Journal articles on the topic 'Acrylate monomer'
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1
Hu Jing, Shao Long Wu, and Bai Yang Lou. "Research on Preparation of Transparent Hydrophilic Antifogging Acrylate Resin." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.92.
Abstract:
Solution polymerization method was used to prepare hydrophilic antifogging acrylate resin. By means of comparison, the optimum synthesis technology conditions was obtained that ethyl acrylate was used as soft monomer , methylcrylate was used as hard monomer. The best functional monomers was acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The accessory functional monoer was β-hydroxyl ethyl acrylate. Cross-linking agent methylol acrylamide belongs to self-cross-linking system. Crosslinker was N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide.The quality rate of cross-linking agent and carboxylic acid is 4 to 1 .The resin can be cured perfectly at the temperature of 100°C in 40 min. The prepared acrylate resin had excellent water-solubility and antifogging.
2
Wang, Ji Hui, Fei Dong, Shu Ping Ren, and Meng Jie Guo. "Synthesis and Humidity Controlling Properties of Hydrotalcite/poly (sodium acrylate-acrylamide) Composite." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1420.
Abstract:
Hydrotalcite/poly(sodium acrylate-acrylamide) composite was synthesized by using inverse suspension polymerization method under different hydrotalcite content, neutralization degree and ratio of monomer with orthogonal experiments. The surface morphology, structure and humidity controlling properties of composite were observed and determined. The results show that hydrotalcite/poly (sodium acrylate-acrylamide) composite is in an irregular block like structure with different size. During the polymerization process, acrylate and acrylamide monomers are successfully intercalated into the interlayer of hydrotalcite, and the distance of (003) hydrotalcite plane is increased from 0.766nm to 1.146nm. The impact of three factors on the humidity controlling behavior of composites increases by the order of ratio of monomer, hydrotalcite content and neutralization degree. The optimum preparation parameters are hydrotalcite content of 4%, neutralization degree of 90% and ratio of monomer in 9:1.
3
Grigale-Soročina, Zane, Elina Vindedze, Julija Kozela, and Ingmārs Birks. "Evaluation of Reactive Diluent Impact on Stability of Systems Viscosity in UV-Curable Compositions." Solid State Phenomena 320 (June 30, 2021): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.320.150.
Abstract:
This study investigated the impact of various reactive diluents on viscosity of uncured mixture at 50 °C over a 12-week period. This criterion is important to predict the shelf life of uncured composition. Studied mono-functional acrylate monomers were: hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA), isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate (EOEOEA), acryloyl morpholine (ACMO), glacial methacrylic acid (GMAA) and phosphate acrylate monomer (PAM); and various solvents: isopropanol(IP) ethyl acetate (EA), butyl acetate (BA). There was found the difference of effect on the systems viscosity in time between the mono-functional monomers and solvents. HPMA and IPA showed the most stable viscosity values in time.
4
Sharma, Amrita, Devendra Agarwal, and Jagabir Singh. "Studies on the Influence of Monomers on the Performance Properties of Epoxy Acrylate Resin." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2008): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/734290.
Abstract:
Twelve blend samples were prepared by physical mixing of epoxy acrylate resins with various monomersviz. ethoxylated phenol monoacrylate (EOPA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) and trimethylol propane tri acrylate(TMPTA), having weight ratio of epoxy acrylate resin and monomers are 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20. These samples were cured under UV radiation using 5% photo initiator by weight. These blends were evaluated for mechanical, chemical & thermal properties. It was found that the sample having mono & tri functional monomers shows better properties than the samples having di functional monomer.
5
Maes, Lowie, Daniel Massana Roqeuro, Louis M. Pitet, Peter Adriaensens, and Tanja Junkers. "Sequence-defined nucleobase containing oligomers via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer single monomer addition." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 12 (2020): 2027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01853k.
6
Zhu, Xian Mei, Gang Hu Cheng, and Hong Zhao Liu. "Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Emulsion of Styrene and Acrylate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1886.
Abstract:
The control of particle size and its distribution has become more and more important both in theory and in practice of emulsion polymerization field. In this study, cationic styrene-acrylate copolymer containing functional monomer was converted into water-soluble polymers by reaction with quaternising agents and acids with the free-soap emulsion polymerization method. The latex was obtained at the existence of nitrogen by the copolymerization of hydrophobic monomer styrene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydrophilic monomer dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, modified PVA-0588 as the emulsifiers. The influences of the amount of azoisobutyronitrile initiator, the amount of dimethyl sulphate quaternising agent, reactivity ratio between monomers, charge density and pH value on the preparation process were discussed. The particle size and particle distribution was strongly affected by these factors. The results showed that the latex with narrow particle distribution and mean particle size about 100nm was obtained under redox system by adjusting 33% monomer to become precursor and dropping the rest of 67% monomer, after polymerization, N,N-dimethylamino groups were fully quaternised with dimethyl sulphate to improve the stability of the solutions. The glass temperature of polymer was 58.1°C, as pH values range of solution was 3~5, the stability and charge density of polymer emulsion could improve.
7
Yang, Zhe, Huan Ye, Tao Qing Fu, and Chang Qing Fu. "Synthesis and Properties of Polyacrylate Hybrid Latexes Containing Fluorine and Silicon." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.92.
Abstract:
In this paper, a series of fluoro-silicone -containing acrylate emulsion (FSiAE) have been prepared through pre-emulsified semi-continuous seed emulsion method with OP-10, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the emulsifier, ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as the main monomers, 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (G02) and methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH-570) as the functional monomers, The effect of the content of fluoro-silicone -containing monomer on the properties of acrylate emulsion and their films, such as the contact angle, water absorption, viscosity and hardness was investigated. The results show that functional monomers had effectively copolymerized with acrylic monomers, and the introduction of fluoro-silicone into the polyacrylate emulsion system did make the viscosity of the emulsion increased, the water absorption and the surface energy of the film decreased.
8
Hutchinson, Robin A., and Sabine Beuermann. "Critically evaluated propagation rate coefficients for radical polymerizations: acrylates and vinyl acetate in bulk (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 11 (November 26, 2019): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1108.
Abstract:
Abstract Arrhenius parameters capturing the temperature dependence of radical polymerization propagation rate coefficients, kp, for methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate in bulk are reported, based on the fitting of benchmark data sets compiled from independent laboratories using the pulsed-laser polymerization/size exclusion chromatography method. The reported kp values for acrylates hold for secondary-radical propagation and are needed to calculate effective propagation rate coefficients in situations where there is a significant population of mid-chain acrylate radicals resulting from backbiting, as will be the case at technically relevant temperatures. The results are compared to those previously reported for styrene and methacrylates to highlight the large differences in kp values seen between the major monomer families.
9
Iannelli, Mauro, Fabio Bergamelli, and Giancarlo Galli. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a New Hydantoin Monomer for Antibacterial Polymeric Materials." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 3 (2009): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08479.
