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Pesiridis, Apostolos, and Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas. "Experimental Evaluation of Active Flow Control Mixed-Flow Turbine for Automotive Turbocharger Application." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2372778.
In the current paper we introduce an innovative new concept in turbochargers—that of using active control at the turbine inlet with the aim of harnessing the highly dynamic exhaust gas pulse energy emanating at high frequency from an internal combustion engine, in order to increase the engine power output and reduce its exhaust emissions. Driven by the need to comply to increasingly strict emissions regulations as well as continually striving for better overall performance, the active control turbocharger is intended to provide a significant improvement over the current state of the art in turbocharging: the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). The technology consists of a system and method of operation, which regulate the inlet area to a turbocharger inlet, according to each period of engine exhaust gas pulse pressure fluctuation, thereby actively adapting to the characteristics of the high frequency, highly dynamic flow, thus taking advantage of the highly dynamic energy levels existent through each pulse, which the current systems do not take advantage of. In the Active (Flow) Control Turbocharger (ACT) the nozzle is able to adjust the inlet area at the throat of the turbine inlet casing through optimum amplitudes, at variable out-of-phase conditions and at the same frequency as that of the incoming exhaust stream pulses. Thus, the ACT makes better use of the exhaust gas energy of the engine than a conventional VGT. The technology addresses, therefore, for the first time the fundamental problem of the poor generic engine-turbocharger match, since all current state of the art systems in turbocharging are still passive receivers of this highly dynamic flow without being able to provide optimum turbine inlet geometry through each exhaust gas pulse period. The numerical simulation and experimental work presented in this paper concentrates on the potential gain in turbine expansion ratio and eventual power output as well as the corresponding effects on efficiency as a result of operating the turbocharger in its active control mode compared to its operation as a standard VGT.
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Kadirova, Seher, Stiliyan Okishelov, and Zhivko Kolev. "Electronic system for control of temperature of exhaust gases and pressure in turbochargers of diesel automobile engines." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128604011.
The paper presents design and experimental investigation of an electronic system for control of the temperature of exhaust gases and the turbocharging air pressure in turbochargers of diesel automobile engines. The existing problems are faults in the fuel system of an engine. The indicators are changes in the values of the temperature and pressure in exact areas of the turbocharger. The presented device is a controller that monitors precisely the temperature and pressure, which are so vital for the long operation of the automobile. The control system is based on Arduino microcontroller. OLED Display has been added to visualize the obtained results. A schematic diagram of an electronic module for control of the temperature of exhaust gases and turbocharging air pressure in turbochargers of diesel automobile engines has been synthesized. The system has been investigated in laboratory conditions and practically implemented in a real automobile. As a result of laboratory experimental investigation, results were obtained for the time-monitored parameters temperature of the exhaust gases and turbocharging air pressure in the turbocharger system of a diesel automobile engine.
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Wang, Zhihui, Chaochen Ma, Zhi Huang, Liyong Huang, Xiang Liu, and Zhihong Wang. "A novel variable geometry turbine achieved by elastically restrained nozzle guide vanes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 9 (April 8, 2020): 2312–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020909662.
Variable geometry turbocharging is one of the most significant matching methods between turbocharger and engine, and has been proven to provide air boost for entire engine speed range as well as to reduce turbo-lag. An elastically constrained device designed for a novel variable geometry turbocharger was presented in this paper. The design of the device is based on the nozzle vane’s self-adaptation under interactions of the elastic force by elastically restrained guide vane and the aerodynamic force from flowing gas. The vane rotation mechanism of the novel variable geometry turbocharger is different from regular commercial variable geometry turbocharger systems, which is achieved by an active control system (e.g. actuator). To predict the aerodynamic performance of the novel variable geometry turbocharger, the flow field of the turbine was simulated using transient computational fluid dynamics software combined with a fluid–structure interaction method. The results show that the function of elastically constrained device has similar effectiveness as the traditional variable geometry turbocharger. In addition, the efficiency of the novel variable geometry turbocharger is improved at most operating conditions. Furthermore, a turbocharged diesel engine was created using the AVL BOOST software to evaluate the benefits of the new variable geometry turbocharger. The proposed novel variable geometry turbocharger can effectively improve the engine performance at mid-high speeds, such that the maximum decrease of brake-specific fuel consumption reaches 17.91% under 100% load and 3600 r/min engine condition. However, the engine power and brake-specific fuel consumption decrease significantly at low engine speed conditions, and the decrease is more than 26% under 1000 r/min.
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Yang, Jia. "Turbocharger Production Organization and Quality Control." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.420.
