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Wei, Xiaobo. "Factors affecting mental health among student athletes." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526970.
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Evidence suggests that there is a link between higher than average rates of depressive symptoms and student participation in athletics. Various factors many student athletes face typically contribute to depression and depressive symptoms among this population. Such factors include balancing roles, sustaining injuries, overtraining, joining a new team, striving to achieve perfection, experiencing a sense of split identities, and even age and gender, among others. The literature suggests that due to the factors surrounding student athletes' roles, individuals in this population are more likely to experience symptoms of depression, including feelings of hopelessness and emotional problems, than their non-athlete counterparts. The literature also examines the phenomenon of student athletes developing a "Superman" complex and seeking to solve their depressive symptoms on their own, usually with alcohol or substance abuse. While in-school counseling services are suggested, there must be a greater focus on preventing the increasing prevalence of depressive symptoms among the student athlete population.
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Chung, Sarah. "Mental strategies of international level taekwondo athletes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10447.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the mental skill used by top taekwondo athletes and to determine how well Orlick's "Wheel of Human Excellence" (1995) could be applied to these athletes. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine Canadian taekwondo athletes who had completed and won medals at the international level. The results indicated that Orlick's element of commitment, belief, full focus, positive images, mental readiness, distraction control and, constructive evaluation were common to all subjects. The presentation of rich quotes and experiences offer valuable insights and strategies for taekwondo athletes. A survey of the mental skills of Canadian taekwondo athletes was also completed by 29 athletes to determine the importance of each of the mental skills indentified in Orlick's model. All were ranked as important to success; means ranged between 8.14 and 9.70 on a Likert Scale of 10.
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Kaski, Sanni. "Media portrayal of Finnish athletes' mental health : A qualitative study of how Finnish news websites portray Finnish elite athletes with mental health problems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-340999.
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Background: Since athletes are often perceived as unbreakable, their mental health problems might be bypassed or denigrated by their coach, peers or even by the media. However, athletes are as, if not more, susceptible to mental health problems as anyone else. As the media continues to be the primary source of information, the way in which the media portrays mental health problems can affect how people perceive and regard them. In this research, I examined how Finnish elite athletes with mental health problems are portrayed in the Finnish news websites by qualitatively analyzing eight articles of four Finnish athletes, two former and two current. Furthermore, I compared the articles with one another in order to study the eventual differences between each article’s portrayal of the athletes’ mental health problems. Method: This analysis was conducted by applying a narrative discourse schema to the selected eight articles, which enabled me to examine both the structures of the articles as well as the underlying discourses and social context. Results: Nearly all of the articles are framed from the athlete’s point of view in terms of including more citations from the athlete than comments from the journalist. Furthermore, none of the articles regarded mental health problems among athletes in general, but rather portrayed each case as a single incident. Male athletes with a depressive disorder were complimented far more compared to female athletes. Moreover, female athletes eating disorder and anxiety were often associated with appearance and pressure regarding their sports career. Conclusion: The way in which athletes with mental health problems are portrayed in the Finnish news websites can be interpreted in two ways. Firstly, they can be perceived as hopeful recovery stories from the athletes perspective, as they portray how successful athletes can also develop mental health problems and still continue their career. Secondly, by not addressing the problem as a whole nor including any factual information in any of the articles indicates the journalists lack knowledge and/or apathy about the issue, and that it is a difficult subject to portray acceptably.
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Biggin, Isobelle J. R. "An investigation of elite athletes' and coaches' perceptions of mental ill-health in elite athletes." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13826/.
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Research suggests elite athletes have an equal, possibly higher, probability of developing mental ill-health as the general population. However understanding of these issues amongst athletes and coaches remains largely unknown. The perceptions of 20 elite athletes and 16 elite coaches of mental ill-health amongst elite athletes were explored. Two concurrent, three round Delphi methods, using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, were used to compare groups’ responses. Athletes and coaches expressed different opinions and experiences of mental ill-health amongst elite athletes. However, both felt the pressure athletes place upon themselves is a significant contributing factor and that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety may be particularly prevalent. Whilst associated stigma was thought to be a barrier to support seeking, both groups felt sport and clinical psychologists would provide the most appropriate support, with coaches playing an important role. Implications for coaches, clinical and sport psychologists are explored and suggestions for future research are presented.
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Nguyen, Thomas TN. "Factors That Influence Athletic Trainers’ Ability to Recognize, Diagnose, and Intervene: Depression in Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700001/.
