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Journal articles on the topic 'Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Flood, Jordan, and Allison Stewart. "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Associated Toxicities in Horses." Animals 12, no. 21 (2022): 2939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212939.

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Effective pain management in horses can be a challenge despite the understanding that appropriate analgesia improves animal welfare and increases treatment success. The administration of NSAID drugs, particularly phenylbutazone and flunixin, are common practice in equine veterinary patients. Known for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, NSAIDs are used for the treatment of a variety of conditions in horses, from gastrointestinal to orthopedic pain. Despite extensive usage, NSAIDs have a narrow margin of safety and the body of literature documenting the efficacy and side effects o

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Dionne, Raymond A., and Charles W. Berthold. "Therapeutic Uses of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Dentistry." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 12, no. 4 (2001): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411010120040301.

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The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used classes of drugs for the management of acute and chronic pain in dentistry. Their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity are well-documented and provide evidence that NSAIDs generally provide an acceptable therapeutic ratio of pain relief with fewer adverse effects than the opioid-mild analgesic combination drugs that they have largely replaced for most dental applications. The great many studies done with the oral surgery model of acute pain indicate that a single dose of an NSAID is more effective than combinations

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Jakovljevic, Aleksandar, Emira Lazic, Neda Perunovic, and Nenad Nedeljkovic. "The use of ibuprofen in the treatment of postoperative pain in dentistry." Serbian Dental Journal 61, no. 3 (2014): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1403134j.

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Postoperative pain is common complication after daily dental care. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among most widely prescribed analgesics for management of postoperative pain. The analgesic effect of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) is related to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen (2-proprionic acid derivate) was discovered in the 1960s as a representative of NSAIDs. It is a peripherally acting analgesic with a potent anti-inflammatory action. An extensive retrospective analysis of randomized clinical trials conducted over the last 40 years demons

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Lukito, Johan Indra. "Kombinasi Analgesik Non-opioid Intravena untuk Tata Laksana Nyeri Akut." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 50, no. 9 (2023): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i9.868.

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Konsep analgesia multimodal dianjurkan untuk pengobatan nyeri. Paracetamol dan nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) umumnya menjadi analgesik dasar, serta dikombinasikan dengan opioid sesuai kebutuhan. Analgesik intravena (IV) dapat menjadi solusi bagi pasien yang tidak dapat menerima analgesik per oral. Kombinasi paracetamol dan ibuprofen IV menunjukkan efek analgesik yang signifikan, dengan manfaat opioid sparing, antipiretik, serta dengan profil keamanan yang relatif baik pada pasien nyeri akut. The concept of multimodal analgesia is recommended for the treatment of pain. Paracetamol

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Vasilyuk, V. B., G. I. Syraeva, and M. V. Faraponova. "Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute attack of gout." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 2 (2021): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-2-96-101.

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Gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis. Medical care for gout includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs prescribed for the acute attack of gout, in particular, AMBENIUM® parenteral. It was demonstrated that phenylbutazone is a powerful NSAID that provides significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering a broad spectrum of adverse reactions of NSAIDs, these agents should be prescribed and used under in-depth analysis of patient’s condition, comorbidities and the level of their decompensa

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Sütő, Gábor. "Nemszteroid gyulladáscsökkentő szerek a mozgásszervi fájdalom csillapításában." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 22 (2019): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31502.

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Abstract: Pain control in musculoskeletal disorders is still a challenging task. The most effective treatment of pain in autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases is the treatment of the disease itself. Analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are used to relieve pain. Analgesia is the central intervention of degenerative disorders. The most effective analgesic compounds are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Concerns are raised regarding the safety of NSAIDs. There is not any organ which is not involved in adverse reactions, but the damage of the gastrointe

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7

Dr., G. Sri Manjula Reddy, D.V. Ramanjaneyulu, E. Muralinath, et al. "Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Hydrocele." Journal of Research and Reviews in Homeopathy, Siddha & Unani 1, no. 2 (2024): 40–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14263918.

