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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animal Farm'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Boremyr, Hanna. "Reading Orwell’s Animals : An animal-oriented study of George Orwell’s political satire Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25410.

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2

Boremyr, Hanna. "Reading Orwell’s Animals : An animal-oriented study of George Orwell’s political satire Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24435.

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3

Hodge, Alison. "Farm animal welfare and sustainability." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3674.

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This thesis is concerned with acknowledging farm animals and their co-presence in the more-than-human space of the livestock farm, and with accounting for them responsibly in sustainability debates. The enrolment of farm animals as actors in political agendas for environmental sustainability, and farm animal welfare suggests that there are new ways of seeing and being with farm animals that permit their relational presence and recognise their subjectivity. Indeed geographers have in recent years acknowledged animals and their relations with humans, and they have begun to recognise the nature of animal subjectivies. However, within the fundamental rethinking of animals that has been provoked by these discussions, I suggest that farm animals have remained relatively invisible. Occupying ethically confusing terrain, farm animals have nonetheless been visible in a set of philosophical positions regarding their moral status, yet these debates present a rather confusing picture in which the farm animal as an individual is conspicuous by its absence. In seeking to redress the invisibility of farm animals within these debates, and recast them in relation to humans and the broader farm ecology, this thesis attempts to set out an epistemological and methodological framework through which farm animals might become visible as individual fleshy beings. Drawing on the concept of agricultural stewardship and new agendas in farm animal welfare science, it makes use of new methodological tools that have emerged in the social sciences to conduct a relational study of the livestock farm; a study in which farm animals themselves participate. It also considers how the divisions that have been constructed between humans, farm animals and the environment can be reconfigured as a more unified political science of the livestock farm.

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4

Aguado, Iriarte Piero Alejandro. "Derecho, estado y Animal farm." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15427.

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5

Jamieson, Jen. "Adolescents, education and farm animal welfare." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572485.

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6

Vernon, Matthew Christopher. "Spatial spread of farm animal diseases." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240490.

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Data on cattle movements within the United Kingdom have recently become available. As part of the conditions for lifting an export ban on British beef following the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic, the European Union required that the UK should have 'An effective animal identification and movement recording system'. The Cattle Tracing System (CTS) was introduced in September 1998, and the scheme was extended to include all cattle by the beginning of 2001. Contact networks have proved valuable in studying the epidemiology of diseases in man, such as human immunodeficiency virus; the availability of CTS cattle movement data has enabled contact network analysis to be applied to diseases of farm livestock. The CTS data may be represented as a large network; cattle holdings are represented as nodes, with a movement of cattle between holdings being an edge. To address concerns about the quality of this cattle movement data, a field study was conducted on Lewis, one of the Western Isles of Scotland. Farmers were recruited with the assistance of the local veterinary surgeon, and asked to record a range of potential risk behaviours relating to the transmission of infectious diseases (moving livestock, sharing pasture, etc.) for a one-month period. For the study area in question, movements of cattle not reported to CTS (especially to or from common grazing land) were a substantial contribution to the contact network during the study period. A wide range of measures of network structure exist, but their relevance to the dynamics of infectious diseases on networks is unclear. To address this, a discrete-time stochastic SIR simulation model of disease on a network was designed and implemented in software. Using this simulation model, a network model with the key structural features of the CTS contact network was constructed, by considering a range of measures of network structure, and testing resulting model networks against CTS-derived networks. The resulting model was shown to predict the dynamics of a simulated disease model on that contact network more closely than existing models of global network structure. Much work on the contact structure of the UK cattle herd has relied on relatively simple static network representations of movement data. By using simulated diseases, the serious shortcomings of static network representations compared to more complex dynamic network representations were demonstrated. A substantial library of software for the generation and analysis of large networks, and the simulation of disease thereupon, has been produced, and has been made generallyavailable. The design and implementation of this software is discussed, including the algorithms and data structures deployed, as well as validation of the software, and its portability to different computing platforms.