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Athletic trainers (ATs) are professionals who are most directly responsible for athletes’ health care in a sport environment. ATs work with athletes on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of athletic injury; it is through these interactions that put ATs in an ideal position to recognize the psychological and emotional distress that athletes may suffer. Consequently, the National Athletic Trainer’s Association (NATA) has called for ATs to be competent in implementing psychosocial strategies and techniques (e.g., goal-setting, imagery, positive self-talk), recognizing basic symptoms of mental disorders, and identifying and referring athletes in need of psychological help. I explored ATs’ ability to recognize, diagnose, and provide a referral for collegiate athletes who were presenting with symptoms of depression across three different scenarios. The study examined factors that may impact ATs’ abilities in these areas, including AT gender, athlete gender, and type of presenting problem (e.g., athletic injury, romantic relationship, or sport performance issue). Overall, female ATs were better at recognizing depressive symptoms than male ATs, though both were equally proficient at diagnosing depression. Regardless of gender of the AT, gender of the athlete, and presenting problem, ATs were most likely to refer the athletes to a counselor/psychologist, and to a lesser extent sport psychology consultant (SPC). ATs viewed referrals to an SPC as most appropriate for presenting problems related to sport (i.e., performance problem or injury). The results highlight a possible bias in referrals to an SPC, in that SPCs may not be considered an appropriate referral source for romantic relationship problems. Implications for ATs and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Kask, Anna, and Kristoffer Svanberg. "Mental health among Swedish elite athletes : Depression, overtraining, help seeking, and stigma." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135614.
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There is a general perception in the public that mental health problems scarcely exist among elite athletes. The aim of this thesis was to investigate mental health among Swedish elite athletes with a particular focus on depression, overtraining, help seeking and stigma. The sample consisted of 100 athletes; of these 32 % were male and 68 % female, 53 % team athletes and 47 % individual athletes representing 15 different sports. A cross-sectional research design using self-report measures examined variables associated with the mental health of athletes. Results showed the prevalence of depression in the sample was similar to that of the general population. Athletes who reported symptoms of overtraining also reported symptoms of depression. Depressed athletes showed significantly more symptoms of overtraining than non-depressed athletes. Athletes who reported greater symptoms of depression or overtraining also reported higher levels of stigma associated with the condition. In the sample 45 % of participants reported that it was unlikely or extremely unlikely that they would seek help for mental health problems. The results indicate that mental health problems among elite athletes do exist. Athletes that experience problems with their mental health also do not want to disclose these problems. The established relationship between depression and overtraining highlights the difficult in distinguishing between the concepts that may ultimately lead to misdiagnose and ineffective treatment of the symptoms. Sport specialization in health care is required in order to meet the needs of elite athletes.Det finns en allmän syn i samhället att psykisk ohälsa bland elitidrottare är väldigt ovanligt. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka psykisk ohälsa bland svenska elitidrottare med fokus på depression, överträning, hjälpsökande och stigma. Urvalet bestod av 100 elitidrottare; av dessa var 32 % män och 68 % kvinnor, 53 % lagidrottare och 47 % individuella idrottare vilka representerade 15 olika idrotter. En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med hjälp av självskattningsformulär vilka undersökte variabler förknippade med elitidrottares psykiska hälsa. Resultaten visade en prevalens av depression bland elitidrottarna motsvarande den allmänna populationen. Elitidrottare som rapporterade symptom på överträning rapporterade även symptom på depression. Deprimerade elitidrottare hade signifikant fler symptom på överträning än icke-deprimerade elitidrottare. Elitidrottare som rapporterade fler symptom på depression eller överträning rapporterade även högre nivåer av stigma. I urvalet rapporterade 45 % av deltagarna att det var osannolikt eller extremt osannolikt att de skulle söka hjälp vid problem med psykisk ohälsa. Resultaten visar på att psykisk ohälsa bland elitidrottare existerar. Elitidrottare med psykisk ohälsa är obenägna att avslöja dessa problem för andra. Den påvisade relationen mellan depression och överträning visar på att det är svårt att skilja mellan dessa koncept vilket i förlängningen kan leda till feldiagnostisering av symptomen samt att fel behandlingsinsatser sätts in. För att möta behoven från elitidrottare bör hälso- och sjukvården erbjuda idrottsspecifik behandling.
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Clontz, Eric. "The Relationships Between Transition Readiness, Athletic Identity, and College Experiences Among Student-Athletes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin156387257423195.
