Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Thermal recharge"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Thermal recharge":
1
Serianz, Luka, Nina Rman, and Mihael Brenčič. "Hydrogeochemical Characterization of a Warm Spring System in a Carbonate Mountain Range of the Eastern Julian Alps, Slovenia." Water 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051427.
Анотація:
The Alps represent an area where many deep groundwater circulations occur as thermal springs. In the Bled case study, the thermal water temperature, at it is discharged to the surface, is between 19–23 °C. In order to determine the extent (e.g., geometry) and the origin of the pronounced deep circulation system in the Bled area, chemical and isotopic measurements of waters from different hydrogeological systems were performed (e.g., surface water, thermal water, fresh groundwater). Hydrogeochemical methods were used to tie together the above-mentioned parameters. The results have shown that thermal outflow in Bled is determined by the presence of a deep-water circulation system, where the dissolution of carbonates minerals is the main hydrogeochemical process affecting chemical components of natural water flow. The correlation of the major ions suggests that the recharge area is represented by both limestone and dolomite rocks. Moreover, the results of δ18O and δ2H of all samples indicate that the recharge is mainly meteoric precipitation. The recharge altitude was estimated for two sampled fresh groundwater springs. The isotopic compositions of those two springs suggest the range from δ18O = −8.68‰, δ2H = −57.4‰ at an elevation of 629 m to δ18O = −9.30‰, δ2H = −60.1‰ at an elevation of 1216 m. The isotopic analysis has confirmed that the thermal water recharges from altitudes of 1282–1620 m a.s.l.
2
Luhmann, A. J., M. D. Covington, J. M. Myre, M. Perne, S. W. Jones, E. C. Alexander Jr., and M. O. Saar. "Thermal damping and retardation in karst conduits." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 1 (January 9, 2015): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-137-2015.
Анотація:
Abstract. Water temperature is a non-conservative tracer in the environment. Variations in recharge temperature are damped and retarded as water moves through an aquifer due to heat exchange between water and rock. However, within karst aquifers, seasonal and short-term fluctuations in recharge temperature are often transmitted over long distances before they are fully damped. Using analytical solutions and numerical simulations, we develop relationships that describe the effect of flow path properties, flow-through time, recharge characteristics, and water and rock physical properties on the damping and retardation of thermal peaks/troughs in karst conduits. Using these relationships, one can estimate the thermal retardation and damping that would occur under given conditions with a given conduit geometry. Ultimately, these relationships can be used with thermal damping and retardation field data to estimate parameters such as conduit diameter. We also examine sets of numerical simulations where we relax some of the assumptions used to develop these relationships, testing the effects of variable diameter, variable velocity, open channels, and recharge shape on thermal damping and retardation to provide some constraints on uncertainty. Finally, we discuss a multitracer experiment that provides some field confirmation of our relationships. High temporal resolution water temperature data are required to obtain sufficient constraints on the magnitude and timing of thermal peaks and troughs in order to take full advantage of water temperature as a tracer.
3
Luhmann, A. J., M. D. Covington, J. M. Myre, M. Perne, S. W. Jones, E. C. Alexander, and M. O. Saar. "Thermal damping and retardation in karst conduits." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2014): 9589–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-9589-2014.
Анотація:
Abstract. Water temperature is a non-conservative tracer in the environment. Variations in recharge temperature are damped and retarded as water moves through an aquifer due to heat exchange between water and rock. However, within karst aquifers, seasonal and short-term fluctuations in recharge temperature are often transmitted over long distances before they are fully damped. Using analytical solutions and numerical simulations, we develop relationships that describe the effect of flow path properties, flow-through time, recharge characteristics, and water and rock physical properties on the damping and retardation of thermal peaks/troughs in karst conduits. Using these relationships, one can estimate the thermal retardation and damping that would occur under given conditions with a given conduit geometry. Ultimately, these relationships can be used with thermal damping and retardation field data to estimate parameters such as conduit diameter. We also examine sets of numerical experiments where we relax some of the assumptions used to develop these relationships, testing the effects of variable diameter, variable velocity, open channels, and recharge shape on thermal damping and retardation to provide some constraints on uncertainty. Finally, we discuss a tracer experiment that provides field confirmation of our relationships. High temporal resolution water temperature data are required to obtain sufficient constraints on the magnitude and timing of thermal peaks and troughs in order to take full advantage of water temperature as a tracer.
4
Dhia, Hamed Ben. "Thermal regime and hydrodynamics in Tunisia and Algeria." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 7 (July 1991): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443121.
Анотація:
The thermal regime of Algeria and Tunisia and its relation to hydrodynamics is studied by means of available geological and geothermal, and petroleum data. Heat flow densities in the area range from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Several Paleozoic to Tertiary aquifers have been identified, together with potential recharge and discharge areas. The area is a transition zone between the African and European plates. The more tectonically active northern Alpine domain does not exhibit an obvious geothermal trend, and high heat flow anomalies that occur there may be related to structure rather than hydrodynamics. The more stable southern Saharan tectonic domain, with background heat flow of approximately [Formula: see text], exhibits anomalous zones correlated to the hydrodynamic regime with low values in recharge areas (Algerian Tinrhert and High Plateaux) and values in discharge areas (Tunisian Jeffara and Algerian Tademait). The hydrodynamic perturbation to the normal heat flow is estimated to be as great as [Formula: see text] in recharge and discharge zones.
