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1
Alfie, Miriam C. "Supervía poniente: conflicto social y visión urbano-ambiental / West Superhighway: Social Conflict and Urban-Environmental Perspective." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v28i3.1452.
Анотація:
En este texto se analiza el conflicto socio-espacial suscitado por el proyecto conocido como la “Supervía”, con objeto de explorar cómo se ha transformado el perfil de la Ciudad de México en aspectos tales como la movilidad, los espacios públicos y la infraestructura, así como en relación a la diversidad de nuevos actores sociales, organismos de defensa de derechos humanos y organizaciones de la sociedad civil, entre otros. Se rescata la concepción del espacio urbano marcado por la desigualdad y el conflicto, donde confluyen procesos productivos de urbanización y construcción con elementos sociales de producción, intercambio y reproducción. El texto contribuye a entender el desarrollo del conflicto en torno al proyecto de la Supervía, la construcción de movimientos a su favor y en su contra, las identidades adquiridas y la falta de planeación urbana, así como los graves problemas de vialidad que presenta la Ciudad de México. Especial atención recibe el impacto ambiental que la carretera urbana ha provocado, así como los mecanismos de mediación y compensación practicados en la negociación del conflicto. AbstractThis paper analyzes the socio-spatial conflict caused by the project known as the “Superhighway,” in order to explore how it has transformed the profile of Mexico City in aspects such as mobility, public spaces and infrastructure and the link with the range of new social actors and human rights and civil society organizations. It explores the conception of urban space marked by inequality and conflict, where urbanization and construction coexist with social elements of production, exchange and reproduction. The text helps to explain the development of the conflict over the Superhighway project, the creation of movements for and against it, the identities acquired and the lack of urban planning, as well as Mexico City’s severe traffic problems. Special attention is paid to the environmental impact of the urban highway as well as the mediation and compensation mechanisms implemented during the negotiation of the conflict.
2
Sopandi, Andi, Yogi Suprayogi Sugandhi, and Wahyu Gunawan. "Model of Building Institutional Networks in Early Prevention of Social Conflicts in Urban Area of Bekasi." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.881.
Анотація:
This study discusses Building an Institutional Network for Early Prevention of Social Conflict in urban areas, a case study in Bekasi City, West Java Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) to study the institutional network pattern of early prevention of social conflicts (conflicts over erection of places of worship, conflicts of a Primodial nature, and conflict of economic interests) in urban areas, especially Bekasi City, based on three institutional pillars, namely the Regulative pillar, Normative pillars, and Cognitive-cultural Pillars as stated by Scott (2001); (2) analyze other aspects that affect the institutional network in the early prevention system of social conflict in urban areas; and (3) examines the model of institutional networks in early social conflict prevention systems in urban areas. The research method used to explore and identify building institutional networks in early prevention in urban areas is qualitative. The model of building an institutional network in the early prevention of social conflict in urban areas, is very dependent on the set structure, which was developed, including.
3
Zmyślony, Piotr, Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł, and Monika Dembińska. "Deconstructing the Overtourism-Related Social Conflicts." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041695.
Анотація:
The debate on overtourism still lacks conceptual precision in its delineation of the constituent elements and processes. In particular, conflict theory is rarely adopted, even though the social conflict is inscribed into the nature of this phenomenon. This article aims to frame the discussion about (over)tourism within the perspective of social conflict theory by adopting the conflict deconstructing methods in order to diagnose the constructs and intensity of disputes associated with overtourism. In pursuit of this aim, the study addresses the following two research questions: (1) To what extent has the heuristic power of the conflict theory been used in overtourism discourse? and (2) How can overtourism be measured by the nature of the social conflicts referring to urban tourism development? The systematic literature review was conducted to analyze research developments on social conflicts within the overtourism discourse. In the empirical section (the case studies of the Polish cities, Krakow and Poznan), we deconstruct the social conflicts into five functional causes (i.e., values, relationship, data, structural, and interests) to diagnose the nature of the conflicts with respect to urban tourism development. This study shows that value conflicts impact most intensively on the nature and dynamics of the conflicts related to overtourism.
4
Wang, Yiming, and Pengcheng Xiang. "Investigate the Conduction Path of Stakeholder Conflict of Urban Regeneration Sustainability in China: the Application of Social-Based Solutions." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 5271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195271.
Анотація:
Urban regeneration, as an important way to enhance urban sustainable development capacity, is advancing at a high speed in China. However, urban regeneration involves various stakeholders, and there are frequent conflicts between these stakeholders due to the vast differences in their interests. When conflicts among stakeholders are not effectively controlled, they can have serious negative social and economic impacts, such as increased pressure on the government to maintain stability, increased costs to developers and reduced willingness of property owners to participate. These are all critical factor affecting the sustainability of urban regeneration. Therefore, this paper explored the mechanism underlying stakeholder conflict conduction in urban regeneration. Next, a literature review and case study were conducted to identify key conflict factors. Then, the factors of stakeholder conflict were assessed using questionnaire survey. Finally, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the pathways of stakeholder conflict conduction in urban regeneration; and 35 conflict conduction paths were found. Based on Pareto’s Law, 7 of the 35 stakeholder conflict paths were identified as critical paths with coefficients between 0.245–0.364. Empirical results revealed that different types of conflict factors have different impacts on stakeholder conflict conduction, among which interest distribution and stakeholder coordination were the critical factors to be considered. The findings provide alternatives Social-Based Solutions (SBS) for resolving stakeholder conflicts and provide practical guidance for integrating stakeholders, which is important to ensuring the sustainability of urban regeneration.
5
Babintsev, Valentin, Galina Gaidukova, Alexey Ushamirskiy, Zhanna Shapova, and Marina Pastyuk. "Peculiarities of urban youth interests’ realization in social conflicts." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015905004.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the problem of urban youth interest’s realization in the sphere of social conflicts, which is a critical situation determined on the one hand, by the overall logic of socio-cultural development, and, on the other, by the specifics of youth’s participation in the processes of social interaction. According to the research, the conflict is one of the obligatory parts for the social interaction functioning. In relation to youth, it is a condition that ensures its socialization and identification. Based on the interpretation results of questionnaire survey the features of behavioral attitudes of young citizens at the main stages of the genesis conflict were identified: the emergence of an obstacle in the implementation of interest, the reaction to this obstacle, the choice of the conflict type as a way to resolve a difficult life situation, the definition of a behavioral strategy in the conflict and its implementation. The results show that social conflict is considered by youth not only as a means of overcoming obstacles that arise in the implementation of their interests, but also as the way to attract attention to their problems and present personal ideas.
6
Sharp, Elaine B. "A Comparative Anatomy of Urban Social Conflict." Political Research Quarterly 50, no. 2 (June 1997): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/448957.