Abstract:
11-(4,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)undecyl acrylate was synthesized in a two-step procedure using microwave irradiation. Poly(acrylates) containing fluorinated and hydantoin (5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione) moieties were prepared by free radical polymerization of 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate and the synthesized monomer with the aim of obtaining low surface energy polymeric materials with properties of contact-active biocides. Polymeric films were treated with a bleaching solution in order to convert the hydantoin units to N-halamines, well-known contact-active biocides. The reversibility of the chlorination reaction, necessary to impart a renewable biocide effect, was investigated by Fourier Transform-Attenuated Total Reflection. Preliminary biological tests conducted against Bacillus megaterium demonstrated the effective biocide properties of the prepared materials.
10
Goliszek, Marta, Beata Podkościelna, Tomasz Klepka, and Olena Sevastyanova. "Preparation, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of UV-Cured Polymer Biocomposites with Lignin." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051159.
Abstract:
The preparation and the thermal and mechanical characteristics of lignin-containing polymer biocomposites were studied. Bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA.GDA) was used as the main monomer, and butyl acrylate (BA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) or styrene (St) was used as the reactive diluent. Unmodified lignin (L) or lignin modified with methacryloyl chloride (L-M) was applied as an ecofriendly component. The influences of the lignin, its modification, and of the type of reactive diluent on the properties of the composites were investigated. In the biocomposites with unmodified lignin, the lignin mainly acted as a filler, and it seemed that interactions occurred between the hydroxyl groups of the lignin and the carbonyl groups of the acrylates. When methacrylated lignin was applied, it seemed to take part in the creation of a polymer network. When styrene was added as a reactive diluent, the biocomposites had a more homogeneous structure, and their thermal resistance was higher than those with acrylate monomers. The use of lignin and its methacrylic derivative as a component in polymer composites promotes sustainability in the plastics industry and can have a positive influence on environmental problems related to waste generation.
11
Fan, Dan, Zhan Xiong Li, Hao Hua Ye, and Jing Yuan. "Study on Emulsion Polymerization of Fluorinated Acrylate and its Application." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.619.
Abstract:
Using fluorinated acrylate (FDA) as functional monomer,the co-polymeric emulsion were prepared with acrylates(homemade) as soft monomers,sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Span-80 as emulsifie,ammonium persulfate as initiator,and methyl methacrylate(MMA) as stiff monomer.The obtained latex was characterized by FT-IR,and was used to treat cotton fabrics. Adopting two dipping and two padding finishing processes, then the treated fibrics were dried at 110°C for 1.5 min,finally cured at 170°C for 3min.The contact angles, water/oil repellency and mechanical properties of treated fabrics were tested. The results showed that the contact angle can approach to 134.3 °, water-repellency rate and oil-repellency rate of the treated fabrics can reach grade 3-4 and 1, respectively. There was little change in whiteness and wrinkle recovery angle.
12
Chen, Lijun, Xin Zhang, Cuifeng Zhang, Zhongbin Bao, and Tingting Xu. "Synthesis and characterisation of fluorine-silicon acrylate latex emulsified by novel green surfactants." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2017-0025.
Abstract:
Purpose Motivated by the globally increasing concern over environmental protection, the interest of a large part of the scientific community focuses on the development of green surfactants aiming to replace traditional toxic surfactants-based alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to prepare acrylate copolymer latex modified with fluorine and silicone monomer, which is emulsified with the green surfactants of sodium rosinate and alkyl polyglycoside (APG). Design/methodology/approach A series of acrylic copolymer latexes containing fluorine–silicon have been prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerisation of mixed monomers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), hexafluorobutylmethacrylate (HFMA) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and emulsified by green mixed surfactants of sodium rosinate and APG. Findings The optimum recipe of preparing the emulsion is as follows: the amount of emulsifiers is 6 per cent and the mass ratio of sodium rosinate to APG is 1:3. The amount of initiator is 0.4 per cent, and the amounts of the silicon monomer and fluorine monomer are 5 and 7 per cent, respectively. In comparison with the acrylate latex prepared without fluorine monomer and silicon monomer, the thermal stability and the water resistance of the film of the resultant latex clearly improved. Practical implications The acrylic copolymer latexes containing fluorine–silicon emulsified with green surfactants can be used in the coatings, adhesives, finishing agents and so on. Originality/value The acrylic copolymer latexes containing fluorine–silicon have been prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerisation. The green mixed surfactants of sodium rosinate and APG have been used as the emulsifiers to replace traditional toxic surfactants-based alternatives.
13
Zhang, Yan, Zhan Ping Zhang, Yu Hong Qi, and Xin Rui Gao. "The Polymerization and Performance of Fluorinated Acrylic Copolymer with Low Surface Energy." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.562.
Abstract:
Fluoro-polymer is of great importance as coating materials because of their excellent resistance to high temperature, chemicals and organic solvents. In the interest of researching low surface energy coating, a kind of copolymer was prepared by solution polymerization method, using methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate whose length of fluorinated carbon chain was from 6 to12. Solid content, monomer conversion rate and viscosity of the copolymer were measured. Parallel experiments were separately carried out with different contents of initiator and fluorinated monomer. The results showed that the water contact angle of the film becomes bigger with the increase of the content of fluorinated monomer, with the biggest value in 108° when the content of fluorinated monomer content is 30 wt%, but only changing little after content of fluorinated monomer reaches up 15 wt%. The results indicated that the copolymer can offer the best property combination when the contents of fluorinated monomer and initiator were 15 wt% and 1.8 wt%.
14
Wang, Ji Hui, Fei Dong, and Shu Ping Ren. "Synthesis and Humidity Controlling Behaviors of Sepiolite/Poly (Sodium Acrylate-Acrylamide) Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1448.
Abstract:
Sepiolite/poly (sodium acrylate-acrylamide) composite was synthesized by using inverse suspending polymerization method under different dispersant content, neutralization degree and ratio of monomer with orthogonal experiments. The surface morphology, structure and humidity controlling properties of composite were observed and determined. The results show that sepiolite/ poly (sodium acrylate-acrylamide) composite is in a fine particle with rough surface. During the polymerization process, acrylate and acrylamide monomer is grafted with hydroxyl on the surface of sepiolite and then intercalated successfully into the silica layers of sepiolite. The impact of three factors on the humidity controlling behavior of composites increases by the order of dispersant content, ratio of monomer and neutralization degree. The optimum preparation parameters are dispersant content of 10%, neutralization degree of 85% and ratio of monomer 2:1.
15
Eldred, Roger J. "Plasticization by in Situ Grafted Acrylates II—Effect of Graft Structure." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536055.
Abstract:
Abstract Grafting of acrylate monomers, such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, onto nitrile rubber during the cure cycle leads to improved low temperature flexibility. The effect of graft structure on the improvement was determined by utilizing chain transfer agents to reduce the molecular weight and increase the number of grafts. In every instance, incorporation of a chain transfer agent led to a compound with greater low-temperature flexibility than a control. The amount of improvement was correlated with the effectiveness of each additive in chain transfer reactions. Since there was no evidence of either degradative chain transfer or changes in cure state, it was concluded that the increased low-temperature flexibility was a direct result of alterations in the graft structure. The plasticization achieved with chain transfer agents and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate monomer was better than previously obtained using more effective acrylic monomers without the additives. This means that the structure of the graft is the major factor in determining the effectiveness of in situ grafted acrylate monomers as plasticizers.