5
Foulquier, Arnaud, Florian Malard, Sylvie Barraud, and Janine Gibert. "Thermal influence of urban groundwater recharge from stormwater infiltration basins." Hydrological Processes 23, no. 12 (June 15, 2009): 1701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7305.
6
Nathenson, M., J. M. Thompson, and L. D. White. "Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 121, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(02)00426-2.
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Perumal, P. Shunmuga, V. Rhymend Uthariaraj, and V. R. Elgin Christo. "Novel Steam Powered Gravity Assisted Standalone Power System (SP-GA-SP System) Design for Remote Wireless Sensor Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.248.
Анотація:
Uninterrupted power supply through electrical grid is not possible for many remote areas like dense forest, hill areas, and deserts. The objective of the proposed work is to generate stand alone electricity using steam powered gravity assisted SP system for remote WSN applications. The proposed design drives the generator by triggering gravity force using steam powered cylinders with high thermal efficiency. The proposed SP system is used to recharge the battery systems of UAVs in remote sites thereby the UAVs are further used to recharge the remote wireless sensor nodes using laser beam transmissions.
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Milovanović, Branislav, Svetislav Stanković, Miomir Komatina, Munevera Hadžišehović, Mladen Župančić, Nada Miljević, Rista Stepić, and Bogomil Obelić. "Isotopic Investigation of the Surdulica Geothermal System." Radiocarbon 31, no. 03 (1989): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200012510.
Анотація:
The object of our investigation was to study a mechanism of water formation in the Surdulica geothermal system (recharge area, age and homogeneity of the waters). We collected 56 samples to determine the chemical, stable isotope, 14C and tritium content of the waters. We found large stable isotope variations in precipitation collected at different altitudes, whereas the geothermal waters are largely homogeneous and seasonally independent. Data on springs and rivers, the local meteoric water line and recharge area were obtained. Three groups of groundwater were identified by age – modern from natural springs, old from mines and very old from the Vranjska Banja. Because the initial 14C activity of infiltrated waters from the recharge area is unknown, the age of thermal waters can only be inferred, from HCO3 −, 14C and 3H content, to be 10,000 to 28,000 years old.
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Kiryukhin, A., V. Sugrobov, and E. Sonnenthal. "Geysers Valley CO2 Cycling Geological Engine (Kamchatka, Russia)." Geofluids 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1963618.
Анотація:
1941–2017 period of the Valley of Geysers monitoring (Kamchatka, Kronotsky Reserve) reveals a very dynamic geyser behavior under natural state conditions: significant changes of IBE (interval between eruptions) and power of eruptions, chloride and other chemical components, and preeruption bottom temperature. Nevertheless, the total deep thermal water discharge remains relatively stable; thus all of the changes are caused by redistribution of the thermal discharge due to giant landslide of June 3, 2007, mudflow of Jan. 3, 2014, and other events of geothermal caprock erosion and water injection into the geothermal reservoir. In some cases, water chemistry and isotope data point to local meteoric water influx into the geothermal reservoir and geysers conduits. TOUGHREACT V.3 modeling of Velikan geyser chemical history confirms 20% dilution of deep recharge water and CO2 components after 2014. Temperature logging in geysers Velikan (1994, 2007, 2015, 2016, and 2017) and Bolshoy (2015, 2016, and 2017) conduits shows preeruption temperatures below boiling at corresponding hydrostatic pressure, which means partial pressure of CO2 creates gas-lift upflow conditions in geyser conduits. Velikan geyser IBE history explained in terms of gradual CO2 recharge decline (1941–2013), followed by CO2 recharge significant dilution after the mudflow of Jan. 3, 2014, also reshaped geyser conduit and diminished its power.
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Poulsen, S. E., N. Balling, and S. B. Nielsen. "A parametric study of the thermal recharge of low enthalpy geothermal reservoirs." Geothermics 53 (January 2015): 464–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.08.003.
Дисертації з теми "Thermal recharge":
1
Bajjali, William Tawfiq. "Recharge and regional circulation of thermal groundwater in northern Jordan using isotope geochemistry." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6671.
