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Journal articles on the topic 'Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes Malaria'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Ngwu, G. I., F. C. Okafor, J. E. Eyo, and M. I. Ngwu. "Influence of geographical location on abundance assortment of Anopheles mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) on malaria parasite rate in Enugu State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.5.

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Assessment of geographical distribution of malaria vectors is essential to effective malaria parasite control. This study evaluated the influence of geographical locations on distribution of Anopheles mosquito species and malaria parasite vectorial efficacy in Enugu State, Nigeria. Mosquitoes were collected, using indoor resting pyrethrum spray collection (IRPSC) method. They were morphologically identified and molecularly (PCR) characterised. The M form (now called Anopheles coluzzii) and S form (now called nominotypical Anopheles gambiae s.s.), were identified using Restriction Fragment Leng

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Bassey, B. E., K. N. Opara, and L. P. Usip. "Morphological and molecular characterization of endophilic Anopheles gambiae complex, in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 41, no. 1 (2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.12.

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Malaria is still regarded as a major public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries. Anopheles mosquitoes have been implicated as the major malaria vectors. However, species abundance, composition and distribution vary between different ecological zones. This study investigated the composition and distribution of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled bi-weekly from 15 randomly selected houses each from three communities in the study area by pyrethroid spray capture (PSC) method. Adult Anopheles speci

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Adeogun, Adedapo O., Kehinde O. K. Popoola, Abiodun K. Olakiigbe, and Samson T. Awolola. "Distribution of Members of the Anopheles Gamibiae s.l. In Oyo State, South West Nigeria." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 1 (2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/9102/30(0140).

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Background: Members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. remain the most efficient vectors of malaria parasite in Africa. However, for timely and effective vector control activities, the distribution of these important vectors in local communities is crucial. We therefore determine the distribution of the members of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Oyo State, Nigeria Methods: Larval stages of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from identified mosquito breeding sites in six localities (Oluyole, Eruwa, Oyo, Ojoo, Bodija, and Ogbomoso) in Oyo State and reared to adults. Three to five days old adult emergence

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Carrasco-Tenezaca, Majo, Musa Jawara, Mahamed Y. Abdi, et al. "The relationship between house height and mosquito house entry: an experimental study in rural Gambia." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 178 (2021): 20210256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0256.

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Most malaria infections in sub-Saharan Africa are acquired indoors, thus finding effective ways of preventing mosquito house entry should reduce transmission. Since most malaria mosquitoes fly less than 1 m from the ground, we tested whether raising buildings off the ground would prevent the entry of Anopheles gambiae , the principal African malaria vector, in rural Gambia. Nightly collections of mosquitoes were made using light traps from four inhabited experimental huts, each of which could be moved up or down. Mosquito house entry declined with increasing height, with a hut at 3 m reducing

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OBEMBE, Music Temitope, and Idowu J. AWOPETU. "Sporozoite Infection Rate and Identification of the Infective and Refractory Species of Anopheles gambiae (Giles) Complex." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6, no. 4 (2014): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb649435.

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The ability of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium infection is known to be variable within sibling species of the complex with strains that cannot transmit the parasite. High sporozoite infection rate recorded showed that A. gambiae mosquitoes are potent malaria vectors in southwestern Nigeria. The aim of this study was to identify the infective and refractory strains of A. gambiae mosquitoes and to determine the sporozoite infection rate in this area. The infective strains were A. gambiae (sensu stricto) and A. arabiensis, while the refractory strains were A. gambiae

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Obala, Andrew Ambogo, Helen L. Kutima, Henry D. N. Nyamogoba, et al. "Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis population densities and infectivity in Kopere village, Western Kenya." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 08 (2012): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1979.

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Introduction: This study was conducted in a sugar belt region of western Kenya interfacing epidemic and endemic malaria transmission. We investigated Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (ss) and Anopheles arabiensis species compositions and densities, human host choice, and infectivity. Methodology: Mosquitoes were captured using pyrethrum spray catch technique and first identified based on morphology; species were confirmed by PCR. Blood meal preference and sporozoite rates were determined by ELISA. Parity rates and entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were determined. Seasonal densities were co

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Ahadji-Dabla, Koffi Mensah, Adjovi Djifa Amoudji, Seth Wolali Nyamador, et al. "High Levels of Knockdown Resistance in Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), Major Malaria Vectors in Togo, West Africa: A 2011 Monitoring Report." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 4 (2019): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz030.

