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Journal articles on the topic 'Airway (Medicine)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Ghosh, Sohini, Allen Cole Burks, and Jason A. Akulian. "Customizable airway stents—personalized medicine reaches the airways." Journal of Thoracic Disease 11, S9 (May 2019): S1129—S1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.03.100.

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2

Pimenta de Paula, Fernando, Ariele Patrícia da Silva, and Luciano Alves Matias da Silveira. "Knowledge about airway approach in medicine academics." Journal of Anesthesia & Critical Care: Open Access 13, no. 4 (July 26, 2021): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jaccoa.2021.13.00485.

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Introduction: The approach to the airways is a common practice in medical life, being a delicate situation susceptible to complications, which requires skill. The objective of this work is to analyze the profile of airway instruction of students in the sixth year of medicine at a Federal University. Methods: Students answered an airway questionnaire. Theoretical knowledge about airway predictors, such as Mallampati and Cormack-Lehane classification, practices and mastery in orotracheal intubation, and use and knowledge of auxiliary devices for airway management were addressed. Answers were cod

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Klučka, Jozef, Petr Štourač, Roman Štoudek, Michaela Ťoukálková, Hana Harazim, and Martina Kosinová. "Controversies in Pediatric Perioperative Airways." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/368761.

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Pediatric airway management is a challenge in routine anesthesia practice. Any airway-related complication due to improper procedure can have catastrophic consequences in pediatric patients. The authors reviewed the current relevant literature using the following data bases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline (OVID SP), and Dynamed, and the following keywords: Airway/s, Children, Pediatric, Difficult Airways, and Controversies. From a summary of the data, we identified several controversies: difficult airway prediction, difficult airway management, cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes for se

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Russell, Richard J., and Christopher Brightling. "Pathogenesis of asthma: implications for precision medicine." Clinical Science 131, no. 14 (June 30, 2017): 1723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20160253.

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The pathogenesis of asthma is complex and multi-faceted. Asthma patients have a diverse range of underlying dominant disease processes and pathways despite apparent similarities in clinical expression. Here, we present the current understanding of asthma pathogenesis. We discuss airway inflammation (both T2HIGH and T2LOW), airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airways remodelling as four key factors in asthma pathogenesis, and also outline other contributory factors such as genetics and co-morbidities. Response to current asthma therapies also varies greatly, which is probably related to the in

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Asako, Mikiya. "Airway Medicine & biologics for global airway disease." Nihon Bika Gakkai Kaishi (Japanese Journal of Rhinology) 62, no. 1 (2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.7248/jjrhi.62.195.

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Sorkness, Ronald L., Kathryn M. Herricks, Renee J. Szakaly, Robert F. Lemanske, and Louis A. Rosenthal. "Altered allergen-induced eosinophil trafficking and physiological dysfunction in airways with preexisting virus-induced injury." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, no. 1 (January 2007): L85—L91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00234.2006.

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Although both asthmatics and allergic rhinitics develop an acute inflammatory response to lower airway allergen challenge, only asthmatics experience airway obstruction resulting from chronic environmental allergen exposure. Hypothesizing that asthmatic airways have an altered response to chronic allergic inflammation, we compared the effects of repeated low-level exposures to inhaled Alternaria extract in sensitized rats with preexisting chronic postbronchiolitis airway dysfunction versus sensitized controls with normal airways. Measurements of air space (bronchoalveolar lavage) inflammatory

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McKune, AJ, and LL Smith. "Airways inflammatory and atopy-related responses in athletes." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18, no. 2 (February 3, 2009): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v18i2a243.

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The prevalence of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in highly trained endurance athletes is rising. The type of training (i.e. endurance, or speed and power) seems to influence the airway symptoms. High-intensity exercise and training might contribute to the development of asthma or AHR in athletes previously unaffected by these airway disorders. Repeated hyperventilation of unconditioned air, as well as air containing irritants and/or allergens has been suggested to cause thermal, mechanical, or osmotic airway trauma resulting in damage to the airway epithelium. Subsequent airway in

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McKune, AJ, and LL Smith. "Airways inflammatory and atopy-related responses in athletes." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18, no. 2 (February 3, 2006): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2006/v18i2a243.