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<em>Hydrocele is manifested by an accumulation of fluid around the testicle. Various drugs are useful and these drugs include Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), Antibiotics, Diuretics, Sclerosis agents and Analgesics. Finally, it is concluded that while surgery remains the gold standard treatment for Hydrocele, medications can play a supportive role in managing symptoms and reducing discomfort.</em>

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Kinsey, Tracy L., Til Stürmer, Michele Jonsson Funk, Charles Poole, Ross J. Simpson, and Robert J. Glynn. "Incidence of venous thromboembolism following initiation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in U.S. women." Rheumatology 59, no. 9 (2020): 2502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez653.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE, i.e. deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both) following new use of NSAIDs in a long-term cohort of U.S. women. Methods We investigated initiation of coxibs and traditional NSAIDs (excluding aspirin) and incident VTE in 39 876 women enrolled in the Women’s Health Study from 1993–95 and followed with yearly questionnaires until 2012. We defined initiation as the first reported use of NSAIDs for ≥4 days per month. Incident VTE was confirmed by an end point committee. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and risk diffe

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Mallinson, Tom Edward. "A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic." Journal of Paramedic Practice 11, no. 11 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2019.11.11.cpd1.

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The provision of multimodal analgesia is a core concept in the management of acute and chronic pain. In the prehospital setting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used alongside paracetamol and opioids to provide such analgesia. Ketorolac is an NSAID which can be administered by injection and is used internationally in civilian and military prehospital care. This CPD article discusses Ketorolac as an analgesic option for paramedics.

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Smith, I., and A. Wilde. "Secondary tonsillectomy haemorrhage and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 1 (1999): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100143087.

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AbstractModern non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are now widely accepted analgesics for posttonsillectomy patients, but their effect on secondary haemorrhage has not been fully evaluated.This study attempts to evalute the influence of NSAIDs on the secondary haemorrhage rate, and also whether mode of dissection is an important factor.The records of 557 consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy were studied to determine if there was a relationship between the secondary haemorrhage rate and discharge prescription of NSAIDs.There was an overall secondary haemorrhage rate of 5.2

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Staab, Jeffery S., Alexander L. Kolb, Ryan E. Tomlinson, Paola Divieti Pajevic, Ronald W. Matheny, and Julie M. Hughes. "Emerging evidence that adaptive bone formation inhibition by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increases stress fracture risk." Experimental Biology and Medicine 246, no. 9 (2021): 1104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370221993098.

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There is mounting evidence suggesting that the commonly used analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may inhibit new bone formation with physical training and increase risk of stress fractures in physically active populations. Stress fractures are thought to occur when bones are subjected to repetitive mechanical loading, which can lead to a cycle of tissue microdamage, repair, and continued mechanical loading until fracture. Adaptive bone formation, particularly on the periosteal surface of long bones, is a concurrent adaptive response of bone to heightened mechanical load

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Patrekar, Prasad V., Sachin S. Mali, Komal Kashid, Snehal More, Savita S. Mali, and Sujata D. Dongare. "A overview: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and mechanisms." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 04 (2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.4.16.

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The inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory respons

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Maksimov, M. L., N. M. Kiseleva, D. G. Semenikhin, and B. K. Romanov. "Adverse reactions with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2008-02.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are included in a pharmacological group of drugs with different chemical structures providing anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions, as well as antiplatelet action to a certain degree. Unfortunately, NSAIDs can cause a wide range of adverse reactions (AR) posing a serious risk to the health and life of patients. Therefore, the rational use of NSAIDs should include methods for effective prevention of drug complications. Many NSAIDs have a pronounced therapeutic effect, simultaneously causing many undesirable effects, so the drug shal

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Bangerl, Teresa, Brigitte Zahel, Andrea Lueger, Emmanuella Guenova, Irena Angelova-Fischer, and Wolfram Hoetzenecker. "Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of an Austrian cohort study." Allergo Journal International 29, no. 7 (2020): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00134-6.