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Abstract A survey of susceptibility to DDT, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and chlorpyrifos-methyl was conducted in five localities in 2011 in Togo, West Africa, to assess the insecticide resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae). Female populations of An. gambaie s.l. emerged from collected larvae (F0) were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers using World Health Organization test kits for adult mosquitoes; the susceptible reference strain Kisumu was used as a control. Resistance to DDT and deltamethrin was observed within the mosquito populations tested. Anopheles gambi

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Rasgon, Jason L., Xiaoxia Ren, and Michael Petridis. "Can Anopheles gambiae Be Infected with Wolbachia pipientis? Insights from an In Vitro System." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 12 (2006): 7718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01578-06.

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ABSTRACT Wolbachia pipientis are maternally inherited endosymbionts associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility, a potential mechanism to drive transgenic traits into Anopheles populations for malaria control. W. pipientis infections are common in many mosquito genera but have never been observed in any Anopheles species, leading to the hypothesis that Anopheles mosquitoes are incapable of harboring infection. We used an in vitro system to evaluate the ability of Anopheles gambiae cells to harbor diverse W. pipientis infections. We successfully established W. pipientis infections (strains wRi

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Dieme, Constentin, Yassina Bechah, Cristina Socolovschi, et al. "Transmission potential of Rickettsia felis infection by Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 26 (2015): 8088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413835112.

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A growing number of recent reports have implicated Rickettsia felis as a human pathogen, paralleling the increasing detection of R. felis in arthropod hosts across the globe, primarily in fleas. Here Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, the primary malarial vectors in sub-Saharan Africa, were fed with either blood meal infected with R. felis or infected cellular media administered in membrane feeding systems. In addition, a group of mosquitoes was fed on R. felis-infected BALB/c mice. The acquisition and persistence of R. felis in mosquitoes was demonstrated by quantitative PCR detection of the bacte

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Olkeba, Beekam Kebede, Peter L. M. Goethals, Pieter Boets, et al. "Mesocosm Experiments to Quantify Predation of Mosquito Larvae by Aquatic Predators to Determine Potential of Ecological Control of Malaria Vectors in Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (2021): 6904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136904.

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Malaria parasites are transmitted to humans by infectious female Anopheles mosquitoes. Chemical-insecticide-based mosquito control has been successful in reducing the burden of malaria. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and concerns about the effect of the chemicals on the environment, human health, and non-target organisms present a need for new or alternative vector control intervention tools. Biocontrol methods using aquatic invertebrate predators have emerged as a potential alternative and additional tool to control mosquito populations. Ecological control

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Jin, Chaoyang, Xiaoxia Ren, and Jason L. Rasgon. "The Virulent Wolbachia Strain wMelPop Efficiently Establishes Somatic Infections in the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (2009): 3373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00207-09.

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ABSTRACT Wolbachia pipientis bacteria are maternally inherited endosymbionts that are of interest to control the Anopheles mosquito vectors of malaria. Wolbachia does not infect Anopheles mosquitoes in nature, although cultured Anopheles cells can be infected. Here, we show that the virulent Wolbachia strain wMelPop can survive and replicate when injected into female Anopheles gambiae adults, but the somatic infections established are avirulent. These in vivo data suggest that stable Wolbachia infections of Anopheles may be possible.

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Oyewole, I. O., C. A. Ibidapo, O. O. Okwa, et al. "Species Composition and Role of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Malaria Transmission Along Badagry Axis of Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria." International Journal of Insect Science 2 (January 2010): IJIS.S4698. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijis.s4698.

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Three communities along Badagry axis of the Lagos lagoon were sampled for indoor resting Anopheles mosquitoes in order to determine their species composition, relative abundance, density and contribution to malaria transmission in the coastal ecosystem. A total of 1938 adult female Anopheles mosquitoes collected from 2005 to 2007 constituted three species viz Anopheles gambiae, An melas and An. nili. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)–-based tests indicated that more than three-fourth of the An. gambiae s.l (75.8%) population belongs to An. gambiae s.s the remaining were An. melas. Further an

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Getaneh, Abel, Mulat Yimer, Megbaru Alemu, Zelalem Dejazmach, Michael Alehegn, and Banchamlak Tegegne. "Species Composition, Parous Rate, and Infection Rate of Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 4 (2021): 1874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab034.

