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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 14 лютого 2022

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1

Zhu, Yingbo, Shui Wan, Kongjian Shen, Qiang Su, and Xiayuan Li. "Modified rotating-angle softened truss model for composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs under pure torsion." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 9 (February 6, 2020): 1902–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219898063.

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Replacement of traditional concrete webs with corrugated steel webs will lead to a significant decrease in torsional stiffness of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs, which needs special attention in the design of wide and curved composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs. To improve the accuracy of prediction on the entire torsional performance of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs, a modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion is developed in this study. Modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion mainly takes into account the new three-stage average stress coefficients, the new two-stage shear strain relationship between corrugated steel web and slabs, and the torsional deformation coordination of whole cross section. To testify the accuracy of modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion and to better understand the performance of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs under pure torsion, two scaled specimens are tested in this article. The torque–twist curves and shear strains calculated by modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion reach a good agreement with experimental results, which indicates that modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion can successfully predict the entire torsional performance of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs. In addition, compared with test data obtained from previous literature, the proposed modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion is more capable of predicting full torsional response of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs than other rotating-angle models, especially at cracking stage and ultimate stage.

2

Lau, Ming G. "Torsional axisymmetric finite element model for problems in elasticity." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 5 (October 1, 1986): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-085.

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This note describes how the displacements and shear stresses of an axisymmetric elastic component, when loaded in torsion, can be computed by modelling the component with torsional axisymmetric finite elements. The model developed represents only minor modifications of the well-known plane stress or plane strain finite element technique.In the analysis, the model is split into a mesh of triangular annuli. Each node of each element has only one degree of freedom, the tangential displacement. The state of strain in each element is represented by a three-term displacement function, one representing a rigid body rotation, the second representing the state of torsion, and the third representing the state of strain in a hollow thin disc.The model has been applied satisfactorily to three torsional problems with known theoretical solutions. The first problem involves the computation of torsional shear stresses of a uniform shaft subjected to pure torsion. In the second problem, the solution is obtained for a conical shaft. In the third problem, known as the Reissner–Sagoci problem, an elastic semi-infinite medium is subjected to a torsional displacement on a small area of the surface.A typical application of the model to the problem of a shrink-fitted assembly subjected to torsion is discussed. Key words: torsion, finite element, elasticity, axisymmetry.

3

Shen, Kongjian, Shui Wan, YL Mo, and Xiayuan Li. "A softened membrane model for prestressed concrete composite box girders with corrugated steel webs under pure torsion." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218788597.

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Torsion can be regarded as a principal factor in some cases, such as in curved girders and eccentrically loaded girders, when conducting the structural analysis of prestressed concrete composite box girders with corrugated steel webs. Recently, a rational model, called the softened membrane model for torsion, was proposed for the torsional analysis of reinforced concrete members; thereafter, this model was extended to prestressed concrete members under pure torsion and called softened membrane model for torsion prestressed concrete. This article presents a modified model, the softened membrane model for torsion prestressed concrete for prestressed concrete composite box girders with corrugated steel webs, to analyze full torsional behavior. To build the model, the softened membrane model for torsion in reinforced concrete members is first extended to perform the torsional analysis of prestressed concrete composite box girders with corrugated steel webs by incorporating the torsional contribution of corrugated steel webs. Afterward, the initial stresses and strains due to prestressing are considered to extend the softened membrane model for torsion to softened membrane model for torsion prestressed concrete for prestressed concrete composite box girders with corrugated steel webs by modifying the equilibrium equations, convergence criteria, and constitutive laws of materials. The modified model is validated by experimental data and is proven to be capable of predicting the overall torque–twist curve, especially the precracked branch and postcracked ascending branch. In addition, a comparison between the softened membrane model for torsion and softened membrane model for torsion prestressed concrete indicates that the torque values before and after concrete cracking will be overestimated and underestimated, respectively, without considering the effect of the initial stresses and strains. Finally, another comparison shows that the softened membrane model for torsion prestressed concrete is superior to the rotating-angle truss model for torsion in its ability to predict the precracked branch of the torque–twist curve.

4

Sun, Heng Hui, Ai Wu Zhao, Mao Feng Zhang, Da Li, Da Peng Wang, Li Kai Zhu, and Mei Tao. "The Analysis Model of Torsion Behavior for Octopus-Inspired Robotic Arm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.917.

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Abstract. Octopus can achieve a variety of dexterous movements at any point along its arm, such as elongating, shorting, bending, twisting, or changing the stiffness, which have been considered as an interesting model of inspiration in robotics. Among the complex behaviors, the torsion behavior is important because it provide extra degree of freedom of movement, like twisting. This paper proposed a detailed dynamic model that describes the torsion behavior of octopus arm, based on torsional vibration theory. The initial conditions and boundary conditions that explained the main features of the torsion behaviors of octopus arm are acknowledged. The mode shapes, which describe the torsional vibration frequency and type, were solved as the sum of the time and the distance from the fixed end to where the deformation happened. By comparing the mode shapes results solved by the method proposed in this paper and by FEA Soft ANSYS, the effectiveness of this method has been verified. Further torsional stresses and torsion angles of deformation and vibrations on rod can be expressed as the functions of the mode shapes and the external torque exerted on one end of the rod. This method can be applied to calculate the kinematics results of the torsion behaviors and the appropriate activations related for continuum robotic manipulators inspired by octopus arm.

