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Journal articles on the topic 'Area of trees'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Qolbi, Putri Sifaul, Rizli Alfian, and Dian Kartika Santoso. "Redesain Penataan Pohon Pada Rest Area Jalibar Desa Oro Oro Ombo, Kota Batu." ATRIUM: Jurnal Arsitektur 10, no. 1 (2024): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v10i1.258.

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Title: Redesign of Tree Arrangement in Jalibar Rest Area, Oro Oro Ombo Village, Batu City The Jalibar Rest Area is one of the tourist support facilities in Oro Oro Ombo Village. However, this rest area does not yet have a good green planning plan, even though one of the supporting comfort areas in the rest area is the proper arrangement of trees. This research identifies existing tree species and analyzes their functions, evaluates tree arrangements, and recommends tree arrangements based on their function and planting location. The research was conducted in the Jalibar Rest Area in Oro Oro Om

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2

Muslih, A. M., N. E. Hidayat, T. Arlita, A. Farida, I. Dewiyanti, and A. Sugara. "Mapping the tree damage index: A case study on the green lane in the urban area of Banda Aceh City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (2024): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012046.

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Abstract Climate change mitigation efforts implemented by the Government of Banda Aceh by building green lanes with trees. The level of the tree’s ability to absorb carbon is highly correlated with the vitality of the tree itself. The health status of a tree can be known by the tree’s damage level. The aim of the research is to provide information on how much damage to trees and the degree of severity. The research was carried out on green lanes on urban streets in Banda Aceh City as many as 8 lines. The object of research is vegetation with the tree growth phase category, and tree damage inde

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3

Gartner, Barbara L., Jeffrey J. Morrell, Camille M. Freitag, and Rachel Spicer. "Heartwood decay resistance by vertical and radial position in Douglas-fir trees from a young stand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 12 (1999): 1993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-166.

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Heartwood durability of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied as a function of vertical and radial position in boles of trees with a wide range of leaf area/sapwood area ratios. Six 34-year-old trees were harvested from each of three plots established 14 years before: very dense, thinned, and thinned and fertilized. Heartwood samples from three radial positions and five heights were incubated with the decay fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Larsen et Lombard. There were no significant differences in wood mass loss (decay resistance) by vertical or radial p

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4

Keane, M. G., and G. F. Weetman. "Leaf area – sapwood cross-sectional area relationships in repressed stands of lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 3 (1987): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-036.

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To better understand the phenomenon of growth "stagnation" in high-density lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.), leaf area and its relationship with sapwood cross-sectional area were examined on both an individual tree and stand basis. Leaf areas of individual trees in a 22-year-old stand varied from 30.8 m2 (dominants in stands of low stocking) to 0.05 m2 (suppressed trees in stands of high stocking). Leaf area indices ranged from 13.4 to 2.3 m2 m−2 between low and high stocking levels, respectively. Over the same stocking range, the ratio of leaf area to sapwood cross-sectional are

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5

Larsen, Kai. "Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda area." Nordic Journal of Botany 16, no. 3 (1996): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1996.tb00223.x.

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6

Weisser, Florian. "Efficacious trees and the politics of forestation in Uganda." Area 47, no. 3 (2015): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12203.

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7

Weisser, Florian. "Efficacious trees and the politics of forestation in Uganda." Area 47, no. 4 (2015): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12239.

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8

Sellin, Arne. "Sapwood–heartwood proportion related to tree diameter, age, and growth rate in Piceaabies." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (1994): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-133.

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The relationships of sapwood radial width and transverse area to tree diameter, age, and growth rate were investigated in Piceaabies (L.) Karst. A total of 125 trees growing with (suppressed trees) and without (dominant trees) competition for light were sampled. Both sapwood and heartwood amounts showed an increase with diameter at the stem base, with the heartwood portion increasing more rapidly. In young trees sapwood prevails both in terms of diameter and transverse area. After trees have reached a certain age, the width of the sapwood band remains more or less constant (on average 7.8 cm f

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9

Wu, Dan, Stuart Phinn, Kasper Johansen, Andrew Robson, Jasmine Muir, and Christopher Searle. "Estimating Changes in Leaf Area, Leaf Area Density, and Vertical Leaf Area Profile for Mango, Avocado, and Macadamia Tree Crowns Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (2018): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111750.

