Academic literature on the topic 'Accelerated economic development'
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Journal articles on the topic "Accelerated economic development":
1
Басовский and Leonid Basovskiy. "Rotary points of world economic development." Economics 1, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/686.
Abstract:
The concept «rotary point» of world economic development is entered. Turning Point reflects the phenomenon of transition from one type to another type of development of the world economy. Passing of a rotary point is a loss of stability of world economic system. Identification of turning points — is to identify anomalies dispersion indices reflecting the performance of the economy. The long-term periods between rotary points are characterized as «the accelerated growth», or as «the slowed-down growth. Research allowed to establish two rotary points of development of world economy. It is a point of the middle of the 1970th — the beginnings of the 1980th of 3 g and a point of 2007–2011. Econometric analysis shows that up to a turning point of the mid-1970s, early 1980s is a period of accelerated growth. The period after passing of this rotary point is the period of the slowed-down growth. Modeling Kondratieff Wave allowed to associate with the rapid growth of the ascending and slow growth — with the descending branch of the wave. At the invariable period of a cycle of Kondratiev in the next years it is possible to expect the accelerated growth of world economy.
2
Nie, Yongyou, and V. A. Kartavtsev. ""CHINESE MIRACLE" AND PROBLEMS OF ACCELERATED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Economics Profession Business, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb201943.
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the study of the results of rapid economic growth on the example of the People's Republic of China. Forty years have passed since the beginning of the openness reforms in China. They are characterized by the rapid growth of China's economic power, the improvement of the well-being of the inhabitants of that country, as well as the strengthening of the state's place in the international arena. With the support of foreign investment in the early stages, China itself becomes an investor. Techno-intensive industries hold an important share of China's exports. Despite the rapid growth of economic indicators, China is facing new challenges for developing countries. The accelerated development of the state has serious environmental, political and economic consequences, from pollution to corruption and the lag of certain regions from the overall pace of the country's development. These problems are expected to be addressed through a number of measures taken by the Government in the coming decades: investment market reforms, reorientation of international trade to developing countries, green economies, market reform real estate, addition to the legislative framework, the creation of new controls and reform of existing ones and so on. The reform process is inevitable and is the key to the successful development of the People's Republic of China.
3
Khajayev, R. "Modern Socio-Economic Aspects of Residential Development." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/57/16.
Abstract:
Effective solution growth of housing in modern conditions requires considering various factors: social stratification of the population, increasing requirements for housing comfort, the presence of accelerated urbanization, new forms of housing reproduction and others.
4
Angelov, Ivan. "Strategy for accelerated economic development of Bulgaria by 2020." Ekonomski anali 44, no. 160 (2004): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0460007a.
Abstract:
In this summary we present the most important conclusions and recommendations. For obvious reasons no room is devoted to argumentation here. It is in the main text. References and tables are not included either. The study comprises references to more than 400 publications in Bulgarian and other languages and 29 tables.
5
Baridam, Don M., Letam Q. Don-Baridam, and Malachi Usoro. "Institutional Restructuring and Reforms for National Development." Global Journal of Human Resource Management 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjhrm.2013/vol10n5112.
Abstract:
This paper argues that weak national institutions cannot be relied upon to produce successful restructuring and reform packages that can lead to accelerated national development and higher living standards for the Nigerian people. The paper further identifies weak national institutions, the pursuit of pecuniary individual and group interests, ethnic cleavages and intra-ethnic rivalries among the elite class, including the extractive nature of politics and economic pursuits, as major factors militating against successful restructuring and meaningful institutional reforms in Nigeria, which are hinged on accelerated technological innovation, political development and wealth creation. The paper concludes that only strong and functional institutions, inclusive political and economic policies, and innovative leadership can bring about accelerated national development in Nigeria.
6
Kamari, Daniel. "Competences in the new model of economic development." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 8 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760021494-2.
Abstract:
Organizational innovations in companies and government institutions move society in a certain direction. The largest international corporations are moving to a self-managed model and to self-managed teams. However, the effect of this accelerated transition shows that this model creates instability in the labor market.
7
Ermilova, Mariia, Tatiana Maksimova, Olga Zhdanova, and Dokhoyan Zohrab. "Improvement of innovation systems in sustainable economic development." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 04027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913504027.
Abstract:
This topic of sustainable development and maintenance and development of innovations contributes to the improvement of the ecosystem as a whole. The development and application of global sustainable development goals in the economy of each country contributes to improving the quality of life of the population, conservation of nature, etc. Globalization of economic development contributes to new trends in the future. Within the framework of this direction, various problems related to the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) issues are investigated. Sustainable development in general contributes to the accelerated growth of new trends in economic and environmental aspects in many developed and developing countries. The main goal of sustainable development is to create a single basic framework for the unification, renewal and rational use of natural and energy resources, human capital and other energy sources. Innovative technologies contribute to the development of these areas at an accelerated pace, for example, the use of solar energy will help to reduce energy and fuel costs, which will have a significant impact on the health of people and all living organisms.
8
Mensah, David Kwasi. "Leadership and Economic Development of Ghana." Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v8i1.18590.
Abstract:
The relationship on leadership quality and its impact on skewed economic development in Ghana have been investigated. This investigation has been carried out in Ghana and its neighbouring countries that attained independence around the same time, under similar pattern of political governance. A comparative analysis is used to differentiate between these countries economic policies and their leadership styles used. It reveals that Ghana remains static and underdeveloped for many years despite changes in leadership and political governance. Evidently, while at the time of their independence, Ghana’s per capital income in 1960 was higher than Nigeria, India and Egypt. Ghana’s development has been sluggish whilst the rest of the countries have accelerated at a faster rate with fantastic economic policies combined with good leadership skills.