5

Deifalla, Ahmed F., Adamantis G. Zapris, and Constantin E. Chalioris. "Multivariable Regression Strength Model for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143889.

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Torsional behavior and an analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams are investigated in this paper. The purpose of this study is twofold: to examine the torsion strength models for SFRC beams available in the literature and to address properly verified design formulations for SFRC beams under torsion. A total of 210 SFRC beams tested under torsion from 16 different experimental investigations around the world are compiled. The few strength models available from the literature are adapted herein and are used to calculate the torsional strength of the beams. The predicted strength is compared with the experimental values measured by the performed torsional tests and these comparisons showed room for improvement. First, a proposed model is based on optimizing the constants of the existing formulations using multi-linear regression. Furthermore, a second model is proposed, which is based on modifying the American Concrete Institute (ACI) design code for reinforced concrete (RC) members to include the effect of steel fibers on the torsional capacity of SFRC beams. Applications of the proposed models showed better compliance and consistency with the experimental results compared to the available design models, providing safe and verified predictions. Furthermore, the second model implements the ACI code for RC using a simple and easy-to-apply formulation.

6

Li, Xin, and Li Liang. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Torsional Behavior of Precast Concrete Screw Pile Body." Applied Mechanics and Materials 188 (June 2012): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.188.137.

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Precast concrete screw pile is a new kind of pile foundation. Because the pile bears very large torsion in construction, the torsional properties of pile body including cracking torsion, ultimate torsion and torsional deformation were studied in this paper in order to improve the anti-torsional ability of precast concrete screw pile. Experimental method and numerical method are used to research the torsional behavior of precast concrete pile body. Experimental and numerical results of cracking torsion, ultimate torsion and relationship between torsion and angle of twist per unit length of different specimens are obtained. In addition, five factors of strength level of concrete, degree of prestress, distance of spiral hoop, concrete cover and diameter of spiral hoop influencing on torsional behavior of precast concrete pile body are researched by orthogonal numerical test. The rational finite element model and solution method are concluded for calculating the torsional behavior of concrete pile. Moreover, the rational pile type and design parameters of precast concrete screw pile are obtained.

7

Men, Jin Jie, Qing Xuan Shi, and Qiu Wei Wang. "Unity Equation of Torsional Capacity for RC Members Subjected to Axial Compression, Bend, Shear and Torque." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.874.

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The mechanics performance of reinforced concrete members subjected to axial compression, bending, shear and torque is very complex. Several calculation models have been established to estimate the torsional capacity of combined torsion members; however, the calculation results of different models have a great variation. In this paper, variable-angle space truss model is adopted to analyze the mechanics performance of reinforced concrete members subjected to combined torsion. With respect to various shapes of specimens, various load modes, and various strength of concrete, a unity equation about torsional capacity of combined torsional member is obtained. Based on the unity equation, the torsional capacity of 59 combined torsional specimens is calculated. In contrast with the equation of ACI and the code of China, the torsional capacity calculated by the unity equation agrees well with the results of experiment and much better than the results of ACI code and China code. It is concluded that the unity equation can provide valuable reference for calculation and design of combined torsion members.

8

Bernardo, Luís. "Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model for RC Hollow Beams under Torsion." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132209.

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In recent studies, a new softened truss model called Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model (GSVATM) has been proposed to compute the full torsional response of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular solid beams under pure torsion. In this article, the GSVATM is extended to cover RC hollow beams under torsion. The modification of the calculation procedure, in order to account for the specific behavior of RC hollow beams for low loading levels, as well as the final solution procedure, is presented. The theoretical predictions from the extended GSVATM are compared with experimental results of RC hollow beams under torsion found in the literature. Good agreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical results, for both high and low loading levels.

9

A. Rosly, N., M. Y. Harmin, and D. L. A. A. Majid. "Preliminary investigation on experimental modal analysis of high aspect ratio rectangular wing model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21348.

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Procedure of conducting an experimental modal analysis (EMA) of roving hammer test for high aspect ratio (HAR) wing containing geometric nonlinearities is presented along with consideration of various tip store sizes. Two sets of test setups of vertical and horizontal arrangements have been considered, which respectively demonstrates the undeformed and deformed cases. Modal properties in terms of natural frequency and mode shape were experimentally measured using the LMS Test.Lab package and the results were then compared between the undeformed and its corresponding deformed configuration. From the finding, it confirms that the chordwise and torsional modes of the undeformed configurations has respectively turned into chordwise-torsion and torsion-chordwise modes as they are in deformed configuration. Meanwhile, the impact related to bending modes is insignificant. Hence, this may result in inaccurate prediction if conventional aeroelastic solution is employed for HAR wing configuration.

10

Peirone, B., D. Fox, and L. A. Piras. "Effects of antebrachial torsion on the measurement of angulation in the frontal plane: A cadaveric radiographic analysis." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 25, no. 02 (2012): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-09-0135.