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Vegetation metrics, such as leaf area (LA), leaf area density (LAD), and vertical leaf area profile, are essential measures of tree-scale biophysical processes associated with photosynthetic capacity, and canopy geometry. However, there are limited published investigations of their use for horticultural tree crops. This study evaluated the ability of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for measuring LA, LAD, and vertical leaf area profile across two mango, macadamia and avocado trees using discrete return data from a RIEGL VZ-400 Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) system. These data were collect

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10

Schröder, Jörg, and Klaus von Gadow. "Testing a new competition index for Maritime pine in northwestern Spain." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 2 (1999): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-199.

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A distance-independent competition index is derived from the basal area in larger trees (BAL) index combining individual tree's basal area percentiles with a relative-spacing stand-density measure. Empirical increment data from Maritime pine trees (Pinus pinaster Ait.) sampled from regular, naturally regenerated stands in the province of Pontevedra, northwestern Spain, are used to compare the performance of the two competition indices in the context of basal area growth modelling. The basal area increment of individual trees was first predicted exclusively as a response to competition using a

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11

Bilgili, Ertugrul, Kadir Alperen Coskuner, and Murat Ozturk. "Leaf area – sapwood area relationship in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) infection." Dendrobiology 84 (November 9, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/denbio.084.001.

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Leaf area is linearly correlated with sapwood area in trees. The linearity of this relationship can be affected by some biotic and abiotic factors. Mistletoes are hemi parasitic plants that take up water and mineral nutrients from their hosts and affect host physiological responses. There is no conclusive evidence to show the effect of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) on leaf area and sapwood area relationship in Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) at tree level. The aim of this study is to determine and quantify the effect of pine mistletoe on the structural variation of leaf

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12

., Istomo, and Rendra Piscestria Nugraha. "PERKEMBANGAN TEGAKAN SETELAH PENEBANGAN DI AREAL IUPHHK-HA PT. BARITO PUTERA, KALIMANTAN TENGAH Growth Development of Logged-Over Stand in the IUPHHK-HA Area of PT. Barito Putera, Central Kalimantan." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, no. 1 (2017): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.69-77.

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Logging activity is one of the factors which changes the structure of forest stand. The objective of this study was to determine the species composition and development of forest stand structure in the IUPHHK-HA area of PT. Barito Putera, Central Kalimantan, especially on the logged over area (LOA) of year 2002, 2007, 2012, and also on the pre-logged area of year 2014 as a comparison (primary forest). Based on observations which have been made, species Shorea leprosula were dominant with different rates of growth in each observation area. Growth development of the stand on logged over area can

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13

Duchesne, Louis, Rock Ouimet, and Claude Morneau. "Assessment of sugar maple health based on basal area growth pattern." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 11 (2003): 2074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-141.

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The first tree health decline symptoms usually observed are foliar deficiency symptoms, foliage loss, and dieback. To improve the subjective nature and unspecificity of these assessments, we examined sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) radial growth and health to develop an indicator of sugar maple tree health status based on radial growth pattern. We used the basal area increment (BAI) of 328 tree-ring collections from 16 sites located in southern Quebec, throughout the sugarbush natural range, that were categorized by defoliation class. BAI of trees with decline symptoms was significantly lo

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14

West, PW, and DA Ratkowsky. "Models Relating Individual Tree Basal Area Growth Rates to Tree Basal Areas in Even-Aged, Monoculture Forest Stands." Journal of Forests 9, no. 1 (2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/jof.v9i1.2999.