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Edwards, Brian. "Trends in Reporting Mental Health Concerns among College Student Athletes based on the National College Health Assessment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535374506247441.
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Van, Slingerland Krista. "Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Sport-Focused Mental Health Service Delivery Model Within a Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42792.
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The overall aim of this Participatory Action Research (PAR; Chevalier & Buckles, 2013; Lewin, 1946) project was to design, implement, and evaluate a specialized sport-focused mental health service delivery model for competitive and high-performance athletes, integrated within a broader Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport (CCMHS). A transformative mixed methods research design (Cresswell, 2014) guided by the PAR approach was employed across three phases during which (a) a sport-specific mental health service delivery model for competitive and high-performance athletes was collaboratively designed by stakeholders (Design Phase [Study 1]), (b) the model was pilot-tested within the CCMHS (Implementation Phase [Study 2]), and (c) the model was evaluated to understand whether practitioners and service-users perceived the care delivered / received within the model to be acceptable and appropriate (Evaluation Phase [Study 3]). Design Phase (Study 1). The purpose of study 1 was to (a) perform an environmental scan of the Canadian mental health care and sport contexts, and (b) design a sport-focused mental health service delivery model for competitive and high-performance athletes within a broader CCMHS. To meet these objectives, 20 stakeholders from the sport and mental health sectors explored (a) the availability and effectiveness of mental health care for competitive and high-performance Canadian athletes, and (b) the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with creating a CCMHS, via two iterations of stakeholder-led focus groups (Rio-Roberts, 2011). The resulting data informed a subsequent Group Concept Mapping (GCM; Burke et al., 2005; Kane & Trochim, 2007; Rosas & Kane, 2012) activity undertaken by stakeholders, which produced an actionable framework (i.e., concept map) organized into six clusters that visually represented the elements (e.g., services, personnel, organizational structures) that stakeholders deemed important to include in the sport-focused mental health care model (e.g., bilingual services, a triage system, sport-specialized practitioners). In addition, the results revealed that misconceptions about the competitive and high-performance population’s mental health and experience of mental illness were widespread and required clarification before significant advances could be made. This led the group to develop six principles designed to establish a common language and understanding upon which to build effective models of mental health care, improved programming, and strategic education for Canada’s competitive and high-performance athletes, coaches, and organizations (Article 1). The framework that emerged from the GCM activity served to guide the remainder of the project, and supported actions (e.g., develop eligibility criteria to access services, hire a team of mental health practitioners with sport competencies [i.e., CCMHS Care Team]) to build the CCMHS and test the model during the Implementation Phase (Article 2). Implementation Phase (Study 2). The purpose of study 2 was to pilot test the mental health service delivery model designed during the first phase of the research project. To do so, an illustrative case study (Keegan et al., 2017; Stake, 1995, 2005) was carried out to demonstrate how (i.e., intake, referral, and service delivery processes) the CCMHS Care Team provided mental health care to a high-performance athlete, and what outcomes resulted from this process. Data to inform the case study was gathered through a review of the service-user’s clinical documents (e.g., intake summary, session notes), and qualitative interviews (n = 2) with the athlete’s Collaborative Care Team lead and the CCMHS Care Coordinator. Document analysis (Bowen, 2009) was used to organize the details of the case found within clinical documents under the categories of the case study framework (i.e., intake and referral process, service-user description, integrated care plan, and outcomes), while a conventional descriptive content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) served to extract salient data from the interviews to further build out the case study. Results revealed that sport significantly influenced the onset and experience of mental illness for the athlete service-user. The lead practitioner’s sport-specific knowledge played a significant role in the diagnosis, treatment and recovery of this athlete given the nature of the athlete’s concerns and high athletic identity. Findings support the notion that specialized mental health care models and teams are necessary to address sport-related factors that can pose unique threats to the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in athletes (Article 3). Implementation Phase (Study 3). The purpose of study 3 was to evaluate the acceptability and appropriateness of the mental health service delivery model designed during Phase 1 and implemented during Phase 2. Qualitative data from three sources (CCMHS practitioners, CCMHS service-users, and CCMHS stakeholders) were collected and analyzed using a multi-step, multi-method process, including16 one-on-one semi-structured interviews with CCMHS practitioners (n = 10) and service-users (n = 6), and a meeting with CCMHS stakeholders (captured via meeting minutes). In addition, 47 documents (e.g., clinical, procedural) created during the implementation phase of the project by CCMHS team members (i.e., practitioners, stakeholders, members of the board of directors) were used to triangulate the other data (Carter, Bryant-Lukosius, DiCenso, Blythe, and Neville, 2014). The Framework