9
James, William E., and Seiji Naya. "Trade and Industrialization Policies for an Accelerated Development in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 29, no. 3-4 (September 1, 1990): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v29i3-4pp.201-222.
Abstract:
Pakistan achieved high rates of economic growth from the mid-1970s. Growth was faciitated by the external circumstances that relaxed the balance-of-payments constraints. However, growth was not accompanied by an improved social development Moreover, as the external circumstances worsened, the underlying macroeconomic imbalances emerged and the growth slowed down. The paper assesses how the domestic and international economic policies might be adjusted to attain a more sustainable pattern of development.
10
Nagatani, Keizo, Ismael Getubig, and Harry T. Oshima. "Towards Full Employment Strategy for Accelerated Economic Growth." Pacific Affairs 65, no. 3 (1992): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760074.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accelerated economic development":
1
Cronje, Christelle. "A review of the FIFA world cup 2010 : Cape Town, as conduit to accelerated economic growth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19805.
Abstract:
Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has been granted a unique opportunity in being nominated as the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup, and one of the first developing nations to host a global mega sporting event. The successful hosting of this event could provide the country with a global platform to promote the richness, diversity, and vast economic opportunities to the world stage. Economic development and significant global events taking place in South Africa may further contribute to leadership in the continent, and bring increased business and consumer confidence into prominence, as well as increase the leverage of private capital. The South African business and investment environment is in transition from a primary focus on construction, mining, manufacturing in the automotive, timber and steel sectors, to a knowledge economy focusing on sector development of skills training, education , IT and teleccmmunications, and property development. Infrastructure capacity, service delivery and skills shortages and the high rate of structural unemployment impose significant supply-side constraints with regard to the impact on the rate of real GDP growth and how growth is translated into employment opportunities and socio-economic development for the Western Cape and South Africa. Cape Town's position as co-host to selected events in 2009 and 2010 provides the critical window of opportunity to expand infrastructure investment to ensure a truly global destination of choice for investors and tourists. This event offers Cape Town the opportunity to ensure sustainable legacies, especially in terms of transport systems, the creation of a green lung in the midst of the city, improved service delivery and a world class multi purpose facility. All these contribute to the accelerated and shared economic growth of the City of Cape Town and the Province of the Western Cape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se nominasie as die eerste land in Afrika om as gasheer vir die FIFA Wereldbeker 2010 op te tree, is 'n unieke geleentheid. Suid-Afrika is ook een van die eerste ontwikkelende lande wat toegewys is om hierdie sport geleentheid aan te bied. Die suksesvolle aanbieding van hierdie geleentheid, kan Suid-Afrika die geleentheid bied om die unieke diversiteite en ryke ekonomiese geleenthede van die land aan die wereld ten toon te stel. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling en hierdie besondere gebeurtenis in Suid-Afrika, mag verder bydra tot die bevordering van leierskap op die kontinent en 'n verhoogde vlak van sake- en verbruikersvertroue wat die verhoging van privaat kapitaalbesteding kan aanmoedig. Die Suid-Afrikaanse sake en investeringsomgewing is in transformasie vanaf 'n primere fokus op konstruksie, myne, en die vervaardigingsbedryf, veral die motor, hout en staal sektore, na 'n kennis gedrewe ekonomie met 'n klemverskuiwing na ontwikkeling binne die sektore, van vaardigheidsopleiding. informasie tegnologie, telekommunikasie en eiendomsontwikkeling. 'n Tekort aan voldoende infrastruktuur-en dienslewering kapasiteit, 'n tekort aan vaardighede, sowel as die hoe koers van strukturele werkloosheid, veroorsaak beperkinge met betrekking tot die impak op die greei van die Bruto Binnelandse Preduk, en hoe hierdie greei snel omgeskakel kan word in werksgeleenthede en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling vir die Wes-Kaap en Suid-Afrika. Kaapstad se gedeelde posisie as gasheer van spesifieke geleenthede in 2009 en 2010, verskaf die geleentheid om deur middel van die uitbreiding van infrastruktuur investering te verseker dat investeerders en toeriste, Kaapslad as 'n volwaardige globale bestemming beskou. Hierdie gebeurtenis bied ook aan Kaapstad die geleentheid om op 'n volhoubare ontwikkelingswyse 'n besondere nalatenskap te verseker, veral met betrekking tot die vervoerstelsel, die skepping van 'n green long in die middestad, verskerpte dienslewering en 'n wereldklas veeldoelige fasiliteit, wat in totaal bydra tot die versnelde en gedeelde ekonomiese greei van die Stad Kaapstad en die Provinsie Wes-Kaap.
2
Lee, Daphnee Hui Lin. "From Cradle to Playpen: the management of Chineseness in developmental state Singapore." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49385.
Abstract:
The way Chineseness is managed by the state in ethnic Chinese majority nations is examined as a late-industrializing initiative. Using Singapore as the case study, identifications with Chineseness were studied for the key themes within late-industrializing discourse constructions. Chinese Singaporean respondents were asked for their interpretation of Chineseness in relation to their Western expatriate and Chinese mainlander colleagues. In some cases, Orientalist constructions emerged. This inquiry found the moderating factors of Orientalist discourse replications to be the respondent’s childhood socioeconomic background and linguistic primacy. The findings lent insights to the persistence of Orientalist constructions amongst individuals in late-industrializing societies. Insights as to how late-industrializing discourses constructions are moderated by factors distinctive from first-mover ones were sought. These insights enrich the theoretical framework of nation branding studies, a recent offshoot of nation studies with a marketing slant. Sociological considerations on the reproduction of late-industrializing predispositions were integrated through the concept of marcotted developmentalism. Marcotted developmentalism is advanced as the thesis’ conceptual framework. It explains the mediation of the late-industrializing landscape by two distinctive features. Firstly, ethnic management initiatives communicate the urgency of accelerated economic development amongst late-industrializing societies. Secondly, it emphasizes the presence of dual hegemony (i.e. Western dominance and Chinese ascendency) within the late-industrializing political economy.