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As trees grow larger in even-aged, monoculture forests, stand density increases, taller trees shade smaller trees and a group of smaller, suppressed trees develops that may show little or no growth. Subsequent mortality is most common from this group. This work compares three models that may describe well the relationship between individual tree basal area growth rates and tree basal areas in a forest stand when a suppressed group of trees is present or not. The models are tested using a large collection of data from permanent sample plots in blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis Smith) forests in s

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15

Mondal, Debajyoti, Rahnuma Islam Nishat, Md Saidur Rahman, and Muhammad Jawaherul Alam. "Minimum-Area Drawings of Plane 3-Trees." Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 15, no. 2 (2011): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00222.

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16

Fujisawa, Jun, Akira Saito, and Ingo Schiermeyer. "Closure for spanning trees and distant area." Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory 31, no. 1 (2011): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7151/dmgt.1534.

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17

Poracsky, Joseph, and Mark Scott. "Industrial-Area Street Trees in Portland, Oregon." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 25, no. 1 (1999): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1999.002.

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Industrial-area trees have, with few exceptions, been neglected by the research community as well as by urban forestry management programs. A recent project in Portland, Oregon, provides both some data and a program model that easily could be replicated in other communities. An inventory of the Northwest Industrial Neighborhood Association (NINA) district identified 966 street trees and 1,140 unplanted/potential street tree sites, for a stocking level of 46%. While this figure is low relative to most other segments of the urban forest, it was received optimistically because it was higher than

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18

Crescenzi, P., P. Penna, and A. Piperno. "Linear area upward drawings of AVL trees." Computational Geometry 9, no. 1-2 (1998): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-7721(97)00013-8.

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19

Kant, Goos, Giuseppe Liotta, Roberto Tamassia, and Ioannis G. Tollis. "Area requirement of visibility representations of trees." Information Processing Letters 62, no. 2 (1997): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0190(97)00048-3.

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20

Margolis, Hank A., Robert R. Gagnon, David Pothier, and Marius Pineau. "The adjustment of growth, sapwood area, heartwood area, and sapwood saturated permeability of balsam fir after different intensities of pruning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 6 (1988): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-110.

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Balsam fir trees established from advanced regeneration following a clear-cut in 1970 were pruned in June 1985 to live crown ratios of 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 compared with control trees, which had live crown ratios of 0.8. After two growing seasons, we investigated the homeostatic adjustment of these trees to the loss of their foliage. The height growth, basal area growth, sapwood cross-sectional area, heartwood area, and sapwood saturated permeability of the trees that were pruned to a 0.6 live crown ratio were not significantly different from those of the controls. On the other hand, height growt

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21

Makarenko, Andrey V. "Effective Positioning in Cutting Area of a Harvester Using Computer Modelling." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-120-135.

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An improvement of methods and models for preliminary estimation of the performance of harvesters in timber production intends to support better justification of the use of certain harvester types and technologies for specific natural and production conditions. It is possible to increase the accuracy of calculation models with a more complete and realistic description of the production environment and operational processes. The article presents a modelling of the harvester’s movements across cutting areas for selecting a position with the highest number of accessible trees. The investigational

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22

Morse, J. G., and C. A. Robertson. "Calculating Canopy Area of Citrus Trees and Surface Area of Fruits." Florida Entomologist 70, no. 1 (1987): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495103.

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23

Dean, T. J., and J. N. Long. "Variation in Sapwood Area-Leaf Area Relations Within Two Stands of Lodgepole Pine." Forest Science 32, no. 3 (1986): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.3.749.

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Abstract Within-stand variation of the ratio between sapwood cross-sectional area and leaf area was investigated for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) in northern Utah. For both a mature and a sapling stand, we analyzed the changes in sapwood-leaf area ratio with respect to canopy position and location along the bole, both within and below the live crown. Excluding suppressed trees, sapwood area at the base of the live crown (BLC) was linearly related to leaf area; however, the slope of the regression for the saplings was 40% greater than the slope for the mature trees. This difference wa

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24

Hasing, Gitta, Andrew K. Koeser, Gary W. Knox, and Melissa H. Friedman. "Ten Common Flowering Trees of the Tampa Bay Area." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ep505-2015.