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The prevalence of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in highly trained endurance athletes is rising. The type of training (i.e. endurance, or speed and power) seems to influence the airway symptoms. High-intensity exercise and training might contribute to the development of asthma or AHR in athletes previously unaffected by these airway disorders. Repeated hyperventilation of unconditioned air, as well as air containing irritants and/or allergens has been suggested to cause thermal, mechanical, or osmotic airway trauma resulting in damage to the airway epithelium. Subsequent airway in

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9

Tanabe, Naoya, Kaoruko Shimizu, Kunihiko Terada, Susumu Sato, Masaru Suzuki, Hiroshi Shima, Akira Oguma, et al. "Central airway and peripheral lung structures in airway disease-dominant COPD." ERJ Open Research 7, no. 1 (January 2021): 00672–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00672-2020.

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The concept that the small airway is a primary pathological site for all COPD phenotypes has been challenged by recent findings that the disease starts from the central airways in COPD subgroups and that a smaller central airway tree increases COPD risk. This study aimed to examine whether the computed tomography (CT)-based airway disease-dominant (AD) subtype, defined using the central airway dimension, was less associated with small airway dysfunction (SAD) on CT, compared to the emphysema-dominant (ED) subtype.COPD patients were categorised into mild, AD, ED and mixed groups based on wall a

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10

Rosenberg, M. B., J. C. Phero, and D. E. Becker. "Essentials of Airway Management, Oxygenation, and Ventilation: Part 2: Advanced Airway Devices: Supraglottic Airways." Anesthesia Progress 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-61.3.113.

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Abstract Offices and outpatient dental facilities must be properly equipped with devices for airway management, oxygenation, and ventilation. Part 1 in this series on emergency airway management focused on basic and fundamental considerations for supplying supplemental oxygen to the spontaneously breathing patient and utilizing a bag-valve-mask system including nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways to deliver oxygen under positive pressure to the apneic patient. This article will review the evolution and use of advanced airway devices, specifically supraglottic airways, with the emphasis on

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Kim, Ki-Suk, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Hea Jung Yang, Eun-Kyeong Choi, Min Hee Shin, Kang-Hoon Kim, Kwang Seok Ahn, et al. "Effects of the Inhaled Treatment of Liriope Radix on an Asthmatic Mouse Model." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43, no. 03 (January 2015): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x15500275.

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As a treatment for allergic asthma, inhaled treatments such as bronchodilators that contain β2-agonists have an immediate effect, which attenuates airway obstructions and decreases airway hypersensitivity. However, bronchodilators only perform on a one off basis, but not consistently. Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways accompanying the overproduction of mucus, airway wall remodeling, bronchial hyperreactivity and airway obstruction. Liriope platyphylla radix extract (LPP), a traditional Korean medicine, has been thoroughly studied and found to be an effective an

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Chen, Yujuan, Yanlu Gao, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, and Wei Gao. "Effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Dilong on Airway Remodeling in Rats with OVA-induced-Asthma." Open Life Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2016-0064.

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AbstractThe present study focuses on the effects and suggests possible mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine Dilong as compared to dexamethasone on lower respiratory tract remodeling in rats with asthma. The number of leukocytes and eosinophils in blood from the inferior vena cava and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. Lung tissues underwent hematoxylin and eosin staining. The thickness of the basement membrane and smooth muscle or the airways, and the ratio of inner to outer diameter of the airway wall were measured. Levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), ma

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Bai, Yan, and Michael J. Sanderson. "The contribution of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitivity to the regulation of airway smooth muscle contraction is different in rats and mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 296, no. 6 (June 2009): L947—L958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.90288.2008.

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To determine the relative contributions of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitivity to the contractility of airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we compared the contractile responses of mouse and rat airways with the lung slice technique. Airway contraction was measured by monitoring changes in airway lumen area with phase-contrast microscopy, whereas changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of the SMCs were recorded with laser scanning microscopy. In mice and rats, methacholine (MCh) or serotonin induced concentration-dependent airway contraction and Ca2+ oscillations in the SMCs. Ho

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Steel, Alistair, Charlotte Haldane, and Dan Cody. "Impact of videolaryngoscopy introduction into prehospital emergency medicine practice: a quality improvement project." Emergency Medicine Journal 38, no. 7 (February 15, 2021): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-209944.

