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1

Kokin, Andrey, I. V. Latyshov, and P. Giverc. The current state and problems of identification in forensic ballistics. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1873043.

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The monograph presents the modern concept of identification of firearms. The processes of weapons production necessitated adjustments to the traditional foundations of forensic ballistic identification, and a third group, subclass (subgroup) signs, is included in the binary system of general and particular signs of traces. An analysis of the modern practice of identifying firearms shows that the main obstacles in this process are subclass characteristics and prejudice. The first are related to the manufacture of parts and parts of weapons, and prejudice is associated with the subjective interp
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2

Tansley, Sarah L., and Neil J. McHugh. Laboratory features—enzymes and biomarkers. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0012.

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This chapter describes the laboratory tests useful in diagnosing and monitoring patients with myositis. It describes creatinine kinase, it’s different isoforms and explains why this muscle enzyme is helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with inflammatory muscle disease. It also describes other skeletal muscle enzymes that are often elevated in both adult and juvenile onset disease and examines the specificity of troponins for cardiac muscle involvement. The prevalence and clinical utility of myositis specific and associated autoantibodies is explored, and we report the clinical f
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3

Mammoser, Aaron. Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0127.

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Glioblastoma, formerly glioblastoma multiforme, is synonymous with WHO grade IV astrocytoma and is the most commonly diagnosed astrocytoma; it carries with it significant clinical, histologic, and molecular heterogeneity, with subtypes of the tumor and important new mutations associated with it characterized over the previous decade. Gene expression profiling has identified four tumor subgroups associated with specific mutational patterns, age of onset, and prognosis. The discovery of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations has led to further delineation between primary and secondary glioblas
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4

Pirelli, Gianni. Main Findings and Future Directions in the Behavioral Science of Firearms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630430.003.0009.

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In the final chapter, the authors provide a full overview of the 30 main findings, or take-home messages, from this book. For each finding, the authors present an explanation as well as the implications related to practice, research, and policy. The findings are associated with the main points extracted from each chapter, particularly those that are empirically based and well grounded in the professional research and in professional practice standards. The authors end the chapter and, therefore, this book, with a call for a stepwise, multifaceted approach to addressing firearm-related problems
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5

Tangen, Catherine M., Marian L. Neuhouser, and Janet L. Stanford. Prostate Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0053.

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Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in American men. Worldwide, prostate cancer ranks second and fifth as a cause of cancer and cancer deaths, respectively. Despite the international burden of disease due to prostate cancer, its etiology is unclear in most cases. Established risk factors include age, race/ancestry, and family history of the disease. Prostate cancer has a strong heritable component, and genome-wide association studies have identified over 110 common risk-associated genetic variants. Family-based sequencing stud
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6

Leirisalo-Repo, Marjatta, and John D. Carter. Infection and spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0009.

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Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is the designation encompassing a group of inflammatory diseases with several features in common. The patients have mono- or oligoarthritis with or without inflammatory back symptoms. Distinctive extra-articular inflammatory symptoms also characterize the diseases. The diagnostic subgroups in the SpA family include reactive arthritis (ReA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis arthritis (PsA), and some forms of juvenile-onset arthritis. These diseases share a strong association with a genetic marker, HLA-B27,
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7

Coghill, David, Maggie Toplak, Sinead Rhodes, and Nicoletta Adamo. Cognitive functioning in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0010.

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Inhibition, memory, temporal discounting, decision-making, timing, and intraindividual variability in reaction time have emerged as key cognitive domains for understanding neurocognitive deficits in individuals with ADHD. In the domain of inhibition, motor inhibition has been studied most extensively, with deficits demonstrated in both restraint and cancellation. Working memory difficulties have been identified using a broad range of tasks. Decision-making has been less well studied, but risky decision-making and temporal discounting have displayed relatively consistent effects. Motor timing,
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8

Marziliano, Allison M., Wendy G. Lichtenthal, and Holly G. Prigerson. Diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806677.003.0012.

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This chapter provides a synthesis and up-to-date summary of studies on prolonged grief disorder (PGD)—an intense, persistent, and disabling response to loss experienced by a significant minority of bereaved individuals. Circumstances surrounding cause of death, relationship with the deceased, and predisposing characteristics of the bereaved individual increase the risk of PGD. PGD is associated with adverse health outcomes, and often is comorbid with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has proven
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9

Kartomi, Margaret. Connections across Sumatra. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0014.

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This concluding chapter highlights some of the connections between the traditional styles and genres of the performing arts across Sumatra, paying attention to the impact of indigenous religions and Islam as well as classification of the musical instruments and ensembles. It also considers how the musical arts are linked to myths and legends, and how myths and art forms are related to indigenous religious beliefs. Finally, it discusses Hindu myths and art forms; Muslim-associated myths and legends and art forms; Chinese myths and art forms; dances and music-dance relationships; connections bet
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10

Kimonis, Eva R., and Georgette E. Fleming. Disruptive and Conduct Disorders, Delinquency. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.27.