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Blooming trees serve as key focal points in the urban landscape. Florida’s flowering trees can be quite spectacular and leave you wondering, Wow, what tree is that? This 7-page guide will assist you in identifying the 10 most common flowering trees that grow in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. It is an efficient resource for master gardeners, novice tree inventory crews, 4-H forestry teams, and others interested in basic flowering tree identification. Written by Gitta Hasing, Andrew K. Koeser, Gary W. Knox, and Melissa H. Friedman, and published by the Environmental Horticulture Department, Apri

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25

Guo, Tongye, Yang Zhao, Jiahao Yang, et al. "Effects of Tree Arrangement and Leaf Area Index on the Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Children’s Activity Space in Hot−Humid Areas." Buildings 13, no. 1 (2023): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010214.

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Hot−humid areas have long, hot summers and poor outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). The urban heat island (UHI) effect exacerbates the deterioration of OTC in hot−humid areas, seriously affecting the thermal safety of children’s outdoor activities. In this study, 60 scenes were simulated using ENVI−met based on different leaf area index (LAI) and planting arrangements to explore how tree LAI and planting arrangements affect the small−scale thermal environment during hot summer months and to assess OTC using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The research shows that (1) high LAI trees optim

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Ter-Mikaelian, Michael, and R. A. Lautenschlager. "Predictive equations for leaf area and biomass for sugar bushes in eastern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 4 (2001): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77643-4.

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In January 1998, an extensive ice storm caused severe damage to sugar bushes in Eastern Ontario. Foliage biomass and foliage area estimates were required to assess effects of the ice storm and remedial treatments on variables related to sugar maple production. Equations were developed to predict leaf biomass of undamaged individual sugar maple trees in the ice-damaged area. The data were collected in early to mid-August 2000 in eastern Ontario. Basal diameter of all third-order branches of 22 trees from two stands was measured, along with tree DBH, total height, and height to the base of live

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Yousef, Askari Hassan Jahanbazi Mehdi Pourhashemi. "Monitoring of the oak decline phenomenon and its impact on biomass and leaf area in the forest stand, Yasouj." Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 9, no. 2 (2025): 121–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15252950.

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Monitoring forest stands can provide valuable information to forest managers. This study shows the phenomenon of Persian oak decline in a 1-hectare plot. The study was performed over four years, and it was used to see the changes in leaf dieback, with all of the trees, a total of a hundred trees, were analyzed. Trees were classified into four dieback categories: healthy trees, trees with crown dieback, trees with less than 50% crown dieback, and trees and trees that had more than 50% crown dieback. Trees that had the dieback. Also, leaf area was monitored. In the first year of the study, 65% o

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Vendruscolo, Elisiane, Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon, and Rogério Bobrowski. "COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN FOREST SPECIES, SOIL AREA, AND ACCESSIBILITY ON SIDEWALKS." FLORESTA 53, no. 2 (2023): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v53i2.84028.

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The compatibility between the built environment and trees is also a challenge for urban planning. However, there are few guidelines related to the space for tree growth on sidewalks. This research aimed to analyze the space occupied by trees on sidewalks in the city of Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil. We used data from 400 trees of 10 species (dendrometric and qualitative variables) and from the urban structure (width of sidewalks and tree bed area) to analyze the relationship between the species according to the soil capacity and pedestrian’s accessibility. It was found that 90.25% of the tr

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29

Frati, Fabrizio, and Michael Kaufmann. "Polynomial area bounds for MST embeddings of trees." Computational Geometry 44, no. 9 (2011): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comgeo.2011.05.005.

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30

Palmer, J. W. "The measurement of leaf area in apple trees." Journal of Horticultural Science 62, no. 1 (1987): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1987.11515741.

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31

Angelocci, L. R., and C. Valancogne. "Leaf area and water flux in apple trees." Journal of Horticultural Science 68, no. 2 (1993): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1993.11516355.

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Koeser, Andrew K., Holly Finley, Gitta Hasing, Gary W. Knox, and Melissa H. Friedman. "Ten Common Conifers of the Tampa Bay Area." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ep508-2015.

