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1
Stergiou, Dimitrios P., David Airey, and Alexandros Apostolakis. "The winery experience from the perspective of Generation Z." International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-03-2017-0018.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the wine tourism experience from the perspective of Generation Z adults in Greece, following an actual winery visit. Design/methodology/approach Responses were obtained from a total of 306 respondents drawn from student groups visiting a winery in the Achaia region of the Peloponnese, Western Greece, using convenience sampling. A list of winescape attributes was adopted for testing and used to structure self-administered questionnaires. The data collected were analysed using a factor-analytic and importance-performance analysis framework. Findings Five factors that promote understanding of the desired wine tourism experience of Generation Z adults were identified, namely, cost considerations and wine and entertainment both perceived to be important but the winery’s performance on the same was poor, destination attributes and service staff both perceived to be important with good performance and learning about wine perceived to be unimportant with low performance. Originality/value This is the first academic study focusing specifically on the winery experience from the perspective of Generation Z. As such, it has provided new and useful insights for researchers and managers in the wine industry concerning the experience of this under-researched generational cohort.
2
Pelet, Jean-Eric, Benoît Lecat, Jashim Khan, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Linda W. Lee, Debbie Ellis, Marianne McGarry Wolf, Androniki Kavoura, Vicky Katsoni, and Anne Lena Wegmann. "Winery website loyalty: the role of sales promotion and service attributes." International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-01-2017-0003.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between feelings toward buying wine on mobile phones and m-commerce website loyalty by examining the mediating role of sales promotion and the moderating role of service attributes of the m-commerce websites in influencing the mediation. Design/methodology/approach A total of 3,318 completed surveys were collected. Drawing on a large non-probability criterion-based purposive sample across six countries (France, Germany, Greece, South Africa, USA and Canada), mediation analysis was performed to examine the hypothesized relationships. Findings Results show that sales promotion mediates the relationship between feelings toward buying wine on mobile phones and m-commerce website loyalty. Moderated mediation reveals that the indirect pathways (sales promotion) through which feelings toward buying wine over mobile exert its effect on m-commerce website loyalty are dependent on the value of service (wine delivery) attributes of the website. The results demonstrate that sales promotion and service are of paramount importance to wineries and wine marketers. Research limitations/implications Wine producers and retailers should consider the use of sales promotion to enhance sales and loyalty to m-commerce websites. Practical implications Wine producers and retailers should consider use sales promotion (such as SMS or push notifications) to enhance sales and influence consumer feelings and hence their loyalty. Originality/value Wine m-commerce studies are limited, especially with an international perspective comparing six different countries: three from the old world (France, Germany and Greece) and three from the new world (North America with USA and Canada; and South Africa). Altogether, these six countries represent around 40 per cent of the world’s wine consumption.
3
Bebber, Suélen, Ana Paula Graciola, and Gabriel Sperandio Milan. "Creating bonds with customers as a result of winery visitation." REBRAE 8, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.08.001.ao07.
Анотація:
The built environment for wine production, the whole winery infrastructure, its architecture, and the staff involved, the implementation context and the services offered have become important elements to attract tourists to visit wineries that seek for competitive advantage. This way, the aim is to identify the attributes related to winery visitation that enable the customer to create bonds to return to the place, indicate the winery to friends and also keep buying from the winery. Therefore, it was implemented a survey research with a structured questionnaire based on the literature related to the context of the study, in a winery located in Vale dos Vinhedos, in the city of Bento Gonçalves (RS). The research had an exploratory and quantitative feature and the data was analyzed by applying multivariate data analysis. The conclusions show that to establish bonds with the customer from the winery visitation requires more than a good wine and a quality service, but results from an emotional connection between the visitor and the winery, in which increasing the satisfaction with the built environment consequently increases the general satisfaction with the winery, upgrading the company’s image created in the visitors mind, being remembered in the purchase moment, enabling the negotiations growth, the customer retention and loyalty with the brand.
4
Thomas, Ben, Vanessa Ann Quintal, and Ian Phau. "Wine Tourist Engagement With the Winescape: Scale Development and Validation." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 42, no. 5 (April 4, 2016): 793–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348016640583.
Анотація:
Although the winescape has been frequently referred to in wine-related research, empirical studies that conceptualize, operationalize, and test the construct remain limited. This research sets out to develop a scale to measure the supply-related winescape attributes that influence the winery experience. Adopting scale development procedure by Churchill and De Vellis, five focus groups, two expert panels, and six individual studies that involved 1,537 participants were conducted at varied wineries in diverse wine regions across two different wine countries. The resultant 20-item winescape scale comprised seven attributes, namely, setting, atmospherics, wine quality, wine value, complementary product, signage, and service staff, and was reliable and valid. Theoretically and methodologically, the winescape scale addresses a critical need for an empirical measure that encapsulates the supply-related attributes of a winery. Managerially, it offers wine producers a diagnostic tool to evaluate their winescape, guiding their positioning and service operations in the marketplace.
5
Kim, Hyojin, and Mark A. Bonn. "Authenticity." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 839–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0212.
Анотація:
Purpose Based on the theoretical debates involving authenticity and consumer behavior intentions, this exploratory research study aims to identify whether the authentic experiences of tourists visiting wineries affect their behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire was created to address authenticity issues within the context of the on-site winery experience and how they ultimately affected behavioral intentions according to selected demographic characteristics. Adapting Wang’s categorization of authenticity as being composed of three dimensions, a total of 13 questions were developed and used to obtain consumer data. To determine whether these three dimensions related to authenticity affected visitors’ behavioral intentions within the context of the winery experience, a standard multiple regression procedure was used at a levels = 0.05 and 0.01. Findings The findings show that authentic characteristics play a substantial role in the behavioral intentions of winery tourists. Interestingly, there were no significant relationships between a visitor’s willingness to recommend wineries and the on-site winery experience, presentation of wine bottle labeling and impressions about the overall winery experience. Research limitations implications Because this was an exploratory study, repeated applications of this experiment must be conducted in many other global destinations where winery visits occur, to establish generalizable research findings. Future applications of this research study should consider introducing new variables to further measure authenticity related to on-site winery visits, not only to build upon these study findings but also to assist the wine industry marketing professionals in acquiring a better understanding of the relationship between authenticity, as related to on-site winery visits, and the behavioral intentions of winery visitors. Practical implications This study’s findings will help to better understand the behavioral intentions of winery visitors based upon the perceived authenticity levels of on-site winery experiences. The results provide strategic and developmental directions for wine industry professionals, winery owners, wine producers and wine destination marketing organizations to more accurately promote winery visits, products and destinations. Originality/value Although authenticity and wine tourism have both received much attention as research topics, no research, to date, has addressed the importance of perceived authenticity, as applied to the on-site winery visit, within the overall wine tourism experience and its effect upon visitor intentions. This study endeavored to quantify the attributes of authenticity that are specific to winery tourism and consumer behavior issues.
6
Lee, Kyuho, Melih Madanoglu, and Jae-Youn Ko. "Exploring key service quality dimensions at a winery from an emerging market’s perspective." British Food Journal 118, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 2981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2016-0157.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover the service quality dimensions that influence satisfaction with wineries and future intentions to return among Chinese consumers. With the rapidly growing popularity of wine consumption among Chinese consumers, an increasing number of Chinese consumers are visiting wineries in Western countries. However, while substantial research about wine tourism in Western countries has been published, there is very little research available with respect to wine tourism in China and the Chinese winery visitors who visit them. Design/methodology/approach A convenience sampling method was selected. Specifically, snowball sampling was used to collect the study’s data due to the limited number of Chinese consumers who drink wine and who have been involved with wine tourism. Research assistants who speak Chinese fluently used snowball sampling to recruit Chinese consumers in Yentai region who had participated in wine tourism in the past and asked them to complete the research survey. The research assistants distributed 200 surveys through a snowball sampling and collected a total of 179 responses. Findings The study’s results suggest that wine tasting operations, such as a variety of wines at tasting room tastings, and the quality of the wines tasted, along with staff attitudes are critical components that influence Chinese wine tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty. Research limitations/implications The major contribution of this paper is that it builds on extant wine tourism literature by providing insights into the characteristics of Chinese wine tourists. The paper also illuminates the linkage between winery service quality attributes and Chinese wine tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty. Practical implications The results of the study provide a useful guide to both academics and winery operators interested in developing a competitive winery service quality strategy for Chinese wine tourists. Originality/value Given the scarcity of literature linking winery service quality attributes and Chinese wine tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty, this study is one of the few studies to explore this relationship.