Method (Gale et al., 2013; Ritchie and Spencer, 1994) was used to analyze, synthesize, integrate, and interpret the dataset. The deductive data analysis approach taken was guided by the seven components of acceptability developed by Sekhon and colleagues (2017), and the Canadian Medical Association’s definition of appropriate care. Findings showed that the care provided and received within the CCMHS service delivery model was perceived to be acceptable and appropriate, and each component of the model uniquely contributed to practitioner and service-user experiences. For example, the collaborative interdisciplinary approach contributed to the ethicality of the model, promoted the professional development of team members, and enabled Pan-Canadian service provision. The sport-centered nature of care was perceived to enhance the ethicality of services delivered, effectiveness of care, and affective experience of service-users. Implications for further research and practice were discussed in light of areas of the model that emerged as needing improvement (e.g., prohibitive cost of care, practitioner burden from collaborative processes and procedures). Overall, the findings of the research project demonstrate that collaborative approaches to inquiry and practice can be successfully applied in sport to guide stakeholders in developing and testing novel models to improve the health outcomes of sport participants. The research also shows that an interdisciplinary team of practitioners can successfully deliver sport-focused mental health care that is acceptable and appropriate to service-users. Lastly, the project provides data on the first known empirical project to design, implement and evaluate a specialized mental health service delivery model applied nationwide in person and virtually with competitive and high-performance athletes experiencing mental health challenges and symptoms of mental illness.
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Bird, Matthew. "Factors Influencing and Predicting the Likelihood of Mental Health Help-Seeking of Collegiate Student-Athletes." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10746933.
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Collegiate athletes experience mental health concerns at similar rates to non-athlete students, however, the student-athlete population underutilizes professional mental health help with only 10% of those in need seeking services. Criticisms of the extant research on student-athlete mental health help-seeking include studies that lack theoretical guidance, and convenience samples who are not experiencing a mental health issue. The aim of this study was to conduct a theoretically driven investigation assessing factors of help-seeking associated with the Health Belief Model and Reasoned Action Approach while sampling student-athletes who identified as currently experiencing a personal or emotional health concern. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to investigate which factors of help-seeking behavior predict the likelihood that a student-athlete will seek professional help, and to identify the differences in help-seeking factors between student-athletes with a lower likelihood of seeking help compared to those with a higher likelihood of seeking help. Participants were 269 NCAA student-athletes who completed an online survey assessing factors related to their help-seeking behavior. A multiple liner regression reveled that perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and perceived attitudes factors were significant predictors of the likelihood that a student-athlete would seek treatment. Results from a one-way MANOVA showed significant differences between the lower likelihood and the higher likelihood of seeking help group on the perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, instrumental barriers, stigma-related barriers, and the perceived attitudes factors. Additional information gathered in this study suggests the most frequently reported factors which prevented student-athletes from seeking help include a belief the issues they are experiencing is not that serious, or a desire to seek help from a source other than a mental health professional. Findings from this study have implications for athletic departments, campus counseling centers, and future interventions designed to enhance mental health help-seeking.
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McDade, Mary Lynne. "A COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS OF ATHLETIC DIRECTORS AND STUDENT-ATHLETES ON THE COLLEGIATE LEVEL REGARDING EATING DISORDERS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342136847.
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Tiedens, Alyssa Catherine. "Social Support and Depression Symptomatology Post Injury in Division 1 Athletes." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3126.
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The way in which an athlete responds to the injury--emotionally, behaviorally, and cognitively--can significantly affect the athlete's mental health in a negative way if not handled appropriately. There are different forms of social support that are known to be helpful with coping during specific stages of injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived levels of social support and depression symptomatology post injury in Division 1 collegiate athletes at Portland State University (PSU).
Participants were PSU student athletes (n=115). Variables: social support amount (SSQN), social support satisfaction (SSQS), and depression symptomatology (CESD-R) score. Selected injured participants (n=3) completed a 20-minute interview regarding their injury, their social support, and how each affected their mental health.
Females reported more social support sources (SSQN) as well as a higher satisfaction of their social support (SSQS) than males. Non-injured student athletes appeared to have fewer social support sources as well as less social support satisfaction than injured student athletes. Of the total study sample, 27.8 percent met the criteria for some kind of depressive symptom concern.