7
Choi, Moon-Bo, Jeong-Kyu Kim, and Jong-Wook Lee. "Urban conflict by social wasps in Seoul." Entomological Research 41, no. 6 (November 2011): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2011.00369.x.
8
Sharp, Elaine B. "A Comparative Anatomy of Urban Social Conflict." Political Research Quarterly 50, no. 2 (June 1997): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000201.
9
Casas Álvarez, José Gustavo. "Identidad social en la periferia urbana. Nosotros y la metrópoli / Social identity in urban periphery. We and the metropoli." Revista Trace, no. 73 (January 26, 2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.73.2018.89.
Анотація:
Resumen:En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de las narrativas de identidad, de habitantes en una localidad en conflicto. Los resultados presentados tienen como contexto los procesos de transformación del territorio por la construcción de un conjunto de interés social. Las narrativas de identidad, recopiladas en trabajo de campo manifestaron los procesos de conservación, cambio y resistencia entre lo rural y lo urbano en el municipio de Chalco, Estado de México.Résumé:Cet article présente les analyses des récits d'identité, d'une ville avec leur population en conflit. Les résultats présentés ont comme contexte, le processus de transformation du territoire par la construction d'un ensemble de maisons d'intérêt social. Les récits d'identité, résumées dans ce travail de terrain manifestent le processus de conservation, le changement et la résistance entre le milieu rural et urbain dans la municipalité de Chalco, État de Mexico.Abstract:This paper presents the analyses of identity narratives, of a town with their population in conflict. The results presented have like context the transformation process the territory by the construction of a set of houses of social interest. The identity narratives, summarized in this field work manifested the process of conservation, change and resistance between the rural and urban in the municipality of Chalco, State of Mexico.
10
Budnik, Maria, Katrin Grossmann, and Christoph Hedtke. "Migration-Related Conflicts as Drivers of Institutional Change?" Urban Planning 6, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i2.3800.
Анотація:
This article examines the role of social conflicts in the context of migration and discusses the relation between such conflicts and institutional change. We understand conflicts as tensions that evoke contradiction between different social groups or institutional actors. Varied urban contexts together with dynamic immigration of heterogeneous population groups can induce negotiation processes that affect institutional settings and actors. Conflicts have therefore been an integral part of urban coexistence, and cities have always been places where these conflicts play out. We assume that conflicts are social phenomena, which have multiple causes and effects. Public assumptions about conflicts in connection with migration often have a negative or destructive impetus, while conflict theory ascribes to conflicts potential positive effects on societal change. Conflicts can represent forms of socialization and the possibility of adapting or changing social conditions. This article discusses the extent to which migration-related conflicts induce institutional change. Using qualitative empirical results from the BMBF-funded research project MigraChance, we present a case study that reconstructs the emergence and course of a conflict surrounding the construction of a Syriac-Orthodox church in Bebra (Hesse) in the 1990s. Analyzing this conflict both in depth and in relation to its local context, we show that migration is only one part of what we refer to as migration-related conflicts, and we shed light on the complexity of factors that can result in institutional change. Change can also occur indirectly, in small steps, and with ambivalent normative implications.
11
Bettmann, Ellen Hoheimer, and Pamela Moore. "Conflict Resolution Programs and Social Justice." Education and Urban Society 27, no. 1 (November 1994): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124594027001004.
12
Costa, Heloisa Soares de Moura. "Desenvolvimento urbano sustentável: uma contradição de termos?" Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no. 2 (March 31, 2000): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2000n2p55.
Анотація:
Poucos conceitos têm sido tão amplamente utilizados como o de desenvolvimento sustentável, num aparente consenso revelador mais de imprecisão do que de clareza em torno de seu significado. Com base em uma revisão de abordagens recentes, argumenta-se que a noção de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável traz consigo conflitos teóricos de difícil, porém não impossível, reconciliação: a) entre as trajetórias da análise ambiental e da análise urbana que, originando-se em áreas do conhecimento diferentes, confluíram na proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) entre formulações teóricas e propostas de intervenção, traduzindo-se no distanciamento entre análise social/urbana crítica e planejamento urbano. São examinadas propostas de planejamento que adotam o discurso e/ou pressupostos de sustentabilidade urbana, discutindo exemplos da literatura internacional — as cidades compactas européias, o movimento californiano por cidades sustentáveis — e, no caso brasileiro, a experiência recente de planejamento urbano em Belo Horizonte.Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; desenvolvimento sustentável; meio ambiente; política urbana. Abstract: Few concepts have been so widely adopted as sustainable urban development, an apparent consensus revealing more imprecision than coherence of meaning. The paper discusses some aspects of such theoretical and conceptual fragility as a contribution to building an alternative for the future. The concept is considered to have been worn out by excessive fashionable repetition. The paper argues, however, based on a review of recent approaches ranging from political economy to the contributions of political ecology and post-structuralism, that the concept of sustainable urban development embodies conflicts that are difficult but not impossible to solve: a) the conflict between the different origins of and paths followed by environmental analysis and urban analysis, both converging on the proposition of sustainable development; b) the conflict between theory and practice represented by the growing distance between critical social/urban analysis and urban planning. Finally, some planning proposals are examined as examples of adoption of the discourse and assumptions of sustainable development. They are the European compact city proposal; the Californian sustainable cities movement; and, in the Brazilian case, the recent urban planning experience in Belo Horizonte.Keywords: urban planning; sustainable development; environment; urban policy.
13
Murtagh, Brendan, Andrew Grounds, Philip Boland, and Linda Fox-Rogers. "Urban restructuring, social economics and violence after conflict." Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 4, no. 2-3 (May 4, 2019): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2019.1674184.
14
Stepanova, Olga, and Magdalena Romanov. "Urban Planning as a Strategy to Implement Social Sustainability Policy Goals? The Case of Temporary Housing for Immigrants in Gothenburg, Sweden." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041720.
Анотація:
Planning is one of the envisioned strategies for reaching policy goals of urban social sustainability. However, the practical realization of this vision faces a number of challenges not least due to conflicts of interests and goals that arise in the planning process. There also seems to be a lack of understanding of the relationship between formal planning and social sustainability goals that are often normative and visionary. In order to bridge this knowledge gap, this paper investigates how urban social sustainability can be implemented in urban planning in the context of conflicts of interests and goals. In particular, we explore two questions: (i) whether and how planning procedures are interconnected with local policy goals for social sustainability; (ii) whether and how conflict affects the implementation of these goals through planning. The paper presents a qualitative case study of planning of temporary housing for immigrants in Gothenburg, Sweden, where a conflict of interests developed in conjunction with the planning. The local social sustainability goals are operationalized through the specific sub-goals of accessible and more equal living conditions, distribution of and equal access to housing for all groups in the community, and reduced social and ethnic segregation and discrimination in regard to housing. We identify shortcomings in the integration of local urban social sustainability goals into planning procedures and find that conflicts of interests as well as conflicts of priorities within and between the policy goals complicate their integration into formal planning procedures. More attention needs to be given to improved operationalization of the questions of priority and conflict resolution, both in planning and in urban social sustainability policy, if planning is to be considered a viable strategy for implementation of social sustainability goals.