7
Williams, Kim M. "Wine Tourism: From Winescape to Cellardoorscape." Tourism Analysis 26, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354221x16079839951529.
Анотація:
The intention of this research note is to explore two essential elements of a winery's cellar door tasting room environment: first, the skills, knowledge, and personal attributes required by tasting room representatives, and second, how to develop meaningful social experiences for the wine tourist within the service environment of the cellar door tasting room. This note offers a discourse concerning the blend of these two elements, which proposes a new "-scape," the cellardoorscape, a microfocus on a particular service environment within a specific winery's winescape. To acknowledge an additional distinguishable "-scape" within the winescape provides some advantages. An analysis of what composes a beneficial and operational cellardoorscape could assist in developing a framework to provide management direction to winery owners and companies on the vital infrastructure and human resource practices to improve circumstances for success.
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Shirahigue, Ligianne Din, Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo, Miriam Mabel Selani, Ana Paula Nadai, Gerson Barreto Mourão, and Cláudio Rosa Gallo. "Winery grape-residue extract: Effects on quality and sensory attributes of cooked chicken meat." Food Science and Biotechnology 20, no. 5 (October 31, 2011): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-011-0173-8.
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Areta, Álvaro, Isabel Bardají, and Belén Iráizoz. "Spanish wines in the US market: What attributes do US consumers look for in Spanish wines?" Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 4 (February 7, 2018): e0120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017154-10006.
Анотація:
This paper analysed the impact of different attributes in Spanish quality wines on United States (US) demand behaviour. A hedonic price model was estimated in order to assess the values that US consumers give Spanish wines. The main results showed that the most influential factor on sale price was aging, which had a positive impact. US consumers valued the quality ratings provided by experts, especially in the upper price categories. The year of vintage and size of the winery were considered medium importance factors in decision-making, with the latest vintages and the smallest wineries receiving the highest ratings. Geographical origin (appellation) helped to explain consumer preferences. Although colour was the least important attribute in consumers’ purchase decisions, red wines were the most highly rated in this attribute.
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Leri, Ifigeneia, and Prokopis Theodoridis. "The effects of the winery visitor experience on emotions, satisfaction and on post-visit behaviour intentions." Tourism Review 74, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 480–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2018-0092.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of the experience of a winery visit to the visitor’s emotions and the effect of these emotions on visitor’s intention to revisit and recommend a winery as consequences of visitor satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a multi approach of customer experience, suggesting that visitors base their experience perception on the servicescape attributes, other visitors’ suitable behaviours and their own yearn for cognitive learning and fun. Path analysis is adopted to measure the impact of these constructs on visitor’s emotions and the role of these emotions in predicting visitor’s satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Data are collected through a self-administered highly structured questionnaire, self-completed by respondents at each winery. A total of 615 usable responses are obtained from eight wineries. Findings The results indicate that emotions are arisen – in a context of wine tourism – as a result of visitor’s evaluation of winery environment (especially Atmospherics, Signage and Facilities), other visitors’ appropriate behaviour and visitor’s desire to learn something new and to have fun during the winery experience. Also, it is revealed that visitor’s emotions positively impact on his/her satisfaction, which in turn seems to be a significant predictor of his/her intention to revisit the winery and give positive word-of-mouth. Research limitations/implications The findings broaden the knowledge on visitor’s winery experience and its impact on visitor’s satisfaction and future behavioural intentions. However, because the study focuses only on winery visitors in Greece, the research results may lack generalizability. The application of the study to other wineries would allow for wider generalisations to be made from the results obtained. Practical implications The overall findings may have significant implications for wine tourism industries. Also, it might be beneficial for wineries in their effort to provide a more valuable experience to wine tourists and in increasing wine tourists’ loyalty. Originality/value The paper’s originality lies in providing information to clarify the relationships between the constructs of experience, visitor’s emotions, satisfaction and future behavioural intentions in a winery setting. Also, this study provides new and practical insights of winery experience in the Greek context, an area where very limited research has been conducted. Finally, this is one of the few studies that focus on more than two servicescape elements and their impact on visitor’s emotions.
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Curtis, Kynda R., and Susan L. Slocum. "Rural Winery Resiliency and Sustainability through the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 10483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810483.
Анотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the tourism industry worldwide, including the wine industry in the western U.S. due to mandated winery and tasting room closures, followed by restrictions on capacity and food- and drink-handling once wineries reopened. In California, tasting rooms were fully closed from mid-March to mid-May 2020 and could not have visitors indoors through to October 2020. Hence, this study examines the resiliency of wineries in minor California wine regions, including the challenges faced during the pandemic, strategies used to sustain their business, and the attributes of their operation which contributed to success. Data were collected through structured in-person interviews with five wineries in minor California wine regions, specifically Russian River Valley and Sierra Foothills. The four themes which emerged include: lifestyle business; market differentiation; direct marketing; and the effects of COVID-19. These wineries are primarily family-owned, which gives them the ability to control costs and make decisions rapidly. They did not have a large workforce or multiple layers of management, allowing them to pivot quickly to adjust to the regulatory environment. This study on rural winery resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic will assist rural tourism operations in dealing with social and economic shocks in the future.
12
Shapiro, Marin, and Miguel I. Gómez. "Customer satisfaction and sales performance in wine tasting rooms." International Journal of Wine Business Research 26, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-09-2012-0026.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the linkages between customer satisfaction (CS) and sales performance among wineries in New York State's Finger Lakes region. Design/methodology/approach – A survey instrument was used to collect data from visitors to winery tasting rooms in the Finger Lakes. Responses from 457 visitors were collected from nine wineries during the period June 2010 through November 2010. The authors used a factor analysis to identify the primary drivers of CS. Then, the authors modeled the relationship between these drivers and overall CS and assessed the impact of CS on sales, purchase and repurchase intentions. Findings – The authors found five principal drivers of CS: ambience, tasting protocol, service, retail execution, and tasting experience. Of these, ambience and service exerted the most influence on overall CS. Furthermore, as expected, CS significantly influences purchase intentions, the amount of dollars spent and quantity purchased. Practical implications – The results provide valuable information to winery tasting room managers/owners on measures they can use to improve sales performance. Identifying attributes of the tasting room that generate a positive customer reaction can help winery managers/owners make profit-maximizing decisions. Originality/value – While the links between CS and sales performance have been established in other product sectors, few studies have focused on a comprehensive assessment of CS and sales performance in wine tasting rooms.
13
Yue, Chen, Ramu Govindasamy, and Kathleen Kelley. "Mid-Atlantic wine tourism consumer preference: an econometric approach." International Journal of Wine Business Research 31, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-03-2018-0011.