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SummaryObjectives: To quantify the effect of antebrachial torsion on the miscalculation of radial valgus measured radiographically and to assess a radiographic positioning method used to mitigate torsion-associated artifactual miscalculation of concurrent frontal plane angulation.Methods: A canine cadaveric forelimb was used to model different combinations of valgus and external torsion. Valgus was induced in the limb in increments of five degrees, radiographic images were taken at each increment, and the observed radiographic valgus was measured. Various angles of torsion were then induced and the process was repeated for a range of torsional angles at 15° increments. For the second objective, the study was repeated with the forelimb rotationally re-positioned to mirror the degree of the induced torsion of the deformity at each valgus and torsion iteration.Results: Both zero degrees and 15° torsional iterations possessed mean artifactual valgus (AV) values between zero and five degrees for every valgus increment. With torsion of 30° and higher, mean AV values varied widely and did not fall within the zero to five degree accepted range. Rotationally re-positioning the limb in an attempt to alleviate the AV discrepancies resulted in the 30° torsional group having acceptable AV values for valgus values between zero and 20°.Clinical significance: Increasing antebrachial torsion interferes with accurate radiographic measurement of frontal plane deformities. Radiographically repositioning the limb allows the accurate calculation of more valgus and torsion combinations, but still results in miscalculations of more complex deformities.

11

Mahbobian, Kamyar, and Y. Tadi Beni. "Investigation of Rotation Elastic Boundary Condition on the Pull-In Instability of Electrostatic Torsional Actuators." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.1070.

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In this paper, the static pull-in instability of torsional nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) with coupling effect between torsion and bending is investigated considering the effect of translation elastic boundary condition. A set of normalized equations governing the static actuation properties of the torsional actuator is derived to demonstrate the relationships between the parameters of static characteristics, such as torsion angle, vertical displacement, and applied voltage. The results from this model demonstrated that the real model of boundary condition (elastic boundary condition) is very important issue which must be considered in manufacturing process.

12

Chirica, Ionel, and Elena-Felicia Beznea. "A Numerical Model for Torsion Analysis of Composite Ship Hulls." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/212346.

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A new methodology based on a macroelement model proposed for torsional behaviour of the ship hull made of composite material is proposed in this paper. A computer program has been developed for the elastic analysis of linear torsion. The results are compared with the FEM-based licensed soft COSMOS/M results and measurements on the scale simplified model of a container ship, made of composite materials.

13

Muñoz-Guijosa, Juan Manuel, Daniel Fernández Caballero, Víctor Rodríguez de la Cruz, José Luis Muñoz Sanz, and Javier Echávarri. "Generalized spiral torsion spring model." Mechanism and Machine Theory 51 (May 2012): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2011.12.007.

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14

Huang, Han Chen. "Prediction Scheme of Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.306.

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This study proposes a artificial neural network with genetic algorithm (GA-ANN) for predicting the torsional strength of reinforced concrete beam. Genetic algorithm is used to the optimal network structure and parameters. A database of the torsional failure of reinforced concrete beams with a rectangular section subjected to pure torsion was obtained from existing literature for analysis. This study compare the predictions of the GA-ANN model with the ACI 318 code used for analyzing the torsional strength of reinforced concrete beam. The results show that the proposed model provides reasonable predictions of the ultimate torsional strength of reinforced concrete beams and offers superior torsion accuracy compared to that of the ACI 318-89 equation.

15

Zhang, Jun Hong, Zhen Peng He, Wen Peng Ma, Liang Ma, and Gui Chang Zhang. "Coupled Bending-Torsional Vibration Analysis of Rotor System with Two Asymmetric Disks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2335.

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The dynamic equations derived based on the actual rotor system with two asymmetric disks. In the analysis, the eccentric, rubbing fault characteristics and internal damping effects is considered, and all the analysis is established based on nonlinear oil film force model and coupled bending-torsional differential equations. The Rugge-Kutta method is used to solve numerical model, the torsional displacement response, torsion angle and Poincare map are obtained. The results show torsion amplitudes with initial phase difference π / 2 is larger than initial phase difference of π and 0. In order to eliminate the rigid rolling component the relative torsional angle must be considered.

16

ENNOS, A. ROLAND. "The Importance of Torsion in the Design of Insect Wings." Journal of Experimental Biology 140, no. 1 (November 1, 1988): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.140.1.137.

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A model insect wing is described in which spars of corrugated membrane which incorporate stiffening veins branch serially from a V-section leading edge spar. The mechanical behaviour of this model is analysed. The open, corrugated spars possess great resistance to bending, but are compliant in torsion. Torsion of the leading edge spar will result in torsion and relative movement of the rear spars. As a result camber will automatically be set up in the wing as it twists. Aerodynamic forces produced during the wing strokes will result in torsion and camber of the wing which should improve its aerodynamic efficiency. The effects of varying parameters of the wing model are examined. For given wing torsion, higher camber is given by spars branching from the leading edge at a lower angle, by spars which curve posteriorly, and by spars which diverge from each other. Wings of three species of flies were each subjected to two series of mechanical tests. Application of a force behind the torsional axis caused the wings to twist and to develop camber. Immobilizing basal regions of the leading edge greatly reduced compliance to torsion and camber, as predicted by the theoretical model. Aerodynamic forces produced during a half-stroke are sufficient to produce observed values of torsion and camber, and to maintain changes in pitch caused by inertial effects at stroke reversal.

17

Liu, Yan Dong, and Yi Qiao Yang. "Torsion Textures Simulation by Considering Rigid Body Rotation." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.338.

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In this paper, the torsional texture evolution of pearlitic steel wire is simulated by Full Constrains (FC) Taylor model. The simulation results indicate that a simple shear deformation can not explain the experiments results of torsion texture. Bring in additional rigid body rotation and rational shear deformation can emersion the torsion texture very well. The different deformation styles are imposed to the FC Taylor, a group of parameters is given to explain the torsion texture evolution.