Анотація:
The scarcity of water resources in Jordan poses difficulties for the development of the country and its relationship with its neighbours. Thermal groundwaters recently identified in the northern part of the country represent a 40 MCM/y resources for exploitation to meet the increasing demand for water. These thermal groundwaters are found in three well fields (Mukhebeh, JRV and Ramtha) and were investigated to determine their recharge origin, mean subsurface residence times, and the source of heat. They discharge in the northern part of Jordan Rift Valley and the rifted Yarmouk Valley, which are low elevation (50 to 150 m below sea level) zones of recent tectonism and volcanic activity. The range of temperatures is 30 and 56$\sp\circ$C and salinities vary between 500 and 2500 mg/l. Non-thermal groundwaters within the study area have also been studied. In particular shallow groundwater in adjacent highlands region (Ajloun Mountains) are examined to determine their role in recharge to those regional flow systems. The principal aquifer is the Upper Cretaceous B2/A7 group, a package of carbonate formations with high kerogen content at depth. This aquifer outcrops in the Ajloun Mountains and flanking regions and is confined by overlying marls in the down gradient regions. A deeper sandstone aquifer underlies the study area and hosts thermal groundwater which was sampled in the Ramtha area. The major geochemical processes in the subsurface have generated various geochemical facies in the thermal waters. These include carbonate dissolution to calcite saturation in the recharge areas. The thermal groundwater in Mukhebeh and JRV well fields are found to be chemically similar to the carbonate groundwater from Ajloun mountains recharge area. All thermal waters are characterized by sulphate reduction, driven by oxidation of kerogen. Sulphate is of marine evaporite origin dissolved from within the aquifer with a component of volcanogenic sulphur. Some thermal waters have also Na-Cl salinity component related to evaporite dissolution. The thermal waters are of meteoric provenance, originating as rain falling over the carbonate highlands in Jordan and Syria. The $\delta\sp $O and $\delta$D isotopic data show that all thermal groundwaters are largely associated with Eastern Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line, signifying recharge under the climate regime which dominates today in Jordan. The exception is groundwater from the deep sandstone aquifer which is associated with Global Meteoric Water Line, signifying recharge during Pleistocene time. The isotopic composition of groundwater suggests two distinct recharge areas for the Mukhebeh well field: Ajloun Mountains (Jordan) and Mount Hermon (Syria). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
2
Pizarro, Araya Christian Javier. "Cryptic magma recharge associated with 20th century eruptions at Villarrica Volcano." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170072.
Анотація:
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias, Mención GeologíaMemoria para optar al título de Geólogo
El Volcán Villarrica es uno de los más activos de los Andes (ciclos de reposo de ~5.3 años), eruptando productos de composiciones basálticas a andesíticas basálticas, con estilos desde hawaiiano a estromboliano vigoroso. Estas características lo hacen un lugar destacado para determinar los parámetros pre-eruptivos y los procesos involucrados en sus erupciones. En esta tesis se compara la geoquímica de roca total y las abundancias, texturas y composiciones minerales de las lavas más relevantes del siglo XX, que fueron eruptadas en 1921, 1948 y 1971. Las lavas analizadas muestran un rango restringido en las composiciones de roca total (51.7-52.4 wt. % SiO2), sin embargo, presentan la siguiente tendencia creciente del contenido de MgO: ~5.3 wt % MgO (1921), ~6.0 wt % MgO (1971) and ~7.0 wt. % MgO (1948). Dos grupos de composiciones de plagioclasas se observan en todas las lavas: pobres en anortita (~An60) y ricas en anortita (~An80). Las composiciones pobres en anortita son las más abundantes en todas las lavas y fueron comúnmente formadas en las etapas tempranas (núcleos) y en las últimas etapas (bordes externos y fenocristales pequeños y casi no zonados) de cristalización de plagioclasa, mientras que las plagioclasas ricas en anortita se formaron alrededor de núcleos pobres en anortita o como cristales aislados durante etapas intermedias. Las temperaturas de equilibrio de plagioclasa-olivino-clinopiroxeno son de aproximadamente 1090 °C y fueron obtenidas en clots de cristales de las tres lavas. Los cálculos termométricos obtenidos con simulaciones de MELTS de formación de plagioclasa indican un calentamiento (thermal mixing) del reservorio a ~0.5 kbar de unos 100 °C con respecto a las temperaturas de los clots cristalinos. La incorporación de pequeñas cantidades de magma máfico más rico en volátiles y más caliente, de composición similar (cryptic mixing), en el reservorio del Villarrica, podría también calentarlo, probablemente, de una manera más eficiente que con la sola conducción de calor. Una interacción más larga del magma máfico caliente con el reservorio podría provocar cristalización de plagioclasa rica en anortita, disolución de plagioclasa pobre en anortita (es decir, un aumento de la razón modal de rica en An/pobre en An) y una modificación composicional hacia composiciones más ricas en MgO y volátiles, que últimamente resultarían en una mayor intensidad de la erupción.
3
Qvarfordt, Jonas, and Jon Karlsen. "Solhybridassisterad bergvärmepump för svenska villor : Simuleringsmodell för dimensionering och parameteranalys." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84623.