Анотація:
Purpose Using an econometric approach, this study aims to examine Mid-Atlantic USA wine consumers’ willingness to participate in winery or vineyard tours based on their wine knowledge, wine drinking occasions, demographical factors, past experience with wine tourism and wine purchasing behaviors. Design/methodology/approach An internet-based consumer survey (N = 977) conducted 22-24 October 2014 was used to collect data. The screening criteria for the survey participants were: 1) being a resident of the Mid-Atlantic region (New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA), 2) at least 21 years old, 3) not an industry member, and 4) having purchased and consumed wine within the past year. In addition to descriptive statistics, a logistic regression was used to estimate consumers’ willingness to participate in winery or vineyard tours. Independent variables were categorized into five groups: sources of wine knowledge, wine drinking occasions, demographical factors, past experience and wine purchasing behaviors. Findings With 736 valid observations, the logistic regression shows that males are more likely to be interested in winery or vineyard tours, while young adults (<25 years old) are less likely. Learning about wines from winery tasting room staff members, from wine magazines or from local and regional magazines are the top three positive influencers on interest in these activities. Past wine tourism experience in the Mid-Atlantic region, drinking wine as an everyday beverage and giving wines as gifts also show a positive relationship with likelihood of participating in these activities. Practical implications Study results can help the Mid-Atlantic wine industry understand wine tourists’ behaviors and preferences. Advertising in wine magazines and local and regional magazines can be used to target wine consumers interested in winery or vineyard tours. Attributes (i.e. past experience with wine tourism and gaining knowledge from winery tasting room staff) that are related to the quality of wine tourism experience were identified. Participants were also interested in purchasing wine from the winery during or after participating in wine tourism activities; therefore, wineries should focus on guest interactions to encourage such purchases. Originality/value This survey collected data from both consumers who had or who lacked wine tourism experience, which allowed us to gather input from wine drinkers who had not necessarily visited tasting rooms. This survey instrument can be used to collect data from wine consumers residing in regions where the presence of wineries and wine tourism is low, which can provide insight that otherwise might be influenced by currently offered wine tourism activities. This paper uses an econometric approach to understand consumer interests in wine tourism in the Mid-Atlantic region and provides a comprehensive, clear and informative profile of likely wine tourism participants who reside in a region that has not been studied comprehensively.
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Martin, V., L. Fariña, K. Medina, E. Boido, E. Dellacassa, A. Mas, and F. Carrau. "Oenological attributes of the yeast Hanseniaspora vineaeand its application for white and red winemaking." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191202010.
Анотація:
Flavour and some compounds associated with wine colour are known to be yeast strain-dependent. These metabolites are important for the sensory quality of wines, studies searching for increase aroma and color are a key area today in winemaking. The aim of this work was to study the oenological potential of the two main strains of Hanseniaspora vineae,native to Uruguay to better understand their successful application at winery level. It is known that these strains contribute with extracellular proteases and β-glucosidase enzyme activities that might increase cell lysis and flavor depending in grape varieties. Application and nutrient management of the process of these strains in production of white wines (Chardonnay, Macabeo and Petit Manseng) and red wine Tannat are discussed. Wines were evaluated to determine the volatile compounds composition and their effect compared to conventional processes. Low production of short and medium chain fatty acids and ethyl esters, and high production of acetate esters and isoprenoids are found compared to S. cerevisiaestrains. The most outstanding characteristic of the species H. vineaewas the production of benzenoids, phenylpropanoids and acetate esters. This behavior was reflected in the sensory evaluation, where all the fermentations performed with H. vineaewere considered superior compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiaewine strains.
15
Tayengwa, Tawanda, and Cletos Mapiye. "Citrus and Winery Wastes: Promising Dietary Supplements for Sustainable Ruminant Animal Nutrition, Health, Production, and Meat Quality." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103718.
Анотація:
Citrus and grapes are the most widely grown fruits globally, with one-third of total production used for juice and wine making. The juice and winemaking processes generate large quantities of solid organic wastes including citrus pulp and grape pomace. These fruit wastes pose serious economic, environmental, and social challenges, especially in low-to-middle-income countries due to financial, technological, and infrastructural limitations. They are, however, rich in valuable compounds which can be utilized in the ruminant livestock industry as novel, economical, and natural sources of cellulose, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals, which have nutritional, anthelmintic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Despite citrus and grape fruit wastes having such potential, they remain underexploited by the livestock industry in low-to-middle-income countries owing to lack of finance, skills, technology, and infrastructure. Inclusion of these fruit wastes in ruminant diets could combine the desirable effects of enhancing animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality attributes with the prevention of challenges associated with their disposal into the environment. The current review explores the valorization potential of citrus and winery wastes as dietary supplements to sustainably enhance ruminant animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality.
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Cagle, Alexander E., Alona Armstrong, Giles Exley, Steven M. Grodsky, Jordan Macknick, John Sherwin, and Rebecca R. Hernandez. "The Land Sparing, Water Surface Use Efficiency, and Water Surface Transformation of Floating Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installations." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 8154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198154.
Анотація:
Floating photovoltaic solar energy installations (FPVs) represent a new type of water surface use, potentially sparing land needed for agriculture and conservation. However, standardized metrics for the land sparing and resource use efficiencies of FPVs are absent. These metrics are critical to understanding the environmental and ecological impacts that FPVs may potentially exhibit. Here, we compared techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of four FPVs spanning different climatic regimes. Next, we defined and quantified the land sparing and water surface use efficiency (WSUE) of each FPV. Lastly, we coined and calculated the water surface transformation (WST) using generation data at the world’s first FPV (Far Niente Winery, California). The four FPVs spare 59,555 m2 of land and have a mean land sparing ratio of 2.7:1 m2 compared to ground-mounted PVs. Mean direct and total capacity-based WSUE is 94.5 ± 20.1 SD Wm−2 and 35.2 ± 27.4 SD Wm−2, respectively. Direct and total generation-based WST at Far Niente is 9.3 and 13.4 m2 MWh−1 yr−1, respectively; 2.3 times less area than ground-mounted utility-scale PVs. Our results reveal diverse techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of FPVs, the capacity of FPVs to spare land, and the utility of WSUE and WST metrics.
17
Martinho, Vítor João Pereira Domingues. "Contributions from Literature for Understanding Wine Marketing." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 7468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137468.
Анотація:
Marketing for wines is a determinant tool for several stakeholders within the wine sector, but there are not many studies concerning the topic “wine marketing” and even fewer that take a bibliometric approach. In turn, wine is a strategic agri-food product for the economy of several countries around the world, particularly in Mediterranean countries. Beyond the economic level, wine has an environmental, social, and cultural dimension. All these dimensions have implications in any plan for the wine sector and should be taken into account. In addition, these dimensions change around the world in accordance with different local factors. In this way, sometimes, it is not easy to design adjusted marketing plans for the wine sector, namely, in international markets. Taking the frameworks into account, the main objective of this study is to explore the scientific documents available on scientific platforms, namely, in the Web of Science, related to “wine marketing”. These studies (87 documents) were first explored through bibliometric software, such as the VOSviewer and the Atlas.ti, and then analyzed individually to capture the main insights shown by the scientific literature about wine marketing. To better organize the literature survey, with the information obtained from the bibliometric analysis, the following indexes were identified through factor analysis: “supply index”, “demand index”, “winery strategy index”, “tourism index”, “innovation index”, and “wine characteristics index”. The supply index highlights questions related to new technologies, climate change, logistics in international markets, institutions and regulations, being the main factors that influence wine producers. The demand index stresses the relevance, for consumers, of the relationship between the price and quality of a wine. On the other hand, younger consumers, in general, consume wine outdoors while socializing, giving importance to the label, often when the wine is recommended by someone. Older consumers give greater importance to the wine’s variety and to its region of origin. The winery strategy index shows the importance of questions relating to agri-chains, market differentiation, the history, and the brand. The tourism index brings together aspects associated with the complementarity between activities in the wine sector, wine routes, and contributions from culture and landscape. The innovation index highlights aspects related to the quality and the perceptions of the consumers. Finally, the wine characteristics index shows the little importance given by scientific literature relating to wine marketing and to attributes such as alcohol. A search on the Web of Science for the topic addressed here and “bibliometric” showed that there has been no research carried out with the approach taken here, showing the novelty of this study.
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Devigili, Matteo, Tommaso Pucci, and Lorenzo Zanni. "From firm’s brand identity to cluster’s brand identity: a web-based analysis of Tuscan wineries." International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 374–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-09-2017-0057.
Анотація:
PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the brand identity drivers used online by wineries and to assess cluster identity from the analysis of firms’ specific branding strategies.Design/methodology/approachChianti, Chianti Classico and Brunello di Montalcino wine clusters (located in Tuscany, Italy) were selected as the set for this study. A total of 452 wineries websites were analyzed using a text frequency query, and the results were further examined through a discriminant analysis.FindingsThe theoretical framework was modeled after a careful analysis of the literature and is composed of three macro-areas of identity drivers: locational, product/process and social attributes. The analysis of winery websites shows the presence of all the drivers examined, which explain not only the wineries’ specific strategies but also the drivers of a particular cluster’s brand identity. A discriminant analysis highlighted that some drivers are able to explain the unique characteristics of the three clusters.Originality/valueThis research seeks to build a holistic investigation of all the identity drivers used by firms online. The specific brand identity focus and the holistic approach can enrich both academics and practitioners with a framework of current branding strategies.