18

Urushadze, Shota, Miroš Pirner, and Ondřej Fischer. "Wind Tunnel Experimental Study of Coupled Rocking-Swivelling Model of Guyed Mast Shaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 821 (January 2016): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.821.303.

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Systematic monitoring of rotational vibration (both torsion and swivelling) of guyed mast shafts has been performed in ITAM since 2005. The occurrence of this phenomenon is conditioned by the fact that the guy ropes are attached to the construction of the shaft, i.e. out of its axis. The simple static calculation model serves for making the proof of the occurrence of the torsional moment, affecting the shaft, which is guyed by three ropes. The exact theoretical solution of the real phenomenon assumes the introduction of dynamics of guy ropes, which vibrate in 3D shapes during the shaft’s movement along the orbit and it ́s torsion (swivelling).

19

Zhou, Hong Xia, and Bin Liu. "Characteristics Analysis and Optimization of Flying-Wing Vehicle Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.177.

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To study structural characteristics of flying-wing vehicle, static and dynamic model of half wing span, static and dynamic model of all wing span, optimization model were established. Based on associated static test and ground resonance test data, these models were modified to implement static, dynamic and optimization analysis. Results demonstrated that structural bending and torsional deformations are mainly at outer wing surface. Torsion at inner wing is positive, while torsion at outer wing is negative. Total spar axial force along the wing span increases gradually from inner wing to outer wing and then decreases gradually after reaching the inner-outer wing interface. After axial force is transmitted to the inner wing, it is going to concentrate at the rear spar obviously. Structural bending rigidity and torsional rigidity satisfy requirements of both static force and flutter, without flutter problem of main structural mode. Viewed from the optimization size, ±45° and 0° skin at inner-outer wing turn thickens significantly. This can increase structural bending and torsional rigidity, which is good for satisfying multiple constraints comprehensively.

20

Abe, Mitsuko. "The Partition Function in the Four-Dimensional Schwarz-Type Topological Half-Flat Two-Form Gravity." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 06 (February 28, 1997): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773239700039x.

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We derive the partition functions of the Schwarz-type four-dimensional topological half-flat two-form gravity model on K3-surface or T4 up to on-shell one-loop corrections. In this model the bosonic moduli spaces describe an equivalent class of a trio of the Einstein–Kähler forms (the hyper-Kähler forms). The integrand of the partition function is represented by the product of some [Formula: see text]-torsions. [Formula: see text]-torsion is the extension of R-torsion for the de Rham complex to that for the [Formula: see text]-complex of a complex analytic manifold.

21

Kagermanov, Alexander, and Paola Ceresa. "3D Fiber-Based Frame Element with Multiaxial Stress Interaction for RC Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (August 15, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8596970.

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A three-dimensional fiber-based frame element accounting for multiaxial stress conditions in reinforced concrete structures is presented. The element formulation relies on the classical Timoshenko beam theory combined with sectional fiber discretization and a triaxial constitutive model for reinforced concrete consisting of an orthotropic, smeared crack material model based on the fixed crack assumption. Torsional effects are included through the Saint-Venant theory of torsion, which accounts for out-of-plane displacements perpendicular to the cross section due to warping effects. The formulation was implemented into a force-based beam-column element and verified against monotonic and cyclic tests of reinforced concrete columns in biaxial bending, beams in combined flexure-torsion, and flexure-torsion-shear.

22

Zhou, Bo, Zhen Qing Wang, Sung Ho Yoon, and Guang Ping Zou. "Mechanical Behaviors of Torsion Actuator of Shape Memory Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.213.

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A shape memory alloy (SMA) torsion actuator is designed by using SMA wires and a thin-walled tube. A mechanical model, which predicts the thermo-mechanical behaviors of the SMA torsion actuator, is developed based on the knowledge of solid mechanics and constitutive relation of SMA. The relationship of the torsion-angle and temperature of the SMA torsion actuator is numerically described by using the mechanical model coupled with Tanaka’s, Liang’s and Zhou’s phase transformation models of SMA respectively. Results show the mechanical model well predict the thermo-mechanical behaviors of the SMA torsion actuator.

23

Adhikari, Sushil, Tek Bahadur Katuwal, Dipak Thapa, Suraj Lamichhane, and Dhurba Adhikari. "Analysis of L-Shape Building with Lift Core at Different Locations And Its Torsional Effect." Technical Journal 2, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tj.v2i1.32822.

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In L-shape building, lift core wall is an important element for strengthening the structure of high seismic zone area. Seismic zone V is considered for most of the buildings in Nepal, which will cause maximum base shear to the structure. This study focuses the use of lift core in five and ten-storey building to resist the seismic forces, and the effect of the lift core is also taken into consideration. Based on the location of the lift core, these building are further subdivided into different models; Lift at outer corner (model 1), lift at lower edge corner (model 2), lift at upper edge corner (model 3), lift at lower and upper edge corner (model 4), lift at inner corner (model 5), and lift at inner and outer corner (model 6). Equivalent static method and response spectrum analysis was used for the analysis. The structural responses were measured in terms of modal periods, displacement, drift ratio, and torsional irregularities. Results from this study indicate that building with lift core wall at inner and outer (model 6) and lift at lower and upper edge corner (model 4) shows the minimum drift ratio, torsional irregularities, displacement and natural time period which lies within permissible limit of torsional irregularities. Hence, it can be concluded that the location of the lift core affects the torsion of an L-shape plan asymmetric building. Designing two lift core at the inner and outer corner (model 6) and lower and upper edge corner (model 4) is found to be effective in reducing the torsion.