16
Kostić, Milena, Marko Igić, Nikola Gligorijević, Vesna Nikolić, Nenad Stošić, and Ljubiša Nikolić. "The Use of Acrylate Polymers in Dentistry." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 4511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214511.
Abstract:
The manuscript aimed to review the types of acrylate polymers used in dentistry, as well as their chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Regarding their consistency and purpose, dental acrylate polymers are divided into hard (brittle), which includes acrylates for the production of plate denture bases, obturator prostheses, epitheses and maxillofacial prostheses, their repairs and lining, and soft (flexible), which are used for lining denture bases in special indications. Concerning the composition and method of polymerization initiation, polymers for the production of denture bases are divided into four types: heat-, cold-, light-, and microwave-polymerized. CAD/CAM acrylate dentures are made from factory blocks of dental acrylates and show optimal mechanical and physical properties, undoubtedly better monomer polymerization and thus biocompatibility, and stability of the shape and colour of the base and dentures. Regardless of the number of advantages that these polymers have to offer, they also exhibit certain disadvantages. Technological development enables the enhancement of all acrylate properties to respond better to the demands of the profession. Special attention should be paid to improving the biological characteristics of acrylate polymers, due to reported adverse reactions of patients and dental staff to potentially toxic substances released during their preparation and use.
17
Capek, Ignác. "Chain transfer constants in the emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile and butyl acrylate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 11 (1986): 2546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19862546.
Abstract:
Chain transfer constants to monomer have been measured by an emulsion copolymerization technique at 700C. The effects of ammonium persulfate (I) and sodium dodecylphenoxybenzenedisulphonate (E) on the chain transfer mechanism in the emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile and butyl acrylate have been investigated. For the system with the emulsifier concentration ([E]) 7.32 . 10-2 mol dm-3 and the initiator concentration ([I]) 2.28 . 10-2 mol dm-3 (the concentrations related to water volume) the relative transfer constant to monomer is 5.7 . 10-5 for acrylonitrile polymerization and 1.05 . 10-4 for the polymerization of butyl acrylate. In the system with lower [E] 0.63 . 10-2 mol dm-3 and the same [I] as given above the relative transfer constant to monomer is 3.33 . 10-5 for both acrylonitrile and butyl acrylate polymerizations. In the system with [E] 7.32 . 10-2 mol dm-3 and [I] 1.4 . 10-2 mol dm-3 the relative transfer constant to monomer is 1.02 . 10-4 for aacrylonitrile and 1.25 . 10-4 for butyl acrylate polymerizations.
18
Gray, Ian, Frank Heatley, and Peter Alfred Lovell. "Effect of side-group structure and temperature on chain transfer to polymer and branching in acrylate homopolymerizations." Colloid and Polymer Science 300, no. 4 (March 4, 2022): 445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04935-1.
Abstract:
AbstractThe paper reports studies of the effects of ester side-group size and structure on chain transfer to polymer (CTP) and mol% branches (%br) in the final polymers from monomer-starved semi-batch emulsion homopolymerizations of a series of alkyl acrylates with different numbers of ester OR side-group carbon atoms (NsgC) in the range 1–10. Although the high instantaneous conversions and high gel contents in the final polymers show that intermolecular CTP is significant, the kinetics have been analysed principally in terms of intramolecular CTP (intraCTP) because this is expected to be numerically the dominant CTP process. For linear OR side groups, there is a small, continuous increase in %br (from ~ 3.4 to ~ 5.0 mol%) as NsgC increases from 1 to 8, which arises predominantly from the acrylate molar mass (Macrylate) reducing the molar monomer concentration and from the small increase in rate coefficient for propagation (kp) as NsgC increases; no discernible effects of NsgC on the rate coefficient for intraCTP ($${k}_{\mathrm{trP}}^{\mathrm{intra}}$$ k trP intra ) are evident. For isomeric butyl acrylates, there is no measurable effect of isomer structure on %br (4.3–4.4 mol%), indicating that butyl groups are too small for changes in side-group bulkiness to influence $${k}_{\mathrm{trP}}^{\mathrm{intra}}$$ k trP intra and kp. A similar observation was made for n-hexyl acrylate (nHA) and 2-ethylbutyl acrylate (%br 4.7–4.8 mol%). However, cyclohexyl acrylate (cHA) gives a much higher %br (~ 7.2 mol%), which has been assigned to steric effects increasing $${k}_{\mathrm{trP}}^{\mathrm{intra}}$$ k trP intra because kp values for nHA and cHA are very similar. For OR side-groups with NsgC of 8 and10, there is a strong effect of side-group non-linearity (2-ethylhexyl, iso-octyl and iso-decyl) increasing %br, with polymers from n-alkyl acrylates having much lower %br (~ 4.5–5.0 mol%) than those from the equivalent non-linear acrylates (~ 6.7–7.1 mol%); since the kp values are expected to be similar for these acrylates, it is evident that the much bulkier non-linear OR groups cause a significant increase in $${k}_{\mathrm{trP}}^{\mathrm{intra}}$$ k trP intra compared to the linear equivalents. Tentative hypotheses for these steric effects have been postulated. Studies of the effect of temperature (0–80 °C) on CTP and %br for methyl acrylate solution homopolymerization (in which intraCTP should be completely dominant) show the expected reduction in %br as temperature reduces, such that CTP is negligible at 0 °C; Arrhenius analysis gives an activation energy of 40.7 kJ mol−1 for intraCTP, which is within the range of values reported for n-butyl acrylate.
19
Buback, M., and A. Feldermann. "Termination Kinetics of Free-Radical Methyl Methacrylate - Dodecyl Acrylate and Dodecyl Methacrylate - Methyl Acrylate Copolymerizations." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 7 (2002): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02074.
Abstract:
Copolymerization termination rate coefficients (kt) of the methyl methacrylate–dodecyl acrylate (MMA–DA) and dodecyl methacrylate–methyl acrylate (DMA–MA) systems at 40°C and 1000 bar have been measured using the single pulse (SP)–pulsed laser polymerization (PLP) technique. Plateau regions of kt are observed in the initial polymerization period. The region of constant kt increases with the size of the alkyl ester group, e.g. it extends up to at least 60% monomer conversion in DA and DMA homopolymerizations. The plateau kt values of MA and MMA are significantly above the corresponding DA and DMA values. The kt penultimate unit effect model, which uses the so-called geometric mean approximation, is well suited for representation of the dependence on monomer composition of the plateau kt values. The dependence of kt on monomer composition is quite different at low and at high degrees of monomer conversion. The reason behind this is seen in different types of diffusion control being operative at low and at high degrees of monomer conversion. The plateau-type behaviour is assigned to segmental diffusion control, whereas high-conversion kt is controlled by reaction diffusion.