15
Zmyślony, Piotr, and Marta Pilarczyk. "Identification of overtourism in Poznań through the analysis of social conflicts." Studia Periegetica 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3169.
Анотація:
The purpose of the article is twofold: to diagnose tourism-related conflicts occurring in Poznań by identifying their intensity and key parties, and to determine the capacity of the key stakeholders in the city’s tourism system to mitigate these disputes. Because of its complex nature, overtourism in cities is a dangerous phenomenon, which is very hard to measure. Like other social conflicts, the intensity and development of overtourism can be measured by analysing tourism-related conflicts in the urban space, using tools offered by conflict management theories, especially Christopher Moore’s Circle of Conflict model. Conflict issues identified by the author are associated with the uncontrolled consumption of the city’s overall offering, which is manifested by the behaviour of city inhabitants, visitors from the metropolitan area, and tourists. The article contributes to the literature on overtourism by proposing an alternative method of identifying the scope and intensity of overtourism in the absence of objective measures and data. The author also proposes a method of evaluating key stakeholders’ capacity for conflict management in Poznań.
16
Daiute, Colette, Ellie Buteau, and Caren Rawlins. "Social-Relational Wisdom: Developmental Diversity in Children’s Written Narratives About Social Conflict." Narrative Inquiry 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.11.2.03dai.
Анотація:
Research has focused on perspective-coordination as a central mechanism and achievement of social development. Theorists have raised questions about whether and how cultural, social, and personal experiences affect such a process. Children from historically discriminated backgrounds, for example, have reasons to be especially knowledgeable about the perspectives of others, but whether and how such knowledge complicates normative developmental patterns requires further inquiry. This paper describes “narrative social wisdom,” extending cognitive-developmental notions of perspective-coordination with a discourse analysis of 224 autobiographical and fictional narratives about social conflict by 56 children identifying as African American (15), Latino (16), and White (25) in 3rd and 5th grades in urban schools. Analyses illustrate social wisdom in children’s context-sensitive representations of conflicts, in particular, via dramatic within- and across-group differences in representations of conflict resolution processes. Notable contrasts include the greater complexity of conflict strategies in autobiographical narratives by African American children compared to relatively elaborated conflict strategies in fictional narratives by White children. These and other results illustrate how children juggle resources from sociocultural histories with requirements of mainstream institutions. Conflict representations in fictional narratives were, moreover, consistent with cognitive developmental theory, but, as predicted, autobiographical narratives captured diversities that alter developmental patterns. We discuss the relevance of these results for theory and practice around social relational development and skills.
17
Pilgun, Maria A. "Semantic representation and perception of network aggression: Urban digital communication." Media Linguistics 7, no. 4 (2020): 462–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2020.407.
Анотація:
The article presents the results of a study of digital content reflecting conflicting urban communications related to road construction in Moscow. The empirical base of the study was data from social networks, microblogs, blogs, messengers, forums, reviews, and videos dedicated to the construction of transport interchange hubs (TPU). Date of material collection: 1.08.19 00:00 — 30.09.19 23:59. We used a multimodal approach to analyze the content of social media using neural network technologies, text analysis, content analysis, sentimental analysis, and psycholinguistic techniques. As a result of the research, the analysis of residents’ perception of the implementation of these construction projects was carried out, as well as social stress in the construction areas was identified, and the risks of conflicts with the population of Moscow were assessed when planning and conducting construction works. The analysis showed that five objects (TPU Varshavskaya, TPU Dmitrovskaya, TPU Nekrasovka, TPU Pyatnitskoe shosse, TPU Ryazan) do not have risks during implementation, the content differs in the absence of aggression and social tension. TPU Nagatinskaya is characterized by an average degree of social stress. A high degree of social tension is caused by the projects of TPU Michurinsky Prospekt and TPU Khovrino. Thus, the analysis allowed us to predict the absence of conflicts with the population in the implementation of the projects of TPU Varshavskaya, TPU Dmitrovskaya, TPU Nekrasovka, TPU Pyatnitskoe highway, TPU Ryazan. The construction of TPU Nagatinskaya and TPU Khovrino causes social tension, but conflict is expected only in the virtual environment. The content of the TPU Michurinsky Prospekt should be defined as a conflict-prone digital zone with a high degree of social stress, and the escalation of conflict between residents and city authorities, builders, both in the online and offline space should be predicted.
18
von Glahn, Richard. "Municipal Reform and Urban Social Conflict in Late Ming Jiangnan." Journal of Asian Studies 50, no. 2 (May 1991): 280–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057209.
Анотація:
Hilistorians seeking the stirrings of urban social and political consciousness in China usually have turned to the convulsive century between 1550 and 1650, when the rapid pace of commercial growth and urbanization began to generate new economic tensions fraught with political implications. This period witnessed an unprecedented series of urban protests in the commercial and industrial centers of China, in Jiangnan in particular. Some scholars have viewed these protests as evidence of a nascent urban consciousness which united “bourgeois” intellectuals and urban workers against the panoply of feudal obligations imposed by the Ming state (Fu Yiling 1957:109–21; Tanaka 1984:189–91; Yuan 1979:296, 310). Others have stressed the accelerating trend toward absolutism in the late Ming and the emergence of a cross-class alliance opposed to the arbitrary exercise of state power (Miyazaki 1957:351–56). Common to both of these interpretations is a blurring of class lines and a polarization between state and society—or, more precisely, between the state and urban communities—which fostered urban political solidarity.
19
Contin, Mabel Irma. "La construcción social del paisaje cultural. Entre el Paseo del Bosque y el Estadio de Estudiantes de La Plata / The Social Construction of the Cultural Landscape. Between Paseo del Bosque and La Plata Students’ Stadium." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v26i2.1387.
Анотація:
Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre las transformaciones y tensiones en el espacio público central cuyo propósito ha sido descubrir, finalmente, los valores en juego en la gestión contemporánea del paisaje cultural urbano. Dicha investigación toma como caso de estudio la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina) y su principal parque urbano, el Paseo del Bosque. Éste contiene en uno de sus bordes al estadio de fútbol del Club Estudiantes de La Plata, uno de los equipos emblemáticos de la ciudad, cuyo proyecto de renovación ha originado un conflicto urbano de una dificultad sin precedentes.AbstractThis article presents the results of the research on the transformations and tensions of the central public space designed to discover the values at stake in contemporary management of the urban cultural landscape. The case study in this research is the city of La Plata (Argentina) and its main urban park, Paseo del Bosque. At the edge of the park stands the stadium of La Plata Students’ football club, one of the most emblematic teams in the city. The project for its renewal has triggered a highly complex urban conflict.