Turbocharger production in production is the basis for organizing the production. In a decentralized organization under the condition of the expansion of the scale of production and the mode of production of the dispersion area turbocharger production characteristics. In the scale of production expands unceasingly in the situation, the relevant enterprises and personnel are involved in this organization system. For a supercharger assembly production offerred rich component source. This phenomenon has enriched the turbocharger production models and production scale is continually expanding. In the turbocharger parts quality control is respective to the production control. But the overall quality control is not one or two enterprises or machine production enterprises can complete. Quality control needs of enterprises of the serial and parallel control. The ways of organizing production and product quality control has been formed a regional product characteristics. The final part quality control is made with the production capacity of enterprises through the parts detection. Turbocharger assembly process and experiment by production enterprises. The use effect of the product by the engine manufacturing plant through practical application effect detection.
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Gu, Can song, Zhao cheng Yuan, Zheng rui Yang, Jia xin Liu, and Hong liang Li. "Dynamic characteristics of high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger based on thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication bearing model and flexible multibody dynamics method." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (January 2020): 003685041989771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419897712.
A flexible multibody dynamic calculation model based on thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication bearing model was established. This numerical simulation method provided a more realistic turbocharger calculation model and a more reliable theoretical support for studying the dynamic vibration characteristics of the floating ring bearing turbocharger system. In order to fully consider the dynamic characteristics of each component, the behavior of the floating ring bearing was described by generalized incompressible Reynolds equation in thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model. The flexible body substructure models were established by the modal synthesis method. Based on this model, the direct mathematical model of the relationship between the eccentricity of the rotor and the oil film clearance on the turbocharger’s surface vibration was established. The influence of eccentricity and oil film thickness on the surface vibration of the turbocharger body was calculated by transient dynamics method. The results showed that the eccentricity of the rotor and the vibration of turbocharger housing were monotonic functions, but the interaction between the whirl of internal and external oil films made the mechanism of the influence of the oil film thickness on the turbocharger body’s vibration complicated. The research provided a new idea for the structural vibration and synchronous noise control of the supercharger.
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Boretti, Albert. "Super Turbocharging the Direct Injection Diesel engine." Nonlinear Engineering 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2017-0067.
Abstract The steady operation of a turbocharged diesel direct injection (TDI) engine featuring a variable speed ratio mechanism linking the turbocharger shaft to the crankshaft is modelled in the present study. Key parameters of the variable speed ratio mechanism are range of speed ratios, efficiency and inertia, in addition to the ability to control relative speed and flow of power. The device receives energy from, or delivers energy to, the crankshaft or the turbocharger. In addition to the pistons of the internal combustion engine (ICE), also the turbocharger thus contributes to the total mechanical power output of the engine. The energy supply from the crankshaft is mostly needed during sharp accelerations to avoid turbo-lag, and to boost torque at low speeds. At low speeds, the maximum torque is drastically improved, radically expanding the load range. Additionally, moving closer to the points of operation of a balanced turbocharger, it is also possible to improve both the efficiency η, defined as the ratio of the piston crankshaft power to the fuel flow power, and the total efficiency η*, defined as the ratio of piston crankshaft power augmented of the power from the turbocharger shaft to the fuel flow power, even if of a minimal extent. The energy supply to the crankshaft is possible mostly at high speeds and high loads, where otherwise the turbine could have been waste gated, and during decelerations. The use of the energy at the turbine otherwise waste gated translates in improvements of the total fuel conversion efficiency η* more than the efficiency η. Much smaller improvements are obtained for the maximum torque, yet again moving closer to the points of operation of a balanced turbocharger. Adopting a much larger turbocharger (target displacement x speed 30% larger than a conventional turbocharger), better torque outputs and fuel conversion efficiencies η* and η are possible at every speed vs. the engine with a smaller, balanced turbocharger. This result motivates further studies of the mechanism that may considerably benefit traditional powertrains based on diesel engines.
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Ammad ud Din, Syed, Weilin Zhuge, Panpan Song, and Yangjun Zhang. "A method of turbocharger design optimization for a diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018802560.
Downsizing a diesel engine using turbocharger and coupling it with exhaust gas recirculation is the recent trend to improve engine performance and emission control. For diesel engines, it is important to match a turbocharger that meets both the low-speed torque and high-speed power requirements. This article presents a method of turbocharger design optimization for a turbocharged diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, on the basis of parametric study of turbocharger geometry. Turbocharger through-flow model along with one-dimensional engine model is used to study the effect of key geometric parameters of the compressor and turbine on engine brake torque, brake-specific fuel consumption, air flowrate and cylinder peak temperature. For compressor, the research emphasizes on impeller inlet relative diameter, inlet blade tip angle, impeller exit blade angle and exit blade height, while for turbine parameters such as volute throat area, inlet blade height, inlet diameter, outlet diameter and rotor exit blade angle are taken into account. Results show that in case of compressor, engine performance is sensitive to the inlet relative diameter, inlet blade angle and exit blade angle. In case of turbine, volute throat area, inlet blade height and inlet diameter have vital effect on engine performance. On the basis of results, an optimized turbocharger design is developed. Comparison shows prominent improvement in turbocharger maps and engine performance. Compressor maximum efficiency and pressure ratio are increased from 73% to 77% and 3.166 to 3.305, respectively. Most importantly, the area of compressor maximum efficiency zone is increased considerably. Also turbine efficiency is increased from 71.42% to 76.94%. As a result, engine torque and air flowrate are increased up to 5.26% and 8.31%, respectively, while brake-specific fuel consumption and cylinder peak temperature are decreased up to 5.00% and 4.31%, respectively.