Анотація:
Minskat behov av köpt energi i svenska småhus kan komma att bli en viktig del i EU:s mål att effektivisera energianvändning och minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Solhybridpaneler (eng. Photovoltaic thermal collector, förkort. PVT) kombinerat med bergvärmepump kan bidra till målen genom att minska värmepumpens elbehov, producera el för egenanvändning och leverera överskottsproduktion till elnätet. I svenska småhus finns det mer än 440 000 installerade berg-, jord- och sjövärmepumpar. I dagsläget är det vanligaste att en ny värmepump ersätter en äldre värmepump. Vid byte av bergvärmepump finns risk att det befintliga borrhålet är underdimensionerat i förhållande till den nya värmepumpen. PVT består av en konventionell solcellspanel (PV) för elproduktion kompletterad med en termisk kollektor som hämtar termisk energi från PV-modulen och omgivande luft. Genom att överföra termisk energi från PVT till värmepumpens värmekälla minskar värmepumpens elbehov samtidigt som PV-modulens elproduktion ökar. Arbetet görs tillsammans med företaget Samster som bland annat är konstruktör och återförsäljare av PVT. Samster efterfrågar ett beräkningsverktyg för att underlätta projektering av PVT-assisterade bergvärmepumpar avsedda för villor. Verktyget ska bedöma prestanda,miljönytta och elkostnader utifrån platsspecifika förutsättningar och PVT-anläggningens dimensionering. Slutprodukt från arbetet består av en simuleringsmodell för dimensionering av PVT-assisterad bergvärme konstruerad i mjukvaran Simulink. Med simuleringsmodellen utförs analyser avyttre förutsättningar och systemkomponenter. Simuleringar under varierande förutsättningar utförs för att visa PVT-anläggningens påverkan på elanvändning och bergvärmepumpens effektivitet. Genomförda analyser visar att geografiskt läge och temperaturförloppet i borrhålet har störst inverkan på PVT-assisterad bergvärme och att PVT är mest effektiva när de kopplas till en värmepump som hämtar energi från ett underdimensionerat borrhål. För en villa i Göteborgmed befinligt borrhål på 100 m och årligt värmebehov på 25 000 kWh kan komplettering med9,9 m2 PVT öka SPFVP från 2,65 till 2,82. Att komplettera bergvärmepump med 9,9 m2 PVTbidrar till att reducera villans elkostnad med 14 % och koldioxidutsläpp från elanvändning reduceras med 14 %. Kylning av PVT bidrar till att öka elproduktionen med 4 - 5 % på årsbasis. Riktvärde för lämplig dimension av PVT för att termiskt assistera bergvärmepump är 0,4 – 0,5 m2/MWh totalt uppvärmningsbehov.Reducing the need for purchased energy in Swedish detached houses may become an important part of the EU's goal of streamlining energy use and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT collector) combined with a borehole ground source heat pump can contribute to reaching the climate goals by reducing the heat pump's electricity demand, producing electricity for private use and generating a surplus production going into the electricity grid. In Swedish detached houses, there are more than 440,000 installed ground and lake water source heat pumps. At present, a new heat pump usually replaces an older heat pump. When replacing a borehole ground source heat pump, there is a risk that the existing borehole is undersized in relation to the new heat pump. PVT collectors consists of a conventional solar cell panel (PV) for electricity production supplemented with a thermal collector that collects thermal energy from the PV module and the surrounding air. By transferring thermal energy from PVT collector to the heat pump's heat source, the heat pump's electricity demand decreases while the PV module's electricity production increases. This thesis is a collaboration with Samster, a company that, among other things, designs PVTcollectors. Samster is requesting a calculation tool to facilitate the planning of PVT-assisted ground source heat pumps installations, intended for detached houses. The tool needs to assess performance, environmental benefits and electricity costs based on site-specific conditions and the dimensioning of the PVT collector installation. Finished product from the work consists of a simulation model for dimensioning PVTassisted geothermal heat systems constructed in the Simulink software. With the simulation model, analyses of external conditions and system components are performed. Simulations under varying conditions are performed to show the impact on electricity use and efficiency of the heat pump when PVT collectors are installed. Performed analysis show that geographical location and the temperature variations in the borehole have the greatest impact on the system performance and that PVT collectors are most effective when connected to a heat pump that draws energy from an undersized borehole. For a Swedish detached house located in Gothenburg with a 100-meter boreholeand an annual heat demand of 25,000 kWh, supplementation with 9.9 m2 PVT collectors can increase the heat pump´s SPFVP (seasonal performance factor) from 2.65 to 2.85. The electricity cost for the household is reduced by 14 % and carbon dioxide emissions from electricity use are reduced by 14 %. Cooling of the PVT collectors PV cells contributes to increasing electricity production by 4 -5 % on an annual basis. Guide value for suitable dimensions for PVT collectors that assist a borehole ground source heat pump is 0,4 - 0,5 m2/MWh of total heating demand.
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Mathieu, Romain. "Modélisation de l'influence de la rapidité de recharge totale ou partielle sur les performances électro-thermiques et la durée de vie des batteries pour applications automobiles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0026.