20
Verloo, Nanke, and Diane Davis. "The Phenomenology of Change: How Conflict Drives Urban Transformation." Built Environment 47, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.1.119.
Анотація:
Here we propose a new methodology for learning from conflict, referred to as a 'phenomenology of change' approach. This framework can be used to ascertain how, why, and under what conditions conflicts can lead to social, spatial, and political transformations in the urban built environment. This approach builds on examination of ongoing struggles and actions undertaken by citizens and urban governing officials during conflict. It uses this evidence to document whether and how authority is renegotiated as well as the conditions under which the issues under contention and the identity positions of stakeholders will positively or negatively impact the likelihood of built environmental change. Drawing on the five case studies in the special issue, we come to four general conclusions. 1. Change is more likely when actors strategically combine one action repertoire with another. 2. Conflicts over space are particularly well suited to the formation of institutionalized engagement processes for renegotiating authority, thus making change more probable. 3. Despite the importance of negotiating with institutions during conflict, opportunities to engage in such processes are not equally distributed among all races and classes of citizen. 4. The temporality of conflict – that is, the length of struggle – has a direct bearing on both the likelihood and durability of change. The article concludes with a focus on the roles of urban professionals in mediating conflict, reflecting on their relations with both citizens and governing authorities, and discussing how insights drawn from a phenomenology of change framework can be used by professionals to enhance desired transformations in the urban built environment.
21
Fox, Sean, and Jo Beall. "Mitigating Conflict and Violence in African Cities." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 30, no. 6 (December 2012): 968–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c11333j.
Анотація:
The process of urbanisation has historically been associated with both socioeconomic development and social strain. Although there is little evidence that urbanisation per se increases the likelihood of conflict or violence in a country, in recent decades Africa has experienced exceptional rates of urban population growth in a context of economic stagnation and poor governance, producing conditions conducive to social unrest and violence. In order to improve urban security in the years ahead, the underlying risk factors must be addressed, including urban poverty, inequality, and fragile political institutions. This, in turn, requires improving urban governance in the region by strengthening the capacity of local government institutions, addressing the complex political dynamics that impede effective urban planning and management, and cultivating integrated development strategies that involve cooperation between various tiers and spheres of government and civil society.
22
Fitriantoro, Muchamad Imam. "Drivers of Conflict in Urban Infrastructure: Case Study of the New Yogyakarta Airport." Jurnal Politik 6, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jp.v6i1.214.
Анотація:
The study discusses the drivers of conflict in the construction of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) in Temon, Kulon Progo, using a politico-economic framework. This research employs the theory of land-based elite domination of urban growth machines and theories that explain the drivers of conflicts caused by construction and development of infrastructure. The findings of this study show that the conflict was driven by disagreements on land resource that emerged from the government’s ambition to respond to the pressure to transform the rural lands in the region into an urban area under the concepts of aerotropolis and MICE. The pressure came from the interests of local and national elite groups, which complemented the extant problem of domination of land ownership by the local political elites of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Thus, the conflict was related to not only the development of infrastructure but also a land conflict that arose from urban development policies. The other drivers of the conflict include poor governance of the project and social factors.
23
Glukhova, Aleksandra. "City Conflicts in Modern Russia: A New Issue in the Old Context." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.16.
Анотація:
The author notes that the political potential of sub-state formations is growing. It means that regions and cities became more powerful in public governance in the modern world. Locals become political agents on the international level. I.e. the practice of the involvement of citizens in the management process became wider (grassroots technology, where their knowledge and competencies are enough to solve many pressing problems). At the same time, in emerging conflicts, the city authorities in the West are strictly guided by the norms of the current legislation and ideas about the public good. In Russian public policy, on the contrary, there is a lack of normal communication between the government and public groups, a respectful dialogue, and a joint search for solutions to troubling problems. The federal and city authorities, as a rule, are not interested in increasing the social activity of Russians, which does not contribute in solving conflicts. This strategy led, on the contrary, to new activism. Conflict cases in the urban community are dominated by endogenous factors, mainly based on communication defects of the urban management system. The author concludes that the key factors of urban conflict are related to the activities of local authorities, which, due to objective reasons (limited resources) and subjective reasons (inattention to the interests of citizens), do not fulfill their functions of stabilizing the socio-political area of the urban community . Positive consequences of urban conflicts, including good communication between contractors; detente of social tension in the urban environment; development of rules and norms of interaction in a conflict situation ("rules of the game") are manifested to a much lesser extent. This creates the base for the future social and political divisions in the city. External, exogenous influences and restrictions are primarily determined by the nature resources and "the main line" of the regional policy according to the Federation. The main conflict factors are the sharp gap in the standard of living of residents of the capital and the regions, as well as the de facto colonial policy of the Center promoting "Varangians" from Moscow to the posts of regional governors and mayors, while completely ignoring the interests of local establishment and public opinion.
24
Zmyślony, Piotr, and Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł. "Urban tourism hypertrophy: who should deal with it? The case of Krakow (Poland)." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-07-2018-0051.
Анотація:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze the phenomenon of urban tourism hypertrophy (UTH) in the context of the process of tourism-related social conflicts formation; and second, to discuss the extent to which destination management organizations (DMOs) are prepared to take responsibilities and actions undertaken in this process.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts conflict management (CM) theory as a framework for discussing UTH within the city context. The paper then analyzes the empirical example of social conflict in Kraków (Poland) to assess the predispositions of key institutions engaged in destination governance to lead CM process triggered by UTH. The Circle of Conflict approach proposed by C. Moore (The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict, Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA, 2014) is utilized as the main application method.FindingsThe study shows that DMO is the most appropriate entity to deal with UTH as a conflict manager; however, it has insufficient resources to fulfill all requirements relating to that role. Therefore, the range of responsibilities and roles of the contemporary DMOs should be completed with CM as the permanent task during UTH crisis.Research limitations/implicationsThe example study was based on interviews carried out with a limited number of informants. Also, the contextual nature of the research as well as specific destination governance structure in Kraków blurred the picture of DMOs predispositions to leading the CM process.Practical implicationsThe study supports urban DMO managers by suggesting a tool of diagnosis and intervention in UTH-induced conflicts. Thus, it makes fulfilling the mediator role a destination governance task.Social implicationsCM brings agreement among parties as to the understanding of the nature of conflict, which forms the basis for quick and mutually agreed actions, according to sustainable development principles.Originality/valueThe paper proposes an alternative approach to mitigate UTH-related problems in cities by adopting the CM framework which emphasizes the universal nature of conflict causes and proposes adequate tools for undertaking actions by DMOs.