24

KOUWN, SEYEN, JOOHAN LEE, TAE HOON LEE, and PHILLIAL OH. "ELKO SPINOR MODEL WITH TORSION AND COSMOLOGY." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 29 (September 6, 2013): 1350121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501216.

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We investigate the cosmology of ELKO spinor model when minimal coupling with torsion is included. Unlike the Dirac spinor which interacts only with the totally anti-symmetric components of torsion tensor, we find the interaction of the time component of the trace of torsion tensor with ELKO spinor provides different aspects of cosmology with fermions. We discuss a couple of cases with given potentials of ELKO spinor which can result in interesting cosmological consequences. Especially, we show that there exists an exact cosmological solution in which the universe began its acceleration only recently and this solution is an attractor. This corresponds to specific forms of torsion and potential with a mild fine-tuning which can address the coincidence problem.

25

Gu, Yu Jiong, Xiao Bo Li, and Cheng Bing He. "Correction on Parameters in Torsion Vibration Model for Turbine-Generator Shafts." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2505.

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The accuracy of parameters in model has important influence on torsion vibration analysis of turbo-generator shafts. In this paper, a method for torsion vibration response calculation based on multistage lumped mass model is introduced. A method for identification and correction on stiffness and damping in torsion vibration monitoring is put forward. Pre-revision on shaft stiffness is realized through analytic calculation of the temperature distribution of turbine-generator shafts. The difference of natural frequencies and response of torsion vibration of shafts are calculated and analyzed after parameter correction, which offers the reference for studying torsion vibration fatigue of shafts.

26

Kowalski-Glikman, J. "Doubly graded sigma model with torsion." Physics Letters B 180, no. 4 (November 1986): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)91202-5.

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27

Zhang Yuan-zhong. "Cosmological model in spacetime containing torsion." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 17, no. 3 (July 1993): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-1062(93)90091-3.

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28

Caballero, Daniel Fernández, Juan Manuel Muñoz Guijosa, and Víctor Rodríguez de la Cruz. "Generalized spiral torsion spring energetic model." Archive of Applied Mechanics 88, no. 6 (February 22, 2018): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-018-1354-1.

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29

Wang, Rui Feng, You Tang Li, and Hu Ping An. "Low Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy under Multi-Axial Non Proportional Cyclic Loading." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.814.

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A series multi-axial tension and torsion low cycle fatigue life experiments of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were conducted on the MTS tension and torsion joint testing machine, in which the torsional strain control and non proportional cyclic loading method under the loading paths of circular, rectangular, square, oval and diamond were successively used. The experimental results are compared and analyzed with the results that calculated by the equivalent strain model, the energy method model and the critical plane method model. The results show that the critical plane method is the accurate prediction model to predict the multi-axial low cycle fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

30

Yu, Zhigang, and Deshan Shan. "Experimental and numerical studies of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined compression-bending-shear-torsion." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (May 17, 2021): 2809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211012577.

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The study of reinforced concrete members subjected to combined loads always has been an important research topic in the field of engineering, but the torsional behavior of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined loads has yet to be determined. This paper is focused on providing a detailed explanation of the torsional behavior of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined compression-bending-shear-torsion. From the perspective of experimental tests and numerical analyses, in this paper, we discuss the effects of combined loads on the torsion bearing capacity, the development of cracks and the failure mode, strains of key points in the concrete and longitudinal reinforcement, and the relation of torsion and angular displacement. We conducted experiments and numerical analyses of four groups of reinforced concrete members by using the main variables of the axial pressure ratio and the bending moment. Also, the experimental and calculated results are compared based on the elastic-plastic damage constitutive model of concrete. Based on the test data and the existing formula, we also extended the formula used to calculate the torsion bearing capacity and provided diagrams of the interaction when combined loads were applied. In addition, the results of this study highlight the turning point from torsion failure to compression-bending-torsion failure. The test results demonstrated that torsion capability increases in the specified range of axial pressure ratio and decreases as bending increases. The test results also indicate the importance of considering the effects of compression-shear-bending on the torsion bearing capacity in the engineering design.

31

Ishiwatari, Akinobu, Jiro Hiramoto, and Toru Inazumi. "Improvement on CAE Model Considering Surface Deformation of Tools in Contact with Blank Sheet for Accurate Torsional Springback Prediction in High Strength Steel Part Forming." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.732.

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It is difficult to predict springback, particularly in torsion, with high accuracy by FE simulation. Generally, more accurate springback prediction havs been achieved mainly by the improvement of material modeling such as Baushinger effect and plastic anisotropy models. It is also proved that tool deformations can greatly influence on the accuracy of torsion springback prediction as shown in the authors’ study [Esaform 2012]. The study shows that FE simulation using elastic tool model has 30% more accuracy in predicting torsional spring back in a curved hat shape than that by rigid tool model. But full elastic tool modeling is tedious work and FE calculation with the elastic tool model needs enormous time.There are two kinds of tool deformation during a press forming: tool deflection as a whole, and surface deformation where the tool is in contact with the steel sheet. Three forming experiments were carried out with an insert block of different stiffness, which touch steel sheets directly, in this study. The results revealed that surface deformation of a tool has great influence on torsion springback of a curved hat shape. Based on the results, a new tool modeling is proposed in this study. In the model, the part of a tool in direct contact with a blank sheet is elastic and the other part is rigid. That means the model deals with only surface deformations of tools in FE simulation. By the new model, the accuracy of torsion springback prediction of a curved hat shape was improved with less calculation time.