3
Macheru, Maryanne Wambui. "East African community-European Union economic partnership agreement, to be or not to be? Will conomic partnership agreement undermine or accelerate trade development within the East African community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4327_1363780584.
4
Hume-Plewes, Tana. "Crossing the chasm : nurturing entrepreneurial leadership development to accelerate socio-economic growth." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/646.
Abstract:
This research inquiry asked, "How can the District of Mission involve leaders in private industry in creating strategies to develop the local workforce and economy?" An action research approach was used to engage local employers and employment service providers in an inquiry in the District of Mission. This study drew upon literature on entrepreneurial leadership, job creation, social capital, and knowledge transfer. Two qualitative methods, in-depth interviews and a conversation café, were used to uncover the essential factors and conditions that facilitate entrepreneurial leadership and workforce development on a regional basis. These findings were triangulated against the experiences of exemplar entrepreneurs. The findings revealed that effective leaders cultivate a culture of high performance and that systems integration and personal relationships are key to entrepreneurial leadership and workforce development. The recommendations enable people from diverse backgrounds to identify shared concerns and common interests to support community economic development.
5
Wambui, Macheru Maryanne. "East African community-European union economic partnership agreement, to be or not to be? will economic partnership agreement undermine or accelerate trade development within the East African community?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3566.
6
Carocha, Cláudia Sofia Costa. "Building global innovators marketing plan: A startups accelerator in the Portuguese market." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18754.
Abstract:
In the last years, the entrepreneurship ecosystem has been experiencing a constant growth in
Portugal, as a higher number of startups are created every year. However, these new ventures
have a high rate of failure in the first years, due to the high risk characteristic of an early
stage venture. In order to help new ventures to overcome early stage obstacles, the number of
incubators and accelerator has been growing every year in Portugal, being increasing the
number of startups benefiting from it. In relation to this, there is a clear opportunity for
accelerators to catch the beginning phase of this phenomenon in Portugal in order to build a
strong and solid position in the Portuguese market in the long term. The present project
presents a marketing plan for BGI Acceleration Program, with the objective of increasing
brand awareness in the target market. In this marketing strategy plan we elaborate an internal
and external analysis, characterizing the Portuguese entrepreneurial ecosystem, the company,
BGI’s competition and the respective consumer - the Portuguese deep technology startups. In
the Operational Marketing Plan, we develop a one-year plan to, defining the marketing-mix
of the company and the implementation plan to follow.Ao longo dos últimos anos, o ecossistema empreendedor em Portugal tem experienciado um crescimento constante, observado através do número elevado de startups criadas todos os anos. No entanto, é importante verificar a elevada taxa de insucesso de startups, devido ao elevado risco característico da criação de uma nova empresa. De forma a ajudar estas novas empresas a superarem os seus obstáculos iniciais, é visível o crescimento do número de incubadoras e aceleradoras em cada ano em Portugal, estando a crescer o número de startups a beneficiarem destas entidades. Desta forma, existe uma oportunidade evidente para as aceleradoras aproveitarem a fase inicial deste fenómeno em Portugal, de forma a construírem uma marca forte e sólida no mercado português a longo prazo. O presente projeto apresenta um plano de marketing para o Programa de Aceleração BGI, com o objetivo de aumentar a sua notoriedade de marca no mercado alvo. De forma a elaborar um plano estratégico de marketing, elaborámos uma análise interna e externa, caracterizando o ecossistema empreendedor português, a empresa, os seus concorrentes atuais no Mercado e o respetivo consumidor – startups tecnológicas portuguesas. No Plano de Marketing Operacional, desenvolvemos um plano com a duração de um ano de forma a definir todos os fatores de marketing da empresa e um plano de implementação a seguir.
7
Delcroix, Fanny. "How to monitor the front end of innovation in the new product development: defining performance indicators. The case study of an accelerator of technology commercialization." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19267.
Abstract:
The present paper has the ambition to define performance indicators that monitor the performance all along the front end process in the new product development. In order to answer the following research question:” What are the relevant performance indicators when monitoring the front end of innovation?” the dissertation starts with a literature review followed by observations based on a case study of the accelerator of technology commercialization “Cohitec”. The results revealed the importance to subdivide the front end into distinct periods in order to find the appropriate indicators for each moment in the process. Three periods were identified namely exploration, validation and business case. In addition to the performance indicators identified in the literature, the case study enabled to extent the panel of indicators by adding criteria related to the technology, the value proposition, the plan of development and the market targeted.
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Santos, Renata Sofia Pardal dos. "Unveiling the critical factors of disruptive technologies development : a case study with Deloitte Digital and technological start-ups." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/22768.
Abstract:
Innovation, entrepreneurship and technology are enablers for the new path of growth towards the Information Era. Because of this, it is imperative to master the dynamics of creating, developing and scaling ventures. This master thesis aims to deepen the knowledge on start-up development. In order to analyze each of the six development stages, we will focus on the critical factors throughout the process as well as major challenges and strategies to accelerate start-up development. To explore these topics, an exploratory case study was conducted with interviews to 14 technological start-ups included in a two month accelerator organized by Deloitte Digital Portugal and Beta-i.