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Voith, Richard P., and Susan M. Wachter. "Urban Growth and Housing Affordability: The Conflict." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 626, no. 1 (October 26, 2009): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716209344839.
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Elinwa, Ugochukwu K., and Nothando Moyo. "Post-Disaster Housing: A Complex Systems Approach to Social Resilience." Open House International 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2018-b0005.
Анотація:
Conflicts are a form of man-made disaster changing the economy of nations, influencing energy concerns, food, shelter and demographic distributions. The breakdown of global systems has become a huge concern that needs working mechanisms to develop resilient cities. The working mechanisms vary from one country to another, thus making the process a complex reality. Resilience is a word that was derived from the Latin word “resalire” which means “to spring back”. In this work, the housing environment was considered as a system constituting of several subsystems (Social, Environmental, Political, Economic subsystems). It argues that for resilience to occur within the post-conflict housing environment there is a need for an inclusive evaluation of users' preferences and expectations. With a focus on the social subsystem, it tried to determine the level of significance of gender, age, income and level of exposure on the perceived social character of a post-conflict housing environment and the satisfaction derived thereof. The study showed the importance of inclusivity as it influences perception and satisfaction. Using regression analysis, the study revealed that Perception and satisfaction within a post-conflict housing environment were influenced by age (73%), gender (74%), income and level of exposure (54%).
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Arana Giralt, Juan. "La Frontera Interior: proceso comunitario e impacto urbano en los espacios colectivos de apropiación ciudadana del distrito de Tetuán = The Inner Border : Community Process and Urban Impact in the Citizen Appropriated Collective Spaces of the Tetuán District." Territorios en formación, no. 17 (July 18, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2020.17.4485.
Анотація:
ResumenLa autogestión de espacios colectivos organizada por comunidades locales es con frecuencia objeto de una estetización de lo colectivo o es reducida a una forma de ocio urbano, obviando la base política y espacial específica de cada iniciativa. Los espacios autogestionados son una forma de producción alternativa de espacios colectivos y potencialmente una plataforma para la innovación social. El estudio se centra en el distrito de Tetuán como parte de la periferia interior madrileña, como objeto de procesos urbanos de transformación y gentrificación, así como enclave de resistencia y activismo vecinal. Se sostiene que el proceso comunitario es la clave de la sostenibilidad de los espacios colectivos de apropiación ciudadana y no puede ser cooptado por la administración. La apropiación ciudadana surge como respuesta a conflictos y necesidades tanto sociales como espaciales, instaurando espacios de resistencia en un contexto de conflicto urbano.AbstractSelf-management of collective spaces, organized by grassroot communities, often falls under an aestheticization of the collective or is reduced to anecdotic urban leisure, leaving out the spatial and political bases of each specific initiative. Self-managed spaces present an alternative production of collective spaces and can be a platform for social innovation. The study focuses on the Tetuán District as an enclave in the inner periphery of Madrid. The neighbourhood has experienced deep urban transformations and is under a process of gentrification. It is also a space of community resistance where neighbourhood activism has a long tradition. It is argued that the community process is the key for the sustainability of appropriated collective spaces and cannot be co-opted by the administration. These spaces are a reaction to spatial and social conflicts and necessities, creating rebel spaces in a context of urban conflict.
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Charlesworth, Esther, and John Fien. "Breaching the urban contract." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 5, no. 2 (June 3, 2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-06-2012-0016.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify practical lessons for urban managers involved in the post-disaster field, drawing on research about ethnic division, conflict and reconstruction in five divided cities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses the original case study fieldwork in the five divided cities to identify how the concept of “urban contract” can be used to explain the impacts of different levels of resilience to conflict or disaster. It also examines the importance of rebuilding the urban contract for community resilience as the key to “building back better” in urban reconstruction. Findings – This analysis indicates three important lessons about the importance of the “urban contract” in building disaster resilience. The first is that disasters, like conflict, can be anticipated and strategies put in place to strengthen the social networks on which community resilience depends – and that such anticipatory behaviour provides the time to do this. The second finding is that dispersing people away from a damaged neighbourhood for any period but the absolute minimum necessary to ensure public health and community well-being should be avoided at all costs. The third finding relates to the importance of using skilled public consultation and engagement in physical reconstruction as a way of enhancing social reconstruction. Originality/value – This is the first paper to draw parallels between the impacts of conflict and disasters on the urban contract between city managers and citizens. As well as identifying key lessons for disaster resilience, the paper makes a strong theoretical contribution by pointing to the significance of the urban contract in wider studies of cities and disasters.
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Savage, Mike. "Urban history and social class: two paradigms." Urban History 20, no. 1 (April 1993): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800010002.
Анотація:
For much of the 1970s and early 1980s historians using an urban focus to analyse social class, social stratification and political conflict led the field. The work of John Foster, Geoffrey Crossick, Robert Gray, Patrick Joyce and others helped set an agenda to which all social historians responded. Today research of a similar type can easily be found, but even whilst this shows a high degree of conceptual sophistication and empirical rigour it seems less central to the discipline and to the broad concerns of social history than was the case even a decade ago. In this speculative paper I reflect on some of the reasons for this and consider the contemporary prospects for studies of the relationship between urban history and social class.
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Godinez-Madrigal, Jonatan, Nora Van Cauwenbergh, and Pieter van der Zaag. "Unraveling intractable water conflicts: the entanglement of science and politics in decision-making on large hydraulic infrastructure." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 4903–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4903-2020.
Анотація:
Abstract. The development of large infrastructure to address the water challenges of cities around the world can be a financial and social burden for many cities because of the hidden costs these works entail and social conflicts they often trigger. When conflicts erupt, science is often expected to play a key role in informing policymakers and social actors to clarify controversies surrounding policy responses to water scarcity. However, managing conflicts is a sociopolitical process, and often quantitative models are used as an attempt to depoliticize such processes, conveying the idea that optimal solutions can be objectively identified despite the many perspectives and interests at play. This raises the question as to whether science depoliticizes water conflicts or whether instead conflicts politicize science–policy processes. We use the Zapotillo dam and water transfer project in Mexico to analyze the role of science–policy processes in water conflicts. The Zapotillo project aims at augmenting urban water supply to Guadalajara and León, two large cities in western Mexico, but a social and legal conflict has stalled the project until today. To analyze the conflict and how stakeholders make sense of it, we interviewed the most relevant actors and studied the negotiations between different interest groups through participant observation. To examine the role of science–policy processes in the conflict, we mobilized concepts of epistemic uncertainty and ambiguity and analyzed the design and use of water resources models produced by key actors aiming to resolve the conflict. While the use of models is a proven method to construct future scenarios and test different strategies, the parameterization of scenarios and their results are influenced by the knowledge and/or interests of actors behind the model. We found that in the Zapotillo case, scenarios reflected the interests and strategies of actors on one side of the conflict, resulting in increased distrust of the opposing actors. We conclude that the dilemma of achieving urban water security through investing in either large infrastructure (supply augmentation) or alternative strategies (demand-side management) cannot be resolved if some key interested parties have not been involved in the scientific processes framing the problem and solution space.