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7

Tecchio, Iliane. "Ideologia e tradução em Animal Farm." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94076.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2010
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T06:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 283012.pdf: 426643 bytes, checksum: 8f5de616a838334edf09d700c2c82ca5 (MD5)
Investiga-se a obra Animal Farm de George Orwell, publicada pela Signet Classics em 1996 e sua tradução, A Revolução dos Animais, realizada por Heitor Aquino Ferreira na edição de 2007 pela Companhia das Letras. A pesquisa tem como fio condutor o exame de traços ideológicos que emergem no discurso da personagem Squealer em língua inglesa e de seu correlato Garganta em português. Para embasar o estudo foi realizada uma retrospectiva histórica, considerando implicações sociais e culturais que circunscrevem a trama. Abordou-se igualmente conceitualizações ligadas à linguagem, ao discurso e ao poder. Ocupando o mesmo patamar de importância, foram evocados prismas teóricos da Tradução de modo a respaldar as análises. Os traços ideológicos impressos no discurso da personagem foram examinados criticamente de modo a focar componentes ligados ao binômio língua/linguagem, empregados para instituição e manutenção do poder. Especificamente, observou-se como o agente do discurso, em razão de necessidades e interesses de seus interlocutores, argumenta através das escolhas linguísticas e estratégias discursivas sobre os fatos pósrevolução. Sem pretender esgotar os leques de interpretações possíveis, este estudo lança uma reflexão sobre o uso da língua/linguagem para o processo de assujeitamento previsto no estabelecimento das linhas hierárquicas presentes na obra. Será observado, ao final do estudo, que a manipulação através do discurso encontrará o silêncio daqueles que, convencidos de inexorabilidade das configurações políticas que se delineiam, aceitam-na como via de mão única para a concretização de um ideal.
It is researched the novel Animal Farm written by George Orwell, published by Signet Classics in 1996 and its translation, A Revolução dos Animais, made by Heitor Aquino Ferreira, edition of 2007 by Companhia das Letras. The main point of this work is to analyze ideological aspects that emerge in the discourse of the character Squealer in English Language and its correspondence in Portuguese: Garganta. To support this study it was carried out a historical retrospective, considering social and cultural aspects that circumscribe the plot, as well as conceptualizations related to language, discourse and power. At the same level of importance, it was considered theoretical thoughts about Translation in a way to support the analyses. The ideological aspects noticed in the discourse of the characters were analyzed critically in order to focus the components connected with the binomial langue/language, employed to establish and maintain the power. Specifically, we attempt to examine how the agent of the discourse, for reasons of needs and desires of his interlocutors, argues, through the linguistic choices and discursive strategies, about the situations post-revolution. With no intention to exhaust the possible interpretations, this study brings a reflection about the use of the langue/language for the process of enslavement predictable in the establishment of that hierarchical line. It will be observed, at the end of this study, that the manipulation through discourse will cause the silence those who, convinced of the inevitability of the political configuration that is being drawn, believe it as the only way to achieve the realization of a dream.

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8

Fargo, Timothy Joseph. "Farm animal sanctuaries postdomestic activism and the transformative power of place /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1723178161&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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9

Cheng, Winston Teng-Kuei. "In vitro fertilization of farm animal oocytes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354475.