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Summary Background Hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the second most common cause of drug hypersensitivity. Despite the importance of NSAIDs in routine analgesia only few studies have systematically addressed the question of tolerability in hypersensitive patients. Methods The authors retrospectively analysed 398 patients that were treated at the Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Austria, in the period 2012–2016 with a clinical history of NSAID hypersensitivity. Skin tests (skin prick and intracutaneous tests) to common NSAIDs were

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Utami, Primanitha Ria, Devi Ristian Octavia, and Selly Septi Fandinata. "The Level Of Knowledge on the Use Of NSAIDs As Analgesic For Dysmenorrhea Case In Faculty of Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan." Jurnal Midpro 12, no. 2 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/md.v12i2.245.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) drugs, or better known as NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) or NSAIDs are a group that has analgesic (pain reliever), anti-pyretic (fever) properties. to determine the level of knowledge on the use of NSAIDs as anti-pain in cases of dysmenorrhea in the University of Muhammadiyah Lamongan. The research design used in this research is descriptive, in taking the sample using the total sampling technique. Collecting data by distributing questionnaires with data analysis presented in tabular form. The results of this study indicate th

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Leonova, M. V., and E. E. Alimova. "Pharmacogenetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: existing problems for clinical practice." Medical Council, no. 21 (January 20, 2019): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-204-209.

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NSAIDs are the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice for pain relief in various diseases. To date, considerable scientific material has been accumulated on the pharmacogenetics of NSAIDs and the role of genetic factors that can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, changing the efficacy and toxicity profile. The most clinically significant changes in pharmacokinetics in carriers of slow alleles of CYP2C9*3 have been identified for celecoxib and flurbiprofen, which determines the need for testing and lowering of drug doses. Studies were carried out to study the r

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B, NIJA. "Prodrug Approach: NSAID Conjugates of Platinum Compounds as Anti-Cancer Agents." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 32, no. 3 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss3pp1-13.

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Prodrug based synthetic approach is a very promising area of research to enhance the pharmaco–kinetic and pharmaco-dynamic properties of the drugs with the remarkable reduction of the side effects. Prodrug can be used for drugs which are having poor solubility, poor transport properties, production of chronic side effects thus this approach provides a powerful tool for novel drug conjugate with improved therapeutic value. Platinum based anti-neoplastic agents are widely used in chemotherapeutic regimen but the side effects like hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting,

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Puhl, Ana C., Flora A. Milton, Aleksandra Cvoro та ін. "Mechanisms of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ Regulation by Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs". Nuclear Receptor Signaling 13, № 1 (2015): nrs.13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1621/nrs.13004.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenases and blocking prostaglandin production. Previous studies, however, suggested that some NSAIDs also modulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), raising the possibility that such off target effects contribute to the spectrum of clinically relevant NSAID actions. In this study, we set out to understand how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ/PPARG) interacts with NSAIDs using X-ray crystallography and to relate ligand binding

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Mathews, Karol A. "Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Analgesics for Acute Pain Management in Dogs and Cats." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 10, no. 03 (1997): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632582.

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SummaryThe recently developed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, discussed in this article, have been shown to be efficacious in controlling post-operative pain, used either alone or in combination with opioids, in both cats and dogs. In some instances selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics appear to confer superior analgesia to opioids after orthopedic surgery. However, the side-effects of these drugs are an important factor in selecting the appropriate candidate to receive these analgesics. The contra-indications for use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be str

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Dmitriev, Maksim V., Ekaterina E. Khramtsova, Danila Y. Apuskin, et al. "Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of (Z)-4-(2-(3-Oxopiperazin-2-ylidene)acetyl)benzoic Acid." Molbank 2024, no. 1 (2024): M1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1772.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important class of medications; however, they have some drawbacks. We are developing a new NSAID with pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and a very low toxicity—(Z)-3-(2-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)ethylidene)piperazin-2-one (piron). In this work, we describe the synthesis of the main metabolite of piron—(Z)-4-(2-(3-oxopiperazin-2-ylidene)acetyl)benzoic acid. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized metabolite was determined in vivo.