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Zeng, Tao, and Guoming G. Zhu. "Control-oriented turbine power model for a variable-geometry turbocharger." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 4 (May 14, 2017): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017702996.
A control-oriented model for the variable-geometry turbocharger is critical for model-based variable-geometry turbocharger control design. Typically, the variable-geometry turbocharger turbine power is modeled with a fixed mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger on the assumption of an isentropic process. The fixed-efficiency approach is an oversimplification and may lead to modeling errors because of an overpredicted or underpredicted compressor power. This leads to the use of lookup-table-based approaches for defining the mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger. Unfortunately, since the vane position of a variable-geometry turbocharger introduces a third dimension into these maps, real-time implementation requires three-dimensional interpolations with increased complexity. Map-based approaches offer greater fidelity in comparison with the fixed-efficiency approach but may introduce additional errors due to interpolation between the maps and extrapolation to extend the operational range outside the map. Interpolation errors can be managed by using dense maps with extensive flow bench testing; smooth extrapolation is necessary when the turbine is operated outside the mapped region, e.g. in low-flow and low-speed conditions. Extending the map to this region requires very precise flow control and measurement using a motor-driven compressor, which currently is not a standard test procedure. In this paper, a physics-based control-oriented model of the turbine power and the associated power loss is proposed and developed, where the turbine efficiency is modeled as a function of both the vane position of the variable-geometry turbocharger and the speed of the turbine shaft. As a result, the proposed model eliminates the interpolation errors with smooth extension to operational conditions outside typically mapped regions.
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Qiu, Li Jun, and Su Ying Xu. "Design on Turbocharger Inlet Control Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.97.
Turbocharger exhaust device is in controlling exhaust speed device. The controllable exhaust device is to improve the turbocharger in the low-speed running of the engine torque output and high speed power output device. Parts processing in a controllable exhaust device and the whole installation process has two problems to be solved. A problem is a rotating plate deflector rod in the assembly welding processing. Another is mounted in the assembly. The solution is improved the structure of apparatus and parts. It is including exhaust control rotor structure, the drive ring structures and devices in the corresponding connector design. Integral casting of the rotor lever is used to replace welding rotary sheet shifting rod. The whole assembly structure design is used to replace the combined assembly. The controllable exhaust device is integral installation structure design. To solve the problem is assembly again assembly problem.
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Chasse, A., P. Moulin, P. Gautier, A. Albrecht, L. Fontvieille, A. Guinois, and L. Doléac. "Double Stage Turbocharger Control Strategies Development." SAE International Journal of Engines 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0988.
Turbocharging is a way to stay competitive on the market where there are increasing demands on fuel consumption and engine performance. Turbocharging lets the engine work closer to its maximum power and thereby reduces the relative losses due to pumping and friction. The turbocharger is exposed to big temperaturedifferences and heat flows will occur both internally between the turbine and the compressor as well as between the turbocharger and its surroundings. Away to get a better understanding of the behaviour of the turbocharger is to understand the heat flows better. This thesis is therefore aimed at investigating theeffect of heat transfer on the turbocharger. In the thesis, different ways of accountfor the heat transfer within the turbocharger is investigated and a heat transfermodel is presented and validated. The model can be used as a tool to estimate theimportance of different heat flows within the turbocharger. A set of heat transfer coefficients are estimated and the heat transfer is modelled with good accuracyfor high engine loads and speeds.
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Pesiridis, Apostolos. "Turbocharger turbine unsteady aerodynamics with active control." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498148.
Carrasco, Mora Enrique. "Variable Stator Nozzle Angle Control in a Turbocharger Inlet." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174345.