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Conifers are cone-bearing trees often identified by their needles. In addition to their value as landscape trees and lumber and paper sources, they are popular around the holidays as Christmas trees. This 6-page guide will assist you in identifying the 10 most common conifers that grow in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. It is an efficient resource for master gardeners, novice tree inventory crews, 4-H forestry teams, and others interested in basic conifer identification. Written by Andrew K. Koeser, Holly Finley, Gitta Hasing, Gary W. Knox, and Melissa H. Friedman, and published by the Environm

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33

Bîlici, Inna. "Formarea suprafeței foliare la soiurile noi de măr în condițiile Republicii Moldova." Știința Agricolă, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884006.

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The research has been aimed to study the photosynthetic apparatus of five apple varieties recently introduced to culture in the Republic of Moldova: Gala Buckeye Simmons, Granny Smith, Red Velox, Golden Delicious Reinders and Fuji Kiku. The experiments were installed in the central area of the Republic of Moldova, in 4 random repetitions of 8 trees each one. The inter-row spacing was 3,2 m and the intra-row spacing – 0,8 m or 3900 trees/ha. The leaf area was examined separately on shoots, spurs and bourse shoots during vegetation, growth and growth-and-fruiting stages. The dynamics of le

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34

Kärenlampi, Petri P. "Mortality of Boreal Trees." Sustainability 16, no. 15 (2024): 6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16156370.

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A dataset collected from central South Finland was used to investigate the mortality of boreal trees. The mortality rate was found to be the order of three times that predicted by earlier Nordic mortality models, being in the upper range of international literature observations. Small subpopulations of any tree species tend to die out. The mortality of downy birch increases with stand basal area, as well as with stand age. The mortality of Norway spruce and silver birch increases after 100 years, while that of Scots pine is invariant to age. It is suspected that the high mortality of conifers

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Ewers, Frank W. "Xylem' Structure and Water Conduction in Conifer Trees, Dicot Trees, and Llanas." IAWA Journal 6, no. 4 (1985): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000959.

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Coniferous trees, dicotyledonous trees, and dicotyledonous lianas (woody vines) form interesting morphological contrasts in their xylem structure and function. Lianas have among the largest (up to 8 metres or more) and widest (up to 500 µm) vessels in the plant kingdom. In conifers the water transport occurs through tracheids, which are relatively inefficient in transport. We can compare disparate growth forms in terms of leaf-specific. conductivity (LSC), which is hydraulic conductivity per surface area of leaves supplied by a stem. LSC is inversely proportional to localised pressure potentia

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Olaniyi, Akeem O., Mercy Richard, Bulus Sule, George Yashim, and Mande K. Hosea. "Diversity of tree species in Kafanchan area of Kaduna State, Nigeria." Science World Journal 18, no. 3 (2023): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i3.22.

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This research assessed the diversity of trees in Kafanchan environs and investigated the perception of inhabitants to land use change and use of trees in Kafanchan environs, Kaduna State. Primary data on the field was collected by employing the plot count techniques by systematically and randomly selecting eleven plots within the study area, measuring a 100 by 100 meters plot (1.0 hectare) of each plot. All the trees species on the selected plots were enumerated. A total of 28 species were identified with 1851 number of individual of trees. Newbouldia laevis species had the highest number of s

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Osada, Noriyuki. "Branching, biomass distribution, and light capture efficiency in a pioneer tree, Rhus trichocarpa, in a secondary forest." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 12 (2005): 1590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-133.

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Crown architecture and biomass distribution patterns were investigated in relation to branching and tree size in a pioneer species, Rhus trichocarpa Miq. (Anacardiaceae), in a Japanese secondary forest. Crown architecture changed with tree size and with branching. Crown depth and area were greater in taller trees. In addition, branched trees had crowns of greater depth, and crown area increased more rapidly with increasing height in branched trees as compared with unbranched trees. In contrast, biomass distribution to nonphotosynthetic and photosynthetic organs changed only with tree size and

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38

Thompson, Dan C. "The effect of stand structure and stand density on the leaf area–sapwood area relationship of lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 3 (1989): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-061.