The study confirmed gender characteristics regarding help-seeking behavior, trends of depression symptomatology, and social support preferences. Overall the current study's findings indicate a need for further research regarding social support and depression symptomatology, examining injured and non-injured student athletes.
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Baker, Frank W. Jr. "Mental Toughness: Effect on Factors Associated with Injury and Illness in Adolescent Athletes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407271208.
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Mullins, Lisa Moses. "Hearing Health in Utah Special Olympics Athletes Compared to Special Olympics Athletes Worldwide: A Prevalence Study in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1296.pdf.
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Harmeson, Alisha M. "An evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Healthy Athletes health promotion questionaire used to assess the dietary intake of Delaware County Special Olympics athletes." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1538084.
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The purpose of this correlational study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Healthy Athlete® Health Promotion questionnaire as an instrument to assess the true dietary habits of Delaware County, Indiana, Special Olympics Athletes. A total of 35 Delaware County Special Olympics athletes completed this study. The athletes’ true dietary habits were estimated using a three-day food record and the Caregiver Questionnaire (CQ). Results indicated the Healthy Athletes Software (HAS) nutrition questions lacked statistical strength in both reliability and validity. The test-retest indicated only one-third of the questions were identified as reliable (Kappa ranged from 0.347 to 0.773; r ranged from 0.356 to 0.794). When compared to the standard, only three of the 15 food items on the HAS questionnaire had a significant relationship to the standard (r coefficients ranged from 0.458 to .777). In contrast, 11 of the 15 food items on the CQ were highly correlated with the three-day food record. The results of this study indicate the need for improvement to make to the HAS nutrition questions more reliable and valid in the assessment of Special Olympics athletes’ dietary habitsDepartment of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Eriksson, Emma, and Elin Nermark. "Elitidrottares mentala återhämtning : Elitidrottares upplevelser och erfarenheter av mental återhämtning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84770.
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Att vila fysiskt är för många en självklarhet, däremot pratas det sällan om den mentala återhämtningen. Båda är viktiga och har stor påverkan på prestation och hälsa. I den här studien är syftet att undersöka elitidrottares upplevelser och erfarenheter av mental återhämtning. För att ta reda på detta har vi genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer. På vilket sätt respondenterna får återhämtning, hur de påverkas av frånvaro av mental återhämtning och om dessa idrottare upplever ett samband mellan frånvaron av mental återhämtning och psykisk ohälsa presenteras i resultatet. När vi analyserade resultaten av intervjuerna gjorde vi innehållsanalyser. Vi kom fram till att samtliga får återhämtning genom att tänka på annat än idrotten och genom att utöva aktiviteter som är roliga. Vid frånvaro av mental återhämtning upplevde majoriteten en försämrad prestation och att hälsan påverkades negativt. Respondenterna beskrev ett samband mellan psykisk ohälsa och frånvaro av mental återhämtning. Det finns relativt lite forskning inom detta område, däremot stämde resultaten med tidigare forskning som idag finns tillgänglig.To many people, resting physically is a matter of course, however, mental recovery is rarely talked about. Both are important and have major impact on performance and health. In this study, the aim is to investigate athletes experiences of mental recovery. In order to find out, we have conducted qualitative interviews. In what way the respondents receive recovery, how they are affected by the absence of mental recovery and if these athletes experience a connection between the absence of mental recovery and mental illness is presented in the results. When we analyzed the results of the interviews, we used content analyses. We concluded that all respondents receive recovery by thinking about other things than sport and by doing activities that are fun. In the absence of mental recovery, the majority experienced a deterioration in performance and a negative impact on health. The respondents described a link between mental illness and the absence of mental recovery. There is limited research in this area, but the results were consistent with previous research available today.
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Dudoit, Josette M. K. "Analysis of health promotion data obtained during the 2008 Indiana Special Olympics Games a comparison of Indiana and non-Indiana data /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/648.
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Young, Christine Andrea. "An examination of how coaching behavior influences athletes' sport-confidence and athletes' perceived coaching competence." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1323894866.
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Birge, Mara Elizabeth. "Sleep Quality and Quantity of Portland State University Intercollegiate Student-Athletes: A Case Study." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1984.