Анотація:
La charge rapide des batteries est un enjeu majeur pour le développement de l’automobile électrique. Côté infrastructure, un déploiement de chargeurs de haute voire très haute puissance est en cours. Ces hautes puissances motivent une recherche sur les batteries, dans l’objectif de réduire significativement leurs durées de charge.Pour une cellule de batterie de caractéristiques données, la puissance de charge est limitée par des considérations électriques, thermiques et de durée de vie. Cette thèse souhaite alors apporter une contribution à la réduction du temps de charge, par une approche numérique de modélisation, simulation et optimisation. Elle compare également 4 références de cellules de différents matériaux et différentes densités d’énergie.Tout d’abord, des modèles du comportement électrique, thermique et de vieillissement d’une cellule sont développés séparément, puis couplés. De manière systématique, les modèles sont présentés, leurs procédures de calibration sont décrites, et ils sont comparés à des résultats expérimentaux. Une attention particulière est portée à l’effet des forts régimes de courant dans différentes conditions thermiques. Ceci a permis d’étendre leurs domaines de validité respectifs.Ensuite, une campagne de vieillissement accéléré est réalisée sur 3 références de cellules. Elle compare l’effet du courant de charge, de la tension de fin de charge et de différentes conditions thermiques sur la dégradation, dans le cadre d’un protocole de charge référence. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier plusieurs stratégies pour la réduction du temps de charge, au niveau du choix d’une référence de cellule, de la gestion thermique, et de l’optimisation du protocole de charge.Enfin, cette dernière stratégie est étudiée. Une méthode de définition par optimisation numérique d’un protocole de charge à plusieurs niveaux de courant constant est développée. Elle se base sur le modèle électro-thermique mis en place. La méthode est utilisée pour définir 5 protocoles de charge optimisés qui sont soumis à des essais de vieillissement accéléré. La dégradation est ensuite comparée à celle observée pour le protocole de charge référence. Dans des conditions comparables au protocole référence, les protocoles optimisés permettent de réduire le temps de charge et/ou la dégradationFast charging of batteries is a major challenge for the development of electric vehicles. A deployment of high power chargers is underway. These high power levels motivate research on batteries, with the aim of significantly reducing their charging times.For a battery cell of given characteristics, the charging power is limited by electrical, thermal and lifetime considerations. This thesis then wishes to make a contribution to the reduction of the charging time, by taking a numerical approach including modeling, simulation and optimization. It also compares 4 cell references of different materials and different energy densities.First, models of the electrical, thermal and aging behavior of a cell are developed separately, then coupled. In a systematic way, the models are presented, their calibration procedures are described, and they are compared with experimental data. Particular attention is paid to the effect of high current regimes under different thermal conditions. This made it possible to extend their respective domains of validity.Then, an accelerated aging campaign is carried out on 3 cell references. It compares the effect of the charging current, the end-of-charge voltage and different thermal conditions on the degradation, within the framework of a reference charging protocol. The results made it possible to identify several strategies for reducing the charging time, regarding the choice of a cell reference, thermal management, and the optimization of the charging protocol.This last strategy is finally studied. A method of definition of a charge protocol, containing several stages of constant current, is developed based on numerical optimization. The method makes uses the electro-thermal model implemented. It is then used to define 5 optimized charging protocols which are subjected to accelerated aging tests. The degradation is compared to that observed for the reference charging protocol. Under comparable conditions with the reference protocol, the optimized protocols make it possible to reduce the charging time and/or the degradation
5
Réfloch, Aurore. "Compréhension expérimentale et numérique des chemins de l'eau sur l'ensemble du champ captant de la Métropole de Lyon." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU015/document.