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IntroductionAdvanced airway management is necessary in the prehospital environment and difficult airways occur more commonly in this setting. Failed intubation is closely associated with the most devastating complications of airway management. In an attempt to improve the safety and success of tracheal intubation, we implemented videolaryngoscopy (VL) as our first-line device for tracheal intubation within a UK prehospital emergency medicine (PHEM) setting.MethodsAn East of England physician–paramedic PHEM team adopted VL as first line for undertaking all prehospital advanced airway management

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15

Riley, R. H., T. Strang, and S. Rao. "Survey of Airway Skills of Surgeons in Western Australia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700406.

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Our objective was to survey all consultant surgeons, including obstetricians/gynaecologists, in the State of Western Australia to assess their experience with, and readiness to assist anaesthetists with a difficult or failed airway. Survey questionnaires were mailed to all surgeons registered in Western Australia (n=445). A total of 238 responses (53%) were received, mostly from general surgeons, obstetrician/gynaecologists and orthopaedic surgeons. Forty percent had provided non-surgical assistance with a difficult airway and 60% had assisted with a surgical airway. All ear, nose and throat s

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Shahi, Niti, Ryan Phillips, Maxene Meier, Theresa Grover, Henry Galan, Michael Zaretsky, Mariana Meyers, Peggy Kelley, and Ahmed I. Marwan. "Outcomes of Airway Management in Micrognathia and Retrognathia Patients Born at Fetal versus Nonfetal Centers." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 47, no. 12 (2020): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510856.

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<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> There is a paucity of evidence to guide the perinatal management of difficult airways in fetuses with micrognathia. We aimed to (1) develop a postnatal grading system based on the extent of airway intervention required at birth to assess the severity of micrognathic airways and (2) compare trends in airway management and outcomes by location of birth [nonfetal center (NFC), defined as a hospital with or without an NICU and no fetal team, versus fetal center (FC), defined as a hospital with an NICU and fetal team]. <b><i>Methods:<

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17

Henry, Peter J., Tracy S. Mann, Angela C. D'Aprile, Glenn J. Self, and Roy G. Goldie. "An endothelin receptor antagonist, SB-217242, inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): L1072—L1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00076.2002.

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Within the airways, endothelin-1 (ET-1) can exert a range of prominent effects, including airway smooth muscle contraction, bronchial obstruction, airway wall edema, and airway remodeling. ET-1 also possesses proinflammatory properties and contributes to the late-phase response in allergic airways. However, there is no direct evidence for the contribution of endogenous ET-1 to airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic airways. Allergic inflammation induced in mice by sensitization and challenge with the house dust mite allergen Der P1 was associated with elevated levels of ET-1 within the lung, i

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18

Waindeskar, Vaishali, Sri Rama Ananta Nagabhushanam Padala, Shikha Jain, Molli Kiran, Pranita Mandal, and Abhijit P. Pakhare. "Prediction of the difficult airway by pre-operative ultrasound-based measurement of airway parameters: A prospective observational study." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 67, no. 9 (September 2023): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_464_23.

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ABSTRACT Background and Aims: Ultrasonography has emerged as a new airway assessment tool. However, its role in predicting difficult airways needs to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative ultrasound assessment of the neck in predicting difficult airways in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Methods: One hundred and fourteen adult patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were enrolled in this study. In the pre-operative room, upper airway ultrasound measurements of the neck were obtained, namely, distance fro

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Brown, Robert, William Wizeman, Christopher Danek, and Wayne Mitzner. "Effect of Bronchial Thermoplasty on Airway Closure." Clinical medicine. Circulatory, respiratory and pulmonary medicine 1 (January 2007): CCRPM.S365. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ccrpm.s365.

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Background Bronchial Thermoplasty, a procedure that applies thermal energy to the airway wall has been shown to impair the ability of airway to contract in response to methacholine chloride (Mch). The technique has been advocated as an alternative treatment for asthma that may permanently limit airway narrowing. In previous experimental studies in dogs and humans, it was shown that those airways treated with bronchial thermoplasty had significant impairment of Mch responsiveness. Methods In the present study, we investigated the ability of canine airways to close completely with very high conc

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Martin, J. G., A. Opazo-Saez, T. Du, R. Tepper, and D. H. Eidelman. "In vivo airway reactivity: predictive value of morphological estimates of airway smooth muscle." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-076.

