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Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) in children – Patients – Rwanda'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Rusingiza, Emmanuel K., Ziad El-Khatib, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, et al. "Outcomes for patients with rheumatic heart disease after cardiac surgery followed at rural district hospitals in Rwanda." Heart 104, no. 20 (2018): 1707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312644.

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BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, continued clinical follow-up, after cardiac surgery, is only available at urban referral centres. We implemented a decentralised, integrated care model to provide longitudinal care for patients with advanced rheumatic heart disease (RHD) at district hospitals in rural Rwanda before and after heart surgery.MethodsWe collected data from charts at non-communicable disease (NCD) clinics at three rural district hospitals in Rwanda to describe the outcomes of 54 patients with RHD who received cardiac valve surgery during 2007–2015.ResultsThe majority of patients were

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Adeyemi, Olukemi, Mary Lyons, Tsi Njim, et al. "Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (2021): e004669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004669.

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BackgroundLow-income and middle-income countries are struggling to manage growing numbers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while services for patients with HIV infection are well established. There have been calls for integration of HIV and NCD services to increase efficiency and improve coverage of NCD care, although evidence of effectiveness remains unclear. In this review, we assess the extent to which National HIV and NCD policies in East Africa reflect the calls for HIV-NCD service integration.MethodsBetween April 2018 and December 2020, we searched for policies,

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Prado-Calleros, Héctor M., Bertha B. Castillo-Ventura, Irma Jiménez-Escobar, et al. "Noma and Noma-like disease in HIV/AIDS patients, a comorbid interaction: A systematic review." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 02 (2018): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9716.

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Introduction: Noma is an opportunistic polymicrobial infection that cause necrosis of the mouth and face, with high morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting malnourished children and persons with debilitating diseases. Cases of noma-like disease in adults, although rare, have been increasingly reported in HIV/AIDS patients particularly in developing countries but also in more developed countries. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature to assess the occurrence and clinical impact of noma and noma-like disease in HIV/AIDS patients was performed on PubMed, Virtual Health

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Buriti, Ana Karina Lima, Simone Helena dos Santos Oliveira, and Lilian Ferreira Muniz. "Hearing loss in children with HIV/AIDS." CoDAS 25, no. 6 (2013): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-17822013.05000013.

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PURPOSE: To investigate the occurrence of hearing loss in children with HIV and its association with viral load, opportunistic diseases, and antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 23 HIV-positive children under care at two specialized centers in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Their parents or legal guardians responded to a questionnaire, containing data on the clinical situation and the hearing health of the children, who were then submitted to audiological assessment. We complied with the guidelines for human research contained in the CNE (National Educ

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DeArmond, S. J. "Aids Dementia Complex." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 1090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018778.

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The World Health Organization estimates by the year 2000 that the cumulative total of HIV-1 infected adults and children will be about 30 million worldwide. Disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in association with AIDS is common. 20-30% of AIDS patients will develop varying degrees of cognitive and motor deficits designated the “AIDS dementia Complex (ADC)” or “HIV-1-associated cognitive/motor deficit”. Progression of symptoms is usually slow and irregular. In the end-stage, the patient is severely impaired with mutism, incontinence and prominent motor impairment. Neuroradiologic studie

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Martinez-Sandoval, B., H. Ceballos-Hernández, J. Téllez-Rodríguez, L. Xochihua-Díaz, G. Durán-Ibarra, and AJ Pozos-Guillen. "Idiopathic Ulcers as an Oral Manifestation in Pediatric Patients with AIDS: Multidisciplinary Management." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 37, no. 1 (2012): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.37.1.5328h67527165u88.

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HIV infection is a major global health problem affecting developing and developed countries alike. HIV infection is associated with multiple oral lesions, some of which are of value in diagnosing the disease. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical manifestations and their multidisciplinary management, in a 6- year-old girl with AIDS. The findings of this case report indicate that, it is essential to be familiar with the early oral manifestations of AIDS in order to understand the patient's dental health needs, apply preventive methods, control caries, and understand the value of or

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Stulac, Sara, Merab Nyishime, Jean Bosco Bigirimana, Alain N. Uwumugambi, Sara Chaffee, and Leslie E. Lehmann. "Partners In Health Generalist/Specialist Twinning: A Health Delivery Model Used in Treating Childhood Lymphoma in Rural Rwanda,." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 4222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4222.4222.

