Books on the topic 'Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)'

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1

H, Stewart J., ed. Analgesic and NSAID-induced kidney disease. Oxford University Press, 1993.

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2

D, Catto Graeme R., ed. Drugs and the kidney. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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3

(Editor), K. D. Rainsford, and M. C. Powanda (Editor), eds. Safety and Efficacy of Non-Prescription (OTC) Analgesics and NSAIDs. Springer, 1997.

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4

Sjøgren, Per, Frank Elsner, and Stein Kaasa. Non-opioid analgesics. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0096.

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Non-opioid analgesics encompass the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The NSAIDs include acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), dipyrone (metamizole), and numerous other drugs in diverse classes. The NSAIDs have potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, and are among the most widely used drugs worldwide. In palliative medicine, they represent the first step of the World Health Organization’s analgesic ladder used for mild pain and they are an important supplement to opioids and adjuvant drugs at higher steps of the ladder. The dis
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5

Otis, James A. D. Non-Opioid Pharmacotherapies for Chronic Pain (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0015.

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The objective of chapter 15 is to describe analgesic approaches to chronic pain, excluding opioids. As such, it emphasizes, first, the available pharmacotherapies; and then procedures. The pharmacotherapies divide into analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); adjuvant analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants; oral anesthetic agents (cardiotropics); adrenergic agonists; topical agents such as capsaicin and local anesthetic solutions and ointments; and muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, and baclofen. Interventions include man
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6

Simon, Lee S., and Marc C. Hochberg. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0030.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a chemically diverse group of compounds that share three cardinal characteristics: they are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. They are approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gout, and some forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. There are at least 20 chemically different NSAIDs currently available in Europe and the United States. These include not only the ‘traditional’ non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors that inhibit both
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7

Bannwarth, Bernard, and Francis Berenbaum. Systemic analgesics (including paracetamol and opioids). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0029.

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Apart from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there are only two categories of systemic analgesics, namely paracetamol (acetaminophen) and opioids, that are currently available worldwide for clinical use. Paracetamol is poorly effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, its safety profile is less favourable than classically thought. In fact, there is evidence paracetamol acts as a weak inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. Given that paracetamol poses a lower risk of severe adverse events than NSAIDs while be
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8

Wagg, Adrian, and Shashi Gadgil. Acute pain in the elderly. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0011.

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Physiological changes that occur with age affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs used in acute pain management. Elderly patients are often reluctant to complain of pain and seek treatment and may sometimes be unable to express pain due to impaired cognition or language. Evidence suggests the elderly as a group that receive inadequate analgesia and are often in pain. Health care professionals are often reluctant to administer sufficient analgesia due to fear of encouraging addiction or inducing side effects. The approach to pain management in this group should follow the Worl
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9

Abhishek, Abhishek, Adrian Jones, and Michael Doherty. Topical pharmacological treatments. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0028.

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Topical pharmacological agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and capsaicin are widely recommended as first-line analgesics in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, hand, and potentially other peripheral joints in view of their safety and efficacy. Although initial studies were short in duration (2–4 weeks), recent randomized controlled trials have confirmed the efficacy of topical NSAIDs over longer (12-week) study periods. Systematic reviews demonstrate that their efficacy can be equivalent to oral NSAIDs for OA pain, but they have a significantly better s
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10

Zhang, Weiya, and Michael Doherty. Guidelines. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0037.

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A number of treatment guidelines have been developed to optimize the treatment of osteoarthritis, some of which were recently updated. Fifty-one non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical treatments are addressed in these guidelines but only two (oral opioid and intra-articular steroid injection) reach the minimal clinically important difference above placebo. Recommendations for these treatments vary depending on joint sites, risk:benefit ratio, and population. Exercise, self-management, and weight reduction if obese are universally recommended. While topical non-steroidal anti-inflam
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11

Rainsford, K. D., and M. C. Powanda. Safety and Efficacy of Non-Prescription Analgesics and NSAIDs: Proceedings of the International Conference held at The South San Francisco . . . Francisco, CA, USA on Monday 17th March 1997. Springer, 2012.

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12

Patel, Mayur B., and Pratik P. Pandharipande. Analgesics in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0043.

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Analgesia is a critical component of intensive care unit (ICU) care. Accordingly, understanding the mechanism, physiological consequences, and assessment of pain is important when caring for the ICU patient. Non-pharmacological approaches should be attempted before supplementing analgesia with pharmacological agents. Pharmacologically-based therapies are divided into regional and systemic therapies. Regional analgesic therapies target specific areas of the body while limiting the systemic effects of intravenous analgesics, but at the risk of invasiveness, local anaesthetic toxicity, and infect
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13

Chan, Jonathan, and Nigil Haroon. Treatment: NSAIDs. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0020.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute a diverse group of medications that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. NSAIDs form the first-line pharmacological therapy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support the efficacy of NSAIDs in reducing pain and improving patient function. Head-to-head comparisons have demonstrated equivalent effect of different NSAIDs in symptom control. The proposed disease-modifying potential of regular NSAID therapy is debatable and recent literature provides evidence to the contrary. Several safety concerns h
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14

Dashfield, Adrian. Acute pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0040.

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This chapter discusses the management of acute pain. It begins with an introduction which describes the benefits of acute pain management and the measurement of pain. Analgesic drugs are then described, including paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids (including their comparative efficacy). Patient-controlled analgesia, epidural analgesia, and continuous peripheral nerve blockade are described. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture are discussed. The management of the patient with a substance misuse disorder is discussed. The chapter concludes wit
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15

Dashfield, Adrian. Acute pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0040_update_001.

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This chapter discusses the management of acute pain. It begins with an introduction which describes the benefits of acute pain management and the measurement of pain. Analgesic drugs are then described, including paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids (including their comparative efficacy). Patient-controlled analgesia, epidural analgesia, and continuous peripheral nerve blockade are described. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture are discussed. The management of the patient with a substance misuse disorder is discussed. The chapter concludes wit
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16

Roddy, Edward, and Michael Doherty. Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD). Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0142.

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Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) in articular cartilage is a common age-related phenomenon. Recent important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pyrophosphate metabolism include the identification of a mutation within the ANK gene which associates with familial CPPD, and elucidation of the interleukin-1β‎ (IL-1β‎)-dependent mechanisms by which crystals invoke an inflammatory response. Risk factors for CPPD include age, prior joint damage and osteoarthritis, genetic factors, and occasionally metabolic diseases (hyperparathyroidism, haemochromatosis, hypomagnes
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17

Armstrong, Sarah L., and Gary M. Stocks. Postoperative analgesia after caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0024.

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Caesarean delivery (CD) is one of the most common operations in the world and providing effective pain relief is important not only for humanitarian reasons but also to speed up recovery and reduce postoperative complications. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of pain transmission after CD has led to a multimodal approach to analgesia. This involves combining analgesics which work by different mechanisms resulting in an additive effect whilst at the same time reducing side effects. In contemporary practice, most CDs are carried out under neuraxial anaesthesia and neuraxial techniq
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