The results demonstrate (i) the accelerator had a positive impact on start-up development, (ii) client feedback and interaction was considered a critical factor throughout all stages, (iii) the biggest challenges of recruiting the right people and having a good network to access the market can be surpassed by adopting a set of proposed strategies. The merge of these findings and current literature allowed the design of a framework with a set of key activities and good practices that should be taken by ventures to ensure the accomplishment of their visionary goals.Inovação, empreendedorismo e tecnologia são elementos facilitadores de um novo processo de crescimento que evolui em direção à Era da Informação. Por este motivo, é imperativo dominar as práticas de criar, desenvolver e escalar novos negócios. Esta tese de mestrado tem como objetivo aprofundar o tema de desenvolvimento de start-ups. No sentido de estudar cada fase de desenvolvimento, iremos focar a análise nos fatores críticos durante este processo, bem como os maiores desafios e estratégias para acelerar o desenvolvimento. Para explorar estes tópicos, realizámos um estudo de caso exploratório ao entrevistar 14 start-ups tecnológicas que participaram num acelerador de 2 meses organizado pela Deloitte Digital Portugal e Beta-i. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que (i) o acelerador teve um impacto positivo no desenvolvimento de start-ups, (ii) feedback e interação com clientes foi considerado um fator crítico para o desenvolvimento de start-ups, (iii) recrutar as pessoas certas e possuir uma boa rede de contactos para aceder ao mercado são os maiores desafios que podem ser superados através da adoção de um conjunto de estratégias propostas. A junção destes resultados com as prévias contribuições académicas permitiu a criação de um esquema com atividades relevantes e boas práticas que deverão ser adotadas pelas start-ups no sentido de alcançarem os seus objetivos visionários.
Books on the topic "Accelerated economic development":
1
Planning, Sri Lanka Department of National. Special projects for accelerated development in Sri Lanka. [Colombo]: Dept. of National Planning, Ministry of Finance and Planning, 2006.
2
Samarasinghe, Senaka Abhaya. Accelerated Mahaweli Development Programme: Memoirs of a staffer. Colombo: Stamford Lake, 2012.
3
Karunatilake, H. N. S. The accelerated Mahaweli programme and its impact. Sri Lanka: Centre for Demographic and Socio-Economic Studies, 1988.
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Karunatilake, H. N. S. The accelerated Mahaweli programme and its impact. [Colombo]: Centre for Demographic and Socio-Economic Studies, 1988.
5
Kann, Ulla. Let them talk: A review of the Accelerated Remote Area Development Programme. Gaborone: Ministry of Local Govt. and Lands, 1990.
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Sackey, James A. Towards accelerated growth and transformation of the Nigeria economy: Missed opportunities, existing prospects and the way forward. Enugu, Nigeria: African Institute for Applied Economics, 2011.
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1946-, Müller Hans-Peter, and Hettige S. T, eds. The Blurring of a vision, the Mahaweli: Its social, economic, and political implications. Ratmalana, Sri Lanka: Sarvodaya Book Pub. Services, 1995.
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Ghana. President (2009-2012 : Atta-Mills). An agenda for shared growth and accelerated development for a better Ghana: The coordinated programme of economic and social development policies, 2010-2016. Accra]: Republic of Ghana, 2010.
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Commission, Nigeria National Planning. The fifth national development plan (2008-2011): Implementing the seven-point agenda for accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction. [Abuja?]: National Planning Commission, 2008.
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Toteng, Elisha Nelson. The Accelerated Remote Area Development Programme: Socio-economic, population, and land-use survey--Kweneng District and Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Gaborone, Botswana: Applied Research Unit, Ministry of Local Govt. and Lands, 1991.
Book chapters on the topic "Accelerated economic development":
1
Green, Reginald Herbold, and Caroline Allison. "The World Bank’s Agenda for Accelerated Development: Dialectics, Doubts and Dialogues." In Africa in Economic Crisis, 60–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18371-5_3.
2
Shumilina, Vera, and Vadim Kleptsov. "Statistical analysis of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia for the period 2017-2019." In Business security management in modern conditions, 3–14. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_602586356d0cb7.99781631.
Abstract:
The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of business and the role of enterprises in the economic development of society. This topic is relevant for Russia today. Business in the Russian Federation is of great importance in the development of the economy and the country as a whole. Only through the development and improvement of entrepreneurship does economic growth take place, scientific and technological progress is accelerated. Also, the business area has a huge impact on other areas of activity, such as: social, political and others. Another argument for the relevance of this work is that in Russia entrepreneurship, especially small business, does not receive proper development and only partially performs the functions inherent in it in developed market systems, because as you know, it is small business that is the engine of economic growth.
3
Mkomwa, Saidi, Amir Kassam, Martin Bwalya, and Reynolds K. Shula. "The Malabo Declaration and agenda 2063: making climate smart agriculture real with conservation agriculture in Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 1–16. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0001.
Abstract:
Abstract The African Union (AU) has provided the vision and even a hint of the future through Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, to be achieved, in part, through accelerated agricultural growth and transformation, leading to shared prosperity and improved livelihoods. The promulgation is contained in the Malabo Declaration of the AU Summit held in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, in June 2014. Attaining the ambitious commitments of ending hunger, doubling productivity, halving post-harvest losses and poverty, enhancing resilience in livelihoods and production systems to climate variability and other shocks, and reducing child stunting to 10% and numbers of underweight children to 5% by 2025 requires a definition of the strategies and the operative paradigms. The Declaration also calls for African agriculture to become climate smart. This chapter presents the strategic positioning of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in making climate smart agriculture (CSA) real in Africa and harnessing partnerships, informed by science and analyses of lessons from past interventions. We conclude that investing US$50 per household, in a capacity development programme in CA for 25 million households, has the potential to increase land productivity, produce food surpluses and transform livelihoods, thus attaining the Malabo Declaration targets. The investment in and adoption of CA-based CSA to that magnitude will not only move Africa's agriculture to a new level, where a significant proportion of agricultural land is managed with CA systems, but also supply competitively priced raw materials for transformative industrial and economic growth in Africa.
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Wardle, Heather. "When Games and Gambling Collide: Modern Examples and Controversies." In Games Without Frontiers?, 35–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74910-1_3.