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Хорошун, Максим Станиславович, and Анастасия Андреевна Лазарева. "PRESCRIBING OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS: BENEFITS AND RISKS." University therapeutic journal, no. 1 (November 23, 2022): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56871/3854.2022.69.43.001.

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Один из принципов современной медицины - купирование болевого синдрома, поскольку независимо от причины возникновения болевых ощущений на состояние пациента боль оказывает пагубное воздействие. В настоящее время наиболее доступным и популярным классом лекарственных средств, используемых в качестве анальгетиков, являются нестероидные противовоспалительные средства (НПВС), которые эффективны, доступны, в том числе и в финансовом аспекте. Помимо обезболивающей, противовоспалительной и жаропонижающей эффективности, НПВП также обеспечивают защиту организма от критических заболеваний, таких как злок

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Srivastava, Rajat, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Amit Kumar Patel, Abhishek Singh, and Krishna Kushwaha. "An insight of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug mefenamic acid: A review." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2019): 052–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4293436.

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This review focuses on the design, synthesis and pharmacological effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) mefenamic acid which is an anthranilic acid derivative. Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain. Exploitation of the prodrug approach has the potential to achieve a reduction of mefenamic acid GI (gastrointestinal) intolerance, enhance its bioavailability, mask its unpleasant sensation and prolong its duration of action. Mefenamic acid, an effective NSAID has always been used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic

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Velts, N. Yu, T. M. Bukatina, E. O. Zhuravleva, et al. "ON THE ISSUE OF SAFETY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 6, no. 3 (2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2018-6-3-123-129.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are liders in selling both in the Russian Federation and worldwide. The combination of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects make the drugs of this group very popular in patients with various diseases. The realization of NSAIDs in pharmacies occurs both by prescription and over-the-counter, so the safety assessment of the use of this group of drugs remains relevant. In the current practice, self-administration (responsible selfmedication) of drugs of the NSAID group is an additional factor affecting the safety of their intake. Accor

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Kawashima, Rei, Shun Tamaki, Yusuke Hara, Tatsunori Maekawa, Fumitaka Kawakami, and Takafumi Ichikawa. "Interleukin-13 Mediates Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory-Drug-Induced Small Intestinal Mucosal Injury with Ulceration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914971.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are antipyretics and analgesics, cause gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammation and ulcers. To prescribe NSAIDs more safely, it is important to clarify the mechanism of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury. However, there is a paucity of studies on small intestinal mucosal damage by NSAIDs, and it is currently unknown whether inflammation and ulceration also occur in the small intestine, and whether mediators are involved in the mechanism of injury. Therefore, in this study, we created an animal model in which small intesti

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Karateev, A. E. "Justification of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs injectable forms." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 8 (2020): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-8-518-524.

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Treatment of acute intense pain requires the use of strong fast-acting analgesics, such as parenteral forms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Intravenous and intramuscular (i.m.) NSAIDs administration increases the bioavailability of active substances, allows for analgesic therapy in the presence of restrictions for oral administration, and is predominant in the rate of analgesic action onset versus the latter. When choosing NSAIDs for i.m. administration, the risk of topical post-injection and systemic adverse reactions should be considered. Original meloxicam for i.m. inject

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Duman, Elif, Kenan Can Ceylan, Deniz Akpınar, et al. "The effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on tracheal wound healing in an experimental rat model." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 30, no. 4 (2020): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivz309.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), mostly used for postoperative analgesic purposes for wound healing, is still a matter of debate. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of the most widely used NSAID and corticosteroids after surgical operations on tracheal wound healing in an experimental rat model. METHODS Thirty-nine male Wistar albino rats were included in this study. Tracheotomy was performed in 32 rats; then they were divided into 3 groups. After the first day, the animals in group 1 were treated with an NSAID (diclofenac 10 mg/kg/day) (NSAID,

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Lee, Hanna. "Pharmacological management of osteoarthritis: judicious use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 67, no. 10 (2024): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2024.67.10.635.