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Gómez-Brandón, María, Manuel Aira, Natielo Santana, Marcos Pérez-Losada, and Jorge Domínguez. "Temporal Dynamics of Bacterial Communities in a Pilot-Scale Vermireactor Fed with Distilled Grape Marc." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050642.
Анотація:
Vermicomposting has been found as a profitable approach to dispose of and treat large quantities of raw grape marc. However, less information is available with regard to its efficiency for treating distillery winery byproducts, even though distillation has been widely used as a way to economically valorize grape marc. As such, we sought to characterize the compositional and functional changes in bacterial communities during vermicomposting of distilled grape marc by using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Samples were collected at the initiation of vermicomposting and at days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. There were significant changes (p < 0.0001) in the bacterial community composition of distilled grape marc after 14 days of vermicomposting that were accompanied by twofold increases in bacterial richness and diversity from a taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective. This was followed by significant increases in functional diversity of the bacterial community, including metabolic capacity, lignin and cellulose metabolism, and salicylic acid synthesis. These findings indicate that the most striking compositional and functional bacterial community changes took place during the active phase of the process. They also pinpoint functional attributes that may be related to the potential beneficial effects of distilled grape marc vermicompost when applied on soil and plants.
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Kansara, Surendra. "Exploring the wine sector in the Nashik district of India." International Journal of Wine Business Research 32, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-10-2018-0058.
Анотація:
Purpose In India, Nashik District of Maharashtra State is a major Indian wine-producing region. This study aims to critically explore multiple aspects of an area and bring to the forefront of various sociological or educational variables (Kerlinger, 1973). The variables can help in the generation of the conjectures and premises. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, to explore the wine sector in the Nashik District of India total 304 number of wine products and its pricing along with a total 26 number of wineries attributes has evaluated by collecting details of different product attributes of wine products and retail pricing. These were regressed with backward integration to arrive at the characteristics that govern wine prices. Concerning their motivation for wine tourism, a survey of 197 visitors conducted. Seven winery owners/ officials were interviewed that includes the Coordinator of the Wineries association. The interview schedule included open-ended questions. Thus, providing more in-depth insight into the wine sector in the Nashik District of India. Findings An investigation of the wine industry in the Nashik district of India suggests the potential for combined effects between wineries, local communities and the economy by discovering the sociological or educational variables associated with the considered geographic region. Research limitations/implications The research is the field study aimed at discovering the relations or interactions among sociological or educational variables. There can be variables beyond the considered variables affecting the wine product mix and pricing, wine tourism motivation factors and the factors responsible for the economic development of the region. Originality/value The empirical research throws light on an unexplored wine-producing region and its potential impact on livelihood. The exploratory study discovers the interactions among educational variables, as asserted by Kerlinger (1973). It can also help in the generation of premises about the wine sector from the area.
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Oliver Simancas, Rodrigo, María Consuelo Díaz-Maroto, María Elena Alañón Pardo, Paula Pérez Porras, Ana Belén Bautista-Ortín, Encarna Gómez-Plaza, and María Soledad Pérez-Coello. "Effect of Power Ultrasound Treatment on Free and Glycosidically-Bound Volatile Compounds and the Sensorial Profile of Red Wines." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041193.
Анотація:
This study presents the effect of the application of high-power ultrasound to crushed grapes, at a winery-scale, on the content of varietal volatile compounds (free and glycosidically-bound) in musts and on the overall aroma of wines. Two different frequencies (20 kHz and 28 kHz) were tested and the combination of grape sonication and different maceration times on wine aroma was also evaluated. The volatile compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, carrying out a sensory evaluation of wines by quantitative descriptive analysis. Sonication produced an increase in the concentration of free varietal compounds such as C6 alcohols, terpenes and norisoprenoids in musts and also in wines made by 48 h of skin maceration, being less efficient in the extraction of the bound fraction. Fermentation compounds were also positively affected by ultrasound treatment, although this effect was variable depending on the frequency used, the maceration time and the type of compound. All the wines made from sonicated grapes had better scores in the evaluated olfactory attributes with respect to the control wines. Our results indicate that sonication could produce an increase in the content of some volatile compounds of sensory relevance, obtaining wines with an aroma quality similar or higher than those elaborated with longer maceration times.
22
Moote, Paul E., John S. Church, Karen S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, and Jonathan D. Van Hamme. "Effect of Fermented Winery By-Product Supplemented Rations on the Temperament and Meat Quality of Angus-Hereford X Steers During Feeding in a British Columbia Feedlot." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 6 (August 20, 2014): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n6p124.
Анотація:
<p class="OJAS-Paragraph-text">Novel value-added beef products provide improved product differentiation within the beef marketplace. This study evaluated the impacts of supplementing feeds with fermented winery by-products (WB) to produce the novel beef product labeled by industry as “wine-finished beef”. To evaluate the impact of this feed, a total of 69 Angus-Hereford X steers were placed in four pens (n=18,17,17,17), one replicate pen per treatment, and fed finishing rations containing equal amounts of either 6-7% WB or 6-7% water (Control; C) over a 143 day feeding period. Dietary treatments were not significantly different with respect to energy or chemical contents (<em>P </em>> 0.05). Interestingly, the average daily gains (ADG; kg*d<sup>-1</sup>) of cattle did not differ between diets (<em>P </em>> 0.05); however, the ADG of all beef cattle changed over the feeding period (<em>P </em>< 0.0041). Cattle temperament, evaluated by measuring their flight speed, changed over time (<em>P</em> = 0.0097), but not between diets (<em>P </em>= 0.6938). Meat quality attributes including chemical, colour, and tenderness properties did not differ (<em>P </em>> 0.05) between diets with the exception of ground steak, which was darker (<em>P </em>= 0.0477) in cattle fed WB compared to C supplemented feeds, respectively. Supplementing cattle feeds with WB provides a new marketing stream for beef products with no observed differences to cattle behaviour, animal gains or meat tenderness.</p>
23
Quadri-Felitti, Donna, and Ann Marie Fiore. "Wine tourism suppliers’ and visitors’ experiential priorities." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0224.
Анотація:
Purpose – This study aims to investigate the alignment of experience economy design priorities and perceptions of rural wine tourism suppliers (i.e. winery-farm owners, restaurateurs retailers, lodging providers, attraction operators) with tourists’ perceived experiences. Design/methodology/approach – Adapting the 4E (educational, escapist, esthetic and entertainment) measurement scales of Oh et al. (2007), a cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data from 169 suppliers and 970 wine tourists. Factor analyses, t-tests and ANOVA tests were used to explore differences. Findings – Supply-side cohesion among the four supplier groups appeared across all experiential design priorities and across three of the 4Es regarding their perceptions of the destination; esthetics was the exception. Significant differences between suppliers’ design priorities and visitors’ experiential perceptions were found on three experiential dimensions, and alignment on esthetics was revealed. Research limitations/implications – Unique attributes of the destination may have affected the results with further development of the supplier measurement scale recommended. Results of the tests that used surrogate variables should be approached with caution. Practical implications – The study underscores the esthetic experience’s importance to wine tourists and suppliers alike. Results suggest where suppliers should focus their efforts to improve wine tourists’ experiences and what suppliers may expect to emphasize rather than those emphasized by destination managers, i.e. entertainment and education. Originality/value – This is the first study to compare experience economy priorities of multiple supply-side stakeholders and wine tourists’ perceived experiences.