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10

Can, Edna Maria de Andrade Vieira. "Welfare assessment in Portuguese dairy goat farms : on-farm overall feasibility of an international prototype." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8862.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
This study describes and assesses the application of the on-farm welfare assessment prototype for dairy goats (Capra hircus) developed by the AWIN project. Thirty Portuguese dairy goat farms were assessed from January to March 2014. Pen-level observations were carried out on 2715 animals and detailed individual observations were performed on 1172 of these animals. The main areas of concern were associated with claw overgrowth, queuing at feeding, overweight animals, poor hair coat condition and improper disbudding. The results obtained show that these welfare issues are related to farm sizes, with larger farms heading higher concerns. Furthermore, the reliability and feasibility of the animal-based indicators were tested. Overall, moderate to high levels of agreement between observers were identified, with the exception of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA). From all stages of the prototype ‘Queuing’ and ‘Clinical scoring’ were the most time consuming, with the mean time required to apply the prototype being longer in large farms. In conclusion, the protocol has shown the potential not only for legislative and regulatory purposes, but also as a certification, advisory/management and research tool, probably following a two-step approach.
RESUMO - Avaliação de Bem-Estar Animal em Explorações Portuguesas de Caprinos de Leite: exequibilidade de um protótipo internacional de avaliação de bem-estar - Este estudo tem como objectivo descrever e avaliar a aplicação do protótipo de avaliação de bem-estar animal, desenvolvido pelo projecto AWIN em explorações de caprinos de leite em regime intensivo. Trinta explorações portuguesas foram avaliadas de Janeiro a Março de 2014, tendo sido efectuadas avaliações no parque de 2715 caprinos de leite e observações individuais a 1172 desses animais. Os principais problemas identificados nas explorações encontram-se associados a um crescimento excessivo das unhas, filas na manjedoura, animais com condição corporal elevada, com má condição do pêlo e alvo de uma má descorna. Os resultados obtidos indicam que estes problemas de bem-estar animal encontram-se relacionados com a dimensão das explorações, em que as de maior dimensão demonstram prevalências mais elevadas. A repetibilidade e exequibilidade dos indicadores que compõem o protótipo foram também testadas. De uma forma global, os níveis de repetibilidade entre os observadores, são moderados a elevados, com excepção da Avaliação Qualitativa do Comportamento (AQC). Das várias etapas que constituem o protótipo, as que envolvem mais tempo são a 'Presença de filas' e a 'Avaliação clínica', com o tempo médio necessário para a sua aplicação atingindo valores mais elevados em explorações maiores. A realização deste estudo permite concluir que o protocolo final de avaliação de bem-estar animal em caprinos de leite terá potencial não só como uma base legislativa e regulamentar, mas igualmente como uma ferramenta de certificação, consultoria/gestão e de pesquisa, seguindo uma estratégia baseada em dois níveis de avaliação.

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11

Rössling, Guido. "Animal-Farm an extensible framework for algorithm visualization /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964487799.

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12

Li, Xiwei. "Dust problems in animal buildings." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239057.

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13

Annen, Dominic Norbert [Verfasser]. "Farm Animal Welfare : Measurement and Compliance / Dominic Norbert Annen." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/104305538X/34.

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14

Näsström, Moa Jessica Linnea. "Farm animal welfare in the European Union : a critical analysis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15328/.

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This thesis examines the causes behind why England and Sweden, as European Union (EU) Member States that share a higher concern for animal welfare, suffer similar financial drawbacks and a decrease of their farmers’ competitive strength, in spite of their fundamentally different regulatory approaches to transposing EU law. This complex situation is investigated by tracing the issue to its origin: the inherent tension stemming from the dual classification of the animals in EU primary law as both sentient beings and tradable goods. Farm animal welfare is regulated by minimum harmonising EU Directives, which permit Member States to implement stricter domestic regulatory standards. This thesis argues that these stricter standards, while being zoocentrically important in terms of enabling a higher level of farm animal welfare, also have a substantial negative economic impact upon the affected farmers, due to the higher input costs. The issue arising is that minimum Directives effectively negate the competitive strength of the farmers in ‘stricter’ Member States, as their domestic produce competes directly against imported products from Member States whose national legislation is closer to the minimum standard established by the EU Directives. This thesis critiques this situation as untenable and submits that the farmers’ competitive strength in stricter Member States can be improved by a shift in consumer purchasing behaviour, achieved by a programme that raises public awareness. The research outcome is a recommendation of the introduction of an EU-wide farm animal welfare labelling policy, one that would allow consumers to distinguish high-welfare products from low-welfare ones, where the elevated price commanded by the former would offset the higher costs incurred in their production. The benefits of this solution are that it facilitates increased competitiveness within the EU’s internal market, while maintaining and promoting higher farm animal welfare standards.

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15

Kau, Ka-man Angel, and 奚家敏. "Modality and voices of authority in Animal farm and 1984." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953050.

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16

Kau, Ka-man Angel. "Modality and voices of authority in Animal farm and 1984." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23473058.

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17

Thansa, Kwanta. "Novel approaches to the isolation of farm animal embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10918/.