20
Wang, Xue Chuan, Xiao Li Hao, and Tao Tao Qiang. "Preparation and Sizing Performance of the Modified Collagen Surface Sizing Agent." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.367.
Abstract:
Using collagen as the raw material, methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate as the soft and hard monomers, ammonium persulfate as the initiator, a surface sizing agent was prepared by the emulsion polymerization method to modified the collagen. The optimum prepared conditions were got by the single factor experiment, follow as m(soft monomer)/m(hard monomer) for 1:2 or 1:1, m(collagen)/m(monomer) for 1:2, the dosage of initiator for 0.8% of monomers amount, the reaction time for 2h. The FT-IR showed that the grafting reaction between vinyl monomers and collagen happened and the vinyl monomers reacted completely. The particle size distribution of the emulsion indicated that its size distribution was uniform and the average size was 0.117μm. The results of application experiments showed that the tensile strength and tearing strength of paper were stronger than that of base paper for 3 times and 1.9 times, after sizing by using the emulsion. The water-resistance of paper was also improved.
21
Zhu, Zhewen, Chaoying Zhang, and Shuling Gong. "Preparation and Properties of Polyester Modified Waterborne High Hydroxyl Content and High Solid Content Polyacrylate Emulsion." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040636.
Abstract:
A high hydroxyl content waterborne polyester-acrylate emulsion was successfully synthesized in two steps. Firstly, the carboxyl terminated unsaturated polyester was synthesized, then it was reacted as a monomer with acrylate monomer by emulsion polymerization using the semi-continuous seeded method. The effects of the amount of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), the ratio of polyester/acrylic, the ratio of soft/hard monomer, and the content of chain transfer agent to the properties of the composite emulsion were investigated. Through a variety of tests, both the emulsion and film properties of the composite emulsion were better than polyacrylate emulsion. The introduction of polyester improved the flexibility and impact resistance of hydroxyl acrylate film, and made the modified resin have advantages of both.
22
Szafran, Mikolaj, Agnieszka Szudarska, and Paulina Bednarek. "New Low Toxic Water-Soluble Monomers for Gelcasting of Ceramic Powders." Advances in Science and Technology 62 (October 2010): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.62.163.
Abstract:
In this paper the two new low toxic water-soluble monomers: glycerol monoacrylate and 3-O-acrylic-D-glucose are introduced and their application in gelcasting of alumina powder is reported, in comparison with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, the commercial monomer. Both synthesized substances do not need an addition of cross-linking agent to the ceramic slurry, because hydrogen bonds can be formed in the polymer network, owing to the presence of two or more hydroxyl groups in their molecules, unlike in the case of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. Rheological behavior of alumina gelcasting suspensions containing these monomers has been studied, as well as the characteristics of raw and sintered elements formed from these slurries by initializing an in situ polymerization.
23
Howell, Bob A., and Yoseph G. Daniel. "Incorporation of Comonomer exo-5-(Diphenylphosphato)Isosorbide-2-endo-Acrylate to Generate Flame Retardant Poly(Styrene)." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122038.
Abstract:
A phosphorus containing acrylate monomer has been constructed from isosorbide, a renewable biomaterial. Treatment of isosorbide with diphenylchlorophosphate generates a mixture of phosphorus esters from which exo-5-(diphenylphosphato)isosorbide-2-endo-ol may be isolated using column chromatography. Conversion of the alcohol to the corresponding acrylate by treatment with acroyl chloride provides a reactive acryloyl monomer containing a diphenylphosphato unit. Copolymerization of this monomer, at levels to provide 1% or 2% phosphorus incorporation, with styrene generates a polymer with substantially diminished flammability compared to that for styrene homopolymer.
24
Kardar, Pooneh, Morteza Ebrahimi, and Saeed Bastani. "Curing behaviour and mechanical properties of pigmented UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2013-0054.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chemical structure of reactive diluents on the curing behaviour and physical–mechanical properties of a titanium dioxide pigmented UV-curable epoxy acrylate system. Design/methodology/approach – Two different tri-functional and two different tetra-functional acrylate monomers were used as reactive diluents in the formulations. The curing behaviour of the formulations was studied by using photo-differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The rate of curing, conversion at the maximum rate and ultimate conversion for different formulations were calculated. In addition, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the cured films, including glass transition temperature and modulus, were measured by using a dynamic mechanical analysis technique. Findings – The results showed that the ultimate conversion for non-pigmented pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) formulations were almost similar, but the interference effect of titanium dioxide particles on the curing of the PETA formulations was found to be more considerable in comparison to the TMPTA formulations. The extent of reaction for tetra-functional acrylate monomers was considerably less than those for tri-functional acrylate monomers. The Tg and storage modulus of non-pigmented PETA, TMPTA and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PE4TA) formulations were almost the same and higher than that for ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (DiTMP4TA) formulations. However, Tg and storage modulus of pigmented tetra-functional acrylate monomer formulations were higher than those for tri-acrylate monomer formulations. Research limitations/implications – The curing conditions (temperature and UV intensity) can affect the network formation and consequently will affect on the properties of the cured films. Practical implications – The pigmented UV-curable coatings are interested for many industries such as wood and automotive industries. The reported data can be used by the formulators working in the R&D departments. In addition, the results obtained can be used by the researchers who are active in the field of structure–property relationship for UV-curable coatings. Social implications – UV-curing systems are considered as one of the most environment-friendly coatings system. Therefore, the developing of its knowledge can help to extend its usage to different applications. Originality/value – The photopolymerisation of pigmented coatings is a great challenge and is hardly investigated in the literature. Therefore, in this research, the effect of chemical structure and functionality of different multifunctional acrylate monomers on the curing behaviour of pigmented formulations was investigated.
25
Xu, Jianfeng, Ling Long, and Huiren Hu. "Preparation of starch-based styrene acrylate emulsion used as surface-treatment agent for decorative base paper." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0168.
Abstract:
Abstract A series of cationic starch (CS-8)-based styrene (St) acrylate latex preparations was prepared by the core-shell emulsion polymerization method. The latex was used in the surface-treatment of decorative base papers, for good printability and absorbability. CS-8, which has a low relative viscosity, was used as the emulsifier and dispersant. The influencing factors (dosage of CS-8 as well as the kinds and dosages of functional monomers) were studied and the optimal conditions were achieved. Then, the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), laser particle size analysis and particle charge detection. The results showed that the excellent performance and good surface-treatment effects of the St acrylate emulsion (SAE) were achieved when the reaction conditions were as follows: 10 wt% starch, 2 wt% methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as the cationic monomer and 20 wt% ethyl acrylate (EA) as the acrylate monomer. Under the optimal conditions, the latex particle size was around 160 nm, the latex viscosity was 10 mPa·s and the latex charge density was 0.60 mmol·l-1. The printability of the decorative base paper was significantly improved and the absorbability of the paper sheet was maintained. The surface-treatment effect of the cationic starch-based SAE was superior to that of commercial polyurethane (PU).
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Wang, Qing Kai, Bei Qing Huang, Xian Fu Wei, and Hao Chen Shen. "Study on Shrinkage of Cured Volume for UV-Curing Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.588.