24
Duarte Alonso, Abel. "An exploration of Cava wineries: a resource-based approach." International Journal of Wine Business Research 29, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-11-2015-0050.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this exploratory study is to identify the most important resources, and emerging issues among Spain’s Cava wineries, including opportunities and challenges, from predominantly winery operators, and through the lens of the resource-based view of the firm (RBVF). Design/methodology/approach Unstructured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with the representatives of five Cava firms, and with the manager of the local Institute of Cava in Sant Sadurnà d’Anoia, Spain. In addition, owners/managers of seven other Cava wineries provided responses and comments via email. Findings The attributes pertaining to the RBVF, such as valuable, rare, imperfect imitable resources, and (non)substitutability emerged in the present study, illustrated by the local designation of origin, tradition/history, territory, specific grape varietals and increased perceived quality of Cava products. To address pressing challenges and maximise opportunities, particularly the decline of domestic Cava consumption, participants underline strategies to gain more exposure in international wine consumer markets, and also benefit from the growing popularity of gastronomy and wine tourism. Originality/value Originality and value in this research are demonstrated in two ways. First, the study focuses on a region, which, despite its long history and tradition, has received limited attention from the academic literature, especially in recent years. Second, the study adopts the RBVF to facilitate understanding of contemporary issues affecting Cava wineries, and in aligning theory and findings. To date, this theoretical framework has been marginally adopted to examine the wine industry; this limitation is even more evident within the Cava industry.
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Vilela, Alice. "Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts and Organic Wines Fermentation: Implications on Human Health." Fermentation 6, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6020054.
Анотація:
A relevant trend in winemaking is to reduce the use of chemical compounds in both the vineyard and winery. In organic productions, synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms must be avoided, aiming to achieve the production of a “safer wine”. Safety represents a big threat all over the world, being one of the most important goals to be achieved in both Western society and developing countries. An occurrence in wine safety results in the recovery of a broad variety of harmful compounds for human health such as amines, carbamate, and mycotoxins. The perceived increase in sensory complexity and superiority of successful uninoculated wine fermentations, as well as a thrust from consumers looking for a more “natural” or “organic” wine, produced with fewer additives, and perceived health attributes has led to more investigations into the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking, namely in organic wines. However, the use of copper and sulfur-based molecules as an alternative to chemical pesticides, in organic vineyards, seems to affect the composition of grape microbiota; high copper residues can be present in grape must and wine. This review aims to provide an overview of organic wine safety, when using indigenous and/or non-Saccharomyces yeasts to perform fermentation, with a special focus on some metabolites of microbial origin, namely, ochratoxin A (OTA) and other mycotoxins, biogenic amines (BAs), and ethyl carbamate (EC). These health hazards present an increased awareness of the effects on health and well-being by wine consumers, who also enjoy wines where terroir is perceived and is a characteristic of a given geographical area. In this regard, vineyard yeast biota, namely non-Saccharomyces wine-yeasts, can strongly contribute to the uniqueness of the wines derived from each specific region.
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Devi, Toijam Sarika, Bijoylaxmi Sarmah, K. N. Dewangan, and Neeraj Kumar Phookan. "In Search of a Blue Ocean in the Indian Wine Industry." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 10, no. 2 (August 2021): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22779779211028550.
Анотація:
Naara-Aaba is an indigenous wine innovated by a woman who could predict a beautiful end to her vision of brewing wine from the sacred but exotic fruit kiwi. The brand was launched in 2017 at Hong village of Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh by Tage Rita Takhe; an engineer turned entrepreneur through her venture M/s Lambu Subu Food & Beverages. The brand was named after her late father-in-law lovingly known as ‘Naara’ and ‘Aaba’ meaning father. The motto of the company is to fight a social problem that wreaks havoc across the region, namely the suicides of thousands of farmers who cannot pay back their debt due to drought, poor harvest, and sometimes exacerbated by climate. Rita started her winery facing these hurdles and a field abundant in kiwi fruits. Despite facing many challenges such as lack of efficient production infrastructure, market connectivity, and minimum support from the government machinery, she has created a niche market in the wine industry. This case aims to establish the applicability of the Blue Ocean strategy by applying the tools to create an uncontested market space for Naara-Aaba, the first organic kiwi wine from the north-eastern states of India and second in the world after New Zealand. Research question: How to apply Blue Ocean strategy for the brand Naara-Aaba so that the competition becomes irrelevant? Theory: Blue Ocean theory Type of the case: Applied problem solving Basis of the case: Phenomenon-creating uncontested space in the market Protagonist: Present Findings: The findings revealed that implementing a Blue Ocean strategy will open up new uncontested market spaces for the brand to grow profitably. This case study shows how to apply Blue Ocean strategy for a wine brand. Discussion: Blue Ocean strategy advocates that by eliminating unnecessary attributes, reducing all features that pushes up the cost, raising utility, and creating higher value, a brand can redefine its market where competition is non-existent.
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Frick, Bernd. "The Legacy of Gurus: The Impact of Armin Diel and Joel Payne on Winery Ratings in Germany." Journal of Wine Economics 15, no. 4 (November 2020): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2020.36.
Анотація:
AbstractChanges in winery ratings in leading wine guides, that is, improvements as well as deteriorations, are typically attributed to corresponding changes in the quality of the wines produced by the respective winery. What remains unexplored in this context is changes in editorship and/or changes in the composition of the wine tasting teams working for the respective guide. Using data from two particularly prestigious German wine guides (Gault Millau and Vinum), this paper shows that these latter changes have a rather small, yet statistically significant impact on changes in winery ratings. Thus, consumers are well-advised to consider these changes before making their purchasing decision. (JEL Classifications: L21, M30, Q13)
28
Franz, Mathias, Emily McLean, Jenny Tung, Jeanne Altmann, and Susan C. Alberts. "Self-organizing dominance hierarchies in a wild primate population." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1512.
Анотація:
Linear dominance hierarchies, which are common in social animals, can profoundly influence access to limited resources, reproductive opportunities and health. In spite of their importance, the mechanisms that govern the dynamics of such hierarchies remain unclear. Two hypotheses explain how linear hierarchies might emerge and change over time. The ‘prior attributes hypothesis’ posits that individual differences in fighting ability directly determine dominance ranks. By contrast, the ‘social dynamics hypothesis’ posits that dominance ranks emerge from social self-organization dynamics such as winner and loser effects. While the prior attributes hypothesis is well supported in the literature, current support for the social dynamics hypothesis is limited to experimental studies that artificially eliminate or minimize individual differences in fighting abilities. Here, we present the first evidence supporting the social dynamics hypothesis in a wild population. Specifically, we test for winner and loser effects on male hierarchy dynamics in wild baboons, using a novel statistical approach based on the Elo rating method for cardinal rank assignment, which enables the detection of winner and loser effects in uncontrolled group settings. Our results demonstrate (i) the presence of winner and loser effects, and (ii) that individual susceptibility to such effects may have a genetic basis. Taken together, our results show that both social self-organization dynamics and prior attributes can combine to influence hierarchy dynamics even when agonistic interactions are strongly influenced by differences in individual attributes. We hypothesize that, despite variation in individual attributes, winner and loser effects exist (i) because these effects could be particularly beneficial when fighting abilities in other group members change over time, and (ii) because the coevolution of prior attributes and winner and loser effects maintains a balance of both effects.
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Morris, Justin R. "Development and Commercialization of a Complete Vineyard Mechanization System." HortTechnology 17, no. 4 (January 2007): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.4.411.