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Abstract Anopheles mosquitoes are the main vectors of malaria. There is little information on the current entomological aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes in Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevailing species composition, parous rate, and infection rate of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Bahir Dar city administration. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January through July 2020. For this, six Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps (three traps indoor and three traps outdoor) were used to collect adult f

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Thomas, Christopher J., Dónall E. Cross, and Claus Bøgh. "Landscape Movements of Anopheles gambiae Malaria Vector Mosquitoes in Rural Gambia." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (2013): e68679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068679.

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Djamouko-Djonkam, Landre, Diane Leslie Nkahe, Edmond Kopya, et al. "Implication of Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon." Parasite 27 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020005.

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The contribution of Anopheles funestus to malaria transmission in the urban environment is still not well documented. The present study assesses the implication of An. funestus in malaria transmission in two districts, Nsam and Mendong, in the city of Yaoundé. Adult mosquitoes were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and human landing catches from April 2017 to March 2018 and were identified morphologically to the species level. Those belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex and to the Anopheles funestus group were further processed by PC

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Doumbe-Belisse, Patricia, Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu, Nadege Sonhafouo-Chiana, et al. "High malaria transmission sustained by Anopheles gambiae s.l. occurring both indoors and outdoors in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon." Wellcome Open Research 3 (December 23, 2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14963.1.

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Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Cameroon; however, despite reports on the adaptation of anopheline species to urban habitats, there is still not enough information on malaria transmission pattern in urban settings. In the frame of a larval control trial in the city of Yaoundé, we conducted baseline surveys to assess malaria transmission dynamics in this city. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using CDC light traps and human landing catches from March 2017 to March 2018 in 30 districts of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Mosquitoes were sorted by genus

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Yakob, Laith. "Epidemiological consequences of a newly discovered cryptic subgroup of Anopheles gambiae." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (2011): 947–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0453.

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A cryptic subgroup of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes was recently discovered in West Africa. This ‘GOUNDRY’ subgroup has increased susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum , the most deadly form of malaria. Unusual for this major malaria vector, GOUNDRY mosquitoes also seem to bite exclusively outdoors. A mathematical model is developed to assess the epidemiological implications of current vector control tools, bednets and indoor residual spray, preferentially suppressing the more typical indoor biting mosquitoes. It is demonstrated that even if the GOUNDRY mosquitoes have a decreas

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González Jiménez, Mario, Simon A. Babayan, Pegah Khazaeli, et al. "Prediction of mosquito species and population age structure using mid-infrared spectroscopy and supervised machine learning." Wellcome Open Research 4 (May 1, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15201.1.

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Despite the global efforts made in the fight against malaria, the disease is resurging. One of the main causes is the resistance that Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of the disease, have developed to insecticides. Anopheles must survive for at least 10 days to possibly transmit malaria. Therefore, to evaluate and improve malaria vector control interventions, it is imperative to monitor and accurately estimate the age distribution of mosquito populations as well as their population sizes. Here, we demonstrate a machine-learning based approach that uses mid-infrared spectra of mosquitoes to charac

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González Jiménez, Mario, Simon A. Babayan, Pegah Khazaeli, et al. "Prediction of mosquito species and population age structure using mid-infrared spectroscopy and supervised machine learning." Wellcome Open Research 4 (August 7, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15201.2.

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Despite the global efforts made in the fight against malaria, the disease is resurging. One of the main causes is the resistance that Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of the disease, have developed to insecticides. Anopheles must survive for at least 10 days to possibly transmit malaria. Therefore, to evaluate and improve malaria vector control interventions, it is imperative to monitor and accurately estimate the age distribution of mosquito populations as well as their population sizes. Here, we demonstrate a machine-learning based approach that uses mid-infrared spectra of mosquitoes to charac

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González Jiménez, Mario, Simon A. Babayan, Pegah Khazaeli, et al. "Prediction of mosquito species and population age structure using mid-infrared spectroscopy and supervised machine learning." Wellcome Open Research 4 (September 16, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15201.3.