Turbochargers are becoming an essential device in internal combustion engines as they boost the intake air with more pressure in order to increase the power output. These devices are normally designed for a single steady design point but the pulsating flow delivered from the internal combustion engine is everything but steady. The efficiency drop experienced in the off-design points by the fixed geometry turbochargers have made some research groups to look into new variable geometry solutions for turbocharging. A nozzle ring is a device which normally achieves a higher performance under design conditions, but the efficiency rapidly drops at off-design conditions. In this paper, a variable angle nozzle ring is designed and implemented in the model of a radial turbine of a turbocharger in order to study its potential when working under real internal combustion engine cycles. To understand the profit margin the turbine performance is compared with two turbines with the same impeller geometry: one without nozzle ring and one with a nozzle ring with a fixed angle. The results show that the maximum efficiency angle function calculated for the variable angle nozzle ring achieves an improvement in the total efficiency of 5 % when comparing with a turbine with a fixed angle and 18 % when comparing with a vaneless turbine. The improved guidance achieved due to the variable blade angle leads to less turbine losses and therefore more mechanical energy can be extracted from the exhaust mass flow throughout all the combustion cycle but a further study should be made in order to match all the engine operations points. Notably, taking the pulsating boundary conditions into consideration, a remarkable improvement is achieved already for the fixed angle nozzle ring.
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Lindén, Erik, and David Elofsson. "Model-based turbocharger control : A common approach for SI and CI engines." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70288.
In this master’s thesis, a turbine model and a common control structure for theturbocharger for SI and CI-engines is developed. To design the control structure,simulations are done on an existing diesel engine model with VGT. In order tobe able to make simulations for engines with a wastegated turbine, the model isextended to include mass flow and turbine efficiency for that configuration. Thedeveloped model has a mean absolute relative error of 3.6 % for the turbine massflow and 7.4 % for the turbine efficiency. The aim was to control the intake manifoldpressure with good transients and to use the same control structure for VGTand wastegate. By using a common structure, development and calibration timecan be reduced. The non-linearities have been reduced by using an inverted turbinemodel in the control structure, which consists of a PI-controller with feedforward.The controller can be tuned to give a fast response for CI engines and a slowerresponse but with less overshoot for SI engines, which is preferable.
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Bengtsson, Mikael. "A Control-Oriented 0D Model of a Turbocharger Gas Stand Including Heat Transfer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119837.
A turbocharger’s performance is measured in a gas stand in order to provide information of the components characteristics. The measurement procedure is a very time consuming process and it is thus desired to make it more time-efficient. To allow for development of an enhanced control strategy used during the measurements, a 0D model of a gas stand is developed. The physical gas stand components are modeled and validated against measurements, all showing a reasonable result. Turbocharger heat transfers are investigated and modeled using a lumped capacitance approach. The heat transfer models shows approximative results when comparing with measurements which is explained by the lack of temperature measurement made on the bearing housing. When the complete gas stand model is validated against measurements, an improvement of the measurement procedure is examined. By adding an idealized heat source with the possibility to heat the compressor housing, it is possible to reduce the time it takes to reach an equilibrium when switching between two steady state operating points.
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Wadner, Martin. "Co-Simulation of Engine Model and Control System with focus on Turbocharger Model." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81059.
The demands on heavy duty vehicles is constantly raising with government legislations on CO2 emissions becoming stricter and increasing customer demands. A continuous search for new methods and tools is a crucial element in finding more performance and lower emissions, which are prerequisites for heavy duty vehicles of the future. This thesis is conducted at Scania CV AB and aims at proposing a co-simulation setup which implements the engine management system, EMS, for turbocharger control, into engine simulation models that the company uses to simulate the behaviour of their combustion engines. The EMS software for turbocharger control is modelled in a MATLAB Simulink model and the engine simulation model is modelled in GT-SUITE. The thesis is also suggesting improvements to a turbine model that is modelled within the given EMS software. The results suggest a co-simulation setup that enables the engine simulation models to utilize the EMS software for turbocharger control which thereby enhances their ability to predict engine behaviour. The setup can also be used as a tool during the development process for other part of the EMS and could ease the need for physical engine tests in test cell. The suggested improvements to the turbine model revolves around building a model capturing the aspects of a so called twin scroll turbine and also to implement a better estimation of the turbine efficiency. The improvements to the turbine model ultimately leads to improving the response behaviour of the EMS turbocharger control system.
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Cao, Kun. "The development of a pulse-optimized flow control method for turbocharger turbine performance improvement." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44972.