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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent pain and joint deformation. Effective pain management in patients with OA necessitates accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning, considering the prolonged therapy required for OA. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain management in patients with OA, their long-term use can lead to various adverse effects that warrant careful consideration.Current Concepts: NSAIDs inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes and produce an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Howe

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Varga, Zoltán, Milan Kriška, Viera Kristová, and Miriam Petrová. "Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in hospitalized patients and perception of their risk." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 3 (2013): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0022.

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ABSTRACT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to the most widely prescribed and used pharmacological agents worldwide. Data gathered in the last decade show increased incidence of thrombotic events during NSAID administration. Analysis of NSAID usage and assessment of risk for development of cardiovascular adverse effects is needed for improving patient safety. For limiting the impact of adverse effects on the health of patients, NSAID users should be informed about the possible adverse effects and their symptoms to ensure early detection and treatment discontinuation. In the

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Dr., Abuabker Ibrahim Elbur 1. *. Shaker Saad 2. "KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ON PARACETAMOL AND NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS: ELECTRONIC SURVEY IN TAIF KINGDOM SAUDI ARABIA." Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 7, no. 9 (2018): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1442510.

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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> To measure the public knowledge and identify their attitudes on paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. <strong>Participants and methods</strong>: A cross- sectional study was conducted in Taif region, Saudi Arabia during May 2017. Adult Saudi (>18 years) were included. A structured- questionnaire was used to collect the data and it was distributed electronically through Linkonline. Descriptive statistics were used to describe all variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed.  Data was p

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Chinthia Devientasaria and Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri. "Effect Test of Analgesics (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Antalgin) in Local Strain Male Mice with Acetic Acid Induction Using the Writhing Test Method." Strada Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 1 (2023): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjp.v5i1.88.

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Analgesic or pain blocking drugs are compounds that reduce or eliminate pain without causing loss of consciousness. NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are heterogeneous compounds due to the different chemical structures of NSAID compounds, which are used to reduce mild to moderate pain, such as paracetamol, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen. Paracetamol is used to reduce body heat caused by infection or something else. In addition, this drug also relieves pain at a mild to moderate level, this analgesic works directly on the body’s heat regulating center in the hypothalamus. The method

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Alhalib, Ali. "Spectrophotometric determination of acetaminophen content of different brands of paracetamol tablets from Zliten." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 2, no. 2 (2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v2i2.1251.

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Paracetamol is a medicine compound commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic.1-5 It is classified as one of the drugs, known as aniline analgesics.6-9 It is used widely for the relief of a headache, other minor aches, pains, inflammations and a major ingredient in several cold and flu remedial combination drugs. While generally safe for use at a recommended dose, toxicity of paracetamol is the foremost cause of acute gastro intestinal problems.10-12 Paracetamol is considered to be the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), and recent reports suggest that it is highly selective for COX- 2. While i

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Paull, D. R., I. G. Colditz, C. Lee, S. J. Atkinson, and A. D. Fisher. "Effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and epidural anaesthesia in reducing the pain and stress responses to a surgical husbandry procedure (mulesing) in sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08050.