Abstract:
UV-Curable Coatings, Have been Widely Used in Machinery, Chemical Engineering, Biology, Medicine, Electronics and so on, due to their Fast Curing, Low Curing Temperature, Low VOC Emissions and Low Energy Cost. however, the Volume Shrinkage during the Curing Process Have a Great Influence on the Performance of the Coating, which Ofen Lowering Coating Adhesive Strength and Accelerating the Aging Process of Coatings Film.The Paper Select Different Kinds of Monomers (EOEOEA, HDDA, TPGDA, NPGDA, TMPTA and EO3- TMPTA) and Light Cured Resin (free Radical Type: Polyester Acrylate Resin 5600, Polyurethane Acrylate UA VP 2396, the Pure Acrylic 6536-1,cationic Resin: Epoxy Cationic Resin Omnilance OC3005) to Prepare the UV Curing Coatings. Study on the Influence of Amount of Monomer and Polymer on Polyreaction Reaction by Using Orthogonal Experimental Design Method in Order to Choose the Monomer and Polymer that has the Least Volume Shrinkage Rate, then Develop Photocureable Coating Based on Free Radical Type and Cationic Resin above. the Results Indicate that the UV-Light Photocureable Coating Prepared by Single Functionality Monomer EOEOEA and the DPGDA that Doesn’t Have Neat Molecular Structure has the Less Volume Shrinkage Rate; however, in the Aspect of Prepolymer, the Preparation of UV-Light Photocureable Coating Based on Polyester Acrylate 5600 has the Least Volume Shrinkage Rate. Rely on the Experiment Results above, Prepare the New Kind of UV-Light Photocureable Coating that has Little Volume Shrinkage Rate.
27
Yu, Bin, Youji Tao, Lu Liu, Yongqian Shi, Hongyu Yang, Ganxin Jie, Siuming Lo, Qilong Tai, Lei Song, and Yuan Hu. "Thermal and flame retardant properties of transparent UV-curing epoxy acrylate coatings with POSS-based phosphonate acrylate." RSC Advances 5, no. 92 (2015): 75254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11805k.
Abstract:
A novel branched phosphonate acrylate monomer containing phosphorus and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes was successfully synthesized and then incorporated into epoxy acrylate resins in different ratios using ultraviolet curing technology.
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Huang, Tao, Qing-Xia Yuan, and Shu-Ling Gong. "Emulsifier-Free Acrylate-Based Emulsion Prepared by Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030730.
Abstract:
The self-emulsifying acrylate-based emulsions with solid content 45 wt.% were prepared in 3.5 h by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP), and the polymer molecular weight (Mn) could be 30,000 g·mol−1. The influences of methacrylic acid (MAA) amount, soft/hard monomer mass ratio, and iodine amount on polymerization and latex were investigated. A moderate amount of ionized MAA was needed to stabilize the emulsion. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased with the increasing mass ratio of soft/hard monomer. A higher iodine amount resulted in lower Mn. The increased Mn after chain extension of the polymer with water-insoluble monomers in iterative one-pot method proved the living of polymer. Compared with conventional emulsion polymerization, molecular weight (Mn) could be controlled, and Mn of polymer synthesized in RITP emulsion polymerization is higher; emulsion of polyacrylate-containing hydroxyl monomer units prepared by RITP emulsifier-free radical polymerization is more stable. Good properties, such as hardness, water resistance, adhesion, and increased value of maximum tensile of films modified by reaction of polyacrylate with melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin, indicated potential application in baking coating.
29
Kook, Jun-Won, Yongsoo Kim, Kiseob Hwang, Jung Kim, and Jun-Young Lee. "Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate)/Perfluorosilyl Methacrylate Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Novel Approach for Optimization of Coating Process." Polymers 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111186.
Abstract:
In this study, the coating order of two monomers in the shell polymerization process of core-shell nanoparticles was altered to facilitate easy coating and optimize the properties of the coated surface to simplify the additional coating formulation process. To obtain a glass transition temperature suitable for coating, a core was synthesized by the copolymerization of an acryl monomer. A perfluoro monomer and silane monomer were additionally added to synthesize nanoparticles exhibiting both water–oil repellency and anchoring properties. In order to realize various surface properties, the nanoparticles underwent surface modification and cellulose fiber was introduced. Through the various data described in this text, the surface properties improved with the order of the introduction of the two monomers.
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Lorusso, Emanuela, Wael Ali, Marcus Hildebrandt, Thomas Mayer-Gall, and Jochen S. Gutmann. "Hydrogel Functionalized Polyester Fabrics by UV-Induced Photopolymerization." Polymers 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081329.
Abstract:
We address a strategy to graft hydrogels onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics using different acrylate-based monomers. The hydrogel-modified fabrics were prepared by a two-step modification. To this end, double functional groups were firstly introduced onto the PET surface via an aminolysis reaction involving allylamine. The final grafted polymer networks were then obtained after UV-induced radical photopolymerization by varying acrylate monomer types in the presence of a cross-linker. After characterization, the resulting hydrogels showed different morphologies and abrasion resistance performances depending on their chemical nature. UV-photopolymerization is a fast and low-cost method to achieve technical fabrics with specific desired properties.
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Suresh, Jayaseelan, and Araichimani Arun. "Acrylate polymers of triazine containing chalcone moiety: Synthesis, characterization, reactivity ratio and photocrosslinking studies." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221107447.
Abstract:
Acrylate monomer ((4-(3-(4-((4-(4-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)-6-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl acrylate (DTCP) is prepared and used to prepare poly (DTCP) and its copolymer poly (DTCP-co-HEA) and poly (DTCP-co-S) using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), styrene (S) by solution polymerization technique. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton Nucleharmar Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and UV-Visible techniques are used to identify the synthesized polymers. Gel permeation chromatography method is used to determine the polymer’s weight average molecular weight, which is found to be around 10000 g/mol. According to the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis study, the synthesized polymers go through single stage decomposition centered at 340°C. The polymer reactivity ratio is found using well known Finemann-Ross (F-R), Kelen-Tudos (K-T), and extended Kelen-Tudos (ex.K-T) methods. The reactivity of the commercial monomers (HEA or S) is found to be higher than that of synthesized monomer, according to our findings. The photocrosslinking rate of the synthesized polymers is determined using a UV visible spectroscopic method and found to be high for polymer having HEA unit.
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Buback, Michael, Pascal Hesse, Thomas Junkers, Thomas Theis, and Philipp Vana. "Chain-Length-Dependent Termination in Acrylate Radical Polymerization Studied via Pulsed-Laser-Initiated RAFT Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 10 (2007): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07236.