Abstract:
AbstractThe intersection of gaming and gambling has a long lineage. In recent years this process has amplified, arguably accelerated by developing technological infrastructures which facilitate rapid payment purchases and online and real-time systems which allow companies to communicate directly with users and users to communicate with each other. This chapter traces key issues relating to some notable recent examples of the gaming/gambling intersection. It includes controversies about the status of social casino games and loot boxes; the development and expansion of daily fantasy sports markets; the betting and wagering of skins won or bought through digital games, and; rising opportunities to bet on esports. Each exemplifies how these activities are products of a unique set of social and economic circumstances, how corporations are diversifying and becoming part of a more complex gaming/gambling ecosystem and using data to drive growth, all of which raise particular issues for consumer protection.
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Reid, Lynette. "Antimicrobial Resistance and Social Inequalities in Health: Considerations of Justice." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 257–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_16.
Abstract:
Abstract Within-country social inequalities in health have widened while global health inequalities have (with some exceptions) narrowed since the Second World War. On commonly accepted prioritarian and sufficientist views of justice and health, these two trends together would be acceptable: the wealthiest of the wealthy are pulling ahead, but the worst off are catching up and more are achieving sufficiency. Such commitments to priority or sufficiency are compatible with a common “development” narrative about economic and social changes that accompany changes (“transitions”) in population health. I set out a very simple version of health egalitarianism (without commitment to any particular current theory of justice) and focus on two common objections to egalitarianism. Priority and sufficiency both address the levelling down and formalism objections, but these objections are distinct: giving content to equality (I argue here) places in question the claimed normative superiority of priority and sufficiency. Using examples of the role of antimicrobials in both these trends – and the future role of AMR – I clarify (first) the multiple forms and dimensions of justice at play in health, and (second) the different mechanisms at work in generating the two current patterns (seen in life course narratives and narratives of political economy). The “accelerated transition” that narrowed global health inequalities is fed by anti-microbials (among other technology transfers). It did not accelerate but replaced the causal processes by which current HICs achieved the transition (growing and shared economic prosperity and widening political franchise). The impact of AMR on widening social inequalities in health in HICs will be complex: inequality has been fed in part by tertiary care enabled by antimicrobials; AMR might erode the solidarity underlying universal health systems as the well-off seek to maintain current expectations of curative and rehabilitative surgery and chemotherapy while AMR mounts. In light of both speculations about the impact of AMR on social and global health inequalities, I close with practical and with theoretical reflection. I briefly indicate the practical importance of understanding AMR from the perspective of health justice for policy response. Then, from a broader perspective, I argue that the content by which I meet the formalism objection demonstrates that the two trends (broadening within-country inequality and narrowing global inequality) are selective and biased samples of a centuries-long pattern of widening social inequalities in health. We are not in the midst of a process of “catching up”. In light of the long-term pattern described here, is the pursuit of sufficiency or priority morally superior to the pursuit of equality as a response to concrete suffering – or do they rationalize a process more objectively described as the best-off continuing to take the largest share of one of the most important benefits of economic development?
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Zillner, Sonja, Laure Le Bars, Nuria de Lama, Simon Scerri, Ana García Robles, Marie Claire Tonna, Jim Kenneally, et al. "A Roadmap to Drive Adoption of Data Ecosystems." In The Elements of Big Data Value, 41–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68176-0_3.
Abstract:
AbstractTo support the adoption of big data value, it is essential to foster, strengthen, and support the development of big data value technologies, successful use cases and data-driven business models. At the same time, it is necessary to deal with many different aspects of an increasingly complex data ecosystem. Creating a productive ecosystem for big data and driving accelerated adoption requires an interdisciplinary approach addressing a wide range of challenges from access to data and infrastructure, to technical barriers, skills, and policy and regulation. In order to overcome the adoption challenges, collective action from all stakeholders in an effective, holistic and coherent manner is required. To this end, the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership (BDV PPP) was established to develop the European data ecosystem and enable data-driven digital transformation, delivering maximum economic and societal benefit, and achieving and sustaining Europe’s leadership in the fields of big data value creation and Artificial Intelligence. This chapter describes the different steps that have been taken to address the big data value adoption challenges: first, the establishment of the BDV PPP to mobilise and create coherence with all stakeholders in the European data ecosystem; second, the introduction of five strategic mechanisms to encourage cooperation and coordination in the data ecosystem; third, a three-phase roadmap to guide the development of a healthy European data ecosystem; and fourth, a systematic and strategic approach towards actively engaging the key communities in the European Data Value Ecosystem.
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Zheng, Xinli. "Drawing upon the Experience and Lessons of the Netherlands and Japan to Accelerate Agricultural Modernization." In China’s 40 Years of Economic Reform and Development, 315–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2727-8_34.
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George, Anu Treesa, Min Jiang, and Terry DeLacy. "A case study on impacts of community participation in tourism planning and destination management in Kerala, India." In Tourism planning and development in South Asia, 5–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246698.0001.
Abstract:
Abstract This case study in Kerala, India explores the positive impacts of community participation on economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors through responsible tourism initiatives in Kumarakom destination. This research evaluates the effectiveness, fundamental elements and conceptual foundation of participatory design in the case study destination. The results of the case study indicate that participatory design can accelerate local community development, innovative initiatives, leadership, employment opportunities, demand for local products and sustainable development in the destination.
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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Getting to Africa’s Demographic Dividend." In The Future of Africa, 71–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_4.
Abstract:
AbstractIn this chapter, Cilliers defines the demographic dividend and explains its relationship to economic growth, with a focus on the African continent. It first covers the fundamentals of the relationship between population and economics, then offers an in-depth discussion of two key concepts, the demographic transition and demographic dividend. The chapter demonstrates that sub-Saharan Africa’s high fertility rates are a drag on development rather than an advantage, as the region can only expect to enjoy a demographic dividend after mid-century. It then uses scenario analysis to demonstrate that, given the right policy conditions, Africa can accelerate population-driven economic growth by reducing its fertility rate through interventions in education, infrastructure, human capital and, most importantly, women’s empowerment.