A new turbocharger turbine concept that enhances exhaust energy recovery has been developed; it is known as the ‘rotating vane turbine’ (RVT). It aims to address the negative impact of the pulsating exhaust flow on the turbocharger turbine, so that the exhaust energy can be recovered more efficiently compared to the state of art turbocharging technologies. Different from traditional turbine configurations, in which the nozzle is stationary, the RVT incorporates a rotating nozzle ring at a relatively low speed. It thus minimises the deviation of the turbine incidence angle from the optimal design angle on average through a pulse cycle, it as such leads to an improvement of turbine performance. Two control methods are investigated for the rotating nozzle: a passive self-rotation and one that is controlled from the outside with the use of an external driving turbine. The geometry of the rotating nozzle ring is also optimized to reduce the incidence loss on the nozzle blade under unsteady flow. The new RVT is studied through numerical calculation in order to demonstrate that the rotating nozzle ring can adaptively change the flow angle at the turbine inlet through a pulse cycle. As a result, the turbine operating point is pushed to better performance region with higher turbine efficiency and lower pressure ratio, compared to a traditional stationary nozzle ring. The flow analysis shows that the turbine performance improvement is due to the reduction of the flow separation on the turbine blade under sub-optimal operating conditions. Detailed experimental testing is also carried out to further validate the new concept. Two rotating nozzles with different angles are tested under different flow frequencies, turbine speeds, turbine loads and mass flow rates. As comparisons, stationary vane turbine (SVT) and nozzleless turbine are also tested under the same operating conditions as for RVT. The testing results demonstrate that, the rotating nozzle ring can reduce the amplitude of the flow pulses, thereby reducing the unsteadiness level of the turbine operation. Similar to the simulation results, a significant increase in average turbine efficiency as well as a reduction of turbine pressure ratio are observed for RVT, compared to for SVT or nozzleless turbine. A preliminary study of 1D engine simulation is also carried out to investigate the impact of the new RVT on the engine performance. The simulation results show that, the back pressure of the engine with RVT is reduced based on the same engine power output. This indicates the new RVT can effectively reduce the BSFC of an engine, compared to a traditional SVT.
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Liu, Yuxing. "Systematic Optimization and Control Design for Downsized Boosted Engines with Advanced Turbochargers." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405764571.
Cieslar, Dariusz. "Control for transient response of turbocharged engines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244951.
The concepts of engine downsizing and down-speeding offer reductions in CO2 emissions from passenger cars. These reductions are achieved by reducing pumping and friction losses at part-load operation. Conventionally, rated torque and power for downsized units are recovered by means of turbocharging. The transient response of such engines is, however, affected by the static and dynamic characteristics of the turbo-machinery. Recent advances in engine simulation and control tools have been employed for the purpose of the research reported in this thesis to identify and verify possible air-path enhancements. A systematic method for evaluating various turbocharger assistance concepts is proposed and discussed in this thesis. To ensure a fair comparison of selected candidate systems, an easily reconfigurable controller providing a close-to-optimal operation, while satisfying physical limits, is formulated. This controller is based on the Model Predictive Control framework and uses a linearised mean value model to optimise the predicted behaviour of the engine. Initially, the controller was applied to a 1D simulation model of a conventional light-duty Diesel engine, for which the desired closed-loop features were verified. This procedure was subsequently applied to various air-path enhancement systems. In this thesis, a turbocharger electric assistance and various concepts based on compressed gas injection were considered. The capability of these systems to improve engine response during third gear tip-in manoeuvre was quantified. This investigation was also complemented with a parametric study of how effectively each of the considered methods used its available resources. As a result, injecting compressed gas into the exhaust manifold was identified as an effective method, which to date has attracted limited attention from engine research community. The effectiveness of the exhaust manifold assistance was experimentally verified on a light-duty Diesel engine. The sensitivity of the improvements to compressed gas supply parameters was also investigated. This led to the development of the BREES system: a low component count, compressed gas based system for reducing turbo-lag. It was shown that during braking manoeuvres a tank can be charged to the level sufficient for a subsequent boost assistance event. Such a functionality was implemented with a very limited set of additional components and only minor changes to the standard engine control.
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Mehmood, Adeel. "Modeling, simulation and robust control of an electro-pneumatic actuator for a variable geometry turbocharger." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827445.
The choice of technology for automotive actuators is driven by the need of high power to size ratio. In general, electro-pneumatic actuators are preferred for application around the engine as they are compact, powerful and require simple controlling devices. Specially, Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGTs) are almost always controlled with electro-pneumatic actuators. This is a challenging application because the VGT is an important part of the engine air path and the latter is responsible for intake and exhaust air quality and exhaust emissions control. With government regulations on vehicle pollutant emissions getting stringent by the year, VGT control requirements have also increased. These regulations and requirements can only be fulfilled with precise dynamic control of the VGT through its actuator. The demands on actuator control include robustness against uncertainty in operating conditions, fast and smooth positioning without vibration, limited number of measurements. Added constraints such as nonlinear dynamic behavior of the actuator, friction and varying aerodynamic forces in the VGT render classical control methods ineffective. These are the main problems that form the core of this thesis.In this work, we have addressed the above mentioned problems, using model based control complemented with robust control methods to overcome operational uncertainties and parametric variations. In the first step, a detailed physical model of an electro-pneumatic actuator has been developed; taking into account the nonlinear characteristics originating from air compressibility and friction. Means to compensate for aerodynamic force have been studied and implemented in the next step. These include model parametric adaptation and one dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modeling. The complete model has been experimentally validated and a sensitivity analysis has been conducted to identify the parameters which have the greatest impact upon the actuator's behavior. The detailed simulation model has then been simplified to make it suitable for control purposes while keeping its essential behavioral characteristics (i.e. transients and dynamics). Next, robust controllers have been developed around the model for the control objective of accurate actuator positioning in presence of operational uncertainty. An important constraint in commercial actuators is that they provide output feedback only, as they are only equipped with low-cost position sensors. This hurdle has been overcome by introducing observers in the control loop, which estimate other system states from the output feedback. The estimation and control algorithms have been validated in simulation and experimentally on diesel engine test benches.