Анотація:
A major research thrust of the University of Arkansas Enology and Viticulture Program for the past 37 years has been the development of a total vineyard mechanization system. This new system allows the mechanization of almost all practices in vineyard operations, including dormant and summer pruning, leaf removal, shoot and fruit thinning, canopy management, and harvesting while fruit quality is maintained or enhanced. Research efforts aimed to accomplish these tasks on the 12 major trellising systems used throughout the industry and to derive plans for the sequencing and timing of operations on each of the trellis systems. In 2002, the University of Arkansas patented the Morris-Oldridge Vineyard Mechanization System (M-O System). OXBO International Corp., Clear Lake, WI, purchased the patent and market M-O System components under the name Korvan™ Vineyard System. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanized (machine-farmed) pruning, shoot thinning, and fruit thinning using the M-O System vs. traditional methods of canopy management using hand labor (hand-farmed) in a commercial Vitis vinifera vineyard in the central coast region of California. V. vinifera cultivars evaluated included Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, and Syrah trellised on a lyre system and Merlot, Zinfandel, and Sangiovese trellised on a vertical shoot-positioned (VSP) system. Yield, fruit growth, fruit composition, wine quality, wine sensory attributes, and economics of mechanization were evaluated on machine- and hand-farmed grapes. Mechanized studies were initiated at French Camp Vineyards, Santa Margarita, CA, in 2002. French Camp Vineyards used a balanced cropping concept which incorporated three operations: 1) machine dormant pruning, 2) machine shoot thinning, and 3) machine fruit thinning. Results of research from 2002 to 2005 showed that yield and quality characteristics of machine-farmed grapes were not statistically different from those of hand-farmed grapes for the V. vinifera cultivars in this study. Wines from each cultivar and treatment were produced at a commercial winery and after appropriate aging, were sensory-evaluated by a professional wine analysis service. Few sensory differences were found between wines from the two farming systems. Further objective analyses of the wine components showed no commercially practical differences. In 2006, cost estimates were derived for the three vineyard activities necessary to achieve balanced cropping. Use of machine farming for balanced cropping operations resulted in savings over hand farming of 45% on the lyre trellis, 49% on the VSP system, and 62% on the quadrilateral trellis for the operations studied. Studies of mechanization of vineyard activities using the M-O System to achieve balanced cropping have shown that grapes and their wines were equivalent to those obtained using hand labor for these operations with the added benefit of cost savings for the operations evaluated.
30
Zhou, Yan Yue, Chen Li, and Ge Zhu. "Online Multi-Attribute Reverse Auction Mechanism Design Based on Utility." Advanced Engineering Forum 1 (September 2011): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.1.405.
Анотація:
A good auction mechanism is able to release the information who owns to the other side who lacks of. In order to ensure a positive flow of information and to improve the active participation of suppliers, negotiation mechanism is introduced, and suppliers can participate in the design of auction mechanism. Several rounds of English auction is applied to determining the final winner. Taking into account that the buyer has a preference on the property, we use AHP to calculate final weights, and use multi-attribute utility function to calculate the greatest utility as the winner.
31
Genovese, Alessandro, Ferdinando Mondola, Antonello Paduano, and Raffaele Sacchi. "Biophenolic Compounds Influence the In-Mouth Perceived Intensity of Virgin Olive Oil Flavours and Off-Flavours." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081969.
Анотація:
In this study, the influence of phenolic compounds on the sensory scores attributed to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by panel test was investigated. Two model olive oils (MOOs) with identical concentrations of volatile compounds, differing only in the amount of biophenols (297 vs. 511 mg kg−1), were analysed by two official panels and by SPME-GC/MS. Six other MOOs set up by the two previous models were also tested and analysed. They were formulated separately with the addition of three off-flavours (‘rancid’, ‘winey–vinegary’ and ‘fusty–muddy’). While high levels of EVOO phenolic compounds did not produce any effect on the headspace concentration of volatile compounds, they did affect the scores of both positive and negative sensory attributes of EVOO, due to the well-known in-mouth interactions between EVOO phenols, saliva and volatile compounds. In particular, a decrease of about 39% in the positive fruity score was found in the presence of a higher concentration of phenols. Regarding EVOO off-flavours, the higher level of phenolic compounds decreased by about 23% the score of ‘fusty–muddy’ defect and increased the score of ‘winey–vinegary’ defect about 733%. No important effect of EVOO phenolics on the perceived intensity of the ‘rancid’ defect was found. These findings could be helpful in explaining some discrepancies of panel test responses observed during extra virgin olive oil shelf life.
32
Gao, Guang-Xin. "Sustainable Winner Determination for Public-private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Multi-Attribute Reverse Auctions." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 4129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114129.
Анотація:
Selection of a sustainable private partner (contractor) is significant to ensure the success of public-private partnership (PPP) projects. In recent years, multi-attribute reverse auctions (MARAs) are widely used in public procurement to select the desirable contractor. However, the MARA mechanism is neglected in the existing studies. The purpose of this paper is to present a MARA framework for selecting a sustainable contractor in PPP infrastructure projects, in which the MARA rules and an integrated winner determination method are involved. In particular, the sustainability considerations are incorporated in the MARA rules, which can make the potential contractors have incentives to improve their sustainable performance. Within the MARA rules, based on the trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic representation model and the classical two-additive Choquet (TAC) integral operator, a winner determination method is developed to evaluate and rank potential contractors, in which both the bid evaluation and the interrelationships among bid evaluation attributes are considered. Finally, the potential of the proposed method is shown through an illustrative case of a PPP project of a subway construction in China. The MARA framework investigated helps governments make reliable decisions in sustainable procurement and thereby facilitates successful project delivery.
33
Mulidzi, A. R. "Winery and distillery wastewater treatment by constructed wetland with shorter retention time." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 10 (May 1, 2010): 2611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.206.
Анотація:
The rationale for using constructed wetlands for treating wastewater is that wetlands are naturally among the most biological active ecosystem on earth. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of shorter retention time on the performance of constructed wetland in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and other elements removal. The application of wastewater with retention time of seven days as well as the evaluation of water quality after treatment at Goudini experimental wetland was carried out throughout the year. The results had shown an overall average COD removal of 60% throughout the year. Results also showed reasonable removal of other elements namely; potassium, pH, nitrogen, electrical conductivity, calcium, sodium, magnesium and boron from the wastewater by constructed wetlands. The results showed low COD removal during July until September after which it improved tremendously. The reason for low COD removal during first three months could be attributed to the fact that there was no gradual increase of wastewater application to the wetlands i.e. from 4,050 litres per day to 8,100 litres per day. The results had showed that constructed wetland as a secondary treatment system is effective in terms of COD and other elements removal from winery and distillery wastewater. COD removal throughout the year was 60% with seven days retention time. When compared with previous studies that showed 80% COD removal within 14 days retention time, therefore the 60% removal is very critical to wine industries as more wastewater will be applied to the system.
34
Wang, Wenguang, Yonglin Xu, Chunhui Du, Yunwen Chen, Yijie Wang, and Hui Wen. "Data Set and Evaluation of Automated Construction of Financial Knowledge Graph." Data Intelligence 3, no. 3 (2021): 418–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00108.
Анотація:
With the technological development of entity extraction, relationship extraction, knowledge reasoning, and entity linking, the research on knowledge graph has been carried out in full swing in recent years. To better promote the development of knowledge graph, especially in the Chinese language and in the financial industry, we built a high-quality data set, named financial research report knowledge graph (FR2KG), and organized the automated construction of financial knowledge graph evaluation at the 2020 China Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing Conference (CCKS2020). FR2KG consists of 17,799 entities, 26,798 relationship triples, and 1,328 attribute triples covering 10 entity types, 19 relationship types, and 6 attributes. Participants are required to develop a constructor that will automatically construct a financial knowledge graph based on the FR2KG. In addition, we summarized the technologies for automatically constructing knowledge graphs, and introduced the methods used by the winners and the results of this evaluation.
35
Ma, Benjiang, Zhongmin Zhou, Muhammad Farhan Bashir, and Yuanji Huang. "A Multi-Attribute Reverse Auction Model on Margin Bidding." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 37, no. 06 (September 15, 2020): 2050032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595920500323.
Анотація:
Multi-attribute reverse auction has many advantages for the buyer with the multi-dimensional attribute requirements. However, it is hard to design an optimal auction mechanism for the scenario in practice. Therefore, this paper presents a method transforming multi-attribute auction into single-attribute auction by bidding in deposit. The analysis indicates that our method can reduce not only the transaction risk caused by the supplier’s bid abandonment but also the operating cost and complexity of the multi-attribute auction. Besides, our method meets the incentive compatibility and participation constraint conditions by promising that the highest bidding supplier is the winner in the Auction and can obtain higher expected profits than traditional auctions for the buyer.
36
Gao, Hui Sheng, and Ying Min Li. "An Efficient Communication Network SDH Alarm Association Rule Mining Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1870.