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Sanches, Teresa Laginha, and Nuno Ventura Santos Bento. "Urban Metabolism: A Tool to Accelerate the Transition to a Circular Economy." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_117-1.
Conference papers on the topic "Accelerated economic development":
1
Dzhailova, Asel. "Economic Development of Kyrgyzstan in the Eurasian Economic Union: New Development Opportunities." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02632.
Abstract:
The main directions of development of economic integration and transformation of the national economy in the Eurasian Economic Union are considered. A comparative assessment of the main results of the macroeconomic development of Kyrgyzstan in the context of deepening integration processes, as well as in the post-pandemic period, is presented. Positive structural shifts in the development of the national economy and trade and economic cooperation have been identified. The factors of unbalanced development of the national economy, its low innovative level is determined. The factors of accelerated development of priority sectors of industrial and agricultural production, their transition to cluster principles of development based on the development of cooperation and integration ties are substantiated. The directions for the effective use of the economic potential and competitive development of Kyrgyzstan in the context of deepening integration are determined. Measures are proposed for the development of a green economy in priority sectors, the formation of large trade and logistics and tourism and recreational clusters.
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Andreev, Oleg. "ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTOR." In 14th International Conference SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: A NEW LEVEL OF INTEGRATION IN THE MODERN WORLD. B&M PUBLISHING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15350/uk_6/14/17.
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Bazylev, M. V., E. A. Levkin, and V. V. Linkov. "EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES OF LARGE-COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE KSUP "OKHOVO" PINSK DISTRICT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.615-618.
Abstract:
Modern agricultural production - is a multifaceted organism, associated with various aspects of the production (resource) and economic activities of people aimed at creating highly efficient agricultural systems [1–15]. At the same time, the use of profitable, promising technologies for the analytical assessment of the management (level) of the economy in the applied aspect is inextricably linked with the use of large arrays of production and economic data that require their accelerated assessment.
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Titenko, Eugene, and Olga Korneva. "The Concentration of Capital as a Reason for the Accelerated Development of the Economic System." In II International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.02.60.
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Usanov, G. I., and I. G. Usanov. "Improvement of Forms and Methods of Labour Potential Formation in Komsomolsk’s Accelerated Economic Development Zone." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.265.
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Ma, Yuan. "Research on Enterprise Management Innovation in the Era of "Internet Accelerated Speed Era"." In Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Economic Development and Education Management (ICEDEM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icedem-19.2019.68.
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Pirimbaev, Jusup, and Zalkar Kamalov. "On the Forecast of the Development of the Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02283.
Abstract:
The course of economic integration within the framework of the EAEU is proceeding according to a plan outlined in a document on the Union’s development forecast until 2030, when first three countries were members of the EAEU - Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Later, two more countries joined the union - Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Then based on the real situation, additional adjustments were made. Many problems remain that need to be solved precisely in the field of integration, which, on the one hand, cause the need for an accelerated approach, and on the other, raise doubts about the prospects of this alliance. The article is aimed to study the causes of disputes, identifying factors contributing to the unification of participants, and developing an objective vision of the Union’s development prospects. And also, based on the analysis of today’s relationships among the members of the Eurasian Economic Union, appropriate conclusions and recommendations will be made for further relationship improvement by considering the perspectives of voluntary joining of other countries into the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Choroev, Kalybek. "Econometric Models of Structural Shifts of the Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02530.
Abstract:
One of the urgent problems of economic development in the Kyrgyz Republic is overcoming structural imbalances. This article is devoted to the analysis and econometric modeling of the problems of overcoming structural imbalances in economic development. Methods for analyzing structural changes in the national economy using an econometric model based on a production function are proposed. The necessity of developing a three-sector model based on the production function has been substantiated. Analyzed the state of socio-economic development, the state of the investment climate in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Currently, one of the most difficult problems of economic reforms in countries with economies in transition is that they are faced with the task of overcoming complex structural imbalances in the economic system inherited from the planned economy of the past. Ensuring sustainable balanced economic development of the country is an urgent task. For the accelerated development of the national economy of the country, the main goal is to optimize the intersectoral and intra-sectoral distribution of resources. In a transitional economy, the market mechanism cannot provide the desired scheme for the intersectoral allocation of resources of the national economy.
The government of the country must take into account the existence of economic imbalances at the macro level and in the future, it is necessary to coordinate the distribution of foreign investment resources at the state level. Optimization measures should be aimed at identifying economic imbalances at an early stage and taking measures to resolve them in a timely manner.
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Miller, C. Andrew. "Evaluating the Rate of Technological Improvement Necessary to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64664.
Abstract:
Considerable effort has been made to evaluate the technological improvement required to achieve global emission levels that are estimated to be needed to prevent the most serious impacts of climate change. While these analyses have highlighted the magnitude of technological change needed to meet target emission levels, the rate of such change has not been discussed as frequently. Application of the simple yet informative Kaya Identity, which relates emission levels to social and technological drivers, can be applied to gain insights into the required rate of technological change. This analysis shows that the current rate of technological improvement, as measured by the rate of change in energy intensity of economic growth (energy/dollar of GDP) and carbon intensity [carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit energy], must be accelerated to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels to levels estimated to be needed to avoid serious climate impacts, even if population and economic activity were to remain constant. Given projected population growth and desired economic growth, the rate of technological change must accelerate by a factor of 5–8 times current levels and maintain that level of change for the foreseeable future. Such an accelerated pace of technological change has substantial implications for energy technology development, the need for technical expertise, and potentially the structure of the economy as a whole.