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According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rulebook, student-athletes are limited to 20 hours/week of official athletic activity. While this in and of itself is not a huge time commitment, when it is combined with the academic expectations that come with being a college student and athletic activities that are not included in the 20 hours/week, there isn't much time left in the week for student-athletes to get everything done. In addition to imposing daily stress, such time demands may negatively affect sleep. This study examined the sleep quality and quantity of student-athletes, as well as how much time they spend on athletic and academic activities. It was predicted that the student-athletes overall would not have a "good" sleep rating, and that they would not be getting the recommended 10 hours of sleep per night. It was also predicted that in-season student-athletes would be spending more than the allotted 20 hours per week on their athletic activities.
All data for this study were collected through online surveys, which included several demographic and background questions, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), an instrument that provides a measurement of an individual's sleep quality. A score < 5 is considered "good" sleep quality, while a score > 5 is considered "bad" sleep quality. The 42 participants in this study (29 female; 13 male) were student-athletes at Portland State University (PSU) and represented all but one of the sports offered at PSU. All student-athletes listed on the official team roster received two e-mails requesting their participation in the study. There was at least one respondent in each class level, with 13 reporting as in-season student-athletes and 29 reporting as out-of-season student-athletes.
Of the 42 respondents, only 3 received a "good" sleep quality rating. The median sleep quality rating for the entire sample was 9, and the median amount of sleep obtained was 7 hours/night, with a median bedtime of 2330. The median amount of self-reported time spent on athletics was 15.5 hours/week and the median time spent on academics was 15 hours/week.
It was concluded that PSU student-athletes do not get enough sleep, and their sleep quality is very low. In-season student-athletes also self-reported spending more time in their athletic activities than the maximum NCAA limit. Although the sample size was small, these data support the need for increased education about the benefits of sleep. Also, an examination of the policies regarding what qualifies as an athletic activity, and how much time athletes should spend on such activities is recommended.
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McGee, Nathan. "Trait Emotional Intelligence and Substance Use Behaviors among Student-Athletes: Mediating Effects of Coping." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535708944540075.
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Heath, Christopher J. "Assessment of Cognitive Performance in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699950/.
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Incidents and awareness of sports-related concussion have grown in recent years, attracting attention in both the academic and popular press. These concussions can lead to the rapid onset of neurological dysfunctions, as well as a variety of subjective symptoms. Although concussive sequelae are typically considered transient, debate remains about the persistent effects of repeated traumatic contact during sport participation. Although research has examined the complications of head trauma found in traditionally popular sports (e.g., football, soccer, boxing), little research has focused on the growing sport of mixed-martial-arts (MMA). Research specifically pertaining to MMA is in nascent stages, but to-date studies suggest that concussive injuries for this sport are prevalent and the training regimens of these athletes may place them at a high risk for concussive or subconcussive head traumas—as well as the accompanying neurological difficulties. The current study is the first to assess cognitive profiles of MMA athletes using an objective neuropsychological assessment instrument. Among 56 athletes (28 MMA athletes and 28 athletes not exposed to head traumas), no neuropsychological differences were found between groups of athletes. Additionally, no aspects of MMA training regimen shared a reliable relationship with neuropsychological performance or subjective concussive symptoms. This suggests non-professional participation in MMA may not typically pose a significant risk for cumulative concussions and associated adverse neuropsychological consequences.
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Berry, Melnee. "Academically Resistant Athletes: Victims of ACEs or Commodities of the System." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/115.
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Fans of college sports embrace the idea of athletes playing sport and, in turn, receiving tuition scholarships that provide them an opportunity to trade athletic talent for a free education. A contradictory body of research using internal colonization theory posits that the trade of education for playing sports is not a fair exchange but is fraught with exploitation that continues to perpetuate subjugation. An accepted narrative in athletic competition is that the recruiting pipeline draws athletes from impoverished inner-city areas engaging young athletes who experience difficulties keeping up scholastically becoming academically resistant as they focus on their sport at the expense of their academics.
Biopsychosocial and developmental neuroscience research recognizes outside social factors as variables that affect the development of the brain, thus influencing basic mechanical operations of specific brain structures. This dissertation breaks new ground by utilization of the 10-question Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Inventory to explore a possible relationship between ACE scores and Academic Resistance (AR), ACE scores and Locus of Control, and ACE scores and Identity Foreclosure.