Lin, Sicong, Jian Wu, Anwei Zhang, Jujiang Liu, and Jin Hu. "Study on Twin Modes Pilot Control of Turbocharger." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 63–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33829-8_7.
Heidinger, Frederic, Thomas Müller, Mirko Ilievski, and Damian M. Vogt. "Control concept for the partial admission of a turbocharger turbine." In Proceedings, 679–96. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08844-6_46.
Mutra, Rajasekhara Reddy, and J. Srinivas. "Active Vibration Control in Turbocharger Rotor System with the Use of Electromagnetic Actuator." In Advances in Applied Mechanical Engineering, 563–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1201-8_63.
Liu, Pengyuan, Shuxia Miao, Hui Zheng, Xianli Hu, Biao Du, and Jugang He. "The Effect of EMS Calibration on Noise Control of Turbocharger for Gasoline Engine." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 261–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33832-8_20.
Stewart, Greg, Francesco Borrelli, Jaroslav Pekar, David Germann, Daniel Pachner, and Dejan Kihas. "Toward a Systematic Design for Turbocharged Engine Control." In Automotive Model Predictive Control, 211–30. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-071-7_14.
Eriksson, Lars, Johan Wahlström, and Markus Klein. "Physical Modeling of Turbocharged Engines and Parameter Identification." In Automotive Model Predictive Control, 53–71. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-071-7_4.
Pantelelis, N. G., A. E. Kanarachos, and N. Gotzias. "Neural Networks for the Model Identification of Naval Turbochargers." In Computational Intelligence in Systems and Control Design and Applications, 277–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9040-7_26.
Liu, Qiang, Zhongchang Liu, Jing Tian, Yongqiang Han, Jun Wang, and Jian Fang. "Optimization of Control Strategy for Turbocharged Diesel Engine Under Transient Condition." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1093–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3648-5_138.
Payri, F., J. Galindo, and J. R. Serrano. "Variable Geometry Turbine Modelling and Control for Turbocharged Diesel Engine Transient Operation." In Thermo- and Fluid-dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines, 189–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04925-9_11.
Kominek, Andreas, Herbert Werner, Maiko Garwon, and Matthias Schultalbers. "Identification of Low-Complexity LPV Input–Output Models for Control of a Turbocharged Combustion Engine." In Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, 445–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1833-7_17.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Turbocharger control":
1
Shu, Yong, and Michiel van Nieuwstadt. "Two-Stage Turbocharger Modeling for Engine Control and Estimation." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43041.
The increasingly stringent emissions regulations and needs for higher power density for both turbo-diesel passenger vehicle and commercial vehicles have demanded significant alterations to the basic architecture of turbochargers. An attractive option for providing a high-boost system is the use of two-stage turbocharger which consists of two different size turbochargers connected in series that may or may not utilize bypass regulation. The exhaust mass flow is expanded by the high pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine, and on the other side the air flow is compressed through the low pressure compressor to the high pressure compressor. This increases the complexity of the air-charging system and requires new methodologies for modeling and control. A two-stage turbocharger model is presented in this paper. The total efficiency of the two-stage compressor, which poses the biggest problem in two-stage turbocharger modeling, was derived based on a second law analysis. A new parameter, compressor temperature ratio, was introduced as a linkage between the two stage compressors and also used to predict the two-stage compressor outlet temperature. Extrapolation to lower turbocharger speeds and compressor flow rates by using curve fitting methods was also discussed. The model for a two-stage turbine with a bypass valve is derived in the same way. Engine dynamometer tests have been performed to identify the model parameters and to validate the model structure. The test results show a good agreement between the model predictions and test data. In conclusion, this two stage turbocharger model is suitable for turbocharger control design and the estimation of some key turbocharger parameters.
2
Åbom, Mats, and Raimo Kabral. "Turbocharger Noise - Generation and Control." In SAE Brasil International Noise and Vibration Colloquium 2014. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-36-0802.
Serrano, José Ramón, Francisco José Arnau, Luis Miguel García-Cuevas, Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova, Stephane Guilain, and Samuel Batard. "A Methodology for Measuring Turbocharger Adiabatic Maps in a Gas-Stand and its Usage for Calibrating Control Oriented and 1D Models at Early ICE Design Stages." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7125.