32

Cusumano, J. P., and D. C. Lin. "Bifurcation and Modal Interaction in a Simplified Model of Bending-Torsion Vibrations of the Thin Elastica." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2873864.

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This paper presents a numerical study of bifurcation and modal interaction in a system of partial differential equations first proposed as a simplified model for bending-torsion vibrations of a thin elastic beam. A system of seven ordinary differential equations obtained using the first six bending and first torsional normal modes is studied, and Floquet theory is used to locate regions in the forcing frequency, forcing amplitude parameter plane where “planar” (i.e., zero torsion) motions are unstable. Numerical branch following and symmetry considerations show that the initial instability arises from a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation. The subsequent nonplanar chaotic attractor is part of a branch of 2-frequency quasiperiodic orbits which undergoes torus-doubling bifurcations. A new statistical technique which identifies interacting modes and the average stability properties of the associated subspaces is presented. The technique employs the Lyapunov vectors used in the calculation of the Lyapunov exponents. We show how this method can be used to split the modes into active and passive sets: active modes interact to contain the attractor, whereas passive modes behave like isolated driven oscillators. In particular, large amplitude modes may simply serve as conduits through which energy is supplied to the active modes.

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GEGENBERG, J., P. F. KELLY, R. B. MANN, R. MCARTHUR, and D. VINCENT. "REINTERPRETATION OF THE NON-LINEAR SIGMA MODEL WITH TORSION." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 18 (December 1988): 1791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388002154.

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It is shown that the bosonic non-linear sigma model with torsion may be reinterpreted as a non-linear sigma model formulated on an algebraically extended two-dimensional worldsheet. The torsion term arises naturally as a consequence of the extended geometry. The two models, while locally equivalent, have distinct global features.

34

Jian, Ranran, Weimin Yang, Mohini Sain, Chuanwei Zhang, and Lupeng Wu. "Design and Ductile Behavior of Torsion Configurations in Material Extrusion to Enhance Plasticizing and Melting." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183181.

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In the present work, the ductile formation mechanism of a newly proposed torsion configuration has been investigated. One of the unique attributes of this paper is the first-time disclosure of the design and fabrication of a novel prototype screw with torsional flow character validating the orthogonal test model experimentally. The torsional spiral flow patterns that occurred in the torsion channel cause a ductile deformation of polymer in the form of a spiral, which in turn enhances the radial convection, achieving an effective mass transfer of material from the top region to the bottom region and vice versa. Furthermore, the characteristic parameters of torsion configuration have a significant influence on the plasticizing and melting capability of polymer. By range analysis and weight matrix analysis, the best factor and level combination was obtained. Results indicated that the aspect ratio of the torsion channel is almost equal to 1, and the plasticizing and melting capability of polymer is optimal. This novel design innovation offers a paradigm shift in the energy-efficient plasticization of polymer compounds.

35

Bernardo, Luís. "Modeling the Full Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flanged Beams under Torsion." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132730.

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Recently, an analytical model called the generalized softened variable angle truss-model (GSVATM) aimed to predict the full behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular beams under torsion. In this article, such a model is used to compute the full torsional behavior of RC flanged beams, namely T- and L-shaped beams. The calculation procedure to include the influence of the flanges is described. A comparative analysis between the predictions from the GSVATM and some experimental results, related with RC flanged beams under torsion and found in the literature, is also presented. From this comparative analysis and for high loading levels, the GSVTM is reliable. Yet, for low loading levels, the theoretical model still needs to be refined.

36

Huang, Han Chen. "Using a Hybrid Neural Network to Predict the Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2749.

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This study proposes a multilayer perceptrons neural network with genetic algorithm (GA-MLP) for predicting the torsional strength of reinforced concrete beams. Genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimum number of inputs and hidden nodes of a feedforward neural network, the optimum slope of the activation function, and the optimum values of the learning rates and momentum coefficients. A database of the torsional failure of reinforced concrete (including normal-strength and high-strength concrete) beams with a rectangular section subjected to pure torsion was obtained from existing literature for analysis. We compare the predictions of the GA-MLP model with the ACI 318 code used for analyzing the torsional strength of reinforced concrete beams. We found that the proposed model provides reasonable predictions of the ultimate torsional strength of reinforced concrete beams and offers superior torsion accuracy compared to that of the ACI 318-02 equation considering both the correlation coefficient and absolute relative error.

37

Wei, Zhan Guo. "Torsional Vibration Dynamics Modeling and Simulation Research on Harvester." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.160.

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building picking mechanical torsional vibration dynamics model, carries on the equivalent moment of inertia, equivalent torsional stiffness calculation, torsional system intrinsic characteristics are analyzed, and the programming, the Harvester power transmission system of each order natural frequency and engine low harmonic times incentive relations, so as to make the vehicle torsion effect effectively restrain.

38

Raffa, Maria Letizia, Raffaella Rizzoni, and Frédéric Lebon. "A Model of Damage for Brittle and Ductile Adhesives in Glued Butt Joints." Technologies 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9010019.