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The establishment of stable immortal ES cell lines using embryos as a source of isolation in domesticated farm animals, in particular for pigs, which are closer to humans than other ungulates, has not been reported; hence this information could contribute to the improvement of regenerative medicine in humans, biotechnology and agriculture. Therefore, the discovery of effective protocols to derive and maintain ES cells and the induction of purified somatic cells from ES cells in pigs is of importance. The objectives of this study were to produce pES-like cells and direct differentiation of the ES-like cells obtained by improving the culture conditions. In vivo-derived porcine blastocysts at day 6-8 were classified into two groups distinguished by the exhibition of ICMs and epiblasts of the embryos. In each group, intact blastocysts and isolated ICMs or epiblasts were designed to culture in either KO4bh or DM40bh medium on mitotically inactivated MEFs under the humidified air of 5%CO2 at 39°C until the primary outgrowth of ES-like cells was observed. Two morphologically distinct pES-like cells, pESA-like and pESB-like cells were isolated from the epiblasts, whereas no cell lines were generated from ICMs. pESA-like cells were observed as individual small round cells containing one or multiple nucleoli along with a high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm, while pESB-like cells formed dome-like colonies. The pESA-like cells were stained both negative and positive with the alkaline phosphatase enzyme, while pESB-like cells were all stained positive. With immunofluorescence staining of OCT-4 and nanog, the nuclei of pESB-like cells appeared not to be stained positive with these two antibodies, while the designed self-renewing genes such as OCT-4, nanog, SOX-2, REX-1 and DPPA-3 were detectable as similar to mES cells. Regarding the pluripotent abilities of pESB-like cells, they could be induced to form neuronal-like, neuronal supporting-like, smooth muscle-like and hepatic-like cells in a variety of desirable differentiation media under the feeder-free culture system. The cytoplasmic contents of certain induced mature cells were stained positive with nestin, α-smooth muscle actin and α-fetoprotein in association with the expression of differentiated genes specific to each germ layer such as nestin, α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, α-cardiac actin, transthyretin, α-fetoprotein, albumin and HGF1β. In conclusion, pESB-like cells obtained in this study may possibly have the potential to be authentic ES cells isolated from early epiblast origin as mES cells.

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18

Clark, Beth. "Production diseases and farm animal welfare : what do the public think?" Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3994.

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The intensification of animal production has been associated with an increased incidence of production diseases, which can negatively impact upon farm animal welfare (FAW). While there is considerable research focused on public attitudes towards improved FAW, it is not clear whether this relates specifically to a reduction in diseases related to animal production systems. This research therefore seeks to establish public attitudes towards FAW with a specific focus on production diseases, and whether the incidence of diseases and interventions associated with these represent a barrier to their increased use. Systematic review methodology combined with evidence synthesis was applied to integrate existing knowledge regarding consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for, and attitudes, towards FAW with a specific focus on the reduced incidence of animal production diseases. Four databases were searched and screened and identified 54 studies evaluating WTP and 80 studies investigating attitudes. Meta-regression based on random effects meta-analysis explored heterogeneity in WTP whilst a thematic analysis was used to explore attitudes towards FAW. An evidence-gap was highlighted in relation to attitudes towards and WTP for production diseases associated with the intensification of production, with only 7% of WTP and 26% of attitudes studies investigating aspects in relation to this, primarily in relation to antibiotic use. This evidence gap was used to inform a European survey (n=2,330) exploring risk-benefits associated with and acceptability of production diseases and associated interventions in intensive pig and poultry production systems. Several risks and benefits of both the systems and the interventions were identified, relating to both human and animal health concerns, with the most preferred interventions being those that were perceived as being more natural. Whilst legislation will ensure that these interventions will deliver safe food the results highlight the need for effective communication of the risks and benefits of the management practices within these systems.

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19

Barnett, G. M. (Gordon M. ). "Feed additives and animal waste phosphorous reactions." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41322.

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Organic phosphorus (P$ sb{ rm o}$) in farm animal wastes must be mineralized to inorganic P for subsequent plant use. This study was conducted to determine if feed additives affect P$ sb{ rm o}$ mineralization, manure decomposition, and plant growth. Feed additives in aqueous systems affected the P mineralization of inositol hexaphosphate by phytase and of adenosine monophosphate by alkaline phosphatase. Pronounced effects were produced by bacitracin and both enzymes and by neomycin on phytase. Feed additives in dairy cattle (Bos taurus L.) manure produced effects on microbial activity as measured by gas production that differed from those produced on fecal phosphatase activity. Additives applied directly or with manure to Ste. Rosalie clay, Greensboro loam, or silica sand had no effect on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield but did produce additive, rate, growth medium, and manure dependent effects on plant P concentration and soil phosphatase activity. Therefore, each feed additive must be independently evaluated to determine its effect on biological systems.

