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Tickamyer, Ann R., and Paul E. Zopf. "American Women in Poverty." Contemporary Sociology 19, no. 1 (January 1990): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073430.
Hunt, Sheila C. "Listening to women : an ethnography of childbearing women living in poverty." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36408/.
This thesis examines the ways in which childbearing women living in poverty made sense of their lives and experiences. Based in the West Midlands, in an area of urban decay and major inequalities in health, the research focused on the lives of 25 women during their childbirth experience. The theoretical framework is feminist poststructuralism and throughout the study, I recognise that there is no single, unified woman's voice, and no universal solution to the problem of pregnancy and poverty. The thesis examines the different ways in which individual women experience pregnancy and poverty. The research draws on a range of ethnographic methods including interviews and participant observation. The fieldwork was undertaken over a two year period mainly through meetings with women in their own homes but also at the GP surgery and other more public places. The data discussed in the thesis illustrate the private stresses and strains of poverty related to how women cope with pregnancy and the demands of small children. I was especially interested in how childbearing women living in poverty were alike and how they were different. The women who contributed to this study shared a well developed sense of responsibility, doing what was right and putting their children first. They worked hard to be seen as respectable, and balanced the needs of their children with the demands of a life dominated by poverty. I considered the networks of support and the importance of grandmothers in some women's lives. I have considered the changing and varied relationships that women had with the men in their lives and the different ways in which they resolved conflict in their relationships. Some women were determined to go it alone and to rid themselves of the men in their lives. For over half the women in the sample, domestic violence was an everyday reality of their lives and I examined the similarities and differences in their experiences. I have also found evidence of the adverse effect of some midwives' attitudes towards these women. Beliefs based on stereotypes and prejudice meant that women living in poverty sometimes experienced less than adequate care. The thesis concludes by making recommendations for further research and for improving midwifery practice for the benefit of women.
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Huerta, Rossana. "The Impact on Poverty when Empowering Women Politically." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/250.
Worldwide, there is a low representation of women in elected political positions compared to men. Several studies have shown that women are more concern about women’s and children’s issues. Given that women make up a larger share of the poor, helping women could be one possible way of fighting poverty. The context in which women live can be challenged and changed by empowering women politically. Past studies conducted to analyze the impact that women politicians have on policies and investments they make will be explored in this research study. Specifically, how giving greater political power to women can be an effective strategy in fighting poverty will be analyzed. Data from 196 countries from 1997-2012 on the proportion of seats taken by women in national parliament and other various outcomes will be used in proposed study. It finds that as percentage of women increases in the national parliament, both the population below the national poverty line and children mortality rate decreases.
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Hill, Alison. "Women of the boot, gender, poverty and place." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24154.pdf.
Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.
[Truncated abstract] As a developing country, Indonesia has been struggling with complex and contentious development issues since Independence in 1945. Despite remarkable economic achievement during the New Order period (1966-1998), poverty has persisted and the benefits of development have been unequally distributed. Social welfare — the system of social security to protect the well-being of the weaker members of society has received little attention in Indonesia, both from the state and from the scholarly community. The historical neglect of social welfare in Indonesia has begun to be addressed recently, with the Social Safety Net (SSN) initiative. SSN is a social welfare program that was launched by the government of Indonesia to mitigate the deleterious impacts of the economic crisis that hit the nation in 1997. This thesis aims to assess how the SSN accommodated the needs and aspirations of poor women, particularly those who live in rural areas. The rural poor deserve attention because poverty in rural areas is widespread and often intractable, and because poverty in rural areas tends to be more invisible than in urban areas. The urban poor are more visible, because they are “in the face” of the powerful every day, and they are more likely to be able to access agencies of power than the rural poor.
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Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.
Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka. "The lived experiences of HIV-positive women in poverty." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013269.
The focus of this study was on the experiences of a small sample of local women who are HIVpositive and are living in poverty. The researcher was interested in exploring the psychological and social experiences of these women using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research aimed at giving these women a voice to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV in poverty. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Six themes within the participants' experiences of living with HIV were determined, namely: (I) experiences of diagnosis, (2) disclosure experiences, (3) stigma, (4) ARV experiences, (5) experiences of social support and (6) poverty. This research found that after an HIV-positive diagnosis, most women experience a variety of emotional reactions. These reactions however seem to change overtime into positive acceptance of the HIV diagnosis. Most of the women in this study preferred to use partial disclosure than to fully disclose their HJV-positive status openly to families, friends and to their community. Reasons for not using full disclosure included fear of discrimination and stigma, which included a fear of being rejected or being blamed for their status and a fear of losing relationships. It was also evident from the findings that most of the women had experienced stigma directly and therefore partial disclosure was used as a coping mechanism to protect the self from further harm. It was also revealed that stigma not only has a negative impact on disclosure but also on social support and ARV experiences. Because ofHIV-related stigma, lack of social support was a struggle that almost all the women in this study had experienced. Lack of understandings about their medication also had a negative impact of the ARV experiences. Stigmas along with poverty are the major struggles that HIV -positive women have to deal with in their day to day living. The findings of this study reveal a need for further research in this experiential area as well as campaigns and education around issues such as stigma, medication, and emotional difficulties associated with HIV.