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In this study, we examined the potential of several widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other analgesics to reduce pain and stress in sheep after surgery. Because mulesing involves a greater degree of tissue trauma than other surgical husbandry procedures such as castration or tail-docking, it provides a more rigorous and conservative test to identify potentially useful analgesic strategies in sheep. Merino lambs (5 weeks of age) were randomised into eight treatment groups: (1) carprofen; (2) flunixin; (3) ketoprofen; (4) buprenorphine; (5) xylazine; (6) lignocaine e

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Karateev, A. E. "A new representative of the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapeutic arsenal of a Russian doctor: pelubiprofen." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 17, no. 1 (2025): 102–6. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2025-1-102-106.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main class of analgesics used in Russian medical practice to control acute and chronic pain in various conditions. NSAIDs have proven to be effective, easy to use and affordable. On the other hand, NSAIDs are potentially unsafe: the use of these drugs is clearly associated with an increased risk of class-specific complications in the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system and kidneys.None of the NSAIDs available on the modern pharmaceutical market can be considered ideal in terms of efficacy/safety ratio. This determines the feasibi

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Bais, G. Abhinav, R. Dinesh Chaple, J. Alpana Asnani, Pratyush Kumar, and Shrikant Mohurle. "In silico studies of pyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazoles derivatives as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitiors." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 166–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4277110.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s) have been used widely from several decades for treatment of analgesia and inflammation. The most widely reported side effect of NSAID's is inflammation of gastric regions, ulceration and kidney problems. These side effects are due to non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 over cyclooxygenase-1.Therefore we planned to design a potent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor using insilico techniques which may be used as anti-inflammatory and analgesics. In this current study we have chosen Pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles as the parent moiety along with

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Blake, D. W., A. R. Bjorksten, and F. C. Libreri. "Oral Tenoxicam for Peripheral Orthopaedic Surgery: A Pharmacokinetic Study." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 25, no. 2 (1997): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9702500206.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide effective analgesia after orthopaedic surgery and reduce opioid requirements. The need for parenteral NSAIDs with peripheral surgery is controversial. In this study 10 patients were treated with oral tenoxicam 20 mg preoperatively, and at 4 hours and 28 hours after knee ligament reconstruction surgery. Plasma concentrations of tenoxicam, an NSAID with a long elimination half-life, were measured for 10 days. All patients received patient-controlled intravenous morphine postoperatively, which delayed absorption of the second and third tenoxi

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Digvijay, Dalavi* Sonal Kumbhar Nilesh Chougule. "Assessment of Adverse Drug Reactions to NSAIDs: A Hospital Survey." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2025): 2727–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15098848.

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This study investigates the prevalence and nature of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) within our hospital setting. NSAIDs are commonly prescribed for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, yet they pose risks of adverse effects, ranging from gastrointestinal complications to renal impairment. Through a comprehensive survey conducted among hospital patients, data regarding the occurrence and severity of NSAID-related ADRs were collected and analyzed. Findings reveal a significant incidence of ADRs attributed to NSAID usage,

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Hunchak, V. M., M. L. Kondratuik, and R. O. Vasiv. "NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS "CELEXIB" AND "DIBUTALIASTIN" EFFICACY IN INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN RATS." One Health Journal 2, no. III (2024): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/onehealthjournal2024-iii-01.

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Non-steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used analgesics in veterinary medicine. Induced inflammation in laboratory animals is one of the most common methods to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of new drugs. We studied the anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs "Celexib", with the celecoxib (100 mg in 1 ml) active pharmaceutical ingredient and "Dibutalastin” ointment (1 g of the drug contains 61.0 mg of methyl salicylate). The studies resulted in the following, after supplantation of 1% carrageenan solution into laboratory rats, animals of the

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Doan, Lisa, Daniel Choi, and Richard Kline. "Impact of analgesics on executive function and memory in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Database." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 17, no. 1 (2017): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.10.003.

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Abstract Background and aims Pain is common in older adults but may be undertreated in part due to concerns about medication toxicity. Analgesics may affect cognition. In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to examine the interaction of cognitive status and medications, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We hypothesized NSAID use would be associated with cognition and that this could be mediated through changes in brain structure. Methods In this post hoc analysis of the ADNI database, subjects were se

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Khan, Shanzana, Karen L. Andrews, and Jaye P. F. Chin-Dusting. "Cyclo-Oxygenase (COX) Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: Are Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Really Anti-Inflammatory?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (2019): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174262.