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Tikhomirova, N. A., M. R. Beibulatov, N. A. Urdenko, and R. A. Buival. "RATIONAL APPLICATION OF FOLIAR DRESSING BASED ON AGROCHEMICALS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPE PLANTATIONS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.208-212.
Abstract:
A study of the influence of foliar top dressing based on agrochemicals made it possible to establish a close correlation between the need of plants for elements of mineral nutrition and the total biological productivity of the grape bush. Trace elements contributed to the accelerated development of plants, increase stress resistance to adverse environmental conditions, increase plant immunity. As a result of the research, the optimal combination of foliar top dressing based on agrochemicals was revealed, which provides high agrobiological and economic indicators for the studied grape varieties with systemic use.
Reports on the topic "Accelerated economic development":
1
Abuya, Timothy, and Wangari Ng'ang'a. Report: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1064.
Abstract:
In the last two decades, Kenya has attained middle-income status and established a diverse and private-sector-driven economy. On several socIo-economic indicators, such as education, gender equality, and democracy, Kenya scores much higher than its peers. More than two-thirds of Kenyans are under 35 years of age, thus the country’s development hinges on the quality of its youth—their levels of education and skills, their values and attitudes, and the quality of their health and productivity. While Kenya’s investments in the development of its human capital positions the country well to sustain accelerated growth, the trajectory is threatened by high rates of malnutrition, which contributes to the country’s disease burden and has a large effect on socio-economic development. About 26 percent of children in Kenya are stunted, and evidence indicates that poor nutrition in early life can create consequences for learning and future productivity. Women who were stunted as children are likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies, which is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality. This report analyzes the status of stunting in Kenya from a household perspective and points to pathways for addressing it.
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Díaz de Astarloa, Bernardo, Nanno Mulder, Sandra Corcuera-Santamaría, Winfried Weck, Lucas Barreiros, Rodrigo Contreras Huerta, and Alejandro Puente. Post Pandemic Covid-19 Economic Recovery: Enabling Latin America and the Caribbean to Better Harness E-commerce and Digital Trade. Edited by Marcee Gómez. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003436.
Abstract:
This report shows that Latin America and the Caribbean faces critical policy challenges going forward. It must accelerate the digital transformation to allow businesses and consumers to adapt to a new normal and leverage pandemic recovery to create stronger economies, and also tackle long-standing barriers to adopting digital technologies and bridging digital divides. These have impeded sustained and equitable economic growth even before the pandemic struck. This crisis should be a wake-up call for governments, the private sector, civil society, and international development partners to come together and take concerted actions to advance on consistent, long-term, and sustainable e-commerce strategies that are at the forefront of national and regional productive development agendas. Just as digital solutions allowed countries to overcome the increased role of distance within the context of the pandemic in shaping consumption and business, they should also be harnessed to increase regional economic integration beyond this emergency situation.
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Lu, Xianfu. Accelerating Private Sector Engagement in Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220513-2.
Abstract:
This working paper outlines how to scale up the private sector’s involvement in climate adaptation and harness its financial clout, technical know-how, and ingenuity to help build climate resilient economies in the Asia and Pacific region. It assesses the role businesses currently play and looks at the technical, financial, and institutional hurdles they face. It explores financing options and underscores the importance of companies becoming “solution providers”. Analyzing climate threats and adaptation opportunities for businesses, it shows how organizations such as ADB can accelerate and guide private sector involvement to help support disaster-resilient development in the region.
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Greenhill, Lucy, Christopher Leakey, and Dani Diz. Workshop report: Driving the transition to a resilient and inclusive future: the role of the ocean and policy coherence. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23456.
Abstract:
Through a programme of activities from January to July 2021, this Scottish Universities Insight Institute (SUII) project seeks to accelerate progress towards the ‘Just Transition’ for an environmentally sustainable, resilient and equitable economy and society in Scotland, within the framework provided by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The programme aims to: 1. Develop our understanding of interdependencies between marine and cross-cutting policy themes to promote policy coherence, promoting synergies and managing trade-offs. 2. Mobilise the science and policy communities in co-developing knowledge for policy impact, including understanding data and evidence needs for innovation and measuring progress.
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Shirai, Sayuri. An Overview on Climate Change, Environment, and Innovative Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/drtf8552.
Abstract:
The global economy has been facing a series of adverse shocks in recent years including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, high inflation, and interest rate shocks driven by global monetary policy normalization. The high cost of fossil fuels since 2021, moreover, has reminded the world that investment for clean energy projects has been severely inadequate due to limited implementation of climate policies and limited capital inflows to financing decarbonization efforts. While overdependence on fossil fuels might be inevitable currently, the world needs to accelerate transition to carbon neutrality and also begin to cope with nature capital stock and biodiversity losses, which are happening at an alarming pace. In particular, more financial support should be provided to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) to help achieve climate and environmental goals and other sustainable development goals (SDGs). We give an overview of some innovative finance schemes applicable to EMDEs, including blended finance to mobilize more private capital to climate and environmental projects and debt-for-climate swaps (or debt-for-nature swaps), to provide de facto grants to small high-debt economies in exchange for climate projects (or nature protection). We also provide some suggestions for further actions through better coordination among donor and recipient nations led by G7 and G20 nations.
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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly, and Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
Abstract:
Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
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David, Raluca. Advancing gender equality and closing the gender digital gap: Three principles to support behavioural change policy and intervention. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/02.