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Patel, Ronak B., and Frederick M. Burkle. "Rapid Urbanization and the Growing Threat of Violence and Conflict: A 21st Century Crisis." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000568.
Анотація:
AbstractAs the global population is concentrated into complex environments, rapid urbanization increases the threat of conflict and insecurity. Many fast-growing cities create conditions of significant disparities in standards of living, which set up a natural environment for conflict over resources. As urban slums become a haven for criminal elements, youth gangs, and the arms trade, they also create insecurity for much of the population. Specific populations, such as women, migrants, and refugees, bear the brunt of this lack of security, with significant impacts on their livelihoods, health, and access to basic services. This lack of security and violence also has great costs to the general population, both economic and social. Cities have increasingly become the battlefield of recent conflicts as they serve as the seats of power and gateways to resources. International agencies, non-governmental organizations, and policy-makers must act to stem this tide of growing urban insecurity. Protecting urban populations and preventing future conflict will require better urban planning, investment in livelihood programs for youth, cooperation with local communities, enhanced policing, and strengthening the capacity of judicial systems.Patel RB, Burkle FM Jr. Rapid urbanization and the growing threat of violence and conflict: a 21st century crisis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-4.
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Горнова, Галина Владимировна. "THE CONFLICT OF URBAN IDENTITY: VISUAL ASPECTS." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 3(25) (September 18, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2020-3-27-40.
Анотація:
В статье анализируется визуальная репрезентация конфликтности городской идентичности. Городская идентичность понимается как одна из граней личностной идентичности, существующей в синхроническом и диахроническом единстве. Теория социальных ролей позволяет исследовать синхронический аспект городской идентичности, выделить «транспортные роли» горожанина, конфликтные аспекты «транспортной идентичности». Отмечается актуализация конфликтности городской идентичности в синхроническом аспекте при резких и непоправимых изменениях в городской среде. Конфликтность влияет на отчуждение человека от города, на разрушение его городской идентичности. Диахронический аспект городской идентичности тесно связан с мемориальной культурой, которая содержит широкий спектр идентификационных выборов. Визуальные репрезентации мемориальной культуры влияют на становление городской идентичности, на формирование устойчивых представлений человека о себе как о жителе определенного города, на ценностное переживание своей связи с городом. The article analyzes the visual representation of the conflict of urban identity. Urban identity is understood as one of the facets of personal identity that exists in the synchronic and diachronic unity. The theory of social roles allows exploring the synchronic aspect of urban identity, highlighting the “transport roles” of the city dweller and the conflicting aspects of “transport identity”. The conflict of urban identity in the synchronic aspect is actualized with sharp and irreparable changes in the urban environment. The conflict affects people’s alienation from the city, the destruction of their urban identity. The diachronic aspect of urban identity is closely related to memorial culture, which contains a wide range of identification choices. Visual representations of memorial culture influence the development of urban identity, the formation of people’s stable representations about themselves as residents of a certain city, the value experience of their connection with the city.
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Gritsenko, Galina. "Ethno-Religious Character of Urban Space in the Context of Social and Cultural Stability in an Instable Multi-Ethnic Region." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.15.
Анотація:
The author considers the dynamics of ethno-religious interactions of representatives of different nationalities in the predominantly Russian-speaking regional community. As a result of establishing the North Caucasus Federal district, the local ethno-cultural and religious landscapes of the urban space of the Stavropol territory were reconfigured. According to sociological studies, due to qualitative changes in the structure of the ethno-religious landscape in the first decade of the twenty-first century, ethnicity and religiosity acquired a conflictogenic character and provoked ethno-confessional conflicts in the urban environment. The article shows that socio-cultural factors played a significant role among the conflict factors. First and foremost, it is the simplification of the education system, manifested in formation of unscholarly youth, and clericalization of the regional component in education leading to decline in teaching of the Russian language in the North Caucasus republics, to ethnic interpretations of historical events, to the increase of number of young people who do not know the state language. The decline in the level of education of some of the natives of the North Caucasian republics was manifested in the aggravation of interethnic and interfaith interactions between the indigenous inhabitants of the urban environment and natives of the republics of the North Caucasus. Destabilizing ethnoconfessional relations factor is the frequent use of the national (non-Russian) language in public places of traditionally Russian-speaking environment. The article reveals the joint activities of the authorities and civil society institutions, primarily diasporas and religious organizations, to give ethnicity and religiosity a peacemaking content, to ensure a conflict-free ethnoreligious situation, to reduce tensions in the sphere of ethnic and religious relations. As a result of this work, sociocultural stability was achieved in the urban space of the multi-ethnic region. At the same time, the study of the ethno-religious landscape of the urban environment indicates the presence of potential conditions for the emergence of new conflict-related threats, one of which may be neophism. This situation requires the development of a clear algorithm of actions to prevent radicalism among neophytes. The ethno-religious landscape of the urban space of the Stavropol territory is contradictory: socio-cultural stability in the multi-ethnic region is supported by joint actions of authorities and civil society institutions, but the mosaic of the ethno-religious landscape is used by radical forces to spread radicalism and ethno-confessional conflicts.
34
Haqi, Faruq Ibnul. "Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/emara.2016.2.1.21-26.
Анотація:
Social sustainability and sustainable urban developments are major challenges across the world both developed and developing countries. In general there is a conflict between the approach of sustainable development and social sustainability in the urban context. The concept of sustainability brings a key framework for extensive literature on urban design, architecture and planning. Nevertheless there is a considerable overlap between the social dimensions of sustainability and the theories or notions, for instance the ‘sustainable societies’ that are highlighted in the midst of other aspects: social equity and justice. Such society is widely expected to offer a situation for long-term social relations and activities which are sustainable, inclusive and equitable in a wider perception of the term (environmentally, socially and economically). The method adopted to address this aim involves a content analysis of available academic literature, with focus on the planning sustainable development, built environment, social sustainability, and urban planning fields. The findings demonstrate that in spite of some opposing evidence, many studies have confirmed that there has been displacement of the debate on the term of ‘sustainability’ from ‘ecological and environmental aspects into social and economic aspects’. It is related to how the community feel safe and comfortable living in their own communities, how have they felt of proud of the place where they live. The aim of the paper is to improve our understanding of current theories and practices of planning sustainable development and discuss whether the approach of sustainable development aligns with social sustainability objectives.