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The paper presents a new analytical model for thin structural adhesives in glued tube-to-tube butt joints. The aim of this work is to provide an interface condition that allows for a suitable replacement of the adhesive layer in numerical simulations. The proposed model is a nonlinear and rate-dependent imperfect interface law that is able to accurately describe brittle and ductile stress–strain behaviors of adhesive layers under combined tensile–torsion loads. A first comparison with experimental data that were available in the literature provided promising results in terms of the reproducibility of the stress–strain behavior for pure tensile and torsional loads (the relative errors were less than 6%) and in terms of failure strains for combined tensile–torsion loads (the relative errors were less than 14%). Two main novelties are highlighted: (i) Unlike the classic spring-like interface models, this model accounts for both stress and displacement jumps, so it is suitable for soft and hard adhesive layers; (ii) unlike classic cohesive zone models, which are phenomenological, this model explicitly accounts for material and damage properties of the adhesive layer.

39

ENNOS, A. ROLAND. "The Inertial Cause of Wing Rotation in Diptera." Journal of Experimental Biology 140, no. 1 (November 1, 1988): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.140.1.161.

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The cause of the changes in wing pitch at stroke reversal in Diptera has been investigated. The high compliance of the wing base makes it seem unlikely that pitch changes are caused by active torsion at the wing articulation. The centre of mass of insect wings tends to be behind the centre of torsion of the wing, and it is proposed that wing inertia about the torsional axis alone is responsible for pitch changes as the wing is accelerated at stroke reversal. A simplified inertial model is developed to calculate the angular velocity about the torsional axis that would be caused by wing inertia. The mass distribution and the torsional axis of the wings of two species of flies was found and it was shown that in these animals inertial causesalone could develop the angular velocity in the pitching plane that is observed at stroke reversal. Analysis of the movement of individual regions of the wing shows further that inertial effects will produce the tip to base ‘torsion wave’ seen inthe wing at stroke reversal.

40

CHO, Y. M., D. G. PAK, and B. S. PARK. "A MINIMAL MODEL OF LORENTZ GAUGE GRAVITY WITH DYNAMICAL TORSION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 14 (June 10, 2010): 2867–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10048524.

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A new Lorentz gauge gravity model with R2-type Lagrangian is proposed. In the absence of classical torsion, the model admits a topological phase with an arbitrary metric. We analyze the equations of motion in constant curvature space–time background using the Lagrange formalism and demonstrate that the model possesses a minimal set of dynamic degrees of freedom for the torsion. Surprisingly, the number of torsion dynamic degrees of freedom equals the number of physical degrees of freedom for the metric tensor. An interesting feature of the model is that the spin-2 mode of torsion becomes dynamical essentially due to the nonlinear structure of the theory. We perform covariant one-loop quantization of the model for a special case of constant curvature space–time background. We treat the contortion as a quantum field variable whereas the metric tensor is kept as a classical object. We discuss a possible mechanism of an emergent Einstein gravity as a part of the effective theory induced due to quantum dynamics of torsion.

41

CAPOZZIELLO, SALVATORE. "TORSION QUINTESSENCE." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 25 (August 20, 2002): 1621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302008046.

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A natural way to obtain quintessence, i.e. negative pressure contributions in cosmological dynamics and then accelerated behavior of the Hubble fluid, is to take into account a torsion fluid whose effects become relevant at large scale. We investigate a model where a totally antisymmetric torsion field is taken into account and discuss the conditions to obtain quintessence. We obtain exact solutions where dust dominated Friedmann behavior is recovered as soon as torsion effects are not relevant.

42

Otalora, Giovanni. "A novel teleparallel dark energy model." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 02 (February 2016): 1650025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816500255.

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Although equivalent to general relativity, teleparallel gravity (TG) is conceptually speaking a completely different theory. In this theory, the gravitational field is described by torsion, not by curvature. By working in this context, a new model is proposed in which the four-derivative of a canonical scalar field representing dark energy is nonminimally coupled to the “vector torsion”. This type of coupling is motivated by the fact that a scalar field couples to torsion through its four-derivative, which is consistent with local spacetime kinematics regulated by the de Sitter group [Formula: see text]. It is found that the current state of accelerated expansion of the universe corresponds to a late-time attractor that can be (i) a dark energy-dominated de Sitter solution ([Formula: see text]), (ii) a quintessence-type solution with [Formula: see text], or (iii) a phantom-type [Formula: see text] dark energy.

43

Harb, Amro, Maxwell Levi, Akio Kozato, Yelena Akelina, and Robert Strauch. "Torsion Does Not Affect Early Vein Graft Patency in the Rat Femoral Artery Model." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 35, no. 04 (October 30, 2018): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675224.

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Background Torsion of vein grafts is a commonly cited reason for graft failure in clinical setting. Many microsurgery training courses have incorporated vein graft procedures in their curricula, and vein graft torsion is a common technical error made by the surgeons in these courses. To improve our understanding of the clinical reproducibility of practicing vein graft procedures in microsurgery training courses, this study aims to determine if torsion can lead to early vein graft failure in nonsurvival surgery rat models. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five cohorts with five rats per cohort for a total of 25 rats. Cohorts were labeled based on degree of vein graft torsion (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees). Torsion was created in the vein grafts at the distal arterial end by mismatching sutures placed between the proximal end of the vein graft and the distal arterial end. Vein graft patency was then verified 2 and 24 hours postoperation. Results All vein grafts were patent 2 and 24 hours postoperation. At 2 hours, the average blood flow rate measurements for 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees of torsion were 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.38 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.33 ± 0.01, and 0.29 ± 0.02 mL/min, respectively. At 24 hours, they were 0.94 ± 0.07, 1.03 ± 0.15, 1.26 ± 0.22, 1.41 ± 0.11, and 0.89 ± 0.15 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion Torsion of up to 180 degrees does not affect early vein graft patency in rat models. To improve the clinical reproducibility of practicing vein graft procedures in rat models, we suggest that microsurgery instructors assess vein graft torsion prior to clamp release, as vessel torsion does not seem to affect graft patency once the clamps are removed.