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Despite the global efforts made in the fight against malaria, the disease is resurging. One of the main causes is the resistance that Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of the disease, have developed to insecticides. Anopheles must survive for at least 10 days to possibly transmit malaria. Therefore, to evaluate and improve malaria vector control interventions, it is imperative to monitor and accurately estimate the age distribution of mosquito populations as well as their population sizes. Here, we demonstrate a machine-learning based approach that uses mid-infrared spectra of mosquitoes to charac

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Abiodun, Gbenga J., Peter Witbooi, and Kazeem O. Okosun. "Modeling and analyzing the impact of temperature and rainfall on mosquito population dynamics over Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 04 (2017): 1750055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500553.

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Malaria parasites are strongly dependent on Anopheles mosquitoes for transmission; for this reason, mosquito population dynamics are a crucial determinant of malaria risk. However, temperature and rainfall play a significant role in both aquatic and adult stages of the Anopheles. Consequently, it is important to understand the biology of malaria vector mosquitoes in the study of malaria transmission. In this study, we develop a climate-based, ordinary-differential-equation model to analyze how rainfall and temperature determine mosquito population size. In the model, we consider in detail the

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Daniel, I. J., E. Innocent, J. Sempombe, V. Mugoyela, and T. Fossen. "Isolation and Characterization of Larvicidal Phenolic Acids from Kotschya thymodora Leaves." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 8 (2020): 1483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i8.26.

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Malaria is a vector borne disease responsible for high morbidity, mortality and poverty in many tropical and subtropical countries. The disease is transmitted through a bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito, amongst which Anopheles gambiae s.s serves as the most prevalent vector. The control of An. gambiae s.s population can therefore lead to a reduction in malaria spreading. Previous studies have reported the crude extracts of Kotschya thymodora to be active against the larvae of An. gambiae s.s and Culex quinquefasciatus. In this report the phytochemical study on the crude aqueous

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Rodrigues, Janneth, Fábio André Brayner, Luiz Carlos Alves, Rajnikant Dixit, and Carolina Barillas-Mury. "Hemocyte Differentiation Mediates Innate Immune Memory in Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes." Science 329, no. 5997 (2010): 1353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1190689.

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Mosquito midgut invasion by ookinetes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium disrupts the barriers that normally prevent the gut microbiota from coming in direct contact with epithelial cells. This triggers a long-lived response characterized by increased abundance of granulocytes, a subpopulation of hemocytes that circulates in the insect’s hemocoel, and enhanced immunity to bacteria that indirectly reduces survival of Plasmodium parasites upon reinfection. In mosquitoes, differentiation of hemocytes was necessary and sufficient to confer innate immune memory.

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Mishchenko, Andrey Vladimirovich, and Elena Aleksandrovna Artemyeva. "Birds as a food base for mosquitoes – carriers of the causative agent of tropical malaria." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 1 (2021): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021101117.

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The paper discusses the food supply of the vector of malaria mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, which are birds of tropical regions of West Africa. Birds, as distant migrants, penetrate high latitudes and contribute to the spread of malaria in Europe and other countries of the northern hemisphere. The results of the studies show that the main role in the choice of prey objects by female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes birds is played by the nesting and forage biotopes of birds, which are comfortable for mosquito breeding. Probably, female mosquitoes use non-feathered parts of the body of adult bi

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Russell, Tanya L., Dickson W. Lwetoijera, Bart G. J. Knols, Willem Takken, Gerry F. Killeen, and Heather M. Ferguson. "Linking individual phenotype to density-dependent population growth: the influence of body size on the population dynamics of malaria vectors." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1721 (2011): 3142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0153.

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Understanding the endogenous factors that drive the population dynamics of malaria mosquitoes will facilitate more accurate predictions about vector control effectiveness and our ability to destabilize the growth of either low- or high-density insect populations. We assessed whether variation in phenotypic traits predict the dynamics of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes, the most important vectors of human malaria. Anopheles gambiae dynamics were monitored over a six-month period of seasonal growth and decline. The population exhibited density-dependent feedback, with the carrying capaci

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Elanga-Ndille, Emmanuel, Lynda Nouage, Achille Binyang, et al. "Overexpression of Two Members of D7 Salivary Genes Family is Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles Funestus s.s. but Not in Anopheles Gambiae in Cameroon." Genes 10, no. 3 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10030211.