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20

Almeida, Virgilio da Silva. "The development of animal health services for smallholder dairy farmers in northwest Portugal." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306745.

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21

Adam, Katherine. "The future of farm animal practice in a changing veterinary business landscape." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669189.

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22

Jirajaroenrat, Kanya. "Development of ribozyme technology for gene down-regulation in farm animal species." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408887.

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23

Knott, Sara Anne. "Statistical methods for the detection of major genes in farm animal populations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11830.

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Animal breeding theory is based on the assumption that traits are controlled by many genes each having small effect, however, genes with a large effect have been identified in favourable circumstances. Where major genes can be identified, and individual animals genotyped, exploitation of the genetic variation can be optimised. Segregation analysis has been proposed as a suitable method for detecting major genes. It involves maximising and comparing the likelihood of the data under different genetic models to ascertain the most likely genetic structure. To identify a major gene the likelihood of the data under a polygenic model is maximised and compared with the maximum likelihood under the mixed model (i.e. containing a major gene and polygenic component). A significant improvement in the likelihood obtained by incorporating the major gene gives evidence for its existence. Equations for the exact mixed model and polygenic likelihoods can be obtained, however the mixed model likelihood involves the integration of a complex function. Several approximations to this likelihood have been investigated. The first effectively retains the integration and approximates crossproduct terms involving the major gene and the polygenic component. The second (Herm) approximates the integration with a summation using the Hermite polynomial. The likelihood has been maximised using a quasi-Newton algorithm. The third and fourth methods are extensions of mixed model methods (in the statistical sense, i.e. including fixed and random effects), which are already familiar to animal breeders. One replaces the integration with a single estimate of the mode of each sire's transmitting ability distribution (ME1), the other estimates three modes one for each possible major genotype of the sire (ME3). These have been implemented using an expectation-maximisation algorithm. The first approximation was thought too complex to extend to include, for example, fixed effects. The operational characteristics of the other three methods have been investigated using simulated data. The Monte-Carlo simulation program uses Boolean algebra to describe the genotype of individuals at each locus and the inheritance of the alleles. Different genetic models have been considered and the data was analysed twice, firstly assuming that the polygenic heritability was known and fixing it at the expected value, secondly estimating the heritability from the data. For all the analyses the simulated data contained 50 sires each with 20 half-sib offspring. Segregation analysis is capable of detecting a major gene segregating in a population and accurately estimating its effect and frequency. Approximations to the mixed model likelihood make the method feasible for large data sets.

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24

Persson, Andre. "Where Are the Sows? : A Feminist Reading of George Orwell's Animal Farm." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22121.

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This essay argues that the patriarchy is pervasive throughout George Orwell’s novella Animal Farm. By providing examples of narrative events and character actions, the essay aims to make evident the ways in which the patriarchy is represented throughout the novella. The concept of patriarchy is defined, and characters and events that take place within the narrative of Animal Farm are analyzed through the lens of traditional gender roles and toxic masculinity. Both male and female characters are included to present the ways in which society in Animal Farm is patriarchal and the essay argues that the presence of the patriarchy pervades the narrative. The presence of patriarchal structures can be seen throughout the narrative, including characters, character’s actions and how events are portrayed. To conclude, discussing the novella from a feminist theoretical perspective is good for understanding the work in a way that is different from most other analyses in academia and this essay argues that the patriarchy indeed is present throughout the narrative of Animal Farm.

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25

Thompson, Carol Sylvia. "Assessing attitudes towards welfare and pain in farm animals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25463.