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Yamile, Ntomboxolo. "Rural women in poverty alleviation projects: the Masihlumisane project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7312.
Masihlumisane (let’s grow together) is a community based project in a small rural community of Glenmore situated to the south of the Great Fish River Nature Reserve (GFRNR) and half way between Grahamstown and Peddie in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This rural community was established as a resettlement center during pre-1994 South African government forced removals (Hallett, 1994). Glenmore is economically and socially impoverished as there are few businesses, little economic activity and minimal social tradition in the settlement (Murray, 1989). This village is characterised by an out migration of people of an economically active age, high unemployment amongst residents, dysfunctional families due to parents living elsewhere in order to earn a living, and a youthful population desperate to obtain skills and experiences that will benefit them when they leave Glenmore in the future.
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Jacob, Mary Kathleen. "An exploration of the routes to empowerment for older women?" Thesis, University of Brighton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247832.
Older women have been perceived as among the least powerful groups m society expenencmg poverty both as older people and as women. Contemporary challenges to oppression and discrimination, associated with age and gender, together with the social policy focus on combating social exclusion, raise important questions about i) the meanings of social inclusion and exclusion to older women, and ii) the ways in which older women act to achieve a sense of social inclusion. The notions of social inclusion and exclusion are closely linked with the concept of power, and the associated processes of empowerment and disempowerment. Within a theoretical framework based on developing conceptions of power, this thesis examines the role of collective action in achieving a sense of inclusion and empowerment. In-depth interviews were carried out with thirty-seven older women selected to reflect their involvement in four contrasting types of collective action: • political action groups emphasising consciousness raising and change; • organisations emphasising social/leisure activities; • group activity based around learning/education; • voluntary activity as well as a group of women who, through choice or circumstances, were not involved in collective action. Emerging themes were shared/reviewed/refined with five small groups made up of original participants in order to achieve a participatory and iterative process of interpretation, maximising the validity and utility of the findings. The study extends knowledge and understanding of the processes and dynamics of empowering change in the lives of older women, and in particular the potential of different forms of collective action for older women to support processes of empowerment and achieve a sense of social inclusion. It suggests that older women do not simply succumb to their circumstances, they can and do take action. However, it is important to appreciate that these actions are not always viewed as political or as resistance.
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Appel, Jenny. "Alleviating Poverty by Empowering Women the Role of Social Entrepreneurs /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05609649002/$FILE/05609649002.pdf.
Chen, Mei-Hua. "Selling body/selling pleasure : women negotiating poverty, work and sexuality." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2531/.
Anzick, Michael. Reducing poverty among elderly women. Washington, D.C: Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation and Statistics, 2001.
National Convention on Women's Studies (2nd 1990 Centre for Women's Research, Sri Lanka). Women poverty and family survival. Colombo: Centre for Women's Research, 1991.
Sanderson, Elizabeth C. "Women and Poverty." In Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century Edinburgh, 136–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24644-1_6.
Limbert, Wendy M., and Roberta A. Downing. "Low-Income Women, Critical Resistance, and Welfare Rights Activism." In Women and Poverty, 104–39. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118378748.ch5.
Callender, Claire. "Women, Dependency and Poverty." In Women and Social Work, 22–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19501-5_3.
Squire, Caroline. "Women, poverty and childbirth." In The Social Context of Birth, 33–49. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315378077-3.
Hanmer, Jalna, and Daphne Statham. "Women, Dependency and Poverty." In Women and Social Work, 40–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14567-6_3.
Loo, Peggy, Angela Gwak, and Laura Smith. "Picture a Woman: Counseling Women Living in Poverty." In Handbook of Counseling Women, 120–36. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506300290.n15.
Bergmann, Barbara R. "Lone Parents and their Poverty." In The Economic Emergence of Women, 153–73. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982582_10.
Behera, Basanta Kumara, Pramod Kumar Rout, and Shyambhavee Behera. "Rural Women Encounter Hunger and Poverty." In Move Towards Zero Hunger, 113–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9800-2_5.
Wanjala, Bernadette Mukhwana. "Women, Poverty, and Empowerment in Africa." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_106-1.
Shaheed, Farida. "Purdah and Poverty in Pakistan." In Women, Poverty and Ideology in Asia, 17–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20757-2_2.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Women in poverty":
1
Şengül, Seda, and Mahir Fisunoğlu. "Women's Poverty In Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01065.