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Airway responsiveness to methacholine and other bronchoconstrictors is highly variable within and among species. The aim of the experiments in this report was to evaluate the importance of the quantity of airway smooth muscle as a determinant of intra- and inter-species variability in airway responsiveness. To do this we established concentration–response curves to methacholine in a sample of normal guinea pigs as well as in rat, rabbit, and dog. After challenge we excised the lungs for the quantitation of smooth muscle by morphometry. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital and mechanica

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Chen, Oliver G., Steven E. Mather, Christian M. Brommel, Bradley A. Hamilton, Annie Ehler, Raul Villacreses, Reda E. Girgis, et al. "Transduction of Pig Small Airway Epithelial Cells and Distal Lung Progenitor Cells by AAV4." Cells 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051014.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by genetic mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to disrupted transport of Cl− and bicarbonate and CF lung disease featuring bacterial colonization and chronic infection in conducting airways. CF pigs engineered by mutating CFTR develop lung disease that mimics human CF, and are well-suited for investigating CF lung disease therapeutics. Clinical data suggest small airways play a key role in the early pathogenesis of CF lung disease, but few preclinical studies have focused on small airways. Efficient targeted delivery of CFTR cD

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Komasawa, Nobuyasu. "Advancing airway management for enhanced patient outcomes: a narrative review." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 28, no. 1 (March 2, 2024): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v28i1.2391.

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Airway management evidence has primarily been gathered within the operating room, particularly during the induction of anesthesia. The introduction of newly developed supraglottic devices and videolaryngoscopes have significantly impacted the guidelines for managing difficult airways, prompting the need for new evaluation criteria. Moreover, airway complications such as accidental extubation may occur during surgery, while aspiration or respiratory suppression can manifest during the recovery period following extubation. In this review, I will explore the potential future standards for airway

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Li, Xiaopeng, Xiao Xiao Tang, Luis G. Vargas Buonfiglio, Alejandro P. Comellas, Ian M. Thornell, Shyam Ramachandran, Philip H. Karp, et al. "Electrolyte transport properties in distal small airways from cystic fibrosis pigs with implications for host defense." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 310, no. 7 (April 1, 2016): L670—L679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00422.2015.

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While pathological and clinical data suggest that small airways are involved in early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease development, little is known about how the lack of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function contributes to disease pathogenesis in these small airways. Large and small airway epithelia are exposed to different airflow velocities, temperatures, humidity, and CO2 concentrations. The cellular composition of these two regions is different, and small airways lack submucosal glands. To better understand the ion transport properties and impacts of lack of

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Everaerts, Stephanie, John E. McDonough, Stijn E. Verleden, Iván Josipovic, Matthieu Boone, Adriana Dubbeldam, Carolien Mathyssen, et al. "Airway morphometry in COPD with bronchiectasis: a view on all airway generations." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 5 (August 29, 2019): 1802166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02166-2018.

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The pathophysiological processes underlying bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not understood. In COPD, both small and large airways are progressively lost. It is currently not known to what extent the different airway generations of patients with COPD and bronchiectasis are involved.COPD explant lungs with bronchiectasis were compared to COPD explant lungs without bronchiectasis and unused donor lungs as controls. In order to investigate all airway generations, a multimodal imaging approach using different resolutions was conducted. Per group, five lungs were f

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BAI, Tony R., and Darryl A. KNIGHT. "Structural changes in the airways in asthma: observations and consequences." Clinical Science 108, no. 6 (May 24, 2005): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20040342.

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Structural changes reported in the airways of asthmatics include epithelial fragility, goblet cell hyperplasia, enlarged submucosal mucus glands, angiogenesis, increased matrix deposition in the airway wall, increased airway smooth muscle mass, wall thickening and abnormalities in elastin. Genetic influences, as well as fetal and early life exposures, may contribute to structural changes such as subepithelial fibrosis from an early age. Other structural alterations are related to duration of disease and/or long-term uncontrolled inflammation. The increase in smooth muscle mass in both large an

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Upadhyay, Kirti, Nitu Nigam, Surbhi Gupta, Surya Kant Tripathi, Amita Jain, and Bipin Puri. "Current and future therapeutic approaches of CFTR and airway dysbiosis in an era of personalized medicine." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 6 (June 2024): 2200–2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1085_23.