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Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors are among the most commonly used drugs in the western world for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However, they are also well-known to increase the risk of coronary events. This area is of renewed significance given alarming new evidence suggesting this effect can occur even with acute usage. This contrasts with the well-established usage of aspirin as a mainstay for cardiovascular prophylaxis, as well as overwhelming evidence that COX inhibition induces vasodilation and is protective for vascular function. Here, we present an updated review of the

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Donnenfeld, Eric. "Current Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation Related to Cataract Surgery." European Ophthalmic Review 06, no. 03 (2012): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2012.06.03.173.

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Ocular inflammation and pain are a common consequence of cataract surgery, and if left untreated, may lead to extensive ocular damage, resulting in impaired vision as well as decreased satisfaction with the procedure. Effective management of ophthalmic inflammation after surgery is therefore vital. Topical ophthalmic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become a mainstay of management of ocular pain and inflammation as a result of their anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic property and established safety record. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of topical NSAIDs

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Sonawane, Dipti R., Jugalkishor B. Jaju, Ganesh R. Pawar, and Punam A. Gosavi. "Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Levocetirizine in albino rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 8 (2019): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193182.

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Background: Levocetirizine, the R-enantiomer of Cetirizine has pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically favourable characteristics, with rapid onset of action, high bioavailability, high affinity for and occupancy of the H1-receptor, limited distribution, minimal hepatic metabolism together with minimal side effects. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for many years for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and more recently in the case of aspirin, antithrombotic purposes. Because of the significant side effect profiles of steroidal and NSAID medications, there is a great

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PLAYFORD, Raymond J., Christopher E. MACDONALD, Denis P. CALNAN, et al. "Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability." Clinical Science 100, no. 6 (2001): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1000627.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective analgesics but cause gastrointestinal injury. Present prophylactic measures are suboptimal and novel therapies are required. Bovine colostrum is a cheap, readily available source of growth factors, which reduces gastrointestinal injury in rats and mice. We therefore examined whether spray-dried, defatted colostrum could reduce the rise in gut permeability (a non-invasive marker of intestinal injury) caused by NSAIDs in volunteers and patients taking NSAIDs for clinical reasons. Healthy male volunteers (n = 7) participated in a random

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Kalim, Muhammad, Muhammad Asjad, Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Azhar Qureshi, Tanvir Ahmad Bhatti, and Rumman Khan. "Comparative Analysis of Pain Management Strategies Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 32S (2025): 3449–54. https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i32s.7947.

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Background: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the standard and most effective procedure for treating gallstone disease, patients often report experiencing moderate postoperative pain within the first 24 hours following surgery This can hinder early mobilization and elongate their hospital stay. Recovery outcome and analgesic preference greatly impacts patient satisfaction along with postoperative discomfort. This investigation centered on evaluating the efficacy of three postoperative analgesic regimens: intravenous NSAIDs alone, NSAID-opioid combinations, and TAP block coupl

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Akmal Labib, Abdul Hadi Hasan, and Mochammad Faisal Afif Mochyadin. "Hubungan Durasi Konsumsi OAINS dengan Gastritis di RS Al-Irsyad Haurgeulis." Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science 5, no. 1 (2025): 907–14. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.17174.

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Abstract. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of drugs that can reduce inflammation, and are used as antipyretics, anti-inflammatory agents, and analgesics. The use of NSAIDs can lead to the occurrence of gastritis. Gastritis is a condition characterized by inflammation or bleeding in the mucosal lining of the stomach. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of NSAID consumption and the incidence of gastritis in patients at Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Haurgeulis Hospital. The sampling technique used in this study is consecutive sampling. The sample

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Ripamonti, Carla, Chiara Ticozzi, Ernesto Zecca, Carlos H. Rodriguez, and Franco De Conno. "Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Ketorolac in Cancer Neuropathic Pain Unresponsive to Opioid and Adjuvant Drugs. A Case Report." Tumori Journal 82, no. 4 (1996): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169608200425.