Анотація:
L’alimentation en eau potable des 1 300 000 habitants de la Métropole de Lyon provient essentiellement de réserves souterraines, puisées sur le site du champ captant de Crépieux-Charmy. Ce captage est un système complexe de par sa superficie (375 ha), le nombre d’ouvrages de pompage (111 puits et forages), le système de réalimentation artificielle (12 bassins d’infiltration), la présence de différents bras du Rhône en interaction avec l’eau souterraine, mais également du fait de la complexité lithologique naturelle du sous-sol. La compréhension des interactions entre les compartiments de ce système est nécessaire pour assurer la pérennisation quantitative et qualitative de la ressource.La caractérisation des écoulements repose sur trois outils essentiels : l’observation, l’expérimentation et la modélisation numérique.L’observation, basée sur les nombreuses données acquises in-situ, met en évidence le rôle prépondérant de l’exploitation hydrique du site sur les écoulements (pompages et bassins). La réalimentation artificielle met en jeu, annuellement, un volume d’eau qui équivaut à la moitié du volume puisé sur l’ensemble du site, et entraîne un réchauffement non négligeable de la nappe en période estivale. Les cartes piézométriques et thermiques à l’échelle du champ captant permettent de visualiser les évolutions spatiales et temporelles des écoulements. D’après l’analyse de données, le dôme hydraulique créé par la réalimentation artificielle (et destiné à obtenir une barrière hydraulique de protection contre une contamination accidentelle des eaux de surface) semble perdurer au maximum 1 à 2 jours après l’arrêt de l’alimentation des bassins. Un indice d’infiltrabilité est défini pour déterminer la capacité d’infiltration de chaque bassin : tenant compte des diverses variables affectant la vitesse d’infiltration, une diminution temporelle de l’indice d’infiltrabilité reflète le colmatage progressif de la couche de sable de fond de bassin. Cet indice est de ce fait un outil d’aide à la décision pour la priorisation des bassins à réhabiliter.Le volet expérimental se décline en deux points : la caractérisation des fonds de bassins par essais d’infiltration (gain d’infiltrabilité par renouvellement du sable, couche compactée sous le sable caractérisée par une forte anisotropie de sa conductivité hydraulique) et la caractérisation des sens d’écoulement par traçage thermique à l’échelle d’un bassin. Un dispositif expérimental, créé de part et d’autre d’un des bassins permet de suivre l’évolution piézométrique et thermique lors des cycles de remplissage. La création des 31 ouvrages de ce dispositif expérimental a permis de mieux caractériser la lithologie en présence, de valider la présence de la zone non saturée règlementaire au droit du bassin, de confirmer l’existence d’écoulements sous le Vieux-Rhône mais aussi de mettre en évidence le fonctionnement 3D des écoulements.Enfin, un modèle numérique a été créé pour simuler les transferts d’eau et de chaleur, sur l’ensemble du site de captage. Cet outil permet d’identifier et de quantifier les sources d’alimentation de la zone de captage, de mettre en évidence la protection partielle des ouvrages de pompage par les dômes hydrauliques créés par les bassins, et de montrer la complexité des relations nappe-rivière, notamment leur dépendance au niveau d’eau. D’ores et déjà opérationnel pour des temps longs (supérieurs à 15 jours), l’outil numérique proposé est exploitable pour des scénarios d’évolutions climatiques ou d’évolutions de l’exploitation du site. Pour les temps inférieurs à deux semaines, le modèle nécessite une amélioration de la connaissance des interactions nappe-rivière et des transferts thermiques (prise en compte du non-équilibre thermique local).Mots clés : Hydrogéologie, réalimentation artificielle, essais d’infiltration, traçages thermiques, modélisation hydro-thermique 3DThe supply of drinking water for the 1,300,000 inhabitants of Lyon Metropole mainly comes from underground reserves in the well field of Crépieux-Charmy. This well field is a complex system because of its surface area (375 ha), the number of pumping wells (111 wells), the artificial recharge system (12 infiltration ponds), the interaction between the Rhône River and groundwater, as well as its natural lithological complexity. Understanding the interactions between the compartments of this system is necessary to ensure quantitative and qualitative sustainability of the water resource.The characterization of field-scale flows is based on three essential tools: observation, experimentation and numerical modelling.The observations, based on a lot of operational field data, highlight the influence of site operation on the flows (pumping and basins). Annually, artificial recharge requires a volume of water which accounts for half of the volume pumped on the whole site. This also leads to a significant rise in water table temperatures during summer periods. Piezometric and water temperature maps at the well field scale allow for visualization of the spatial and temporal evolutions of the flow directions. According to the data analysis, hydraulic domes created by the artificial recharge (and designed to provide a hydraulic barrier to protect against accidental contamination of superficial water) seem to persist for a maximum of 1 to 2 days after water supply of the basins has been stopped. An infiltration index has been defined in order to determine the infiltration capacity of each basin. It takes into account the multiple variables affecting the infiltration rate. The temporal evolution of the infiltration capacity of each basin illustrates the fouling of the basement sand layer. The infiltration index is also a decision support tool for the prioritization of basins to be rehabilitated.The experimental component is divided into two parts: basins characterization by infiltrometer tests (increase of infiltration by renewal of the sand layer, compacted layer under the sand characterized by a strong anisotropy of its hydraulic conductivities) and characterization of the flow direction by heat tracing at scale of an infiltration pond. An experimental system, created on both sides of one of the basins allows tracking of the evolution of piezometric and water temperature during filling cycles.The creation of the 31 piezometers of this experimental system enabled better characterization of the lithology of the ground, to validate the conservation of the unsaturated zone under the basin, to confirm the existence of flows under the Vieux-Rhône River, and to highlight the three-dimensional flows.A digital model has been created to reproduce water and heat transfer on the entire well field. This tool is used to identify and quantify the sources of water of the water catchment area, to highlight the partial protection of the pumping wells by the hydraulic domes, and to show the complexity of the groundwater-river relationship, in particular their dependence on the water level. Already operational on long periods (over 15 days), the proposed digital model is useful for scenarios of climate change or changes in operational conditions. For periods shorter than two weeks, the model requires an improvement in the knowledge of groundwater-river interactions and heat transfer (taking into account the local thermal non-equilibrium).Key words: Hydrogeology, artificial recharge, infiltrometer tests, heat tracing, 3D hydro-thermal modelling
Частини книг з теми "Thermal recharge":
1
Elswijk, R. C. van, and A. Willemsen. "Well fields for Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage; groundwater as a storage medium for renewable energy." In Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability, 375–78. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078838-77.