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The relationship of sapwood area to leaf area in lodgepole pine was examined across a variety of habitat types and stand densities in northwest Montana. No statistical differences were found between plots with regard to either habitat type or stand density. A nonlinear relationship was found between leaf area and sapwood area. Increasing amounts of sapwood were associated with a decrease in the leaf area–sapwood area ratio. A large amount of within-plot variation in the sapwood area–leaf area relationship was explained by differences between dominant trees and trees of other crown classes. Lea

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39

PHANTHVONG, Phitsanou. "Tree Species Diversity at Nampui National Protected Area, Namon Village, Thongmixai District, Xayabuly Province." Souphanouvong University Journal Multidisciplinary Research and Development 11, no. 1 (2025): 106–14. https://doi.org/10.69692/sujmrd1101106.

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Study tree species diversity at Nampui National Protected Area, Namon Village, Thongmixai District, Xayabuly Province in 2024 with its objectives were to access the tree species diversity The diameter of the big tree is more than 10 Centimeters, important diversity index and evenness index. The methodlology were reviewing theory and field survey. The field survey were used the Relvé to survey plant population (Rawat, 2008). as simples plot construction of totally 52 pllos of the area of 2.08 hectares of the area of 175.66 hectares 1.118 as lower than 3% according to (Reif, 2012). included size

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Auchmoody, L. R. "Evaluating growth responses to fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (1985): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-141.

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When fertilizers increase radial growth rates, they also increase the diameter of trees that will be used to compute future basal area responses. If the mean basal area growth per tree is computed for fertilized trees that are larger than the unfertilized trees, the length of time that fertilizers directly affect growth can be overestimated. In this paper, a model that describes mean basal area responses per tree over time as a function of direct nutrient effects and indirect tree-size effects is suggested. Application of the model to a uniform field fertilization experiment shows that after t

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Posolda, Martin, Jiří Mlček, Martina Urbanová, and Vojtěch Řezníček. "Mapping of Traditional and Regional Varieties of Apple Trees and Pear Trees in Kroměříž Area." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 2 (2019): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967020425.

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In the present work, the current state and representation of traditional and regional fruit varieties of apple trees and pear trees in the form of high‑trunk were surveyed in the territory of southeastern Kroměříž district in the region of the Litenčice Hills. The research was carried out during the years 2009–2013. The variety, the age of the tree, the growth characteristics (tree height, trunk thickness, crown diameter and dryness) and health status were evaluated. The record of 972 old fruit trees of apple and pear trees were registered in selected municipalities. Pomological determination

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Marshall, David D., Kim Iles, and John F. Bell. "Using a large-angle gauge to select trees for measurement in variable plot sampling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 4 (2004): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-240.

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Variable plot sampling has been widely used for many years. It was recognized, early in its application, that the process of getting stand volume could be divided into two components, counting trees to get basal area per unit area and measuring trees to get volume/basal area ratios (VBARs). It was further recognized that these two components had different amounts of variation and therefore should be sampled at different intensities. The fact that basal area per unit area is almost always more variable than the VBARs of individual trees has led to the widespread practice of counting trees on al

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Yueshu, Zhao, Tang Yin, and Xiaoming Xue. "Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Barking on Growth Potential in Xishuangbanna Area." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101092.

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Xishuangbanna is the most important tropical rainforest region in southwestern China, with important ecological and economic value. In order to obtain the huge economic benefits of planting Pu’er tea, the local people often use the method of ‘annular barking’ for the trees suitable for planting tea trees, so that the tea trees can absorb more nutrients and thus obtain higher economic benefits. In this paper, random sampling method is used to collect data of 12 species of trees totaling 1753 samples in Xishuangbanna where cases of barking happen frequently. By collecting the data such as the ye

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Buchta, I., E. Kula, and M. Kresťanpolová. "Occurrence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 12 (2012): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4535-jfs.