Poverty is a persisting problem in the world. Therefore an examination of the women poverty is a very important field. Women living in poverty are increased as a following reason: 1) a growth of female-headed households, 2) intra-household inequalities and bias against women. For this reason the alleviation of poverty requires determining the women poverty levels. The data used in this study is obtained from the project on Household Income, Consumption, Saving Behavior and Poverty Level in Adana Province conducted the authors of this study and financed by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Probit model is used for determining the women poverty in Turkey. The results of this study are described the women poverty levels in Turkey based on the determinants of poverty on some socio- demographic characteristics of female-headed households. In the light of findings some policy prescriptions will be determined for reducing deprivation and vulnerability of women poverty and intra-household inequalities in Turkey.
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Durgun, Özlem. "Child Poverty in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01711.
Poverty is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty issue is examined on a sector and national levels. Addition it is examined in households and gender level in many countries.
When these studies are examined, the most affected segments of poverty are women and children. In our study: The relationship between the woman poverty rates and female labour force participation rates were examined in Turkey. Poor children do not only occur in developing countries. In developed countries and in countries with high income levels, poor children are likely to occur.
Adults’ poverty is possible to solve in time with employment, aids and donations. However, child poverty continues in the future. Unfortunately, aid to households are not enough. So the problem must be clearly demonstrated and implemented specific policies for children. Child is the social structure of the subject. Damage to children will be create a domino effect in the future. Consequently, it should be recognized and taken measures taken in advance.
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Fatema Khanom, Naiyer. "AN INNOVATIVE AND INCLUSIVE LENDING MODEL FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL." In International Conference on Poverty and Sustainable Development. TIIKM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/icpsd.2016.3101.
Arini, Fina Dian, Ambar Widaningrum, and Agus Heruanto Hadna. "Poverty Reduction and Financial Literacy for Women in Indonesia." In Annual Conference of Indonesian Association for Public Administration (IAPA 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200301.013.
Avcı, Ülcay Ecenur, and Aslı Cansın Doker. "The Role of Women on the Economic Development as the “Secondary” Production Factor: An Analysis on Nuts-2." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01871.
In underdeveloped societies, in both the reflection of the limitations on the position of women in social life, as a result of business life is also restricted. However, optimum use of production factors is essential at the forefront of the elements of sustainable development. The reflections of economic exclusion of women are the increase of dependency and the deepening of poverty. According to data, it is observed that labor force participation rates of women in Turkey are relatively inadequate and unbalanced. Women are not able to participate in employment because of low education, professional skills and qualifications, etc. and therefore are more exposed to poverty and social exclusion risk. Moreover, global economic crises in Turkey and similar countries are accompanied by a high unemployment rate resulting from the shrinkage of the markets. On the other hand, new emerging micro-entrepreneurship, which began in Turkey, which counts more than 8 million poor women for "a contribution to the family income," but in fact it is seen as a way to stay alive. Through this initiative developing self-esteem of women, family and community is growing in reputation. Additionally, quality of the human capital, which is the most important source of the countries, passes through the family institution. In the study, social policy will be made by subjecting micro-credits to comparative analysis of regional development, poverty, nature of women's employment and role of women in social life in the light of face-to-face interviews on five families using micro-credit and data on poverty in NUTS-2.
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Zakirova, V. M., and R. Gataullin. "Poverty perceptions in Russia: women voice from participatory (qualitative) narratives." In VI Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2018-6-0003.
Waty, Evy Ratna Kartika, Shomedran, and Mega Nurrizalia. "Structural Poverty of Women Labor of Food Industry in Pagar Alam." In 4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference (SULE-IC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201230.105.
Allassad Alhuzail, Nuzha. "“Leaders from the Margins”Bedouin Women Living in Poverty Who Become Entrepreneurs." In 2nd International Conference on Modern Research in Social Sciences. Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icmrss.2019.09.611.
Ding, Wenguang, Yinli Wei, Yunrang Xian, and Lijun Wang. "The effect of biogas technology adoption upon women living in poverty community." In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058207.
Dwiningwarni, Sayekti Suindyah, Andi Reni, Titin, Tatik Mulyati, and Muhammad Yusuf. "Women and Poverty (a Study in Foreign TKW in Tulung Agung Regency)." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Management and Economics 2018 (ICAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icame-18.2019.61.
Stadel, Cynthia. Exploring the Impact of an LD Diagnosis on the Self-Determination of Women in Poverty. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2694.
Macdonald, Keir. The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on Poverty, Gender and Inclusion. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.006.