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Abstract Abstract 4222 In the developed world approximately 80% of children with lymphoma can be cured. As global health initiatives have broadened to address noncommunicable diseases the approach to cancer care for children in resource poor settings becomes of increasing concern. Traditional models of tertiary care provision will not be applicable as there is not an adequate number of existing pediatricians subspecializing in oncology to provide for the world's children. At Rwinkwavu, a Partners In Health (PIH) supported government district hospital in rural Rwanda, a small cohort of children

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Anyanwu, Onyinye Uchenna, Benson Nnamdi Onyire, and Faith W. Daniyan. "Prevalence of Wasting, Thinness, Stunting and Under-weight among Paediatric AIDS Patients in a Tertiary Centre." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 2 (2016): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i2.14904.

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Introduction: Malnutrition is a common occurrence in HIV positive children. Its presence reflects the level of care the child receives as well as affects the outcome of their infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of various forms of malnutrition among HIV positive children. This was a Hospital based Cross-sectional study in HIV-positive children receiving care in FETHA.Material and Methods: using the WHO reference standards, we determined the prevalence of wasting, thinness, stunting and underweight in HIV-positive children receiving care in FETHA. Height and w

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Hussain, Althaf I., William Lane M. Robson, Robin Kelley, Tanya Reid, and J. David Gangemi. "Mycoplasma penetrans and Other Mycoplasmas in Urine of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Children." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1518-1523.1999.

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Urine samples from children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and healthy controls were examined for mycoplasmas by culture. Standard biochemical assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and PCR (16S and 16S-23S spacer rRNA region) were used for identification of isolates. Mycoplasmas were identified from 13 (87%) of 15 HIV-positive patients and 3 (20%) of 15 HIV-negative control patients. The frequency and type of mycoplasma varied with the severity of HIV infection.Mycoplasma penetrans, Mycoplasma pirum,Mycoplasma fermentans, and Mycoplasma genitaliu

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Bettiol, Alessandra, Giuseppe Lopalco, Giacomo Emmi, et al. "Unveiling the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Anti-Interleukin-1 Treatment in Monogenic and Multifactorial Autoinflammatory Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (2019): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081898.

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Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are heterogeneous disorders characterized by dysregulation in the inflammasome, a large intracellular multiprotein platform, leading to overproduction of interleukin-1(IL-1)β that plays a predominant pathogenic role in such diseases. Appropriate treatment is crucial, also considering that AIDs may persist into adulthood with negative consequences on patients’ quality of life. IL-1β blockade results in a sustained reduction of disease severity in most AIDs. A growing experience with the human IL-1 receptor antagonist, Anakinra (ANA), and the monoclonal anti IL-1

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Collins, F. M. "Mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2, no. 4 (1989): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.2.4.360.

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The mycobacteria are an important group of acid-fast pathogens ranging from obligate intracellular parasites such as Mycobacterium leprae to environmental species such as M. gordonae and M. fortuitum. The latter may behave as opportunistic human pathogens if the host defenses have been depleted in some manner. The number and severity of such infections have increased markedly with the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. These nontuberculous mycobacteria tend to be less virulent for humans than M. tuberculosis, usually giving rise to self-limiting infections inv

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Hughes, Jing W., Tonya D. Riddlesworth, Linda A. DiMeglio, Kellee M. Miller, Michael R. Rickels, and Janet B. McGill. "Autoimmune Diseases in Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes From the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 12 (2016): 4931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2478.

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Background and Aims: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), but the prevalence and associated predictive factors for these comorbidities of T1D across all age groups have not been fully characterized. Materials and Methods: Data obtained from 25 759 participants with T1D enrolled in the T1D Exchange Registry were used to analyze the types and frequency of AIDs as well as their relationships to gender, age, and race/ethnicity. Diagnoses of autoimmune diseases, represented as ordinal categories (0, 1, 2, 3, or more AIDs) were obtained from medical records of E

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Katsetos, Christos D., John E. Fincke, Agustin Legido, et al. "Angiocentric CD3+ T-Cell Infiltrates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Central Nervous System Disease in Children." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6, no. 1 (1999): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.6.1.105-114.1999.