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D7 family proteins are among the most expressed salivary proteins in mosquitoes. They facilitate blood meal intake of the mosquito by scavenging host amines that induce vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and pain. Despite this important role, little information is available on the impact of insecticide resistance on the regulation of D7 proteins and consequently on the blood feeding success. In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were performed to investigate how pyrethroid resistance could influence the expression of genes encoding D7 family protei

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Barik, Tapan K., Yasutsugu Suzuki, and Jason L. Rasgon. "Factors influencing infection and transmission ofAnopheles gambiaedensovirus (AgDNV) in mosquitoes." PeerJ 4 (November 9, 2016): e2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2691.

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Anopheles gambiaedensovirus (AgDNV) is a potential microbial agent for paratransgenesis and gene transduction inAn. gambiae, the major vector of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the interaction between AgDNV andAn. gambiaeis critical for using AgDNV in a basic and applied manner forAnophelesgene manipulation. Here, we tested the effects of mosquito age, sex, blood feeding status, and potential for horizontal transmission using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter AgDNV system. Neither mosquito age at infection nor feeding regime affected viral titers. Female

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Kweka, Eliningaya J., Humphrey D. Mazigo, Lucile J. Lyaruu, et al. "Anopheline Mosquito Species Composition, Kdr Mutation Frequency, and Parasite Infectivity Status in Northern Tanzania." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 3 (2020): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz245.

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Abstract The scaling-up of malaria control interventions in northern Tanzania has resulted in a decline in malaria prevalence and vector species composition. Despite this achievement, residual malaria transmission remains a concern in the area. The main aim of this study was to investigate malaria vector species composition, parasite infectivity rates, and the presence of insecticide knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in three sites that have experienced a significant decline in malaria in northern Tanzania. Adult mosquitoes were sampled using light traps in houses and hand-aspirators in cow

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Fuseini, Godwin, Raul Ncogo Nguema, Wonder P. Phiri, et al. "Increased Biting Rate of Insecticide-Resistant Culex Mosquitoes and Community Adherence to IRS for Malaria Control in Urban Malabo, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 4 (2019): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz025.

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Abstract Sustaining high levels of indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage (≥85%) for community protection against malaria remains a challenge for IRS campaigns. We examined biting rates and insecticide resistance in Culex species and Anopheles gambiae s.l., and their potential effect on community adherence to IRS. The average IRS coverage in urban Malabo between 2015 and 2017 remained at 80%. Culex biting rate increased 6.0-fold (P &lt; 0.001) between 2014 and 2017, reaching 8.08 bites per person per night, whereas that of An. gambiae s.l. remained steady at around 0.68. Although An. gamb

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Kaindoa, Emmanuel W., Halfan S. Ngowo, Alex Limwagu, et al. "New evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Tanzania." Wellcome Open Research 2 (September 22, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12458.1.

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Background: Malaria mosquitoes form mating swarms around sunset, often at the same locations for months or years. Unfortunately, studies of Anopheles swarms are rare in East Africa, the last recorded field observations in Tanzania having been in 1983. Methods: Mosquito swarms were surveyed by trained volunteers between August-2016 and June-2017 in Ulanga district, Tanzania. Identified Anopheles swarms were sampled using sweep nets, and collected mosquitoes killed by refrigeration then identified by sex and taxa. Sub-samples were further identified by PCR, and spermatheca of females examined fo

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Balabanidou, Vasileia, Mary Kefi, Michalis Aivaliotis, et al. "Mosquitoes cloak their legs to resist insecticides." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1907 (2019): 20191091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1091.

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Malaria incidence has halved since the year 2000, with 80% of the reduction attributable to the use of insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is now widespread, is rapidly increasing in spectrum and intensity across Africa, and may be contributing to the increase of malaria incidence in 2018. The role of detoxification enzymes and target site mutations has been documented in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae ; however, the emergence of striking resistant phenotypes suggests the occurrence of additional mechanisms. By comparing legs, the most relevant insect tissue for insectici

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Lavazec, C., C. Boudin, R. Lacroix, et al. "Carboxypeptidases B of Anopheles gambiae as Targets for a Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 4 (2007): 1635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00864-06.