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The occurrence of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) subspecies was observed in lime trees in the urban area of Brno. Mites presence was assessed in relation to the lime species, its age and health conditions. Analysis of the occurrence of liosoma, tiliae and nervalis subspecies was carried out on leaves of 3,245 lime trees from the viewpoint of the host preference and spatial distribution of attack in the area of the city and potential effects of air pollution. Subspecies liosoma and tiliae occurred in 13% of lime trees, the subspecies of nervalis was found only in 4 limes. Eudominant subspecies of E.

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Al-Bek, Muzahim Saeed, and Faiza Ali Rashid. "Administrative Plan for Reforestation of the Nineveh Forest for the Period 2019-2029." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1213, no. 1 (2023): 012119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012119.

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Abstract Forests are a moving ecosystem, so it is in a state of continuous movement with time due to the entry of new elements and the exit of others as a result of physiological death or cutting as a result of human activities, from that we see that the forest is in a state of continuous change in the area of the crown coverage of its trees, so the trees of the Nineveh forest include many species Trees, and eucalyptus trees are the largest part, and these trees were exposed to many environmental and social symptoms that led to their decline and affected their trees to a large extent, which re

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Makris, Christos. "Wavelet trees: A survey." Computer Science and Information Systems 9, no. 2 (2012): 585–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis110606004m.

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The topic of this paper is the exploration of the various characteristics of the wavelet tree data structure, a data structure that was initially proposed for text compression applications but has found a plethora of other uses in text indexing and retrieval. Issues concerning the efficient maintenance of the structure, plus its handling in various applications are explored. Our main aim is to provide to computer science researchers that would like to explore the specific area, an up-to-date comprehensive material covering a wide range of applications. This kind of up-to-date survey is missing

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Samee, Saba. "The Historic Area of Misri Shah, Lahore." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 31, no. 2 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap3122021_3.

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The north eastern side of the historic city of Lahore was always prone to floods, an alluvial area of river Ravi, fertile but destructive. The Mughals built several walls as barriers for the waters of river Ravi, still the area never attracted a permanent settlement. During his reign, Maharaja Ranjit Singh ordered his nobles to plant grand gardens in this area. The land was fertile, water was in abundance and the area had a large number of sweet water wells. Soon the entire area was converted into flourishing walled gardens with numerous trees and grasslands. Nothing remains of these gardens,

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O'Hara, Kevin L., and Narayanan I. Valappil. "Sapwood–leaf area prediction equations for multi-aged ponderosa pine stands in western Montana and central Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 9 (1995): 1553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-169.

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Ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) frequently grows in pure, multi-aged stands throughout its range. Sapwood–leaf area prediction equations were developed for multi-aged, multi-strata ponderosa pine stands in western Montana and central Oregon. No significant differences were found between equations for trees from lower or upper strata, or between equations for all trees and equations for upper or lower strata trees in either study location. These results indicate overstory ponderosa pine trees do not require significantly greater sapwood conducting tissue per unit of leaf area th

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Al-Sulbi, Ali Omar. "Deformation of the Date Palm tree trunk in Dammam Metropolitan Area: causes and consequences." Landscape Online 65 (March 29, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201965.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the elegant trees that performs several landscaping functions. Its single trunk textured by bases of the cut leaves distinguishes it from other ornamental trees. This cylindrical textured trunk is one of the major attractive features emphasized the use of date palms as ornamental landscaping trees. Across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Date palms in public landscaping schemes have experienced deformation of their trunks. This is a function of several factors related to plantation, irrigation, and maintenance. This research to investigate and categorise t

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Al-Sulbi, Ali Omar. "Deformation of the Date Palm tree trunk in Dammam Metropolitan Area: causes and consequences." Landscape Online 65 (March 29, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo2019.65.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the elegant trees that performs several landscaping functions. Its single trunk textured by bases of the cut leaves distinguishes it from other ornamental trees. This cylindrical textured trunk is one of the major attractive features emphasized the use of date palms as ornamental landscaping trees. Across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Date palms in public landscaping schemes have experienced deformation of their trunks. This is a function of several factors related to plantation, irrigation, and maintenance. This research to investigate and categorise t

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