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ABSTRACT A significant proportion of brain tissue specimens from children with AIDS show evidence of vascular inflammation in the form of transmural and/or perivascular mononuclear-cell infiltrates at autopsy. Previous studies have shown that in contrast to inflammatory lesions observed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encephalitis, in which monocytes/macrophages are the prevailing mononuclear cells, these infiltrates consist mostly of lymphocytes. Perivascular mononuclear-cell infiltrates were found in brain tissue specimens collected at autopsy from five of six children with AI

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Rubagumya, Fidel, Mary Jue Xu, Leana May, et al. "Outcomes of Low-Intensity Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence in Rwanda." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009290.

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Purpose Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in low-income countries have disproportionately lower cure rates than those in high-income countries. At Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE), physicians treated patients with ALL with the first arm of the Hunger Protocol, a graduated-intensity method tailored for resource-limited settings. This article provides the first published outcomes, to our knowledge, of patients with ALL treated with this protocol. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients with ALL enrolled at BCCOE from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2014; d

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Murthy, Jayabalan. "HIV & AIDS in Africa: Implications and challenges for African Churches." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 9, no. 14 (2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v9i14.291.

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Este artigo apresenta a ideia geral sobre HIV & AIDS, explora como o estigma e discriminação degradam as condições de vida do PLWHA. O artigo apresenta também as implicações e desafios desta situação para as Igrejas Africanas. HIV & AIDS são frequentemente considerados como a punição de Deus de transgressões sexuais, ou até mesmo a forma que Deus usa para eliminar os elementos pecaminosos da sociedade. A sociedade considera os portadores de HIV & AIDS como pecadores por causa da doença, ou a doença os faz pecadores. Como fica, então, a situação de crianças e pessoas que não estão e

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Hoffman, Dennis M., Rocco F. Caruso, and Timothy Mirando. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Thrombocytopenia." DICP 23, no. 2 (1989): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808902300212.

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Thrombocytopenia has emerged as a major hematological manifestation associated with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. A study of homosexual patients with thrombocytopenia indicates 93 percent had serological evidence of HIV exposure whereas only 33 percent of homosexuals without thrombocytopenia exhibited this finding. Thrombocytopenia in patients with hemophilia has been identified as an increased risk factor for AIDS development and has been observed in about one-third of children with AIDS. The management of thrombocytopenia

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Saputri, Faradila Budi, Azizah Amimathul Firdha, Safira Rahma, Rieza Rizqy Alda, Syahwina Inayasari, and Nyilo Purnami. "CASE REPORT: UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION CONTRIBUTES TO WORSENING OF PRESBYCUS SYMPTOMS IN THE ELDERLY." Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research 1, no. 1 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jcmphr.v1i1.20298.

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Presbycusis is a disease that can befall the elderly, caused by a multifactorial process that should be allowed to disrupt communication and social life and cause mental disorders. According to WHO the proportion of the elderly population rises rapidly which is estimated in 2025, there are about 1,2 billion elderly people with a risk of presbycusis. Mr.S was 84 years old, married and had 2 children, complained of hearing loss since 10 years ago on the patient's left ear. The decline in hearing occurred gradually, giving the last 4 years after his wife's death. Patients was taken to Otorhinolar

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Sweetow, Robert W., Kristina W. Rosbe, Carey Philliposian, and Monica T. Miller. "Considerations for Cochlear Implantation of Children with Sudden, Fluctuating Hearing Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, no. 10 (2005): 770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.10.2.

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The histories of two pediatric patients who received cochlear implants with subsequent partial recovery of hearing in the nonimplanted ear are reviewed. One child had a sudden bilateral hearing loss, presumably secondary to autoimmune ear disease. The other child had a bilateral progressive hearing loss diagnosed as large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). The rationale for the timing of the surgical implantation is discussed. Retrospectively, recovery of hearing in the nonimplanted ear suggests the possibility that the implant could have been delayed or eliminated as a treatment option, and

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Hunter, Paul R., and Gordon Nichols. "Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Cryptosporidium Infection in Immunocompromised Patients." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 1 (2002): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.15.1.145-154.2002.