Abstract Turbocharged engines are the standard architecture for designing efficient spark ignition and compression ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE). Turbochargers characterization and modeling are basic tasks for the analysis and prediction of the whole engine system performance and this information is needed in quite early stages of the engine design. Turbocharger characteristics (efficiency, pressure ratio, mass flow rates...) traditionally rely in maps of pseudo non-dimensional variables called reduced variables. These maps must be used by reciprocating ICE designer and modeler not only for benchmarking of the turbocharger, but for a multiplicity of purposes, i.e: assessing engine back-pressure, boost pressure, load transient response, after-treatment inlet temperature, intercooler inlet temperature, low pressure EGR temperature, ... Maps of reduced variables are measured in gas-stands with steady flow but non-standardized fluids conditioning; neither temperatures nor flows. In concrete: turbine inlet gas temperature; lubrication-oil flow and temperature; water-cooling flow and turbo-machinery external heat transfer are non-standardized variables which have a big impact in assessing said multiplicity of purposes. Moreover, adiabatic efficiency, heat losses and friction losses are important data, hidden in the maps of reduced variables, which depend on the testing conditions as much as on the auxiliary fluids temperature and flow rate. In this work it is proposed a methodology to standardize turbochargers testing based in measuring the maps twice: in close to adiabatic and in diathermal conditions. Along the paper it is discussed with special detail the impact of the procedure followed to achieve said quasi-adiabatic conditions in both the energy balance of the turbocharger and the testing complexity. As a conclusion, the paper proposes a methodology which combines quasi-adiabatic tests (cold and hot gas flow) with diathermal tests (hot gas flow) in order to extract from a turbocharger gas-stand all information needed by engine designers interested in controlling or 1D-modelling the ICE. The methodology is completed with a guide for calibrating said control-oriented turbocharger models in order to separate aerodynamic efficiency (adiabatic) from heat transfer losses and from friction losses in the analysis of the turbocharger performance. The outsourced calibration of the turbocharger model allows avoiding uncertainties in the global ICE model calibration, what is very interesting for turbochargers benchmarking at early ICE-turbo matching stages or for global system analysis at early control design stages.
4
Stricker, Karla, Lyle Kocher, Ed Koeberlein, D. G. Van Alstine, and Greg Shaver. "Turbocharger Map Reduction for Control-Oriented Modeling." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5992.
The gas exchange process in a modern diesel engine is generally modeled using manufacturer-provided performance maps that describe mass flows through, and efficiencies of, the turbine and compressor. These maps are typically implemented as look-up tables requiring multiple interpolations based on pressure ratios across the turbine and compressor, as well as the turbocharger shaft speed. In the case of variable-geometry turbochargers, the nozzle position is also an input to these maps. This method of interpolating or extrapolating data is undesirable when modeling for estimation and control, and though there have been several previous efforts to reduce dependence on turbomachinery maps, many of these approaches are complex and not easily implemented in engine control systems. As such, the aim of this paper is to reduce turbocharger maps to analytical functions for models amenable to estimation and control.
5
Zeng, Tao, Yifan Men, Devesh Upadhyay, and Guoming Zhu. "Energy Availability Study for a Regenerative Hydraulically Assisted Turbocharger." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9134.
Engine downsizing and down-speeding are essential to meet future US fuel economy mandates. While turbocharging has been a critical enabler for downsizing, transient boost response performance remains a concern even with variable geometry turbochargers. This slow build-up of boost and hence torque is commonly referred to as turbo-lag. Mitigation of turbo-lag has, therefore, remained an important objective of turbocharger performance enhancement research. A regenerative, hydraulically assisted turbocharger is one such enhanced turbocharging system that is able regulate the turbocharger speed independent of the available engine exhaust energy. With external power available on the turbocharger shaft, the engine performance and emissions can be managed during both transient and steady-state operations. The key to fully utilizing the ability of such an assisted turbocharger depends on the energy recovered from turbocharger shaft and/or vehicle driveline. Energy available from the turbocharger shaft is dependent on the engine exhaust gas energy. Energy recovered from the driveline depends on vehicle braking energy. A previously developed high-fidelity 1-D simulation of a diesel engine with a regenerative-hydraulically assisted turbocharger is used to investigate the energy availability for a medium duty diesel engine over standard driving cycles. The study shows that the energy recovery from turbocharger shaft is limited and driveline energy recovery is necessary for achieving fuel economy benefits on the order of 4%.
6
Avola, Calogero, Pavlos Dimitriou, Richard Burke, and Colin Copeland. "Preliminary DoE Analysis and Control of Mapping Procedure for a Turbocharger on an Engine Gas-Stand." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56466.