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ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. This leads to a defective protein that impairs chloride transport, resulting in thick mucus buildup and chronic inflammation in the airways. The review discusses current and future therapeutic approaches for CFTR dysfunction and airway dysbiosis in the era of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine has revolutionized CF treatment with the advent of CFTR modulator therapies that target specific genetic mutations. These therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes, slowing di

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Nair, P. M. C., and Anagha Padmarajan. "Acute neonatal airway management - The role of laryngeal mask airway." Indian Journal of Child Health 8, no. 10 (November 11, 2021): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i10.3094.

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Positive pressure ventilation with Ambu bag and face masks or T-piece resuscitation in preterm babies have proved their worth in acute neonatal airway management. However, failure rates are high and endotracheal intubation is the final life-saving procedure. However, intubation is an invasive procedure and requires good expertise, especially for handling acute emergency situations. Expertise of trainees as well as consultants is coming down rapidly due to various reasons. In these situations, supraglottic airways (laryngeal mask airway or LMA) seem to be ideal. Here, we are reviewing the appli

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Kirby, K., J. Brandling, M. Robinson, S. Voss, and J. Benger. "PP27 An exploration of the experiences of paramedics taking part in a large randomised trial of airway management, and the impact on their views and practice." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): e12.1-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-999abs.27.

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BackgroundThe participation of over 1500 study paramedics in AIRWAYS-2 provides a unique opportunity for an in depth exploration of how the views and practice of study paramedics, in advanced airway management, may have developed as a result of their participation in AIRWAYS-2, and how their experiences can inform future trials in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Future prehospital guidelines and practice will not only be shaped by the results of large trials such as AIRWAYS-2, but also by the views and attitudes of UK paramedics towards OHCA, airway management and research. This study a

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Verleden, Stijn E., Arno Vanstapel, Laurens De Sadeleer, Birgit Weynand, Matthieu Boone, Erik Verbeken, Davide Piloni, et al. "Quantitative analysis of airway obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 1901965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01965-2019.

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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, cystic lung disease with progressive pulmonary function loss caused by progressively proliferating LAM cells. The degree of airway obstruction has not been well investigated within the pathogenesis of LAM.Using a combination of ex vivo computed tomography (CT), microCT and histology, the site and nature of airway obstruction in LAM explant lungs was compared with matched control lungs (n=5 each). The total number of airways per generation, total airway counts, terminal bronchioles number and surface density were compared in LAM versus control.Ex vivo C

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Shah, Said Ahmad, Hajime Ishinaga, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi. "Distinct Secretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B in Upper and Lower Chronic Airway Diseases." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (January 25, 2022): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8060.

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The human airway is protected by a defensive mucus barrier. The most prominent components of mucus are the mucin glycoproteins MUC5AC and MUC5B. They are produced by goblet cells and submucosal gland cells in the upper and lower airways. Hyperplasia of these cells and hypersecretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B characterize chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways. Recent studies have revealed that MUC5AC and MUC5B are expressed at specific sites in the respiratory tract through different molecular mechanisms and have distinct functions. Morphometric and histochemical studies have a

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Kodali, Bhavani-Shankar, Sobhana Chandrasekhar, Linda N. Bulich, George P. Topulos, and Sanjay Datta. "Airway Changes during Labor and Delivery." Anesthesiology 108, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31816452d3.

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Background There are no prospective studies that evaluated airway changes during labor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate airway changes in women undergoing labor and delivery. Methods Two studies were undertaken to evaluate airway changes during labor. The first study used the conventional Samsoon modification of the Mallampati airway class. The airway was photographed at the onset and the end of labor. Women with class 4 airways were excluded from initial participation. In the second study, upper airway volumes were measured using acoustic reflectometry at the onset and the conclusio

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Saez, Anabelle M. Opazo, R. Robert Schellenberg, Mara S. Ludwig, Richard A. Meiss, and Peter D. Paré. "Tissue elastance influences airway smooth muscle shortening: comparison of mechanical properties among different species." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-112.