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SUMMARY Cryptosporidium spp. are a major cause of diarrheal disease in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. They also cause waterborne disease in both the United States and United Kingdom. Studies on the mechanisms of immunity to cryptosporidiosis indicate the importance of the T-cell response. The spectrum and severity of disease in immunocompromised individuals with cryptosporidiosis reflect this importance since the most severe disease is seen in individuals with defects in the T-cell response. The most commonly studied group is that of patients with AIDS. These patients su

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Jubulis, Jennifer, Amanda Goddard, Elizabeth Seiverling, Marc Kimball, and Carol A. McCarthy. "766. Everything Old is New Again-A Case Series of New World Leishmaniasis in African Children in Portland, Maine." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.956.

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Abstract Background Leishmaniasis has many clinical manifestations and treatment regimens, dependent on species and host. Old world leishmaniasis is found primarily in Africa and Asia, and is associated with visceral disease, while new world disease, seen primarily in Latin America, is more commonly mucocutaneous. We present a case series of pediatric African patients with New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (NWCL). Methods Data extraction was performed via chart review, analyzing travel history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in children with cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting

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Ahumada-Ruiz, Sara, Lizeth Taylor-Castillo, Kirsten Visoná, Ronald B. Luftig, and Libia Herrero-Uribe. "Determination of human cytomegalovirus genetic diversity in different patient populations in Costa Rica." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, no. 2 (2004): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000200006.

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Seroprevalence of HCMV in Costa Rica is greater than 95% in adults; primary infections occur early in life and is the most frequent congenital infection in newborns. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic variability and genotypes of HCMV gB gene in Costa Rica. Samples were collected from alcoholics, pregnant women, blood donors, AIDS patients, hematology-oncology (HO) children and HCMV isolates from neonates with cytomegalic inclusion disease. A semi-nested PCR system was used to obtain a product of 293-296 bp of the gB gene to be analyzed by Single Stranded Conformational

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Maniscalco, Valerio, Sarah Abu-Rumeileh, Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, et al. "The off-label use of anakinra in pediatric systemic autoinflammatory diseases." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 (January 2020): 1759720X2095957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x20959575.

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Interleukin 1 (IL-1), a central mediator of innate immunity, is considered a master cytokine of local and systemic inflammation. IL-1 has emerged as pivotal in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs), and blockade of its pathway has become a crucial target for therapy. Anakinra (ANA), a recombinant IL-1β receptor antagonist, was the first anti-IL-1 agent employed in clinical practice. ANA is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult-onset Still’s disease, and cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndrome. It has al

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Saad-Magalhães, C., A. Pistorio, A. Ravelli, et al. "Does removal of aids/devices and help make a difference in the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 69, no. 01 (2009): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.097592.

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Objective:To assess whether the removal of aids/devices and/or help from another person in the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C-HAQ) leads to a significant change in the disability index (DI) score and responsiveness in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods:Changes in the C-HAQ DI score in a cross-sectional sample of 2663 children with JIA and in 530 active patients with JIA in a trial of methotrexate (MTX) were compared.Results:Patients in the MTX trial had higher disease activity and disability than the cross-sectional sample. The frequency of aids/devices (range 1.2–10.2%)

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Andrushchak, М. О. "KIDNEY LESIONS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2018.2.9870.

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Introduction. HIV prevalence is one of the most important issues of contemporary medicine. Over a 30-year history of this disease more than 75 million people have been infected with HIV, nearly 30 million adults and children of died. In the future decades, its significance in world premature mortality rates continues to rise. The objective of the study was to establish clinical and laboratory features of kidney lesions in HIV infection. Methods. The study involved 292 HIV-infected patients, who were managed outpatiently at the Chernivtsi Regional AIDS Center. Taking into account the main

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Klotz, Stephen A., Hao Cong Nguyen, Tam Van Pham, Liem Thanh Nguyen, Dong Thi Anh Ngo, and Son Nhoc Vu. "Clinical features of HIV/AIDS patients presenting to an inner city clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 7 (2007): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781147265.