This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how business environment reforms in middle-income countries impacts on poverty, gender and inclusion. Although, there is limited evidence on the direct impact of business environment reforms on poverty, gender, and inclusion, this review illustrates that there is evidence of indirect effects of such reforms. Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations and institutions, in order to remove constraints to business investment and expansion, enabling growth and job creation, as well as new opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I) outcomes, in terms of the potential to remove institutional barriers which exclude formerly marginalised groups from business opportunities, in ways that promote equal access to resources, opportunities, benefits, and services. The literature shows how the business environment affects women in business, and how women’s experiences of a given business environment can be different from those of men. This is the result of disparities in how they are treated under the law, but also based on structural and sociocultural factors which influence how men and women behave in a given business environment and the barriers they face.
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Wimalasiri, Varuni. Plymouth's approach to enabling refugee women into employment and the government action required to prevent ongoing, sustained poverty and isolation within this population. University of Sussex / Plymouth City Council, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/eprint97179/2021.
Oyerinde, Funmi, and Naphtali Bwalami. The Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations on the Lives of Rural Women: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7277.
The PROACT project uses Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) to enable rural financial inclusion. The VSLA approach is targeted at combating increased poverty and improving the resilience of poor rural farming households in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria. The three case studies presented here reflect the new, transformative realities of increased income, access to loans, safe spaces for women, improved rural enterprise and the empowerment of women engaged in the VSLAs.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.
This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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Kabeer, Naila, and Sanchari Datta. Randomized control trials and qualitative impacts: what do they tell us about the immediate and long-term assessments of productive safety nets for women in extreme poverty in West Bengal? London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of International Development, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii346.
Mai Phuong, Nguyen, Hanna North, Duong Minh Tuan, and Nguyen Manh Cuong. Assessment of women’s benefits and constraints in participating in agroforestry exemplar landscapes. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21015.pdf.
Participating in the exemplar landscapes of the Developing and Promoting Market-Based Agroforestry and Forest Rehabilitation Options for Northwest Vietnam project has had positive impacts on ethnic women, such as increasing their networks and decision-making and public speaking skills. However, the rate of female farmers accessing and using project extension material or participating in project nurseries and applying agroforestry techniques was limited. This requires understanding of the real needs and interests grounded in the socio-cultural contexts of the ethnic groups living in the Northern Mountain Region in Viet Nam, who have unique social and cultural norms and values. The case studies show that agricultural activities are highly gendered: men and women play specific roles and have different, particular constraints and interests. Women are highly constrained by gender norms, access to resources, decision-making power and a prevailing positive-feedback loop of time poverty, especially in the Hmong community. A holistic, timesaving approach to addressing women’s daily activities could reduce the effects of time poverty and increase project participation. As women were highly willing to share project information, the project’s impacts would be more successful with increased participation by women through utilizing informal channels of communication and knowledge dissemination. Extension material designed for ethnic women should have less text and more visuals. Access to information is a critical constraint that perpetuates the norm that men are decision-makers, thereby, enhancing their perceived ownership, whereas women have limited access to information and so leave final decisions to men, especially in Hmong families. Older Hmong women have a Vietnamese (Kinh) language barrier, which further prevents them from accessing the project’s material. Further research into an adaptive framework that can be applied in a variety of contexts is recommended. This framework should prioritize time-saving activities for women and include material highlighting key considerations to maintain accountability among the project’s support staff.
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Fan, Li, and Veronica Mendizabal Joffre. The Gender Dimension of Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Microsurvey-Based Analysis of Gender Differences in Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200401-2.
Using microsurveys conducted in the People’s Republic of China over the past 2 decades, this paper explores the individual preferences among men and women toward sustainable consumption and production—the concept of doing more with less and decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation. The study finds that women exhibit greener living and working habits than men. However, women—regardless of education, rural–urban setting, or age—are impacted by time poverty, low political participation, limited awareness, gender norms, and, for younger and older women, financial limitations. To encourage and increase women’s capacity in shaping environmental solutions, economic and political gender gaps must be addressed and awareness on the impact of consumption needs to be strengthened.
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Frieson, Kate Grace. A Gender Assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2785.
This gender assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China, responds to the requirement of AusAID that all strategies affecting human health, food security and poverty alleviation incorporate a gender perspective as women are not often included in the technical and community based aspects of programs relating to animal health and disease control. Gender roles and responsibilities affect women’s and men’s ability and incentive to participate in FMD roadmap activities, and can potentially lead to different project impacts for men and women.
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Oloo, Ruth, and Amber Parkes. Addressing Unpaid Care and Domestic Work for a Gender-equal and Inclusive Kenya: WE-Care policy briefing. Oxfam, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7314.
Care work is the heartbeat of every society: it contributes to our wellbeing as a nation and is crucial for our social and economic development. Yet the disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work results in time poverty and significant opportunity costs, particularly among the poorest and most marginalized women and girls. This policy brief outlines why unpaid care work is a critical development, economic and gender equality issue for Kenya. It draws on two sets of evidence from Oxfam’s Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care (WE-Care) programme, which explore the impact of women and girls’ heavy and unequal unpaid care responsibilities both before and during COVID-19.