Abstract:
The chain-length dependence of the termination rate coefficient, kt, in methyl acrylate (MA) and dodecyl acrylate (DA) radical polymerization has been determined via the single pulse pulsed-laser polymerization near-infrared reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SP-PLP-NIR-RAFT) technique. Polymerization is induced by a laser SP and the resulting decay in monomer concentration, cM, is monitored via NIR spectroscopy with a time resolution of microseconds. A RAFT agent ensures the correlation of radical chain length and monomer-to-polymer conversion. The obtained rate coefficients for termination of two radicals of approximately the same chain length, i, are represented by power-law expressions, kt(i,i) ∝ i–α. For both monomers, composite model behaviour of kt(i,i) showing two distinct chain length regimes is observed. The exponent αs referring to short chain lengths is close to unity, whereas the exponent αl, which characterizes the chain-length dependency of large radicals, is slightly above the theoretical value for coiled chain-end radicals. The crossover chain length, ic, which separates the two regions, decreases from MA (ic = 30) to DA (ic = 20). The results for MA and DA are consistent with earlier data reported for butyl acrylate. There appears to be a correlation of αs and ic with chain flexibility.
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Ibach, Rebecca E., and Roger M. Rowell. "Wood Preservation Based on In situ Polymerization of Bioactive Monomers. Part 2. Fungal Resistance and Thermal Properties of Treated Wood." Holzforschung 55, no. 4 (June 21, 2001): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.061.
Abstract:
Summary This paper is the second in a two-part series on in situ polymerization of bioactive monomers as an alternative to conventional preservative treatments. In this part of the study, bioactive monomers were evaluated for their ability to provide resistance to decay and protection against fire. Five bioactive monomers were synthesized: (1) pentachlorophenolyl acrylate (PCPA), (2) tributyltin acrylate (TBTA), (3) 8-hydroxyquinolyl acrylate (HQA), (4) 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinolyl acrylate (DBHQA), and (5) diethyl-N1N-bis (acryloxyethyl) aminomethyl phosphonate (Fyrol 6 acrylate, F6A). Southern pine sapwood samples were treated with acrylate solutions at different retention levels and with various amounts of crosslinker (trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, TMPTM), then polymerized in situ. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was used as the control. Biological resistance to the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum was determined on acetone-leached and unleached samples. PCPA showed some biological efficacy in the absence of crosslinker, but otherwise provided no more protection than did MMA alone. TBTA was biologically effective at all retention levels except with crosslinker concentration ≥10 %. HQA was biologically effective at ≥ 2% retention. F6A was not biologically effective, although unleached wood treated with 10% F6A and 5% or no crosslinker showed some resistance to decay. The 5% DBHQA plus 5% crosslinker treatment was biologically effective in both leached and unleached wood. The effects of the highest treatment level of each monomer, after polymerization, were also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. All treatments provided some resistance to fire. The best treatment was 10 % F6A, which resulted in the lowest mass loss (67.0 %) and the lowest maximum temperature of pyrolysis (308.5 °C).
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Suresh, J., S. Karthik, and A. Arun. "Photocrosslinkable polymer based on 4-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl) phenylacrylate: synthesis, reactivity ratio, and crosslinking studies." Materials Science-Poland 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0117.
Abstract:
AbstractThe acrylate monomer was synthesized by two step process. 2,4-dichloro-1-ene(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenone (DHP) was synthesized using 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 2,4-dichloro acetophenone. 4-[3-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]phenylacrylate (DCP) was prepared by reacting DHP with acryloyl chloride. The synthesized monomer was copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and styrene using solution polymerization technique. Monomer and polymers were characterized by IR, NMR and UV techniques. The average molecular weight of the polymer was around 4000 g/mol. First and second decomposition temperature of the polymers was around 320 °C and 430 °C, respectively. The reactivity ratio of the polymers was calculated by Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tudos and extended Kelen-Tudos methods. The synthesized monomer has been less reactive than the commercial monomer. The rate of photocrosslinking increased from 39 % to 99 % due to the using of copolymerization technique.
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Sun, Zhao, Yan Ping Liu, and Xi Jun Liu. "Synthesis and Characterization of PBA-P(MMA-HPMA) Core-Shell Latex Particles." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.854.
Abstract:
In this paper, Taken the methyl hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPMA) as functional monomer, a novel poly (butyl acrylate)-poly (methyl methacrylate-methyl hydroxypropyl acrylate) (PBA-P(MMA-HPMA)) core-shell latex particles were synthesized by the method of pre-emulsion semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The structure and morphology of core-shell latex particles were characterized by the way of laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), nonaqueous acid-base titration, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental results showed that the average size of PBA-P(MMA-HPMA) core-shell latex particles was 340nm and the average size of PBA core latex particles was 270nm. The functional monomer HPMA really participated in shell layer copolymerization, when the dosage of HPMA was 8% of shell monomer, HPMA content in the shell was the largest and reached 2.16%. Tg value of the copolymer P(MMA-HPMA) was firstly increased and then reduced with the increasing of HPMA content in shell.
36
Pan, Hong, and Guo Zhong Li. "Study on a Brushing Hydrophobic Agent of Gypsum." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.246.
Abstract:
A brushing hydrophobic agent of gypsum was prepared with organic silicon monomer (ASID), actyflon-G02, actyflon-G04 and (meth)acrylate monomer by solution polymerization method. The influence factors including the reaction temperature and the introducing model of monomers were investigated. Effect of the hydrophobic agent on water absorption of gypsum samples was also studied. The experimental results indicated that the early water resistance of gypsum samples with the agent was obviously improved. However the water absorption became large when gypsum samples were used for a long period of time, and it is applied to parts of the building that short-term subjected to moisture intrusion.
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Hadavand, Behzad Shirkavand, Farhood Najafi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, and Alireza Malekian. "Hyperbranched polyesters urethane acrylate resin." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 6 (March 17, 2017): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317696566.
Abstract:
In the present study, response surface methodology is used to synthesize hyperbranched polyesters based on variables reaction time, ratio of monomer to core, and type of catalyst. Then, the synthesized polyesters were used for preparing hyperbranched urethane acrylates in two steps. In order to characterize these polymers, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance is used. Hyperbranched urethane acrylates were formulated and cured by ultraviolet irradiation. Finally, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) test is used to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the coatings. The results of DMTA test were shown that the higher molar mass distribution of hyperbranched polyester is associated with less uniformity of cross-link network of cured samples. Also by increasing the molar mass of hyperbranched polyester, glass transition temperature of cured urethane acrylate resins was increased. The samples produced by using methane sulfonic acid catalyst show higher strength and more uniform cross-link network than the those made by sulfuric acid catalyst.
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Papastergiou, Maria, Aspasia Kanellou, Despoina Chriti, Grigorios Raptopoulos, and Patrina Paraskevopoulou. "Poly(Urethane-Acrylate) Aerogels via Radical Polymerization of Dendritic Urethane-Acrylate Monomers." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 2249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112249.