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An outpatient HIV clinic was opened in March 2005 in Binh Thanh District, a poor section of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Over 1500 patients were seen in the first year. The average age of patients was 27 years. Men represented 77% of the clinic population, women, 23% and children under the age of 16 years of age, 5% of the population. The most common risk factor among men was being an injecting drug user (IDU), 76%, and among women, being married to an IDU HIV-positive man, 35%. Physical signs of disease were uncommon: lymphadenopathy in 24% and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in 4% and 3%, respec

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Halperin, Scott A., and G. Robert La Roche. "Long Term Therapy of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis with Ganciclovir in a Child with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (1993): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/576891.

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Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most severe ophthalmological complication of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). Ganciclovir must be given continuously to control progression of the disease or relapse typically occurs. Data in children are limited; this report describes a nine-year-old boy with transfusion-acquiredaidswho was treated with ganciclovir for 23 months for control of cytomegalovirus retinitis. The retinal disease was exacerbated when ganciclovir was temporarily withheld because of presumed drug toxicity, and improved with re-institution of therapy. When ganci

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Pascau, María Jesús, Laura Pruneda, Ilaria de Barbieri, et al. "Social Resources for Transplanted Children and Families in European Union Hospitals of ERN TransplantChild." Children 8, no. 9 (2021): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090723.

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Social well-being is an intrinsic part of the current concept of health. In the context of chronic disease, there are many challenges we face in order to provide social well-being to patients and their families, even more if we talk about rare diseases. TransplantChild, a European Reference Network (ERN) in paediatric transplantation, works to improve the quality of life of transplanted children. It is not possible to improve the quality of life if the human and material resources are not available. With this study, we want to identify the economic aids, facilities, services, and financed prod

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Fadel, Shady, Zeyad Abdelaziz, Amr Abdel Kerim, Mahmoud Abbassy, Samer Samy, and Basma Elsaba. "EPEN-37. TREATMENT OUTCOME OF RECURRENT EPENDYMOMA IN CHILDREN IN NORTHERN EGYPT." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.172.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION 1/3 of Ependymoma patients will develop recurrence with only 25% are long term survivors. Treatment is usually between surgery, radiotherapy or combinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of children with recurrent Ependymoma in northwest of Egypt between 2005 and 2019 in Alexandria School of medicine records. RESULTS 27 patients were identified 19 of them after 2010. The median age is 9.7 years (1.5–19), with 16 males and 11 females. Pathology were 11 grade II Ependymoma and 16 anaplastic Ependymoma. 16 had gross residual disease after 1st surgery and 22 rece

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Schramm, W., and M. M. Schneider. "Ein Vierteljahrhundert psychosoziale Hämophilie-Beratung im Wandel der Zeit." Hämostaseologie 30, S 01 (2010): S19—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619061.

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SummaryWith the development of clotting-factors in the seventies the haemophilia patients were released from being handicapped and began to live a quite normal life. Thus, psychosocial counselling did not seem to be necessary. But the impact of HIV-infection to the world of haemophilia was so intense that professional help was offered at the Munich Hemophilia Centre since 1985.During the preceeding 25 years we talked to about 120 patients and relatives every year in more than 10 000 psychotherapeutic talks. 70 of our patients were HIV-infected. For about half of them we took care until they di

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Dayie, Nicholas TKD, Michael Baffuor-Asare, Appiah-Korang Labi, et al. "Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Carriage among HIV-Infected Individuals in the Conjugate Vaccine Era: A Study in Southern Ghana." BioMed Research International 2019 (February 13, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3427174.

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Carriage of pneumococcus is considered as the precursor for development of pneumococcal disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, very little research has been done on the pneumococcus in relation to people with HIV infection in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. This study investigated pneumococcal carriage among HIV/AIDS patients in southern Ghana to determine the prevalence, risk factors, serotypes and antibiotic resistance of the organism. This was a cross sectional study involving 245 HIV/AIDS patients recruited from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and Princess Marie Louis Hospital in Accra fro

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Bouchard, Sylvie, Gaelle Gernigon, Fatiha Karam, et al. "PP121 How To Involve Patients In Decisions About Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Tick Bite." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231900240x.