44

Barros, R., and J. S. Giongo. "Shear force and torsion in reinforced concrete beam elements: theoretical analysis based on Brazilian Standard Code ABNT NBR 6118:2007." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 5, no. 5 (October 2012): 576–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952012000500002.

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Reinforced concrete beam elements are submitted to applicable loads along their life cycle that cause shear and torsion. These elements may be subject to only shear, pure torsion or both, torsion and shear combined. The Brazilian Standard Code ABNT NBR 6118:2007 [1] fixes conditions to calculate the transverse reinforcement area in beam reinforced concrete elements, using two design models, based on the strut and tie analogy model, first studied by Mörsch [2]. The strut angle θ (theta) can be considered constant and equal to 45º (Model I), or varying between 30º and 45º (Model II). In the case of transversal ties (stirrups), the variation of angle α (alpha) is between 45º and 90º. When the equilibrium torsion is required, a resistant model based on space truss with hollow section is considered. The space truss admits an inclination angle θ between 30º and 45º, in accordance with beam elements subjected to shear. This paper presents a theoretical study of models I and II for combined shear and torsion, in which ranges the geometry and intensity of action in reinforced concrete beams, aimed to verify the consumption of transverse reinforcement in accordance with the calculation model adopted As the strut angle on model II ranges from 30º to 45º, transverse reinforcement area (Asw) decreases, and total reinforcement area, which includes longitudinal torsion reinforcement (Asℓ), increases. It appears that, when considering model II with strut angle above 40º, under shear only, transverse reinforcement area increases 22% compared to values obtained using model I.

45

Yang, Li Hong, and Lin Zhi Wu. "Determination of Hardening Coefficient of Large Strain Constitutive Model Based on Torsion Tests." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1528.

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Uni-tension test and torsion test with specimens of A3 steel are completed, and deformation rate, the spin of Euler configuration to Lagrange configuration and generalized Jaumann rate of Kirchhoff stress in torsion problem are given. Large strain constitutive relationship with generalized Jaumann stress rate is studied based on torsion test. The simple shear problem is discussed by using the constitutive model given in this paper. The result indicates that the hardening coefficient of constitutive model with generalized Jaumann rate may be given by the same expression as that of constitutive model with Jaumann objective rate when determining by using torsion tests and the shear stress response curve in simple shear problem obtained by using the constitutive model in this paper is similar to the shear stress-strain curve given in solid circular shaft torsion tests.

46

Song, Bao, Hui Wang, Weihua Cui, Hui Liu, and Tingshuai Yang. "Distributions of stress and deformation in a braided wire rope subjected to torsional loading." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 54, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324718800814.

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Braided wire rope is vital for stringing conductors with tension in overhead transmission lines. Its structure and characteristics determine the safety and reliability of the stringing construction. Torque generated in this process can cause an uneven stress distribution, ultimately causing the wire rope to fail. This study analyzes distributions of stress and deformation in braided wire rope subjected to torsional loading. A geometric model for YS9-8 × 19 braided wire rope was established, and finite element analysis was performed on the model in different twisting directions. The simulation results show that the wires in the strands have the tendency to be screwed tightly and are in a stretched state when the lay direction of the strand coincides with its torsion direction. However, when the lay and torsion directions are opposite, the wires in the strands tend to unwind and are in a compressed state. At the same torsional angle, different torques can be generated at a particular cross-section along different twisting directions. This shows that braided wire rope has better anti-twist characteristics when twisted clockwise compared to when twisted anticlockwise. Finally, a torsion test was conducted on the braided wire rope. The results show that the change in the torque curve with respect to the torsional angle is in good agreement with the simulation results.

47

Capozziello, Salvatore, Vittorio De Falco, and Richard Pincak. "Torsion in Bianchi IX cosmology." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 12 (November 24, 2017): 1750186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817501869.

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The emergence of early cosmological anisotropies and late accelerated expansion can be achieved considering Bianchi cosmological models equipped with torsion. In this paper, we present a Bianchi IX cosmology with torsion where both the previous issues are addressed by the exact solutions derived from the model. The standard Friedman–Robertson–Walker universe is recovered as soon as torsion is switched off and metric becomes isotropic.

48

ZHANG, Libin. "Static Model of Flexible Pneumatic Torsion Joint." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 07 (2008): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2008.07.134.

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49

Bagnoli, Paola, Nicolò Malagutti, Dario Gastaldi, Emanuela Marcelli, Enrico Lui, Laura Cercenelli, Maria Laura Costantino, Gianni Plicchi, and Roberto Fumero. "Computational Finite Element Model of Cardiac Torsion." International Journal of Artificial Organs 34, no. 1 (January 2011): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.2011.6313.

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50

Khoddam, S. "A detailed model of high pressure torsion." Materials Science and Engineering: A 683 (January 2017): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.11.025.

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