Abstract:
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of multifunctionality on material properties of synthetic polymer aerogels. For this purpose, we present the synthesis and characterization of monolithic dendritic-type urethane-acrylate monomers based on an aliphatic/flexible (Desmodur N3300), or an aromatic/rigid (Desmodur RE) triisocyanate core. The terminal acrylate groups (three at the tip of each of the three branches, nine in total) were polymerized with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) via free radical chemistry. The resulting wet-gels were dried with supercritical fluid (SCF) CO2. Aerogels were characterized with ATR-FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR. The porous network was probed with N2-sorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of aerogels was studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Most aerogels were macroporous materials (porosity > 80%), with high thermal stability (up to 300 °C). Aerogels were softer at low monomer concentrations and more rigid at higher concentrations. The material properties were compared with those of analogous aerogels bearing only one acrylate moiety at the tip of each branch and the same cores, and with those of analogous aerogels bearing norbornene instead of acrylate moieties. The nine-terminal acrylate-based monomers of this study caused rapid decrease of the solubility of the growing polymer and made possible aerogels with much smaller particles and much higher surface areas. For the first time, aliphatic/flexible triisocyanate-based materials could be made with similar properties in terms of particle size and surface areas to their aromatic/rigid analogues. Finally, it was found that with monomers with a high number of crosslinkable groups, material properties are determined by multifunctionality and thus aerogels based on 9-acrylate- and 9-norbornene-terminated monomers were similar. Materials with aromatic cores are carbonizable with satisfactory yields (20–30% w/w) to mostly microporous materials (BET surface areas: 640–740 m2 g−1; micropore surface areas: 360–430 m2 g−1).
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Mondal, Ibrahim H. "Grafting of Methyl Acrylate and Methyl Methacrylate onto Jute fiber: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Grafted Jute." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 3 (September 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800305.
Abstract:
The graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate vinyl monomers onto jute fiber using potassium persulfate and ferrous sulfate redox system was investigated in an aqueous medium. Optimized reaction conditions for the graft copolymerization were established for parameter variables, of monomer concentration, initiator concentration, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The grafting degrees were found to depend on the above mentioned variables. A maximum graft yield of 17.3% for MA and 19.4% for MMA was obtained under effective optimized conditions for grafting. The attachment of the monomer on the grafted fiber was confirmed by FTIR studies. Dyeing was affected by monomer characteristics, and due to the development of hydrophobic nature on jute fiber by grafting, a lower amount of dye absorption occurred. Grafting has a favorable influence on tenacity, color fastness, and other properties of jute fiber.
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Han, Ying, and Chao Xie. "Synthesis and Characterization of an Experimental Light-Curing Dental Resinous Monomer." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.337.
Abstract:
2-((phenylcarbamoyl) oxy) ethyl acrylate (Monomer 1) was synthesized based on the raw materials of N-Z-ethanolamine (NSC), acryloyl chloride (AOC), triethylamine (TEA) and dichloromethane (DCM). The chemical structure of Monomer 1 was characterized and confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR, and the light-curing polymerization behavior was also investigated. Results showed that Monomer 1 had prospective chemical structure. Compared to commercial monomer TEGDMA, Monomer 1 had better reaction speed and conversion rate.
41
Wen, Shuang Shuang, Guang Xue Chen, Qi Feng Chen, Zhen Cai Qu, and Jin Yan. "Analysis and Synthesis of Surface Sizing Agent BLD-02." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1401.
Abstract:
The chemical composition of surface sizing agent BLD-02 was researched, as well as its synthesis method. BLD-02 was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the main monomers were styrene, acrylate and acrylonitrile. In the process of synthesis, these monomers were prepared for copolymer latex by seed emulsion polymerization. Through a series of pre-trial, the results showed that when the contents of initiator and emulsifying agent were 0.3% and 3% (the percentage of total) respectively, the weight ratio of hard monomer to soft monomer was 2/3 and the reaction temperature was 75°C, the synthetic emulsion with higher viscosity, smaller particle size and well-dispersion was prepared. Results showed that the infrared spectrum and properties of the synthetic emulsion, to some extent, were as same as that of BLD-02.
42
Navaruckiene, Aukse, Danguole Bridziuviene, Vita Raudoniene, Egidija Rainosalo, and Jolita Ostrauskaite. "Influence of Vanillin Acrylate-Based Resin Composition on Resin Photocuring Kinetics and Antimicrobial Properties of the Resulting Polymers." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030653.
Abstract:
The investigation of the influence of vanillin acrylate-based resin composition on photocuring kinetics and antimicrobial properties of the resulting polymers was performed in order to find efficient photocurable systems for optical 3D printing of bio-based polymers with tunable rigidity, as well as with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Two vanillin derivatives, vanillin diacrylate and vanillin dimethacrylate, were tested in photocurable systems using phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide as a photoinitiator. The influence of vanillin acrylate monomer, amount of photoinitiator, presence and amount of dithiol, and presence of solvent on photocuring kinetics was investigated by real-time photoreometry. Polymers of different rigidity were obtained by changing the photocurable resin composition. The photocuring kinetics of the selected vanillin acrylate-based resins was comparable with that of commercial petroleum-based acrylate resins for optical 3D printing. Polymers based on both vanillin acrylates showed a significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Vanillin diacrylate-based polymer films also demonstrated an antifungal activity in direct contact with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. Vanillin diacrylate-based dual curing systems were selected as the most promising for optical 3D printing of bio-based polymers with antibacterial and antifungal activity.
43
Zhou, Jian Hua, Lin Ben Wang, Yan Jiao Cui, Jian Zhong Ma, and Gen Xing Sun. "Synthesis and Properties of Nano-TiO2 Modified Fluorine-Containing Polyacrylate Soap-Free Emulsion." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.161.
Abstract:
Nano-TiO2Modified Fluorine-Containing Polyacrylate Soap-Free Emulsion was Successfully Synthesized via Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization Technique, in which the Polymerization Monomers Consisted of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), Butyl Acrylate (BA) and Dodecafluoroheptyl Methacrylate (DFMA). the Influence of Amount of Initiator, Emulsifier, Containing Fluorine Monomer and nano-TiO2on the Performance of Emulsion was Investigated. the Results Showed that the Good Polymerization Stability, and High Monomer Conversion were Obtained when the Amount of Ammonium Initiator was 1.2%, the Amount of Reactive Emulsifier was 3.5%. with Increasing Amount of DFMA, the Monomer Conversion Decreased and the Gel Rate Increased Gradually with the Increase of DFMA Amount. UV-Blocking Ability of the Cotton Fabric Treated with the Hybrid Emulsion Containing Nano-Tio2increased with Increasing Amount of Nano-TiO2. IR Spectrum Results Showed that Nano-TiO2and Fluorine-Containing Monomer were Successfully Introduced in the Segmental Structure of the Polymer. SEM Revealed that Nano-TiO2was Loaded on the Surface of the Treated Cotton Fabric which had Good Hydrophobicity.
44
Yin, Pengfei, Yang Liu, Dan Huang, and Chao Zhang. "Highly Tough, Stretchable and Self-Healing Polyampholyte Elastomers with Dual Adhesiveness." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 4548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094548.