35
Haqi, Faruq Ibnul. "Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/emara.v2i1.15.
Анотація:
Social sustainability and sustainable urban developments are major challenges across the world both developed and developing countries. In general there is a conflict between the approach of sustainable development and social sustainability in the urban context. The concept of sustainability brings a key framework for extensive literature on urban design, architecture and planning. Nevertheless there is a considerable overlap between the social dimensions of sustainability and the theories or notions, for instance the ‘sustainable societies’ that are highlighted in the midst of other aspects: social equity and justice. Such society is widely expected to offer a situation for long-term social relations and activities which are sustainable, inclusive and equitable in a wider perception of the term (environmentally, socially and economically). The method adopted to address this aim involves a content analysis of available academic literature, with focus on the planning sustainable development, built environment, social sustainability, and urban planning fields. The findings demonstrate that in spite of some opposing evidence, many studies have confirmed that there has been displacement of the debate on the term of ‘sustainability’ from ‘ecological and environmental aspects into social and economic aspects’. It is related to how the community feel safe and comfortable living in their own communities, how have they felt of proud of the place where they live. The aim of the paper is to improve our understanding of current theories and practices of planning sustainable development and discuss whether the approach of sustainable development aligns with social sustainability objectives.
36
Haqi, Faruq Ibnul. "Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/eija.v2i1.15.
Анотація:
Social sustainability and sustainable urban developments are major challenges across the world both developed and developing countries. In general there is a conflict between the approach of sustainable development and social sustainability in the urban context. The concept of sustainability brings a key framework for extensive literature on urban design, architecture and planning. Nevertheless there is a considerable overlap between the social dimensions of sustainability and the theories or notions, for instance the ‘sustainable societies’ that are highlighted in the midst of other aspects: social equity and justice. Such society is widely expected to offer a situation for long-term social relations and activities which are sustainable, inclusive and equitable in a wider perception of the term (environmentally, socially and economically). The method adopted to address this aim involves a content analysis of available academic literature, with focus on the planning sustainable development, built environment, social sustainability, and urban planning fields. The findings demonstrate that in spite of some opposing evidence, many studies have confirmed that there has been displacement of the debate on the term of ‘sustainability’ from ‘ecological and environmental aspects into social and economic aspects’. It is related to how the community feel safe and comfortable living in their own communities, how have they felt of proud of the place where they live. The aim of the paper is to improve our understanding of current theories and practices of planning sustainable development and discuss whether the approach of sustainable development aligns with social sustainability objectives.
37
Menashe Oren, Ashira. "Migrant-based youth bulges and social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa." Demographic Research 42 (January 10, 2020): 57–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2020.42.3.
38
McDermott, Ronan, Charlotte Luelf, Laura Hofmann, and Pat Gibbons. "International law applicable to urban conflict and disaster." Disaster Prevention and Management 26, no. 5 (November 6, 2017): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2017-0052.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the international legal framework governing urban crises arising from conflict, “natural” and technological disasters. Design/methodology/approach The paper deploys legal analysis to the most relevant bodies of international law pertaining to urban crises and systematically outlines the key legal issues arising. Findings International humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) provide important protections to vulnerable persons in both human-made and “natural” disaster settings. While the two bodies of law do not draw explicit distinctions between urban and rural settings, their various provisions, and indeed their silence on, crucial issues that would enhance legal protection in urban settings merit greater attention. Research limitations/implications The paper provides an overview of the sources of international law of most relevance to urban crises. Further research is required into how the urban environment influences their application concretely in urban settings. Practical implications In an era when international law is being challenged from many sources and attention is turning to the increasing potential for urban violence and vulnerability, this paper serves to sensitise the disaster management and humanitarian community to the relevance of international legal frameworks to its activities in urban settings. Originality/value This paper considers the most salient international legal issues arising during crises and compares and contrasts how the different bodies of international law (IHL and IHRL) address each of the kinds of crises (conflict, “natural” or technological disaster), respectively.
39
Preteceille, E. "Collective Consumption, Urban Segregation, and Social Classes." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 2 (June 1986): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040145.
Анотація:
Although collective consumption is recognized as a major issue for urban research, the specificity of the urban field should not be limited to it, thus reproducing theoretically the dominant separation enforced ideologically and practically between production and reproduction, Production, and more generally work relations and practices, should be considered as basic determinants of the urban, not only because of their direct spatial dimensions and implications, but also because of their relations to reproduction practices. These relations are not mechanistic determinations but complex, contradictory, mediated, and retroactive processes. Therefore social differentiations or cleavages related to consumption practices, like urban social segregation and unequal access to collective consumption, are not simple translations of class structure in the most general and abstract sense. They contribute both to the strengthening of class identities and social solidarities in certain situations, areas and conjunctures, and to class fragmentation and competition or conflict in others. Nevertheless, they are but another aspect of the complexity of class structures and not an independent mode of social cleavage. This can be seen in class differentiations of consumption practices as well as in the related stakes for urban social struggles.
40
Mitra, Shreya, Joe Mulligan, Janpeter Schilling, Jamilla Harper, Janani Vivekananda, and Lisa Krause. "Developing risk or resilience? Effects of slum upgrading on the social contract and social cohesion in Kibera, Nairobi." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247816689218.
Анотація:
In Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, major development efforts are underway – namely, the Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme (Kibera Pilot), the Nairobi Railway Relocation Action Plan, and the National Youth Service-led Kibera Slum Upgrade Initiative. This paper assesses how such interventions affect the social contract and social cohesion, and hence the resilience of Kibera residents. We examine the extent to which different types of slum upgrading efforts address risks in Kibera, particularly around conflict and flooding. Our findings show that these interventions can reduce conflict, crime, insecurity and flood risks, and subsequently strengthen resilience in highly dense and complex urban environments, if they do three things: first, include processes that build the social contract (such as meaningful consultation of residents and social accountability mechanisms); second, build bridging social capital between ethnic groups and avoid reducing bonding capital within groups; and third, integrate different sectoral interventions.
41
Vitale, Tommaso. "Conflitti urbani nei percorsi di cittadinanza degli immigrati. Una introduzione." PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no. 3 (March 2013): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2012-003001.