Using the T-test to determine a relationship between 194 participants’ ACE scores and AR, the findings showed the probability of Type I error of 5%, to be that the AR of student athletes with an ACE score >=2, n=94, to be significantly higher than the AR of student athletes with an ACE
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McGuire, Lindsey C. "Temporal Changes in Depression and Neurocognitive Performance in Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Repeated Measures Evaluation Pre- and Post-Concussion Injury." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/271333.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
The study had three purposes: 1.) examine the temporal change in depression symptoms among collegiate student-athletes throughout a fall athletic season, 2.) identify the course of depression in student-athletes pre- and post-concussion injury, and 3.) examine the relationship between neurocognitive performance and depression at baseline and post-concussion injury. Depression symptoms were measured every two weeks, beginning at pre-season baseline, until the end of the athletic season using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) exam was used to measure neurocognitive performance at baseline and post-concussion. A total of 593 (92.1%) participants were used in the depression analyses. On average, nearly a third of the athletes endorsed minimal levels of depression symptoms across the fall athletic season. Across the entire athletic season, 3.7% of student-athletes had their PHQ-9s red-flag for moderate to severe depression symptoms. Significant differences were found in depression symptoms across time, and by sex. At pre-season baseline, higher depression symptoms were significantly correlated with decreased scores on Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, and Total Symptom Score, and increased Reaction Time. A total of 27 concussed athletes were used in the concussion and depression analyses. No significant differences were found between depression symptoms pre-concussion and any of the post-concussion time intervals. At 1 week post-concussion, elevated depression symptoms were significantly correlated with slower Reaction Time and higher Total Symptom Scores at 1 week post-concussion, and increased Impulse Control and Total Symptom Scores at 3-5 months post-concussion. These results demonstrate the need to evaluate depression symptoms at pre-season baseline, across the athletic season, and post-concussion in collegiate student-athletes.
Temple University--Theses
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Day, Chelsi. "Availability and Utilization of Sport Psychology Services for Injured College Athletes." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1317223366.
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Wise, Taylor. "PROGRAMS ON A DIET?: AN EXAMINATION OF ATHLETIC DEPARTMENTS’ EATING DISORDER POLICIES AT NCAA DIVISION I UNIVERSITIES." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/448984.
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KinesiologyM.S.
The purpose of this study was to determine which NCAA Division I universities have an eating disorder policy specific to collegiate athletes. Demographic factors were also assessed for their relationship to whether or not a university has a specific policy. An additional goal of the study was to examine currently existing policies, assess common themes between them, and determine which themes are most appropriate and beneficial for future policies. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Participants of the study were the 128 NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision universities. The research design involved a documentary analysis to determine which universities currently have a policy specific to athletes with eating disorders. An online search for policies yielded 13 official policies, primarily found through a general Google search. For the universities in which an online search did not provide results, athletic department personnel were contacted by email requesting the status of their policies in relation to athletes with eating disorders. Of the 115 universities that were contacted, 50 universities replied. Through analysis of the email responses, the researcher found an additional 20 universities with a specific policy regarding athletes with eating disorders. In total, the researcher found 33 of the 128 universities (26%) to have an official policy specific to athletes with eating disorders. Existing policies were analyzed and coded into themes. The researcher found 16 major themes that were recurring throughout existing policies. Each theme was analyzed individually to determine recurring patterns. The researcher found between four and six recurring patterns per major theme.
Temple University--Theses
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Dessauvagie, Jemma Bonnie. "Playing the Game: An Exploration of the Lived Experience of Australian Elite Level Athletes, with a Focus on their Mental Health and Wellbeing." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70518.
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This research adopted an ecological orientation to extend understandings of the impact of extrinsic factors on athlete wellbeing. Athletes and support staff were engaged in semi-structured interviews analysed via causal layered analysis. Findings provided a holistic account of athletes’ lived experiences which reflected a “dark side” of elite and professional sport. Key messages revealed a dissonance between ‘the athlete’ and ‘a human’ and, spoke to athletes’ experiencing performance pressure beyond the competitive domain.
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Van, Slingerland Krista. "Establishing Foundational Data on the Mental Health Functioning, Stress, Mood, Self-Regulation Capacity, and Perceptions of Coaching Climate of Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) Student-Athletes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35492.