2
Dehra, Himanshu. "Developments in Wireless Power Transfer Using Solar Energy." In Wireless Power Transfer – Recent Development, Applications and New Perspectives. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97099.
Анотація:
This chapter presents state-of-the-art and major developments in wireless power transfer using solar energy. The brief state-of-the-art is presented for solar photovoltaic technologies which can be combined with wireless power transfer (WPT) to interact with the ambient solar energy. The main purpose of the solar photovoltaic system is to distribute the collected electrical energy in various small-scale power applications wirelessly. These recent developments give technology based on how to transmit electrical power without any wires, with a small-scale by using solar energy. The power can also be transferred wirelessly through an inductive coupling as an antenna. With this wireless electricity we can charge and make wireless electricity as an input source to electronic equipment such as cellphone, MP3 Player etc. In harvesting energy, technologies of ambient solar radiation like solar photovoltaic, kinetic, thermal or electro-magnetic (EM) energy can be used to recharge the batteries. Radio frequency (RF) harvesting technologies are also popular as they are enormously available in the atmosphere. The energy converted to useful DC energy which can be used to charge electrical devices which need low power consumption. The chapter has also presented a parallel plate photovoltaic amplifier connected to a potentiometer as a Resistance-Capacitance (RC) circuit power amplifier. The effect of inductance and resulting power transfer has been theoretically determined in the RC amplifier circuit. The electrical and thermal properties and measurements from a parallel plate photovoltaic amplifier were collected to analyze the unbalanced power transfer and inductance in a nonlinear RC circuit amplifier using equivalent transfer functions. The concept of Wireless Information and Power Transfer using Electromagnetic and Radio Waves of Solar Energy Spectrum is also briefly outlined.
3
Bragin, I. V., A. A. Veldemar, A. A. Pavlov, G. A. Chelnokov, and N. A. Kharitonova. "FEATURES OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS BEHAVIOR AND THE CONDITIONS OF WATER RECHARGE OF THE THERMAL WATERS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK SEA SHORE." In WATER-ROCK INTERACTION: GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, 57–60. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0584-1-2020-57-60.
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"Using heat flow and radiocarbon ages to estimate the extent of recharge area of thermal springs in granitoid rock: Example from Southern Idaho Batholith, USA." In Fractured Rock Hydrogeology, 247–62. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17016-19.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Thermal recharge":
1
Lowry, Chris, Thomas Glose, and Elsayed Fergany. "Quantification of Managed Aquifer Recharge using Passive Thermal Tomography." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.eepp2247.
2
Larson, Peter B., and Jerry P. Fairley. "ASSESSING THERMAL DISCHARGE FROM YELLOWSTONE HOT SPRINGS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BASALTIC MAGMA RECHARGE RATES." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329676.
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E. Butler, Karl, Jean-Christophe Nadeau, Kerry T.B. MacQuarrie, Melissa R. Dawe, James A. Hunter, and Russell Parrott. "HYDROSTRATIGRAPHY AND RECHARGE IN A RIVER VALLEY AQUIFER AS INFERRED FROM SEISMIC, ELECTROMAGNETIC, AND THERMAL METHODS." In 19th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.181.102.
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Butler, Karl E., Jean‐Christophe Nadeau, Kerry T. B. MacQuarrie, Melissa R. Dawe, James A. Hunter, and Russell Parrott. "Hydrostratigraphy and Recharge in a River Valley Aquifer as Inferred from Seismic, Electromagnetic, and Thermal Methods." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2006. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2923740.
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Aute, Vikrant, Rohit Dhumane, Jiazhen Ling, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Modeling of a Thermosiphon to Recharge Phase Change Material Based Thermal Battery for a Portable Air Conditioning Device." In The 12th International Modelica Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, May 15-17, 2017. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp17132459.
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Ramalingam, Mysore, Brian Donovan, Jerry Beam, and Doug Allen. "Comparisons and Evaluation of Turbo-Generator and Heat-Engine Driven Space Based Laser Power System Architectures." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32877.