Анотація:
Immigration is a main political topic. In Western Europe social conflicts, party systems and political parties have been restructured around an emerging cleavage between integration and demarcation. At the urban level, conflict among immigrant groups and native ones and contention between immigrants and the local authorities are major political dynamics. Main literature has explained why do we observe clashes between immigrants and natives in some locations, but not in others; and what accounts for change in immigrant conflict within locales over time. Not a lot has been written about the outcomes of these conflicts and their impact on citizenship. An emerging literature is measuring important effects in terms of political inclusion, but other effects on civic and social citizenships remain partially unexplored. Empirical researches collected for this special issue stress the dimension of agency of immigrant contentious politics, and show the heuristic value of new approaches in the theory of action, taking into account recognition as well as institutional and normative constraints.
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Smith, Jackie. "Responding to Globalization and Urban Conflict: Human Rights City Initiatives." Studies in Social Justice 11, no. 2 (March 3, 2018): 347–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v11i2.1394.
Анотація:
Expanding globalization and urbanization have intensified the threats to human rights for many vulnerable groups and have restricted resources available to the primary guarantors of these rights—local authorities. Human rights cities initiatives are bottom-up efforts to advance human rights implementation in local contexts. They are emerging around the world in response to the global pressures on cities that intensify urban inequality and conflict. In this article I discuss how global changes are impacting cities and their abilities to protect the basic rights of residents. I then discuss the human rights cities model as a strategic response of social movements to secure people’s basic needs and strengthen local mechanisms for addressing social conflicts. I provide detailed analysis based on participatory research with Pittsburgh’s Human Rights City Alliance between 2013 and 2016. Drawing from literature on international peacebuilding, I argue that human rights cities are an emergent model of peacebuilding and governance that can guide policy and planning at multiple levels. Human rights movements are challenging neoliberal globalization’s emphasis on economic growth and putting forward frameworks that prioritize the needs of people and communities. In their appeals to international human rights norms, human rights cities advocates both advance international law and governance while giving voice to inherent contradictions between human rights and the policies of economic globalization.
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Thaize Challier, Marie-Christine. "Multidimensional Polarization, Social Classes, and Societal Conflict: Evidence from Medieval Towns." Review of European Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n1p53.
Анотація:
<p>The paper focuses on the nature of a population distribution (polarized or not) and its possible influence on societal conflict. Despite theoretical and empirical studies on the link between population’s polarization and social conflict, the relationship remains in question. Up to now, the role of a multidimensional polarization has been neglected and the determination of social classes by their roles and functions (and not by their resource level) has been ignored. To extend the research, we first define a multidimensional polarization index and approach it empirically through quantitative and qualitative data (often textual data) over a very long period in accordance with the historiographical method. First, this paper refutes the stereotype of a medieval French urban population polarized between rich and poor. Second, over the same period, we build a database of the intensity and occurrence of societal conflict on a sample of twenty-four French towns. The paper finds that over time the low initial degree of the population’s polarization continued to decline while societal violence was increasing. Third, whereas polarization is excluded as a determinant of societal conflict, the inter-group heterogeneity measure (or social distance) highlights some relationships. The results show that societal upheavals may be quite connected with the social distance index defined between the high and middle classes; moreover, this social unrest may be greatly related with the index defined between the high and the low classes. By contrast, the results find an outbreak of societal conflicts when social distances between the middle and low classes decrease.</p>
44
Crankshaw, Owen. "Social differentiation, conflict and development in a South African township." Urban Forum 7, no. 1 (March 1996): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036846.
45
Katznelson, Ira. "“The Burdens of Urban History”: Comment." Studies in American Political Development 3 (1989): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000559.
Анотація:
How, if at all, can studies of the city help us understand the distinctive qualities of the American regime? In “The Burdens of Urban History,” which refines and elaborates his earlier paper “The Problem of the Political in Recent American Urban History,” Terrence McDonald, a historian who has written on urban fiscal policy and conflict, argues that students of the city have focused their work too narrowly on bosses and machines, patronage and pluralism. In so doing, they have obscured other bases of politics and conflict, and, trapped by liberal categories of analysis, they have perpetuated a self-satisfied, even celebratory, portrait of American politics and society. This unfortunate directionality to urban research in some measure has been unwitting because historians and social scientists have been unreflective about the genealogies, and mutual borrowings, of their disciplines. Even recent critical scholarship in the new social history and in the social sciences under the banner of “bringing the state back in” suffers from these defects. As a result, these treatments of state and society relationships, and of the themes that appear under the rubric of American “exceptionalism,” are characterized by an epistemological mish-mash, a contraction of analytical vision, and an unintended acquiescence in the self-satisfied cheerleading of the academy that began in the postwar years.
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Aptekar, Sofya. "The Unbearable Lightness of the Cosmopolitan Canopy: Accomplishment of Diversity at an Urban Farmers Market." City & Community 18, no. 1 (March 2019): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12371.
Анотація:
This article provides a critique of work on urban public space that touts its potential as a haven from racial and class conflicts and inequalities. I argue that social structures and hierarchies embedded in the capitalist system and the state's social control over the racialized poor are not suspended even in places that appear governed by civility and tolerance, such as those under Anderson's “cosmopolitan canopy.” Durable inequality, residential segregation, nativism, and racism inevitably shape what happens in diverse public spaces. Using an ethnographic study of an urban farmers’ market in New York City, I show that appearances of everyday cosmopolitanism, tolerance, and pleasure in difference coexist with conflict and reproduction of inequalities that are inextricable because the space is embedded within larger structures, institutions, and cultural paradigms. By focusing on meaning–making in interaction, I analyze situated accomplishment of diversity and consider the implications for other types of urban spaces.
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Mohan, Gretta, Alberto Longo, and Frank Kee. "Post-conflict area-based regeneration policy in deprived urban neighbourhoods." Regional Studies 54, no. 6 (August 14, 2019): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1644450.
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Sorensen, Andr�. "Building world city Tokyo: Globalization and conflict over urban space." Annals of Regional Science 37, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-003-0168-3.
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Wagner, Monika. "Berlin Urban Spaces as Social Surfaces: Machine Aesthetics and Surface Texture." Representations 102, no. 1 (2008): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2008.102.1.53.
Анотація:
In the Berlin of the Weimar Republic, conflict raged not only over a new architecture corresponding to the optical culture but also over new forms of urban space. This essay, through a broad overview of the social spaces of Berlin, explores the tension between "artisanal" and "industrial" production and between collective and individual labor. It shows how different sociopolitical environments mobilized artisanal and industrial tropes and analyzes the ways in which they were construed iconographically.
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Johnson Jr., James H., and Melvin L. Oliver. "INTERETHNIC MINORITY CONFLICT IN URBAN AMERICA: THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DISLOCATIONS." Urban Geography 10, no. 5 (September 1989): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.10.5.449.