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We have observed striking differences in the mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle preparations among different species. In this study, we provide a novel analysis on the influence of tissue elastance on smooth muscle shortening using previously published data from our laboratory. We have found that isolated human airways exhibit substantial passive tension in contrast to airways from the dog and pig, which exhibit little passive tension (<5% of maximal active force versus ~60% for human bronchi). In the dog and pig, airway preparations shorten up to 70% from Lmax (the length at whi

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Zhang, Yaping, Lars Edvinsson, and Cang-Bao Xu. "Up-Regulation of Endothelin Receptors Induced by Cigarette Smoke — Involvement of MAPK in Vascular and Airway Hyper-Reactivity." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 2157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.204.

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Cigarette smoke exposure is well known to cause cardiovascular and airway diseases, both of which are leading causes of death and disability in the world. However, the molecular mechanisms that link cigarette smoke to cardiovascular and airway diseases are not fully understood. Vascular and airway hyper-reactivity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and airway diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that endothelin receptor up-regulation mediates vascular and airway hyper-reactivity in response to endothelin-1 (ET-1, endothelin receptor agonist) in cardiovascular a

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Haccuria, Amaryllis, Alain Van Muylem, Andrei Malinovschi, Vi Doan, and Alain Michils. "Small airways dysfunction: the link between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 2 (February 2018): 1701749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01749-2017.

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Abnormal airway reactivity and overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) occurring in small airways have been found in asthma. If the “one airway, one disease” concept is consistent, such dysfunctions should also be detected in the peripheral airways of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.We investigated whether peripheral airway reactivity and NO overproduction could be documented in distal airways in patients with allergic rhinitis. Exhaled NO fraction (FeNO) and the slope (S) of phase III of the single-breath washout test (SBWT) of helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were measured in

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Martens, Katleen, Brecht Steelant, and Dominique M. A. Bullens. "Taste Receptors: The Gatekeepers of the Airway Epithelium." Cells 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112889.

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Taste receptors are well known for their role in the sensation of taste. Surprisingly, the expression and involvement of taste receptors in chemosensory processes outside the tongue have been recently identified in many organs including the airways. Currently, a clear understanding of the airway-specific function of these receptors and the endogenous activating/inhibitory ligands is lagging. The focus of this review is on recent physiological and clinical data describing the taste receptors in the airways and their activation by secreted bacterial compounds. Taste receptors in the airways are

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Castillo-Monzón, Caridad G., Tomasz Gaszyński, Hugo A. Marroquín-Valz, Javier Orozco-Montes, and Pawel Ratajczyk. "Supraglottic Airway Devices with Vision Guided Systems: Third Generation of Supraglottic Airway Devices." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 5197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165197.

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Supraglottic airway devices are currently widely used for airway management both for anaesthesia and emergency medicine. First-generation SADs only had a ventilation channel and did not provide protection from possible aspiration of gastric content if regurgitation occurred. Second-generation SADs are equipped with a gastric channel to allow the insertion of a gastric catheter and suctioning of gastric content. Additionally, the seal was improved by a change in the shape of the cuff. Some second-generation SADs were also designed to allow for intubation through the lumen using fiberscopes. Alt

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Fernando, S. M., S. White, and E. S. Kwok. "MP021: Contributing factors and time delays in management of difficult airways in the emergency department - a retrospective analysis." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.162.

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Introduction: Delays in definitive management of difficult airways in the Emergency Department (ED), often involving coordination with expert consultation from Anesthesia and/or Otolaryngology, can lead to devastating outcomes. Currently at our ED there is no standardized approach to identifying and/or managing predicted difficult airway scenarios. We sought to determine the most common factors contributing to predicted difficult airways in the ED, and areas of time delays in securing a definitive airway. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis at a tertiary academic centre (>160,000

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XUE, Fu-shan, Nong HE, Xu LIAO, Xiu-Zheng XU, Ya-chao XU, Quan-yong YANG, Mao-ping LUO, and Yan-ming ZHANG. "Clinical assessment of awake endotracheal intubation using the lightwand technique alone in patients with difficult airways." Chinese Medical Journal 122, no. 4 (February 2009): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.04.0010.