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Ketorolac is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) having a potent nonopioid analgesic activity. Administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSI), its analgesic efficacy has been documented in the treatment of somatic and visceral cancer pain whilst it has been shown to be ineffective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Here is a description of a cancer patient with neuropathic pain unresponsive to anticonvulsant or antidepressant drugs administered in association or not with oral opioids but who was successfully treated with ketorolac alone via CSI. Furthermore, the analg

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Muralinath, E., H.S. Singh, Digamber D. Vijay, et al. "Drugs Acting On Poly Neuritis." Journal of Research and Reviews in Homeopathy, Siddha & Unani 1, no. 2 (2024): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11407370.

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<em>Poly neuritis a condition manifested by inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves, can be enhanced by many drugs that targets it's underlying causes and symptoms. Corticosteroids namely prednisone are potent anti-inflammatory agents that can play a role in decreasing nerve inflammation especially on polyneuritis. Corticosteroids inhibit the immune response and reduce inflammation. Potentially reliving symptoms and stopping further nerve damage. Long_ term usage of Corticosteroids may result in side effects. So careful monitoring is very essential. Intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG ) thera

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Pchelintsev, M. V. "Pain syndrome in oncology. Possibilities of dexketoprofen administration." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 9 (July 30, 2020): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-9-146-154.

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Pain is an important problem in oncology patients. Depending on its intensity, for pain treatment, analgesics of different pharmacological classes are used. According to WHO recommendations, for nociceptive pain treatment in oncology patients, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), mild and potent opioids are the essential medications. If in pain formation along with the nociceptive pain component, a neuropathic one is present, antiepilepsy drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, local anesthetics are added. Apart from these medicines, adjuvants are used. These agents potentiate the analgesi

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Sayeed, Saif, Manu Raj Mathur, Vijay Kumar Mishra, Deepti Nagrath, and Richard G. Watt. "Prescription Patterns of Analgesics for Oral Conditions in India - Analysis of Large Medical Audit Data of Outpatients in India’s Private Healthcare Sector." Indian Journal of Dental Research 34, no. 3 (2023): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_104_23.

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Abstract Background: Analgesic use needs to be regulated due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to analyse the change in prescription rates and patterns of the analgesics prescribed for various oral conditions and to analyse their trends across different age groups and gender to promote rational prescription of drugs and eventually influence regulatory policies. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on medical audit data collected from the private health sector in India. The prescription rate per 1000 persons per year was calculated from May 2013 to April 2016 using the mean projecte

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B.T.Udhaya, Moorthi, S.Mukesh, S.Vignesh, V.Shivashankar, and P.Geetha. "PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG INDUCED ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." International Journal of Scientific Development and Research 9, no. 6 (2024): 1193–202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12679753.

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Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed class of drugs having anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Because of their significant efficacy, low abuse potential and long-term clinical use to relieve various types of pain, they are one of the most widely used drugs in primary healthcare.NSAIDs are very effective in treating pain due to inflammation and unlike morphine, they do not depress CNS, do not cause physical dependence, have no addiction potential or any other negative effects. NSAIDS are also known as Non-narcotic

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Anjitha, M.1* K. Selvaraju2 N. L. Gowrishankar3 Athulya Prasad4 Arun Giri Raj V.5 Shabna S.6. "Transferosomes, Revolutionizing NSAIDS Delivery For Improved Therapeutic Efficacy: A Systematic Review Of Formulation Strategies And Evaluations." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 8 (2024): 3553–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13351322.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, or NSAIDs, are becoming becoming increasingly common due to their widespread acceptance as necessary medications for the efficient treatment of pain and inflammation. They possess antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. On the other hand, taking NSAIDs orally can result in a number of adverse effects  in gastrointestinal tract, pulmonary, cardiovascular systems. As a result, transdermal NSAIDs application were suggested over the oral NSAID administration for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Medication applied directl

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