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IntroductionAntibiotic prophylaxis with a single dose of doxycycline after a tick bite is one of the tools for preventing Lyme disease, which is becoming increasingly prevalent in Quebec. The aim of this work was to revisit this practice in adults and children younger than 8 years of age.MethodsTo assess the safety and absolute risk reduction (ARR) of doxycycline for preventing Lyme disease in contraindicated populations, two systematic reviews were conducted with a re-analysis of the original efficacy data. A knowledge mobilization framework was used to consider the scientific, contextual, an

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Chang, Kay W., and Nina Chinosornvatana. "Practical Grading System for Evaluating Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Children." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 10 (2010): 1788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.24.4228.

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Purpose We present a new ototoxicity grading system that has clearly defined and frequency-specific audiometric criteria. The purpose of this study was to validate this grading system by assessing its correspondence to audiology treatment recommendations and comparing it with the currently utilized Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Patients and Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted using audiologic, demographic, and clinical data from 134 children receiving 149 courses of chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and/or carboplatin. Pure-tone audiograms were evalu

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Aliyu, Zakari Y., Sachdev Vandana, Aisha I. Mamman, et al. "Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults and Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics and Role of Endemic Tropical Infections." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3793.3793.

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Abstract Pulmonary hypertension has a prevalence of 30% in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States with mortality rates of 40% at 40 months after diagnosis. The global burden of SCD is highest in sub-Saharan Africa where more than 200,000 children are born with the disease annually. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among individuals with SCD in Africa has not been previously reported. We performed Doppler echocardiographic assessments of pulmonary-artery systolic pressure in 206 consecutive hydroxyurea sickle cell patients at steady state in Nigeria, West Africa (1

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Saubolle, M. A., T. E. Kiehn, M. H. White, M. F. Rudinsky, and D. Armstrong. "Mycobacterium haemophilum: microbiology and expanding clinical and geographic spectra of disease in humans." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (1996): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.435.

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Reports of the association of Mycobacterium haemophilum with disease in humans have greatly increased. At least 64 cases have now been reported, with symptoms ranging from focal lesions to widespread, systemic disease. The organism is now known to cause primarily cutaneous and subcutaneous infection, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and pneumonitis in patients who are immunologically compromised and lymphadenitis in apparently immunocompetent children. Underlying conditions in the compromised patients have included AIDS; renal, bone marrow, and cardiac transplantation; lymphoma; rheumatoid art

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Parmar, Katrin, Brenda Banwell, Nadine Akbar, and Sandra Bigi. "Imaging Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis—Challenges and Recent Advances." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 03 (2018): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635123.

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AbstractPediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.07 to 2.9/100'000 children per year. It follows a relapsing–remitting disease course and is characterized by rapid accrual of inflammatory lesions, high relapse frequency, and early cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of POMS, and in the exclusion of other disorders mimicking POMS. Furthermore, MRI aids in disease monitoring, and in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in both clinical practice and clinical trials. Volumetric MRI studies, diffusi

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Ma, Ning, Min Liu, Min Zheng, et al. "Estimation and Projection of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Treatment Demand in Beijing and Hunan Province with Spectrum." Infection International 2, no. 1 (2013): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0035.

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Abstract Objective To estimate the HIV/AIDS epidemic and treatment demand and predict the situation in the next five years with Spectrum. Methods Using Spectrum (version:3.54) to estimate the number of new HIV infections, number of people living with HIV, need for ART in adults and children, need for PMTCT and cotrimoxazole in Beijing and Hunan Province. Data used in the model including high-risk populations monitoring data and demographic information, was collected from Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention and extracted from statis

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Cole, Bonnie L., Christina M. Lockwood, Shannon Stasi, et al. "Year 1 in the Molecular Era of Pediatric Brain Tumor Diagnosis: Application of Universal Clinical Targeted Sequencing in an Unselected Cohort of Children." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 2 (November 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.17.00151.

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Purpose Next-generation sequencing is gaining acceptance as a clinical tool to aid diagnosis and guide treatment of pediatric cancer. Prior pilot studies have evaluated the feasibility and utility of clinical genomic profiling in a subset of selected patients with brain tumors. Here, we report an unselected prospective cohort study to evaluate the clinical use of universal targeted sequencing in pediatric patients with brain tumors. Methods We applied a universal sequencing protocol for all tumors of the CNS undergoing diagnostic workup at Seattle Children’s Hospital during the study period of

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Mihiretie, Hylemariam, Bineyam Taye, and Aster Tsegaye. "Magnitude of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pediatric HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Anemia 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/479329.