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Background There is few study to determine whether the use of the lightwand technique alone could achieve effective, safe and successful awake endotracheal intubation (ETI), therefore we designed a prospective clinical study to systematically evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of awake ETI using the lightwand alone in patients with difficult airways. Methods Seventy adult patients with difficult airways were enrolled in this study. After the desired sedation with fentanyl and midazolam, airway topical anesthesia was performed with 9 ml of 2% lidocaine, which were in order sprayed in

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Pascoe, Christopher D., Chun Y. Seow, Tillie L. Hackett, Peter D. Paré, and Graham M. Donovan. "Heterogeneity of airway wall dimensions in humans: a critical determinant of lung function in asthmatics and nonasthmatics." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 312, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): L425—L431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00421.2016.

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Airway remodeling, a key feature of asthma, alters every layer of the airway wall but most strikingly the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Airway remodeling in asthmatics contributes to fixed airflow obstruction and can amplify airway narrowing caused by ASM activation. Previous modeling studies have shown that the increase in ASM mass has the largest effect on increasing maximal airway narrowing. Simulated heterogeneity in the dimensions and properties of the airway wall can further amplify airway narrowing. Using measurements made on histological sections from donor lungs, we show for the f

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Lee, Seong K., Andrewa Rosenthal, Dafney L. Davare, Chauniqua Kiffin, Rafael Sanchez, Michael Hurtado, and Eddy H. Carrillo. "Inclusion of the Acute Care Surgeon in the Difficult Airway Protocol: A Nine-Year Experience." American Surgeon 83, no. 9 (September 2017): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708300929.

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An emergency surgical airway is a lifesaving intervention required in the event of airway loss or respiratory failure when conventional endotracheal intubation cannot be performed. The Acute Care Surgery/Trauma Service is a critical component in the angioedema/difficult airway protocol at our institution. We conducted a retrospective review (2007–2016) to analyze the role our service has in managing patients requiring an emergency surgical airway. Cases were analyzed for preexisting conditions, hospital location of procedure, techniques, complications, and mortality. Our protocol involves earl

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Sparrow, M. P., P. K. McFawn, T. I. Omari, and H. W. Mitchell. "Activation of smooth muscle in the airway wall, force production, and airway narrowing." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-078.

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Airway narrowing depends on smooth muscle force production and muscle shortening, but the structural and geometric properties exhibited by individual generations of the bronchial tree largely determine the extent and characteristics of airway narrowing. Properties of major importance include the nature and integrity of the epithelium, the structural and mechanical properties of the airway wall, as well as airway diameter. The influence of these properties on airway narrowing measured as flow or flow resistance in large and small diameter segments of airways from pig lung is described using a n

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App, EM, JG Zayas, and M. King. "Rheology of mucus and transepithelial potential difference: small airways versus trachea." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06010067.

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The transfer of water across the airway epithelium is closely related to the transepithelial potential difference (PD). Thus, PD should be directly involved in the regulation of airway intraluminal water content and, by extension, mucus rheology. Experiments by Boucher and co-workers (J Appl Physiol, 1980; 48: 169; and 1981; 51: 706) indicated that the values of PD in the small airways of dogs were considerably lower than in the trachea or mainstem bronchus. This fact suggests that water is increasingly removed from the airway lumen in the cephalad direction, and provides a possible mechanism

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WOOD, David M., Amanda L. BRENNAN, Barbara J. PHILIPS, and Emma H. BAKER. "Effect of hyperglycaemia on glucose concentration of human nasal secretions." Clinical Science 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030333.

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Glucose is not detectable in airways secretions of normoglycaemic volunteers, but is present at 1–9 mmol·l-1 in airways secretions from people with hyperglycaemia. These observations suggest the existence of a blood glucose threshold at which glucose appears in airways secretions, similar to that seen in renal and salivary epithelia. In the present study we determined the blood glucose threshold at which glucose appears in nasal secretions. Blood glucose concentrations were raised in healthy human volunteers by 20% dextrose intravenous infusion or 75 g oral glucose load. Nasal glucose concentr

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Ruderman, Brandon, Martina Mali, Amy Kaji, Robert Kilgo, Susan Watts, Radosveta Wells, Alexander Limkakeng, et al. "Direct vs Video Laryngoscopy for Difficult Airway Patients in the Emergency Department: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 5 (August 19, 2022): 706–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2022.6.55551.