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ABSTRACT Anopheles gambiae is the major African vector of Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of human malaria parasite and the most prevalent in Africa. Several strategies are being developed to limit the global impact of malaria via reducing transmission rates, among which are transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs), which induce in the vertebrate host the production of antibodies that inhibit parasite development in the mosquito midgut. So far, the most promising components of a TBV are parasite-derived antigens, although targeting critical mosquito components might also successful

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O’Meara, Wendy Prudhomme, Ryan Simmons, Paige Bullins, et al. "Mosquito Exposure and Malaria Morbidity: A Microlevel Analysis of Household Mosquito Populations and Malaria in a Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort in Western Kenya." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 7 (2019): 1176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz561.

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Abstract Background Malaria morbidity is highly overdispersed in the population. Fine-scale differences in mosquito exposure may partially explain this heterogeneity in individual malaria outcomes. Methods In 38 households we explored the effect of household-level mosquito exposure and individual insecticide-treated net (ITN) use on relative risk (RR) of confirmed malaria. We conducted monthly active surveillance (n = 254; 2624 person-months) and weekly mosquito collection (2092 household-days of collection), and used molecular techniques to confirm human blood feeding and exposure to infectio

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Sharower, MG, MA Latif, and SM Uddin. "Temporal Distribution and Abundance of Mosquito Vectors in Dhaka City." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 46, no. 1 (2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v46i1.54226.

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Species of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes showed that Anopheles gambiae s.s had the highest number (43.5%) out of the three malaria vectors (viz. Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis and An. funestus). For Aedes and Culex species, Aedes aegypti (37.6%) and Culex fatigans (37.1%) had the highest prevalence out of their sibling species. Temperature and rainfall were highly correlated with the abundance of mosquito vectors. It was observed that the rainy season (March to October) recorded the highest number (Total 11 specie) of mosquito vectors collected with the peak (Aedes aegypty, 140) in

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Nour, Mai M., Mariam Atta Elmannan Aboud, and Nahla Osman Mohamed Ali. "Morphological Identification, Species Composition and Distribution of Mosquitoes in Kosti region, White Nile State, Central Sudan." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 1 (2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v6i1.463.

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Mosquitoes are a large diverse group of insects, with members being most important as vectors of diseases. The correct identification of mosquitoes is crucial to the control of the mosquito-borne diseases. This study was designed to provide baseline data on the species composition and distribution of members of the Anophelines and Culicines genera in ten selected localities in Kosti region, White Nile State, Central Sudan. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to select collection sites. Adult mosquitoes were collected by pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) from randomly selected houses in Allia, A

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Edith, Ilboudo-Sanogo, Tiono B. Alfred, Sagnon N′falé, Cuzin Ouattara Nadine, Nébié Issa, and Sirima Sodiomon B. "Temporal Dynamics of Malaria Transmission in Two Rural Areas of Burkina Faso With Two Ecological Differences." Journal of Medical Entomology 47, no. 4 (2010): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/47.4.618.

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Abstract To determine the relationship between malaria transmission intensity, clinical malaria, immune response, plasmodic index, and to furthermore characterize a malaria vaccine trial site for potential malaria vaccines candidate testing, a study was conducted in Tensobtenga and Balonguen, two villages in Burkina Faso characterized by different malaria transmission levels. The study villages are located in a Sudan savanna area. Malaria transmission is seasonal and peaks in September in these villages. Tensobtenga and Balonguen are comparables in all aspects, except the presence of an artifi

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Sharma, Atashi, Nicholas A. Kinney, Vladimir A. Timoshevskiy, Maria V. Sharakhova, and Igor V. Sharakhov. "Structural Variation of the X Chromosome Heterochromatin in the Anopheles gambiae Complex." Genes 11, no. 3 (2020): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030327.

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Heterochromatin is identified as a potential factor driving diversification of species. To understand the magnitude of heterochromatin variation within the Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria mosquitoes, we analyzed metaphase chromosomes in An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii, An. gambiae, An. merus, and An. quadriannulatus. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA (rDNA), a highly repetitive fraction of DNA, and heterochromatic Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones, we established the correspondence of pericentric heterochromatin between the metaphase and polytene X

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Nazaire Aïzoun. "Anopheles gambiae s. l. larval control: An important method for malaria control." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (2021): 027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.3.0043.