The use of turbochargers on both gasoline and diesel engines is started to become a common strategy to comply with stringent limits on CO2. The main action towards lowering fuel consumption of powertrains is achieved by reduction of engine size and number of cylinders, annexed to the lower friction. However, this is directly linked to the worsening of deliverable output power under the natural aspirated configuration. Therefore, turbocharging is often adopted to overcome this problem where useful energy contained in the exhaust gasses is used to increase the air density at the intake. The increase in power from a natural aspirated configuration is a direct consequence of higher fuel quantity to be injected. In order to pursue a systematic evaluation of the powertrain system, engine, turbochargers and auxiliary components are included into 1D models. Several conditions can be simulated without the need of an extensive test plan. In 1D software like Ricardo Wave, turbochargers performance are imposed as input. These are previously measured in appropriate turbocharger gas-stand where hot or cold air is blown through the turbine while load on compressor is controlled by adjusting a back pressure valve. Compressor and turbine maps are generated for constant speed lines which are corrected for total temperature. Pressure ratio, mass flow and isentropic efficiency are also monitored as parameters to characterize performance maps of turbomachinery. In gas-stands, steady flow conditions are imposed at compressor and turbine. However, in turbocharged engines, pulsating flows induced by the engine valvetrain disturb continuously turbocharger conditions during the engine cycle. In fact, the effects that the conditions of the engine air-path could have on the turbocharger operations are excluded from the system modelling. In this study, an appropriate engine gas-stand has been developed in order to improve the accuracy on estimating the turbine extraction power in 1D powertrain simulations. In addition, future analyses on turbocharger transient operations could be investigated. The compressor outlet has been disconnected from the 2.2L Diesel engine intake so that the load on turbocharger and engine can be independently controlled. In order to extend the engine capability in delivering mass flow and pressure at the turbine inlet, an external boost rig has been installed with the capability to control pressure, mass flow and temperature at the engine intake. In a first instance, a 1D model of the system including turbomachinery, Diesel engine and boost rig has been developed using the commercial platform Ricardo Wave. In this way, a preliminary DoE study of the entire system has been performed in order to evaluate the effects of parameters and actuators on the turbocharger operations. Additionally, the control of the rig has been tested by confirming the previous DoE study. Approaches to create turbochargers maps are shown. Last section of the paper focuses on turbine pulsations and the interpretation of efficiency calculated in experiments and simulations.
7
Xiao, Baitao, Julia H. Buckland, and Amey Karnik. "Frequency Separation Control of Series Sequential Boosting System With Electric Supercharger and Turbocharger." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5119.
To improve transient torque response of an aggressively downsized turbocharged SI engine a series sequential boosting configuration that utilizes an electrically driven supercharger to assist the main turbocharger compressor is controlled in this paper. A frequency separation controller is designed to decouple the dynamics of the multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system. The controller separates the electric supercharger and turbocharger control actions into different frequency bands that are well suited for the characteristics of each device. The controller can be easily implemented with traditional decentralized single input single output (SISO) control loops. Significant improvements to the baseline turbocharger only system in transient boost pressure response are observed both in simulation and in vehicle test results. Transitions between the electric supercharger and turbocharger are smooth, without noticeable disturbances, with good coordination between electric supercharger and wastegate control actions.
8
Pesiridis, Apostolos, and Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas. "Experimental Evaluation of the Active Control Turbocharger Prototype Under Simulated Engine Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23151.
The current paper presents the results from a comprehensive set of experimental tests on the first prototype active control turbocharger allowing a final evaluation of the first prototype of the active control turbocharger to be gained in a simulated-engine test rig conditions (since hot engine exhaust flow was simulated through equivalent compressed air cold flow test conditions). Data was obtained throughout the turbocharger speed and load range during unsteady operation. Three modes of testing were employed: FGT (Fixed Geometry Turbocharger), VGT (Variable Geometry Turbocharger) and ACT (Active Control Turbocharger). FGT and VGT tests were employed as a reference (of turbochargers predominantly in use today) against which ACT performance was compared. The effects of phasing the variable area device at 30°, 60°, 90° and 240° relative to the pulse generator opening time were assessed. Overall, the Active Control Turbocharger provided encouraging results in terms of the benefit in actual power recovered. The current system is penalised by an inefficient area-regulating design, but it was the easiest and most reliable method to carry out the investigation with, in this first prototype attempt. ACT offers a distinct potential for increased internal combustion engine power output compared to current state-of-the-art, VGT-equipped engines.
9
Moraal, Paul, and Ilya Kolmanovsky. "Turbocharger Modeling for Automotive Control Applications." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0908.
Ikeya, Nobuyuki, Tetsuya Tomita, Daiji Ishihara, Hideaki Matsuoka, and Fusayoshi Nakamura. "Variable Geometry Turbocharger with Electronic Control." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890645.