Анотація:
WINEPI algorithm is kind of data mining technology that is widely used in alarm association rules mining. Based on the classic WINEPI algorithm, we apply event window instead of time window to improve the exploration result, meanwhile we use FP-Growth algorithm framework instead of Apriori algorithm framework , thus improving efficiency. Based on the alarm time attribute we find interesting alarm association rules further. Experiments show that compared with the classic WINEPI algorithm our improved approach have advantages in reducing the mining error rate and gaining more interesting alarm association rules.
37
Beacham, Jeffery. "Models of Dominance Hierarchy Formation: Effects of Prior Experience and Intrinsic Traits." Behaviour 140, no. 10 (2003): 1275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853903771980594.
Анотація:
AbstractResults of experimental research are used to develop theoretical models of dominance hierarchy formation that incorporate effects of prior aggressive experience and body size. A combination of analytical models and computer simulations confirm previous theoretical treatments showing that intrinsic attributes such as body size fail to account for the degree of hierarchy linearity observed in nature for typical within-group variance of such attributes. Moreover, these models explain the mathematical dynamics of the operation of winner/loser effects during hierarchy formation. Additionally, I present an analysis of these models which shows that the degree to which relationships of component triads (all combinations of three individuals in a group) within a hierarchy develop sequentially can have a significant effect on linearity and is an emergent feature of prior experience effects that previously has not been examined. I explain how this feature can operate through physical and behavioral features of social groups that increase physical proximity of subgroups within a larger group, thus increasing the probability of sequential relationship development in component triads, which in turn provides the conditions for winner/loser effects to significantly increase the probability of component triad transitivity and hierarchy linearity.
38
Brewer, Jennifer. "Actualizing marine policy engagement." Dialogues in Human Geography 7, no. 1 (March 2017): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820617691648.
Анотація:
Authors Winder and Le Heron (2017) call on geographers to engage in marine policy venues associated with the Blue Economy agenda. This commentary suggests a pragmatic approach, drawing on our human–environment and spatial traditions and bridging positivist and critical constructivist epistemologies. Biophysical attributes of ocean environments create diffuse publics. Examples from fisheries and marine planning illustrate how geographers can lend expertise in scalar and socio-spatial complexity.
39
Zavala-Díaz de la Serna, Francisco Javier, Ricardo Contreras-López, L. Paola Lerma-Torres, Francisco Ruiz-Terán, Beatriz A. Rocha-Gutiérrez, Samuel B. Pérez-Vega, Leslie R. Elías-Ogaz, and Ivan Salmerón. "Understanding the Biosynthetic Changes that Give Origin to the Distinctive Flavor of Sotol: Microbial Identification and Analysis of the Volatile Metabolites Profiles During Sotol (Dasylirion sp.) Must Fermentation." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071063.
Анотація:
In northern Mexico, the distilled spirit sotol with a denomination of origin is made from species of Dasylirion. The configuration of the volatile metabolites produced during the spontaneous fermentation of Dasylirion sp. must is insufficiently understood. In this study, the aim was to investigate the composition of the microbial consortia, describe the variation of volatile metabolites, and relate such profiles with their particular flavor attributes during the fermentation of sotol (Dasylirion sp.) must. Ascomycota was the phylum of most strains identified with 75% of total abundance. The genus of fermenting yeasts constituted of 101 Pichia strains and 13 Saccharomyces strains. A total of 57 volatile metabolites were identified and grouped into ten classes. The first stage of fermentation was composed of diesel, green, fruity, and cheesy attributes due to butyl 2-methylpropanoate, octan-1-ol, ethyl octanoate, and butanal, respectively, followed by a variation to pungent and sweet descriptors due to 3-methylbutan-1-ol and butyl 2-methylpropanoate. The final stage was described by floral, ethereal-winey, and vinegar attributes related to ethyl ethanimidate, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and 2-hydroxyacetic acid. Our results improve the knowledge of the variations of volatile metabolites during the fermentation of sotol must and their contribution to its distinctive flavor.
40
Scalzo, Roberto, Massimo Morassut, and Paolo Rapisarda. "Oxygen radical scavenging capacity of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds in red and white wines." Open Life Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0095-8.
Анотація:
AbstractThe aim of the present study was the evaluation of the antioxidant content in phenolic and non-phenolic extracts of ten wine samples, trying to elucidate the potential role of unusual antioxidant compounds. Samples of wines processed from red and white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), deprived of the volatile fraction at low temperature and buffered at physiological pH, were fractionated by C18 into two fractions: FR1 and FR2. Non-phenolics, such as tartaric, malic, lactic, and succinic acids; glucose; fructose; and glycerin were mainly found in FR1, while polyphenols were present exclusively in FR2. Peroxyl radical quenching was assayed by the ORAC method, while superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were assayed by electron paramagnetic resonance. In the ORAC and superoxide assays, most of the activity was found in FR2, while in hydroxyl radical assay, the activity was found in FR1. Model solutions were used to attribute a role to the single compounds in the evaluation of wine’s ROS scavenging capacity: the ORAC and superoxide anion scavenging effects were mainly attributed to the polyphenols, averaging 94.8%, with some contribution from glycerin, particularly in white wines. Unexpectedly, the main chemical responsible for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was glycerin (56.1%), with the polyphenols scavenging at 18.1%.
41
Shil, Shubhashis Kumar, and Samira Sadaoui. "Multi-Objective Optimization in Multi-Attribute and Multi-Unit Combinatorial Reverse Auctions." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 26, no. 05 (October 2017): 1760016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213017600168.
Анотація:
This study introduces an advanced Combinatorial Reverse Auction (CRA), multi-units, multiattributes and multi-objective, which is subject to buyer and seller trading constraints. Conflicting objectives may occur since the buyer can maximize some attributes and minimize some others. To address the Winner Determination (WD) problem for this type of CRAs, we propose an optimization approach based on genetic algorithms that we integrate with our variants of diversity and elitism strategies to improve the solution quality. Moreover, by maximizing the buyer’s revenue, our approach is able to return the best solution for our complex WD problem. We conduct a case study as well as simulated testing to illustrate the importance of the diversity and elitism schemes. We also validate the proposed WD method through simulated experiments by generating large instances of our CRA problem. The experimental results demonstrate on one hand the performance of our WD method in terms of several quality measures, like solution quality, run-time complexity and trade-off between convergence and diversity, and on the other hand, it’s significant superiority to well-known heuristic and exact WD techniques that have been implemented for much simpler CRAs.
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Młynarczyk, Jolanta. "Beit Ras (Capitolias): the archaeological project (2014–2016)." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 473–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1802.
Анотація:
Polish excavations at the site of Beit Ras (ancient Capitolias) in the governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan, investigated an area in the northern part of the ancient town, to the west of the Roman-age theater. Three seasons of fieldwork were conducted, starting in 2014 with a survey using the electric resistivity method to detect ancient structures. The presence of architectural features was noted, dated by surface finds spanning a period from the 1st–2nd through the 12th–13th centuries AD. In the next two seasons, in 2015 and 2016, excavation of three archaeological trenches led to the discovery of the remains of a winery and a section of the city wall, as well as a sequence of floors. This established a chronology of usage from the Roman to the early medieval period and proved that this part of the town was mostly domestic in character, at least during the Byzantine and early Islamic periods. Evidence of destruction of a nearby church was also found, tentatively attributed to a Sassanian raid in AD 614 or soon after.
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Klinov, V. "The Problems of the American Economy Management in Paul Krugmans Works." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2009): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-8-28-42.
Анотація:
Basing on recent works by P. Krugman, the Nobel Prize winner in economics, the article considers the trends in the distribution of private incomes and factors of their formation. The key role is attributed to tax policy in governing macroeconomic processes through its influence on the distribution and final use of incomes. The occurrence of deep recessions in the U.S. economy as well as the success in overcoming acute problems in economic development depend to a great extent on the direction of tax policy.
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Ponsar, Hanna, Raphael Wiedey, and Julian Quodbach. "Hot-Melt Extrusion Process Fluctuations and Their Impact on Critical Quality Attributes of Filaments and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060511.