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Background. Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent prognostic marker of HIV disease. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pediatric HIV/AIDS patients attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH) ART Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric HIV/AIDS patients of Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH) between August 05, 2013, and November 25, 2013. A total of 180 children were selected consecutively. Stool specimen was collected and processed. A st

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Gahan, Ajaya Kumar, Jyoti Ranjan Champatiray, and Saroj Kumar Satpathy. "Study of tuberculosis in HIV positive children in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 4 (2017): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20172669.

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Background: Tuberculosis and HIV have been closely linked since the emergence of AIDS. Worldwide, TB is the most common opportunistic infection affecting HIV seropositive individuals and it remains the most common cause of death in patients with AIDS. HIV infection has contributed to a significant increase in the worldwide incidence of TB. So, an attempt was made in the present study to know the magnitude/extent of tuberculosis, associated clinical patterns, epidemiological factors and outcomes in HIV positive children attending the ART Centre of SCB medical college and hospital, Cuttack.Metho

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Andrew Kiboneka. "The evolving burden of asthma and contemporary advances in management: Implications for clinical practice in Southern Africa." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (2020): 059–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0315.

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Asthma is a rising significant global public health burden especially in the developing countries. The annual prevalence of severe asthma episodes is estimated from 1% to 21% for adults and over 20% for children aged 6–7 years. The prevalence of asthma varies widely around the world, ranging from 0.2% to 21.0% in adults and from 2.8% to 37.6% in 6- to 7-year-old children. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) reports a significant increase in the global prevalence of asthmatic episodes among children. t was estimated that more than 339 million people had Asthma gl

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Bessoff, Kovi, Adam Sateriale, K. Kyungae Lee, and Christopher D. Huston. "Drug Repurposing Screen Reveals FDA-Approved Inhibitors of Human HMG-CoA Reductase and Isoprenoid Synthesis That Block Cryptosporidium parvum Growth." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 4 (2013): 1804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02460-12.

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ABSTRACTCryptosporidiosis, a diarrheal disease usually caused byCryptosporidium parvumorCryptosporidium hominisin humans, can result in fulminant diarrhea and death in AIDS patients and chronic infection and stunting in children. Nitazoxanide, the current standard of care, has limited efficacy in children and is no more effective than placebo in patients with advanced AIDS. Unfortunately, the lack of financial incentives and the technical difficulties associated with working withCryptosporidiumparasites have crippled efforts to develop effective treatments. In order to address these obstacles,

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Tarshish, P., J. N. Tobin, J. Bernstein, and C. M. Edelmann. "Prognostic significance of the early course of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 8, no. 5 (1997): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v85769.

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The ability to predict the course in children with newly diagnosed minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) may have significant therapeutic implications. Previous attempts based on data available at disease onset have not been successful. Therefore, it was investigated whether characterization of the initial response to adrenocortical steroids and the course during the early months of disease are predictive of the subsequent outcome. Three hundred-eighty-nine children with MCNS, diagnosed at onset, were treated with standard prednisone regimens and monitored for up to 17 yr (mean, 9.4 yr). Th

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Odwee, Ambrose, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Christine Amongi Acup, et al. "Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.17.

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Background: Malnutrition is an important clinical outcome amongst HIV patients in developing countries and in Uganda, there is scarcity of information on its prevalence and risk factors amongst HIV adult patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study amongst 253 HIV patients in Bushenyi district assessed their nutritional status using the body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a questionnaire was used to identify major risk factors. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38.74 ± 0.80 yrs, while females and males were 52.2% and 47.8% respectively.

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Anjullo, Belay Belete, and Derbachew Asfaw Teni. "Linear Mixed Modeling of CD4 Cell Counts of HIV-Infected Children Treated with Antiretroviral Therapy." Advances in Public Health 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835485.

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Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major health problem in the world, and failure to implement prevention programs results in an increased number of infections among newborns. The goal of this study was to investigate the evolution and determinants of cluster of differentiation four (CD4) cell count among HIV-infected children who were under antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. We follow up a cohort of 201 children aged under fifteen years from October 2013 to March 2017 at Adama Hospital in Ethiopia. To get insight into the data, exploratory data analysis was performed on t

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Kaushal, Suneel Kumar, and Sonal Dhaked. "Association of socio-demographic characteristics with knowledge and perception about disease among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in western Utter Pradesh: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (2021): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213564.