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Disruptive and conduct disorders, comprising oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, are characterized by behaviors that violate the rights of others or bring the individual into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures. These disorders are highly prevalent, emerge early in childhood, and are associated with profound disability and societal burden. Given the heterogeneity in presentation and outcomes of youth with disruptive and conduct disorders, attempts have been made to identify more homogeneous subgroups. Notably, children displaying callous–unemotional tr
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11

Reinecke, Holger. Epidemiology and global burden of peripheral arterial disease and aortic aneurysms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0068.

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and aortic aneurysms are common diseases which show an increasing prevalence and incidence. From community-based trials assessing ankle–brachial indices, 2–4% of the general population have been shown to be affected by PAD, which increases up to 15% in those above 70 years of age. About 30–40% of the in-hospital cases with PAD have critical limb ischaemia and suffer from a 1-year mortality of 20–40%. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) also show a relatively high prevalence of about 1–2% in the general population as found by large-scale, systematic duplex screenin
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12

Field, John. Therapeutic strategies in managing cardiac arrest. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0064.

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Emergency and critical care specialists are important interdisciplinary physicians who often impact on the long-term survival of patients sustaining cardiac arrest, as well as immediate outcomes. These specialists are often at the crossroads of survival for patients achieving return of spontaneous circulation, and it is important to appreciate that out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest patients represent different pathophysiological subgroups with respect to aetiology and pathophysiology. Important time-dependent triage and therapy are crucial, and efforts to identify and treat pathop
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13

Galiè, Nazzareno, Alessandra Manes, and Massimiliano Palazzini. Pulmonary hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0065.

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Pulmonary hypertension is a haemodynamic and pathophysiological condition defined as an increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure of ≥25 mmHg at rest, as assessed by right heart catheterization. In fact, while transthoracic echocardiography may provide clues on the presence of pulmonary hypertension, the haemodynamic evaluation offers a more precise and comprehensive assessment. Pulmonary hypertension is heterogeneous from a pathophysiological point of view, and the diversity is reflected in the haemodynamic definitions. The different haemodynamic forms of pulmonary hypertension can be
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14

Harrison, Amy. Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.21.

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Eating disorders (EDs) have been described as among the most difficult psychiatric disorders to treat. Intervening early appears to be associated with better prognosis, although a subgroup of 20% of individuals may develop a more severe and enduring form of illness, which is associated with higher rates of mortality. Many patients with EDs who come into contact with clinical services may have extreme ambivalence toward change, which is often observed through high treatment dropout rates and difficulties engaging in treatment. This chapter outlines cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for eating
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15

Eldar, Shai Meron, and Ofer Eldar. Complications and Challenges of Bariatric Surgery in Super-Obese Patients. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0017.

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While the lower weight limits for bariatric surgery are already strictly set, the upper weight limits are still undetermined. The extremely obese patient deserves special consideration: significant comorbidities, technical difficulties, and increased postoperative morbidity and mortality are all expected in this patient population.In view of these factors, how should super-obese patients (BMI > 50 kg/m2) be approached, and is there any preferred procedure? Is there a point where operative risk outweighs surgical benefits? Bariatric surgery for super-obese and super-super-obese patients, inc
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16

Lichtenberk, Frantisek. Modality and Mood in Oceanic. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.15.

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The Oceanic languages form a subgroup within the Austronesian family. The chapter is a cross-linguistic investigation of several kinds of modality: epistemic, deontic, dynamic, desiderative, and timitive; and also of the realis and the irrealis moods. The modalities are expressed by various means: affixes on verbs, particles associated with verbs, and verbs, which in some cases are not fully-fledged verbs. The timitive modality is a complex category: it simultaneously expresses epistemic modality and apprehension about the possible state of affairs. While the validity of the realis–irrealis di
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17

McNamara Barry, Carolyn, and Mona M. Abo-Zena. The Experience of Meaning-Making. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.22.

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Emerging adults are on a journey of self-discovery. In a nation founded on religious liberty, it is not surprising that so many emerging adults in the United States are focused on self-exploration concerning their religiousness and spirituality. This chapter addresses how religiousness and spirituality develop over the third decade by noting similarities and differences from previous and coming decades, the nature of religious and spiritual beliefs, the intersection of religious and spiritual development with developmental domains, and the outcomes associated with religiousness and spiritualit
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18

Tropp, Laura. Grandparents in a Digital Age. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666998245.

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This book investigates the changing culture of grandparenting. Depending on the group, the period, and the family, grandparents have been powerful patriarchs and matriarchs, reliable second parents, dependents, burdens, or community figures. The book examines the history of grandparenting and the changing depiction of grandparent culture from “old” to “hip,” including the development of the celebrity grandparent, the emergence of media technologies that allow for new communication and relationships between grandparents and their grandchildren, new rituals associated with grandparenting, the gr
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