Анотація:
Fused deposition modeling (FDMTM) is a 3D-printing technology of rising interest for the manufacturing of customizable solid dosage forms. The coupling of hot-melt extrusion with FDMTM is favored to allow the production of pharma-grade filaments for the printing of medicines. Filament diameter consistency is a quality of great importance to ensure printability and content uniformity of 3D-printed drug delivery systems. A systematical process analysis referring to filament diameter variations has not been described in the literature. The presented study aimed at a process setup optimization and rational process analysis for filament fabrication related to influencing parameters on diameter inhomogeneity. In addition, the impact of diameter variation on the critical quality attributes of filaments (mechanical properties) and uniformity of mass of printed drug-free dosage forms was investigated. Process optimization by implementing a winder with a special haul-off unit was necessary to obtain reliable filament diameters. Subsequently, the optimized setup was used for conduction of rational extrusion analysis. The results revealed that an increased screw speed led to diameter fluctuations with a decisive influence on the mechanical resilience of filaments and mass uniformity of printed dosage forms. The specific feed load was identified as a key parameter for filament diameter consistency.
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Izar, Patrícia, Marcelo Fernández-Bolaños, Lauren Seex, Gerrit Gort, Priscila Suscke, Marcos Tokuda, Olívia Mendonça-Furtado, Michele P. Verderane, and Charlotte K. Hemelrijk. "Female emancipation in a male dominant, sexually dimorphic primate under natural conditions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): e0249039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249039.
Анотація:
In most group-living animals, a dominance hierarchy reduces the costs of competition for limited resources. Dominance ranks may reflect prior attributes, such as body size, related to fighting ability or reflect the history of self-reinforcing effects of winning and losing a conflict (the winner-loser effect), or both. As to prior attributes, in sexually dimorphic species, where males are larger than females, males are assumed to be dominant over females. As to the winner-loser effect, the computational model DomWorld has shown that despite the female’s lower initial fighting ability, females achieve some degree of dominance of females over males. In the model, this degree of female dominance increases with the proportion of males in a group. This increase was supposed to emerge from the higher fraction of fights of males among themselves. These correlations were confirmed in despotic macaques, vervet monkeys, and in humans. Here, we first investigate this hypothesis in DomWorld and next in long-term data of 9,300 observation hours on six wild groups of robust capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus; S. nigritus, and S. xanthosternos) in three Brazilian sites. We test whether both the proportion of males and degree of female dominance over males are indeed associated with a higher relative frequency of aggression among males and a higher relative frequency of aggression of females to males. We confirm these correlations in DomWorld. Next, we confirm in empirical data of capuchin monkeys that with the proportion of males in the group there is indeed an increase in female dominance over males, and in the relative frequency of both male-male aggression and aggression of females to males and that the female dominance index is significantly positively associated with male male aggression. Our results reveal that adult sex ratio influences the power relation between the sexes beyond predictions from socioecological models.
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Buskist, William. "Effective Teaching: Perspectives and Insights from Division Two's 2- and 4-Year Awardees." Teaching of Psychology 29, no. 3 (July 2002): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2903_01.
Анотація:
I surveyed Division Two's teaching award winners in the 2-year college and 4-year college and university categories to discover the qualities and attributes that make these individuals effective teachers. I found that (a) most awardees did not receive formal training in teaching; (b) many awardees believed that observations of others' effective teaching methods and feedback on their own teaching were key to their becoming effective teachers; (c) over the course of their careers, awardees generally have become more student oriented and less lecture oriented; (d) they viewed time constraints in their work as the chief obstacle limiting teaching effectiveness; and (e) relative to each other, they held different philosophies of teaching.
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Obermaier, Magdalena, Thomas Koch, and Christian Baden. "Everybody Follows the Crowd?" Journal of Media Psychology 29, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000160.
Анотація:
Abstract. Opinion polls are a well-established part of political news coverage, especially during election campaigns. At the same time, there has been controversial debate over the possible influences of such polls on voters’ electoral choices. The most prominent influence discussed is the bandwagon effect: It states that voters tend to support the expected winner of an upcoming election, and use polls to determine who the likely winner will be. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect. In addition, we inquired into the role of past electoral performances of a candidate and analyzed how these (as well as polls) are used as heuristic cues for the assessment of a candidate’s personal characteristics. Using an experimental design, we found that both polls and past election results influence participants’ expectations regarding which candidate will succeed. Moreover, higher competence was attributed to a candidate, if recipients believe that the majority of voters favor that candidate. Through this attribution of competence, both information about prior elections and current polls shaped voters’ electoral preferences.
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Iriberri, Nagore, and Pedro Rey-Biel. "Competitive Pressure Widens the Gender Gap in Performance: Evidence from a Two-stage Competition in Mathematics." Economic Journal 129, no. 620 (April 17, 2019): 1863–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12617.
Анотація:
Abstract In two-stage elimination math contests, participants from four different age groups compete to pass from stage 1 to stage 2 and later to be among the winners. Although female participants have higher maths grades at school the gender gap reverses in the two stages of the contests. More importantly, following the same individual participant across different stages, we find that the gender gap in performance increases from stage 1 to stage 2. The increase in female underperformance is attributed to higher competitive pressure and alternative explanations based on selection, discrimination and differences in reaction to increasing difficulty are ruled out.
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Nieto, Juan Antonio, Susana Santoyo, Marin Prodanov, Guillermo Reglero, and Laura Jaime. "Valorisation of Grape Stems as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants by Using a Sustainable Extraction Methodology." Foods 9, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050604.
Анотація:
Pressurized liquid extraction with ethanol:water mixtures was proposed for obtaining phenolic antioxidants from grape stems. The optimal extraction conditions were elucidated by using a central composite rotatable design (solvent (X1, 0–100% ethanol:water v/v), temperature (X2, 40–120 °C) and time (X3, 1–11 min)). Response surface methodology determined 30% ethanol:water, 120 °C and 10 min as the optimal extraction conditions regarding total phenolic content (TPC) (185.3 ± 2.9 mg gallic acid/g of extract) and antioxidant activity (3.55 ± 0.21 mmol Trolox/g, 1.22 ± 0.06 mmol Trolox/g and 1.48 ± 0.17 mmol Trolox/g of extract in ABTS, DPPH and ORAC methodologies, respectively). The antioxidant activity was attributed to total polymer procyanidins and flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers, although other phenolic compound contributions should not be ruled out. Forty-two phenolic compounds were identified in the optimal extract, mainly polymer procyanidins and, to a lesser extent, monomers and oligomers of flavan-3-ols, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, ε-viniferin, gallic and caftaric acid. Ethyl gallate, ellagic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, delphinidin-7-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were reported for the first time in grape stem extracts. In conclusion, this study highlights the use of this winery side stream as a source of antioxidants within a sustainable food system.
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Tabben, Montassar, Daniele Conte, Monoem Haddad, and Karim Chamari. "Technical and Tactical Discriminatory Factors Between Winners and Defeated Elite Karate Athletes." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0478.
Анотація:
Purpose: To assess the technical and tactical demands of elite karate athletes in relation to 3 match sequences (ie, advantage, disadvantage, and drawing) and match outcome (ie, win/defeat). Methods: One hundred twenty elite seniors’ (60 men and 60 women) World Karate Federation combats were analyzed during 2 World Championships (2012 and 2014). Specific karate attributes (strategy, technique, tactic, target, and effectiveness) were evaluated and classified into 3 sequences: advantage, disadvantage, and drawing. Results: Karatekas performed more combination techniques in disadvantage sequences than in drawing sequences (P = .011). A higher number of timed-attack actions were reported during advantage sequences than during drawing sequences (P = .048). Winners of the whole combat had higher lower-limb technique rate (1.0 [0.9] vs 0.1 [0.3]; P = .044) and less rate of timed attack (0.3 [0.5] vs 0.6 [1.0]; P = .030) than defeated karatekas during advantage and drawing sequences, respectively. Conclusions: Winners used higher lower-limb technique and less timed-attack rates than defeated karatekas in advantage and drawing sequences, respectively. Indeed, using lower-limb technique during advantageous situations could be a powerful strategy to increase the lead. Therefore, it seems fundamental for coaches of top elite karatekas to put their athletes in simulated situations and push them to increase their use of lower-limb techniques.