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Background: TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The risk of TB is high among populations living in poverty, low socioeconomic groups, low income, immune-suppressed (including AIDS), and extreme age (old age and children) groups, etc. Methods: The study was conducted in TB and chest department of Sarojini Naidu medical college Agra city. The total number of patients registered during the period of July to September 2017 was 518; out of these 288 were new pulmonary and extrapulmonary patients. Out of 288 subjects, 123 were pulmonary patients. All the 123 new pulmonary tuberculosis

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Centeville, Maraisa, André Moreno Morcillo, Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho, Marcos Tadeu Nolasco da Silva, Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro, and Maria Marluce dos Santos Vilela. "Lack of association between nutritional status and change in clinical category among HIV-infected children in Brazil." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 123, no. 2 (2005): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802005000200006.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is common among HIV-infected children. Our objective was to study the occurrence of malnutrition and its relationship with changes in clinical category among HIV-infected children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study, at the Pediatrics Department and Pediatrics Investigation Center (CIPED), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: We reviewed the hospital records of 127 vertically HIV-infected children. Anthropometric measurements were obtained at the beginning of follow-up, at clinical category change and fiv

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Machado, Julia K. C., Maria J. C. Sant'Anna, Veronica Coates, Flavia J. Almeida, Eitan N. Berezin, and Hatim A. Omar. "Brazilian Adolescents Infected by HIV: Epidemiologic Characteristics and Adherence to Treatment." Scientific World JOURNAL 9 (2009): 1273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.136.

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Over the last 3 decades since the first AIDS cases appeared, we have witnessed great progress in therapeutic methodologies that have transformed the evolution of the disease from debilitating and fatal, into chronic and controllable. HIV-infected children are arriving at adolescence and bringing specific challenges, not only to themselves, but also to their families and caregivers. This retrospective study sets forth epidemiological and treatment characteristics of 46 HIV-infected adolescents followed in a specialized university service relating said characteristics to therapy adherence assess

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Paudyal, Sushil, Swoyam Prakash Shrestha, and Narsingh Mahato. "Zoonotic aspects of cryptosporidiosis in Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i2.7959.

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Cryptosporidiosis is a common protozoal cause of diarrhea in humans and animals in Nepal, acquired by ingestion of oocysts that were excreted in the feces of infected individuals. Contaminated water represents the major source of Cryptosporidium infections for humans and can be transmitted from person-to-person, from animal-to-person, animal-to-animal, by ingestion of contaminated water and food or by contact with contaminated surfaces. Being highly resistant to environmental and chemical processes and representing the only group of pathogen surviving chlorination, it has no effective chemothe

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Price, D. A. "Classification of growth hormone idiopathic insufficiency: Clinical features and efficacy of therapy with growth hormone." Problems of Endocrinology 39, no. 5 (1993): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11998.

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In 3,226 patients with idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency included in the KIGS study, a comparative analysis of epidemiological factors and the effectiveness of treatment with recombinant GH depending on the presence or absence of birth trauma was performed. The relative frequency of gluteal presentation, instrumental AIDS in childbirth, reduced Apgar score, neonatal hypoglycemia and occurrence of microfallos was higher in the group with birth trauma, which was manifested later by more severe hypopituitarism and earlier manifestations of the disease. Both groups had almost the same reac

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Salama, Mohamed E., David M. Parham, Sherrie L. Perkins, David W. Bahler, and Dale A. Ellison. "Fatal Non-Transplant-Related Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Atypical Lymphoid Proliferations in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Study." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 11, no. 6 (2008): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/07-12-0386.1.

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Most Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–related infections in infants and children are asymptomatic or self-limited mild viral illnesses, but rare cases of a rapidly fatal disorder have been described. Failure of the cellular response to control EBV-related lymphoid proliferation leads to severe disease with multiple complications, including a fatal outcome or development of an EBV-driven, clonal lymphoid neoplasm. In this report we characterize 3 cases of fatal, nontransplant, or immunodeficiency-related EBV infection in very young children with immunophenotypic and molecular evidence of B/natural kill

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