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Within the livestock sector, farmers and veterinarians are two groups of people who play a pivotal role in maintaining the health and welfare of animals. How the different welfare needs of farm animals are perceived and prioritised by these two caretaker groups will have direct implications for the animals in their care. People’s perceptions and attitudes directly influence their behaviour, and research has demonstrated that positive attitudes towards animals are paramount to ensuring good animal welfare. The prevention and mitigation of pain is an important component to ensuring good animal welfare, as pain has the potential to negatively affect both physical and mental health. How pain in animals is perceived by farmers and vets will influence how it is managed. Therefore, understanding how farmers and vets: view the capacity of animals to experience pain, perceive the pain severity associated with different conditions and procedures, view the importance of pain mitigation in relation to other welfare needs, and deem the necessity of analgesic use in livestock, is vital. Four separate questionnaire based studies were conducted to assess these attitudes in farmers and veterinarians as well as in agriculture and veterinary students, as these students will be the next generation of farmers and veterinarians. Overall, farmers and vets were found to have positive attitudes towards pain in livestock. Although the capacity of cattle and sheep to feel pain was perceived to be lower than that of humans it was still rated highly. In addition, positive beliefs about the benefits of pain alleviation, the negative impacts of pain on production and welfare, and the importance of prompt treatment and pain management for good welfare were held. Cattle farmers had more positive attitudes towards pain and analgesic use than sheep farmers. This difference was most evident around areas of resource availability, such as time and labour, and the practicalities associated with pain identification and drug provision. Farmers, vets and students perceived lameness to be a painful condition, with the perceived severity of pain being closely related to the perceived severity of the disease. In addition, participants reported a greater emotional reaction in instances where they rated lameness and pain more highly. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between lameness, pain and emotional reaction scores and the decision to catch a lame sheep for inspection. The majority of students had positive views towards pain in farm animals, believing that: farm animals were capable of experiencing pain, prompt treatment and the provision of pain relief were the two most important elements of welfare, and that farm animals benefit from pain alleviation. However, there was a perceived difference between a number of animal species in their capacity to feel pain, with livestock species being viewed as having a lesser capacity than companion animals and humans. In addition effects of gender were found, with females reporting higher levels of empathy and compassion towards lame sheep, and rating pain higher. Furthermore, female students had a stronger belief that animals were sentient beings than did males. These four studies found that views on pain and analgesic use in livestock were generally positive. However, differences between individuals and between groups were found in a number of areas including how observers perceived the severity of painful conditions and procedures and in the capacity of different animal species to experience pain. These differences in attitudes may affect the decisions farmers and vets make regarding the treatment of pain, which is likely to have implications for farm animal welfare.

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26

Maw, Stephen. "The effect of on-farm husbandry and housing conditions on pigmeat quality and eating characteristics." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244270.

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27

Waine, K. V. "The use of clinical audit in farm animal veterinary practice in the UK." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43805/.

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Clinical audit was adopted from the medical profession in the late 1990s and is now widely discussed as a quality improvement tool in veterinary medicine. It is suggested by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons as a method to improve the care provided to veterinary patients and many opinion pieces offering advice have been published. However, there is no evidence to support its use in farm animal veterinary practice and no understanding of how it is currently used among farm animal practitioners. This PhD thesis aimed to determine if and how clinical audit can be used efficiently and effectively in farm animal veterinary practice in the United Kingdom (UK). A review of the literature found that the translation of clinical audit from human to veterinary medicine had resulted in confusing and conflicting advice for practitioners working with all species. The definition of clinical audit seemed unclear, advice on how to conduct the process differed between authors and the relationship with evidence and guidelines was ambitious. Very few publications were based on research evidence and most centred on expert opinion. There was also no information on how clinical audit was used or understood by farm animal practitioners. A cross-sectional study to collect experiences and attitudes of farm animal veterinary surgeons in the UK towards clinical audit was conducted using a nationwide survey. Despite the emphasis put on the process, the survey revealed that many veterinary surgeons had never heard of clinical audit, or never been involved in clinical audit in farm animal practice. The participants’ knowledge of clinical audit varied widely, supporting the findings of the literature review that clarification of the process was required. A case-series using qualitative data gathering methods and analysis, including a nominal group technique (Priority Setting Partnership approach) and thematic analysis, was carried out with three farm animal veterinary practices in the UK. Prospective and retrospective clinical audits were implemented in the practices using a clearly defined framework and detailed feedback was collected on the process through a number of routes. Attempting clinical audit in the three practices highlighted many challenges to conducting clinical audit in farm animal veterinary practice. This included the difficulty of differentiating between research and clinical audit, the logistics of data collection on farm, the limitations to conducting retrospective audits in farm practice, and the time taken for the process. A number of benefits of the process were also appreciated. The practitioners found clinical audit to be an interesting exercise that increased communication within the practice and improved knowledge on how procedures were conducted. Protocols and guidelines are a suggested component of clinical audit but little information was found about their veterinary application in the literature review. To investigate the use of protocols and guidelines in farm animal practice a survey-based case study using structured interviews and a questionnaire was completed examining the understanding of, and attitudes towards, a surgical protocol used by veterinary surgeons within a practice. The case study found that guidance can have a place in practice, but highlighted that it should always allow for clinical findings in each case to be considered and acted on appropriately. Suggestions were made that checking all staff follow a guideline may not be the most beneficial way to conduct clinical audit. Following the work of this thesis, the definition of clinical audit and suggestions for its use in the veterinary setting have been simplified and defined. Discussions about the suitability of clinical guidelines and protocols and how each relate to clinical audit have been started and may provide a baseline for future research. Recommendations for farm animal practitioners wishing to conduct clinical audit in practice have been produced with an emphasis on attempting the process for the first time. This thesis has modified the process of clinical audit to ensure that it is accessible and practicable for veterinary surgeons wishing to improve the quality of care delivered in practice.