Abstract:
Worldwide, interventions and policies to improve gender equality or close gender gaps often struggle to reach their targets. For example, women lag considerably behind in use of even simple digital technologies such as mobile phones or the internet. In 2020, the gap in mobile internet use in low- and middle-income countries was at 15%, while in South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, it remained as high as 36% and 37% respectively (GSMA, 2021). Use of the internet for more complex activities shows an even wider gap. In Cairo, in 2018, only 21% of female internet users gained economically, and only 7% were able to voice their opinions online (with similar statistics for India, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Colombia, Sambuli et al., 2018). This is despite the fact that empowering women through digital technologies is central to global gender equality strategies (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2015), and is believed to facilitate economic growth and industry-level transformation (International Monetary Fund, 2020). Progress is slow because behaviours are gendered: there are stark dissociations between what women and men do – or are expected to do. These dissociations are deeply entrenched by social norms, to the extent that interventions to change them face resistance or can even backfire. Increasingly, governments are using behavioural change interventions in a bid to improve public policy outcomes, while development or gender organisations are using behavioural change programmes to shift gender norms. However, very little is known about how gendered social norms impact the digital divide, or how to use behavioural interventions to shift these norms. Drawing on several research papers that look at the gender digital gap, this brief examines why behavioural change is difficult, and how it could be implemented more effectively. This brief is addressed to policymakers, programme co-ordinators in development organisations, and strategy planners in gender equality interventions who are interested in ways to accelerate progress on gender equality, and close the gender digital gap. The brief offers a set of principles on which to base interventions, programmes and strategies to change gendered behaviours. The principles in this brief were developed as part of a programme of research into ways to close the gender digital gap.
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Perera, Duminda, Vladimir Smakhtin, Spencer Williams, Taylor North, and Allen Curry. Ageing Water Storage Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/qsyl1281.
Abstract:
The Report provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the ageing of large dams –an emerging global development issue as tens of thousands of existing large dams have reached or exceeded an “alert” age threshold of 50 years, and many others will soon approach 100 years. These aged structures incur rapidly rising maintenance needs and costs while simultaneously declining their effectiveness and posing potential threats to human safety and the environment. The Report analyzes large dam construction trends across major geographical regions and primary dam functions, such as water supply, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, and recreation. Analysis of existing global datasets indicates that despite plans in some regions and countries to build more water storage dams, particularly for hydropower generation, there will not be another “dam revolution” to match the scale of the high-intensity dam construction experienced in the early to middle, 20th century. At the same time, many of the large dams constructed then are aging, and hence we are already experiencing a “mass ageing” of water storage infrastructure. The Report further explores the emerging practice of decommissioning ageing dams, which can be removal or re-operation, to address issues of ensuring public safety, escalating maintenance costs, reservoir sedimentation, and restoration of a natural river ecosystem. Decommissioning becomes the option if economic and practical limitations prevent a dam from being upgraded or if its original use has become obsolete. The cost of dam removal is estimated to be an order of magnitude less than that of repairing. The Report also gives an overview of dam decommissioning’s socio-economic impacts, including those on local livelihoods, heritage, property value, recreation, and aesthetics. Notably, the nature of these impacts varies significantly between low- and high-income countries. The Report shows that while dam decommissioning is a relatively recent phenomenon, it is gaining pace in the USA and Europe, where many dams are older. However, it is primarily small dams that have been removed to date, and the decommissioning of large dams is still in its infancy, with only a few known cases in the last decade. A few case studies of ageing and decommissioned large dams illustrate the complexity and length of the process that is often necessary to orchestrate the dam removal safely. Even removing a small dam requires years (often decades), continuous expert and public involvement, and lengthy regulatory reviews. With the mass ageing of dams well underway, it is important to develop a framework of protocols that will guide and accelerate the process of dam removal. Overall, the Report aims to attract global attention to the creeping issue of ageing water storage infrastructure and stimulate international efforts to deal with this emerging water risk. This Report’s primary target audiences are governments and their partners responsible for planning and implementing water infrastructure development and management, emphasizing adaptat
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Mehmood, Hamid. Bibliometrics of Water Research: A Global Snapshot. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/eybt8774.
Abstract:
This report examines the various dimensions of global water-related research over the 2012-2017 period, using extensive bibliographic data. The review covers trends in water-related publications and citations, the relative importance of water-related research in the overall body of scientific research, flows of water-related knowledge between countries and the dynamics of water research publishing opportunities. In summary, it shows that: less than 50% of all countries are publishing water-related research, that China and USA are the two top publishers, and that China’s publishing rate has been growing steadily over the study period. More than 70% of water related publications originating in USA are being cited globally, while China’s water research output appears to be primarily internally cited at present. Analysis of the global water knowledge flows suggests that research is hardly addressing a range of regional water challenges. Countries with protracted water problems – for example in infrastructure, environment, agriculture, energy solutions – do not seem to be at the forefront of water research production or knowledge transfer. Instead, global water research is reliant on Western, particularly US-produced, scientific outputs. A disconnect is also observed between the percentage increase in the publication and the number of citations, suggesting low quality or a narrow focus of many publications. Among other factors, this may reflect the pressure on researchers to contribute a certain number of publications per year, or of the progressively increasing role of grey literature in scientific discourse that ‘diverts’ some citation flow. Analysis of the number of research publications per million people suggests that water research does not necessarily emerge as a reaction to water scarcity in a specific country, but may be driven by the traditional economic value of water supply, geopolitical location, a focus on regional development - including cross-border water management - or development aid spending, or globally applicable research in water management. The proportion of water research in the overall research output of a country is small, including for some of the top-publishing countries. The number of water-related journals that create opportunities for publishing water research, has grown dramatically in absolute terms since 2000, and is now close 2100 journals. The metrics used in this report are based on readily available bibliographic data. They can be further focused to better understand a specific thematic domain, geographical region or country, or to analyze a different period. To help accelerate solutions to global and national water challenges that many of these research papers are highlighting, the water research community needs to look beyond the research ‘box’ and identify ways to measure development impact of water research programmes, rather ‘impact’ based solely on academic impact measured in citations. The research findings, learning and knowledge in these research publications needs to be conveyed in a practical way to the real users of this knowledge – stakeholders who are beyond research circles.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
Abstract:
Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.