Abstract:
A new type of polyampholyte with unique viscoelastic properties can be easily synthesized by the copolymerization of butyl acrylate with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acid acrylate in one pot. The elastic modulus of the as-prepared polyampholyte can be easily tuned by adjusting the ratio between the butyl acrylate and ionic monomers. The polyampholyte synthesized by a low proportion of ionic monomer showed low tensile strength and high stretchability, resulting in good conformal compliance with the biological tissues and potent energy dissipation. Due to the existence of high-intensity reversible ionic bonds in the polymer matrix, excellent self-recovery and self-healing properties were achieved on the as-prepared polyampholytes. By combining the high Coulombic interaction and interfacial energy dissipation, tough adhesiveness was obtained for the polyampholyte on various substrates. This new type of polyampholyte may have important applications in adhesives, packaging and tissue engineering.
45
Yang, Wei, Yi Chi Chen, Xiao Qun Wang, Dong Xiao Han, and Li Qun Zhu. "Effect of Fluorine-Containing Surfactant on Fluorinated Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization and the Properties of the Latex Film." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.130.
Abstract:
Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer modified acrylate hybrid latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) in the presence of three kinds of surfactant mixture conditions, respectively. The effect of different surfactant mixtures on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex and film were investigated. Chemical composition and morphology of the resultant hybrid latex particles were respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of a small amount fluorine-containing surfactant leads to an increase of the monomer conversion and improvement of thermal stability of the latex. The average particle size of the latex prepared in the presence of OP-10/Le-180s/CO-436/Le-003 surfactant mixture was uniform and the particle distribution was narrow; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the hybrid latex possessed good thermal stability, and the result also revealed the latex exhibited good dilution, refrigeration as well as Ca2+ stability.
46
Chen, Lijun, Wen Li, and Wei Jiang. "Synthesis and application of cationic fluorinated acrylic resin for use in cathodic electrodeposition coatings." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2013-0093.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to prepare a fluorinated acrylate resin, which would be synthesised via solution polymerisation of fluorinated monomer, acrylate monomers and other functional monomers. Relevant characterisation and application studies were also carried out. Fluorinated polymers are expected to be adopted in specific coatings to afford outstanding advantages, such as high chemical and photochemical resistance, low surface tension and low refractive index. At present, fluorinated cathodic electrodeposition (CED) coatings are attracting the attention that they deserve and seldom reported. Design/methodology/approach – Cationic fluorinated acrylic resin was successfully prepared by solution polymerisation of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid initiated by 2,2,-azo-bis-iso-butyronitrile in a solvent of butyl cellosolve. The resultant resin was neutralised with acetic acid. The CED coatings are prepared when moderate amounts of blocked isocyanate and distilled water were added into the resultant resin. Findings – The hydrophobicity of the film is improved when the fluorinated monomer is introduced to co-polymerise with other monomers. The optimum conditions of preparing the resin are as follows: the amount of azodiisobutyronitrile is controlled with the range of 3.0 and 4.0 per cent; the amine value of the resin is 70 mg KOH/g; the hydroxyl value of resin and mole ratio of hydroxyl to isocyanate is 60 mg KOH/g and 1.0/1.0, respectively; the degree of neutralisation of the resin is within the range of 35 and 40 per cent. Practical implications – The cationic fluorinated acrylic resin can be used to be the binder of CED coatings, which can be applied to electrodeposition finishing for high demand of exterior decorative and weather resistance, such as hardware, accessories, office furniture and so on. Originality/value – The cationic fluorinated acrylic resin was successfully prepared by solution polymerisation. The hydrophobicity of the film is improved.
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Ballard, Nicholas, Antonio Veloso, and José Asua. "Mid-Chain Radical Migration in the Radical Polymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate." Polymers 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070765.
Abstract:
The occurrence of intramolecular transfer to polymer in the radical polymerization of acrylic monomers has been extensively documented in the literature. Whilst it has been largely assumed that intramolecular transfer to polymer leads to short chain branches, there has been some speculation over whether the mid-chain radical can migrate. Herein, by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) of poly(n-butyl acrylate) synthesized by solution polymerization under a range of conditions, it is shown that this mid-chain radical migration does occur in the radical polymerization of acrylates conducted at high temperatures, as is evident from the shape of the molecular weight distribution. Using a mathematical model, an initial approximation of the rate at which migration occurs is made and the distribution of branching lengths formed in this scenario is explored. It is shown that the polymerizations carried out under a low monomer concentration and at high temperatures are particularly prone to radical migration reactions, which may affect the rheological properties of the polymer.
48
Ito, Shunya, Shu Kaneko, Cheol Min Yun, Kei Kobayashi, and Masaru Nakagawa. "Investigation of Fluorinated (Meth)Acrylate Monomers and Macromonomers Suitable for a Hydroxy-Containing Acrylate Monomer in UV Nanoimprinting." Langmuir 30, no. 24 (June 11, 2014): 7127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la501629n.
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Lyons, RA, and E. Senogles. "Reactivities of Monomers Towards the 1-Methyl-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl Radical." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 12 (1994): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9942201.
Abstract:
The relative reactivities of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate , methyl methacrylate and styrene towards the 1-methyl-1-( methoxycarbonyl )ethyl radical have been determined at 60°C, and the results compared with those for the poly (methyl methacrylate ) radical. The results for methyl acrylate suggest that the copolymerization of this monomer with methyl methacrylate is adequately described by a terminal mechanism. Those for styrene show that the presence of a penultimate styrene or methyl methacrylate unit in a poly(methyl methacrylate ) radical leads to a slightly greater preference for this radical to add styrene over methyl methacrylate compared to the 1-methyl-1-( methoxycarbonyl )ethyl radical. The results for methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile suggest that the copolymerization of these monomers is probably best represented by a penultimate mechanism.
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Lee, Jung-Hun, Ji-Soo Kim, Hyun-Joong Kim, Kyujong Park, Jungwoo Moon, Jinyoung Lee, and Youngju Park. "Free Volume Effect via Various Chemical Structured Monomers on Adhesion Property and Relative Permittivity in Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesives." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112633.
Abstract:
Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are used as fixatives between layers of a display. PSAs’ function is an important factor that determines the performance of the display. Of the various display types available, the touch screen panel (TSP) of smart devices is firmly related to the relative permittivity of the elementals. Therefore, adjusting the relative permittivity of the PSA is indispensable for driving the TSP. Accordingly, selected acrylic pre-polymers were polymerized and the pre-polymer was blended and cross-linked with monomers with different chemical structure to adjust the relative permittivity. The monomers were hexametyldisiloxane (HMDS), N-vinylcaprolactam (NVC), tert-butyl acrylate (TBA), and isooctadecyl acrylate (ISTA). The gel fraction and transmittance as a function of the monomers show a similar result to the pure acrylic PSA. However, the gel fraction value decreased to about 90% and the transmittance decreased to about 85%, due to the immiscibility between nonpolar HMDS and acrylic PSA. On the other hand, the adhesion properties were improved when NVC was added because of the polarity of the nitrogen group. In addition, the relative permittivity of the PSA decreased regardless of the monomer chosen. There was, however, a difference in the optimal content of each monomer, and NVC decreased from 4 phr content to about 3.4 in reducing relative permittivity. Through the above results, it was confirmed that NVC having a nitrogen group is most advantageous in lowering adhesion properties and relative permittivity, and necessitates further research based on the findings.