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The current study aimed to investigate on the control tools against larvae and adults of Anopheles gambiae s. l. and then explore the detoxification enzymes mechanisms conferring permethrin tolerance in Anopheles gambiae s. l. larvae in Benin. Larvae and pupae were collected from March to July and August to November 2018 during the rainy season in Bopa district in Mono department in south-western Benin, West Africa. Larval bioassays were performed on these collected Anopheles gambiae s. l. larvae using permethrin as larvicide and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as enzyme inhibitor or synerg

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Braack, Leo, Riana Bornman, Taneshka Kruger, et al. "Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114125.

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Despite the annual implementation of a robust and extensive indoor residual spraying programme against malaria vectors in Limpopo Province (South Africa), significant transmission continues and is a serious impediment to South Africa’s malaria elimination objectives. In order to gain a better understanding regarding possible causes of this residual malaria, we conducted a literature review of the historical species composition and abundance of malaria vector mosquitoes in the Limpopo River Valley region of the Vhembe District, northern Limpopo Province, the region with the highest remaining an

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Lyimo, E. O., and J. C. Koella. "Relationship between body size of adult Anopheles gambiae s.l. and infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Parasitology 104, no. 2 (1992): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000061667.

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SUMMARYThe influence of adult female body size of Anopheles gambiae s.l. on development of midgut and salivary gland infections by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum was investigated in a field study carried out in Tanzania. The proportion of mosquitoes infected during a blood meal was independent of size. However, the number of oocysts harboured by infected mosquitoes increased with size of the mosquito. The proportion of mosquitoes with sporozoites, and thus potentially infective to humans, was highest in intermediate-sized mosquitoes, whereas the largest and smallest mosquitoes were less li

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Fodjo, Behi Kouadio, Alida Kropf, Marius Gonse Zoh, et al. "Impact of sublethal pyrethroid exposure on resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes’ fitness." Wellcome Open Research 6 (August 9, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17074.1.

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Background: There is increasing evidence of insecticide resistance spreading among wild mosquito populations, which is widely believed to compromise vector control once it reaches a threshold that enables mosquitoes to survive exposure to long lasting treated bed-net (LLIN) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, very little is known about the long-term impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission, which makes the consequence of insecticide resistance spreading difficult to predict. Methods: To gain more clarity, we have assessed four life-history traits of a resistant Anophele

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Teklu, B. M., H. Tekie, M. McCartney, and S. Kibret. "The effect of physical water quality and water level changes on the occurrence and density of <i>Anopheles</i> mosquito larvae around the shoreline of the Koka reservoir, central Ethiopia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 12 (2010): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2595-2010.

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Abstract. Entomological studies to determine the effect of the physical characteristics of mosquito larval breeding water bodies and reservoir water level changes on the occurrence of Anopheles mosquito larvae were conducted in two villages at Koka reservoir in central Ethiopia between August and December 2007. Of the two study villages, Ejersa is located close to the reservoir, and Kuma is 5 km away from it. Data on the type, number and physical characteristics of Anopheles larval breeding habitat, species composition and densities of anopheles mosquitoes in and around the study villages were

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Assouho, Konan F., Akré M. Adja, Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly, et al. "Vectorial Transmission of Malaria in Major Districts of Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 3 (2019): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz207.

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Abstract To better understand the influence of periodic mass distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) on malaria transmission, a 1-yr entomological survey was conducted in three major districts of Côte d’Ivoire. Mosquitoes were sampled by Human Landing Catches (HLC) in urban and rural areas of San Pedro and Abidjan (coastal), and in Yamoussoukro (central). Mosquitoes were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CSP) indices were measured by ELISA, and the Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIR) were calculated for each specie

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Foy, B. D., T. Magalhaes, W. E. Injera, et al. "Induction of Mosquitocidal Activity in Mice Immunized with Anopheles gambiae Midgut cDNA." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 4 (2003): 2032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.4.2032-2040.2003.

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ABSTRACT Vaccines that induce mosquito-killing (mosquitocidal) activity could substantially reduce the transmission of certain mosquito-borne diseases, especially vaccines against African malaria vectors, such as the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. To generate and characterize antimosquito immunity we immunized groups of mice with two individual A. gambiae midgut cDNAs, Ag-Aper1 (a secreted peritrophic matrix protein) and AgMuc1 (a midgut-bound mucin), and an A. gambiae midgut cDNA library from blood-fed mosquitoes. We observed significantly increased mortality among mosquitoes that fed on either

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Githinji, Edward K., Lucy W. Irungu, Paul N. Ndegwa, et al. "Species Composition, Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Levels in Major Malaria Vectors in Teso North and Teso South Subcounties in Busia County, Western Kenya." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (January 25, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3560310.