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Introduction: Previous studies suggest improved intubation success using video laryngoscopy (VL) vs direct laryngoscopy (DL), yet recent randomized trials have not shown clear benefit of one method over the other. These studies, however, have generally excluded difficult airways and rapid sequence intubation. In this study we looked to compare first-pass success (FPS) rates between VL and DL in adult emergency department (ED) patients with difficult airways. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of prospectively collected observational data in the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR)

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Paré, Peter D., Brent E. McParland, and Chun Y. Seow. "Structural basis for exaggerated airway narrowingThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Recent Advances in Asthma Research." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 7 (July 2007): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-051.

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Airway hyperresponsiveness, particularly the ability of airways to narrow excessively in response to stimuli that normally cause little airway narrowing in nonasthmatic subjects, is a characteristic feature of asthma and the basis of its symptoms. Although airway hyperresponsiveness may be partly the result of alterations in the contractile phenotype of the airway smooth muscle, there is evidence that it may also be caused by structural changes in the airway wall, collectively termed airway remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as changes in composition, quantity, and (or) organization of c

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Benumof, Jonathan L. "The Glottic Aperture Seal Airway." Anesthesiology 88, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199805000-00012.

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Background None of the presently used airway devices are ideal regarding ease of insertion, alignment with the laryngeal inlet, and provision of a high-pressure seal from the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine, in awake volunteers, the performance of a new ventilatory device, the glottic aperture seal airway, regarding ease of insertion, alignment with the laryngeal inlet, and forced exhalation seal pressure (PFES). Methods The glottic aperture seal airway consists of a curved tubular component that ends in the middle of an elliptical foam cushion glottic component. The po

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Robinson, Philip, Mitsushi Okazawa, Tony Bai, and Peter Paré. "In vivo loads on airway smooth muscle: the role of noncontractile airway structures." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-077.

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The degree of airway smooth muscle contraction and shortening that occurs in vivo is modified by many factors, including those that influence the degree of muscle activation, the resting muscle length, and the loads against which the muscle contracts. Canine trachealis muscle will shorten up to 70% of starting length from optimal length in vitro but will only shorten by around 30% in vivo. This limitation of shortening may be a result of the muscle shortening against an elastic load such as could be applied by tracheal cartilage. Limitation of airway smooth muscle shortening in smaller airways

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Tran, Thai, and Andrew J. Halayko. "Extracellular matrix and airway smooth muscle interactions: a target for modulating airway wall remodelling and hyperresponsiveness?This article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Recent Advances in Asthma Research." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 7 (July 2007): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-050.

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The airway smooth muscle from asthmatic airways produces increased amounts and an altered composition of extracellular matrix proteins. The extracellular matrix can in turn influence the phenotype and function of airway smooth muscle cells, affecting the biochemical, geometric, and mechanical properties of the airway wall. This review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of the biology associated with airway smooth muscle interactions with the extracellular matrix. We present future directions needed for the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine the outcom

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Elliot, John G., Graham M. Donovan, Kimberley C. W. Wang, Francis H. Y. Green, Alan L. James, and Peter B. Noble. "Fatty airways: implications for obstructive disease." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 6 (October 17, 2019): 1900857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00857-2019.

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Epidemiological studies report that overweight or obese asthmatic subjects have more severe disease than those of a healthy weight. We postulated that accumulation of adipose tissue within the airway wall may occur in overweight patients and contribute to airway pathology. Our aim was to determine the relationship between adipose tissue within the airway wall and body mass index (BMI) in individuals with and without asthma.Transverse airway sections were sampled in a stratified manner from post mortem lungs of control subjects (n=15) and cases of nonfatal (n=21) and fatal (n=16) asthma. The re

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Martin, P. D., and W. A. Chambers. "Teaching Airway Management on Anaesthetised Patients." Scottish Medical Journal 39, no. 4 (August 1994): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309403900405.

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In order to assess the availability of appropriate resources for a programme of in-theatre teaching of airway skills using anaesthetised patients, two surveys of airway management on anaesthetised patients with identification of those suitable for teaching airway care; and a questionnaire to senior anaesthetists assessing attitudes to such teaching were performed. The results demonstrated that, of all patients undergoing general anaesthesia 45% were intubated and of these 29% were regarded as suitable for teaching intubation. The introduction of the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) into clinical pr

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