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Rutter, Steven Mark. "Fear in the domestic fowl : can aversion be measured?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24288.

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29

Brebner, Jocelyn. "The role of soil ingestion in the trace element nutrition of grazing livestock." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38242.

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30

Rudd, Andrew Robert. "The welfare of the peri-parturient sow and her piglets in experimental loose-housed and confined farrowing systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251924.

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31

Kabuga, Joseph Dabien. "Sources of variation in voluntary feed intake and nutrient utilization for milk production of dairy cows." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28319.

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Zanella, Adroaldo Jose. "Sow welfare indicators and their inter-relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334184.

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Bardgett, Richard David. "The effects of changes in sheep management intensity on faunal/fungal interactions related to nutrient cycling in upland soils." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306429.

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34

Araghi, Mohammad. "The genetic analysis of a Suffolk group breeding scheme nucleus flock selected for lean meat production." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244058.

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35

Ocampo, Duran Alvaro. "High lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270837.

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Sandoval, Castro Carlos Alfredo. "The effect of restricted suckling, milking and nutritional management on milk production and calf performance in dual purpose cattle." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243645.

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Chwen, Loh Teck. "Growth performance,blood lipids and associated measurements in selected lines of pigs postweaning." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265061.

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38

Pulido-Albores, Angel Rosendo. "Evaluation of the impact of a technology transfer programme on dual purpose cattle production systems in Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251628.

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39

Boelling, Dorothee. "The influence of phenotype and genotype on locomotion in cattle." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338477.

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40

Hurst, David. "The influence of liquid feeding on gastrointestinal adaptation, growth and performance in the growing pig." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268859.

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Brookes, Julie Bridget. "An evaluation of tooth clipping in piglets." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262281.

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42

Hernandez-Mendo, Omar. "Effect of combining grazing with different periods of access to a maize silage-based diet indoors on performance and behaviour of lactating dairy cows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269694.

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Morris, Andrew John. "An evaluation of genetic selection in a commercial broiler breeder dam line." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339155.

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Pulido, Ruben G. "Interaction of pasture condition, concentrate supplementation and milk yield level in relation to dairy cow performance and behaviour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311536.

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Gonzalez, Esquivel Carlos Ernesto. "Evaluation of suitability in dairy cattle production systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286689.

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King, Lesley Anne. "Environmental enrichment for broiler breeders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249541.

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Nicol, C. J. "A study of the behavioural needs of battery housed hens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375285.

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Bozkurt, Yalcin. "Physical and economic performance in grass/cereal beef systems." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296318.

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Lomas, Caroline Anne. "The effect of supplementary light on the behaviour, physiology and productivity of cattle." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239841.

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Komlosi, Istvan. "The application of computer image analysis to predict conformation in sheep." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385818.

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