Анотація:
Several variations of a notional space based electrical laser power system architecture were evaluated with a general thermal systems analysis. The analysis and evaluations of technology options and feasibility were based on a baseline laser power system concept that incorporated an advanced solar array/battery power combination. Two closed-loop, dynamic cycle system concepts are of interest here, both using H2-O2 to fuel the combustor with the heat engine concept using a PEM fuel cell to regenerate fuel constituents. The first dynamic system is a turbo-generator based concept, and the second is a Brayton cycle based heat engine concept driven by an H2-O2 combustor. Each one of these power generation mechanisms has its own advantages and disadvantages. This first-order thermal analysis aims to compare these various options on a common footing such as system mass, in order to arrive at the most suitable configuration from the various options considered. Several technological enhancements were incorporated in the analysis for the H2-O2 system concepts with special emphasis and advocacy of the use of extremely efficient cryogenic super conducting generators and cryogenic power conditioning equipment as these components can be cooled with the cryogenic effluents before they are combusted. These systems would supply power to a 23.5% efficient electric laser (50% electric to optical power diode pump, and a 47% optical to optical high power laser) with >8 MWrf of output laser power in most cases. This is an extremely high power level, so we predict the systems to be somewhat massive and on the order of 40 metric tons (MT, 1000 kg) or more with high sensitivity to recharge time. For a one-day recharge time, the H2-O2 concept recycling all effluents is twice as massive as the baseline solar system. As the recharge time is extended from one day to more than five, the concept that reclaims the effluents begins to appear more attractive for the turbogenerator-based evaluations. For similar output power, the heat engine based evaluation appears to be more attractive at higher cycle temperatures.
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Udell, Kent S., Bidzina Kekelia, Peng Fan, Chengshang Zhou, and Zhigang Fang. "Performance of a Multi-Cell MgCl2/NH3 Thermo-Chemical Battery During Recharge and Operation." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49508.
Анотація:
The development of thermal energy storage technologies to match sustainable energy production is of interest. A prototype of a multi-cell thermochemical battery consisting of connected cells containing MgCl2 salt, and additional air-cooled or air-heated cells containing liquid ammonia of varying quality, was constructed and tested. Each of the 17 cells contained thermocouple probes at three different axial locations within the cylindrical cells. Heat transfer rates, pressures, and ammonia condensation and vaporization rates were measured. Three tests were run. In the first test, the hot bed containing 10 cells was heated using cartridge heaters, driving vaporous ammonia from the salt phase once sufficient salt temperatures were reached. The evolved gaseous ammonia was condensed in an additional 7 empty air-cooled cells. Once the recharging cycle was complete, a valve in the ammonia vapor line connecting the cold and hot beds was closed, allowing indefinite storage of cooling or heating capacity. The second operational test involved the opening of the valve while simultaneous air-cooling the hot bed cells and air-heating the cold bed cells. Heating rates and cooling rates to/from air forced through the hot bed and cold bed, respectively, were monitored to gauge HVAC performance. The second recharge was performed by using a air/air heat exchanger that captured waste heat from an automobile engine exhaust manifold and transferred it to air that was re-circulated through the hot bed array. Temperatures, pressures, heating rates, cooling rates, and cell array heat transfer specifications are reported.
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Rhodes, Abby, Matthew D. Covington, and Joshua M. Blackstock. "ANALYZING THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR AT KARST UNDERFLOW-OVERFLOW SPRINGS FED BY A SINKING STREAM: RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RECHARGE, FLOW PATH PROPERTIES AND TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358859.
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Reissman, Timothy, and Ephrahim Garcia. "An Ultra-Lightweight Multi-Source Power Harvesting System for Insect Cyborg Sentinels." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-662.
Анотація:
The overall purpose of this study was to analyze multi-source energy harvesters for creation of a rechargeable onboard power system, capable of supplying 5–50mW of intermittent power at a system mass of less than one gram, to be placed on a cyborg MAV (CMAV). To recharge the system, three sources of available ambient energy with respect to the application were explored, solar, thermal, and kinetic. Evaluations were performed based on magnitudes of available energy from each source, mass, dimension, and biocompatible constraints for each of the transducers, and specific power output of each energy harvester. Conclusions of this research show the magnitudes of the performance for photo-voltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic transducers weighing less than one gram. In addition, issues related to combining these multi-sourced energy harvesters into a collective power system are discussed.
10
Udell, Kent, and Michael Beeman. "Thermodynamic Analysis of an Advanced Solar-Assisted Compressed Air Energy Storage System." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59314.
Анотація:
The performance of CAES is evaluated for various configurations, with and without thermal energy storage. First, a conventional compressed air energy storage process is modeled using a time series iterative forward differencing method to simulate the round trip efficiency, exergy storage, cavern temperatures and pressures, and the gas expander exit temperature of a CAES plant. The computational model was validated experimentally by comparing trended data of the compression cycle of a 280 HP Gardener-Denver tandem horizontal two-stage compressor to computational results. It was found that the process of cooling the compressors resulted in a large exergy loss and the inefficiencies of the expanders lead to higher temperature gas being exhausted back to ambient pressures. Second, Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AACAES) was simulated to study the effectiveness of storing the thermal energy removed from the compressors to be added to the compressed air as it enters the expanders at a later time. Third, the concept of increasing the capacity of the thermal energy storage systems to allow recharge with concentrated solar heat was explored. It was found that the thermal efficiency of converting the solar thermal energy to power would be high (> 60%). Further, the expander exhaust temperature and exergy are high (> 500 K), implying that additional waste heat energy recovery will be possible. Taken together, the results of this study show that an integrated, high efficiency, on-demand, water-free, solar energy delivery system is possible if combined with an AACAES system.