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Introduction. Knockdown resistance (kdr) is strongly linked to pyrethroid insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Africa, which may have vital significance to the current increased use of pyrethroid-treated bed net programmes. The study is aimed at determining species composition, levels of insecticide resistance, and knockdown patterns in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in areas with and areas without insecticide resistance in Teso North and Teso South subcounties, Western Kenya. Materials and Methods. For WHO vulnerability tests, mosquito larvae were sampled using a dipper, reared into 3

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Gomes, Fabio M., Bretta L. Hixson, Miles D. W. Tyner, et al. "Effect of naturally occurring Wolbachia in Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes from Mali on Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (2017): 12566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716181114.

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A naturally occurring Wolbachia strain (wAnga-Mali) was identified in mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected in the Malian villages of Dangassa and Kenieroba. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of two 16S rRNA regions showed that wAnga-Mali clusters with Wolbachia strains from supergroup A and has the highest homology to a Wolbachia strain isolated from cat fleas (Ctenocephalides). wAnga-Mali is different from two Wolbachia strains previously reported in A. gambiae from Burkina Faso (wAnga_VK5_STP and wAnga_VK5_3.1a). Quantitative analysis of Wolbachia and Plasmodi

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Udujih Helen Ifeoma, Dike-Ndudim Joy Nkiru, Udujih, Obinna Godwin, et al. "Prevalence, intensity and vector dynamics of malaria in Anambra east local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (2021): 073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.2.0041.

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The prevalence, intensity and some vector dynamics of malaria in two communities of Anambra East Local Government Area LGA was carried out using standard parasitological and entomological techniques for rapid assessment of malaria infection, level of parasitaemia and morphological features of mosquitoes. Results showed an overall malaria RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) prevalence of 22% and community based prevalence of 13 (30%) and 22(24%) for Umuoba -Anam and Nando respectively. Overall, age related prevalence in the Anambra West LGA showed that the age bracket 35 to 42 years had the highest mal

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Philbert, Anitha. "Larvicidal potency of Dioscorea sansibarensis leaf extract against vector mosquitoes: Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Culex quinquefasciatus." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 2 (2021): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i2.21.

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Mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of illnesses of public health importance including malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, and many other diseases caused by viruses. Vector control using synthetic insecticides has been the cornerstone for management of vector-borne diseases. However, the chemical based interventions have not been sustainable due to emergency of resistance against insecticides among disease vectors. Plant based mosquitocidal products can be potential alternative tools in vector control. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring the larvicidal prope

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Dike-Ndudim Joy Nkeiruka, Udujih Helen Ifeoma, Anikwo Emeka Simon, et al. "Prevalence, intensity and some vector dynamics of malaria in Ogbaru local government area of Anambara State, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (2020): 074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0374.

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A study on the prevalence, intensity and some vector dynamics of malaria was carried out in Ogbaru Local Government Area of Anambra State using standard parasitological and entomological techniques for rapid assessment of malaria infection, level of parasitaemia and morphological features of mosquitoes. The results showed an overall malaria RDT prevalence of 20% and community based prevalence of 13 (16.0%) and 22(24%) for Odekpe and Ogbakuba respectively. In Odekpe, the age range (1-7 years) had the highest prevalence while in Ogbakuba the highest prevalence was the age range 7-14 years. Overa

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Charlwood, J. D., T. Smith, J. Kihonda, B. Heiz, P. F. Billingsley, and W. Takken. "Density independent feeding success of malaria vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tanzania." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 1 (1995): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300051981.

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AbstractThe possibility of density dependent feeding success in the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae Giles (sensu lato) and A. funestus Giles was investigated by examining the gonotrophic status of mosquitoes from 423 collections made in a Tanzanian village. Up to 500 mosquitoes were caught in any single 35 minute indoor resting collection. Estimates of the total numbers of mosquitoes resting were made by removal sampling. These indicated that the efficiency of resting collections decreased with increasing mosquito population. Of 1904 mosquito blood meals tested by ELISA, 95% were of

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