Full textAbstract:
Mental health has become increasingly important on post-secondary campuses across Canada, as the majority of university students represent the cohort of the Canadian populace that is most vulnerable to mental illness, substance abuse, and suicide. Evidence suggests that student-athletes, a visible and diverse sub-population of university students, are at equal risk of experiencing a mental illness (Reardon & Factor, 2010), but could be even more vulnerable to mental health challenges than their non-athlete peers (Neal et al., 2013; Watson & Kissinger, 2007), given the additional demands and pressures that they face. Problematic though, is that the culture of athletics and prevailing stigma surrounding mental illness can lead student-athletes to overreport their well-being and deny distress (Steiner, Denny, & Stemmle, 2010), as well as underutilize the mental health services available to them on campus (Lopez & Levy, 2013). Although researchers have investigated the mental health of American college students (e.g., Eklund, Dowdy, Jones, & Furlong, 2011) and attempted to understand the vulnerability of National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) student-athletes to specific mental illnesses (e.g., eating disorders and substance abuse, Reardon & Factor, 2010), no study to date has investigated the mental health of student-athletes competing in Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS), particularly not using a holistic lense. As such, the overall purpose of the present study was to provide foundational data relating to Canadian student-athletes’ mental health functioning and other relevant indices such as their stress levels, mood, capacity to self-regulate, and perceptions of coaching climate.
The first objective was to understand (a) the level and prevalence of mental health functioning (MHF) of student-athletes competing in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) system at two different time points in their academic year (Fall = Time 1, Winter = Time 2) and (b) whether significant differences existed in their levels of MHF (emotional, social, and psychological well-being) between Time 1 and Time 2 and based on gender, alcohol use, living situation, year of study, and type of sport. Results indicated that the student-athletes from 30 different Canadian universities experienced moderate to high levels of MHF at both time points, including those who reported a previous mental illness diagnosis. Furthermore, there was a higher prevalence of flourishing compared to languishing student-athletes at both time points. Repeated measures MANOVA tests indicated that student-athletes’ MHF did not significantly differ across time based on their gender, alcohol use, living situation, year of study, and/or type of sport. However, when a 5-way MANOVA test was conducted with the larger sample Time 1 data to have more statistical power, results revealed a significant main effect of gender, suggesting that women had significantly lower levels of social well-being than men during the first part of the academic/athletic year (see Article 1).
The second objective was to examine relationships between variables that could potentially influence the MHF of CIS student-athletes, namely, their stress, mood, self-regulation capacity, and perceptions of the coaching climate. A path analysis revealed that the student-athletes’ MHF was significantly impacted by the frequency of their maladaptive reactions to stressors, mood states, capability to self-regulate, and the climate fostered by coaches. The third aim was to determine if changes in student-athletes’ self-regulation capacity over the academic/athletic year were related to changes in the other variables of interest. A t-test was first run to establish whether there was a change in their self-regulation capacity from Time 1 to Time 2, however, their levels remained steady over these time points. A subsequent path analysis showed that change scores in self-regulation capacity were not significantly related to change scores in MHF, stress, mood, and perceptions of coaching climate (see Article 2). The hope is that the results of this study may inform the strategic directions of mental health promotion and maintenance programming designed for CIS student-athletes in the future.
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Masters, Tyler J. "Subjective Well-Being, Sport Performance, Training Load and Life Experiences of College Athletes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1244822249.
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Nguyen, Thomas. "Neurocognitive Effects of Gist Reasoning Training in Student-Athletes with Concussions, ADHD, and Learning Disabilities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011782/.
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Concussions, attention-deficit disorder (ADHD), and learning disabilities can adversely impact learning and academic achievement, particularly with respect to attention, memory, and executive functioning; fortunately, cognitive training can be beneficial and remediating these weaknesses. One such program, strategic memory advanced reasoning training (SMART), utilizes a top-down approach to train individuals in executive, higher-ordered thinking strategies including strategic attention, integration, and innovation to facilitate information synthesis and enhance cognitive efficiency. Thus, the purpose of the study is to examine whether SMART improved performances on various neuropsychological measures tapping into attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning for college student-athletes with neurological conditions (e.g., concussions, ADHD, LD).
Student-athletes were randomly assigned to the SMART program or a "wait-list" control group and were administered a neuropsychological battery at baseline, immediately following the intervention, and after a four-month delay. Results showed that participants benefited from SMART with respect to working memory immediately following the intervention after controlling for baseline scores. The benefits of working memory also persisted after four months. Additionally, SMART was beneficial for improving attention, but only after four months after the intervention. The findings of the current study were consistent with previous studies which showed positive effects of SMART on working memory with a variety of populations (e.g., children, adolescents, older adults, Veterans, brain-injured patients); however, the current study did not see improved performance on other aspects of executive functioning which contradict prior research. Statistical differences between the present study and prior research regarding SMART may be explained in methodology, participant characteristics, research setting, and/or limitations. Future studies may include combining cognitive training as the intervention and utilizing neuroimaging alongside cognitive training to examine the relationship between structural/functional change with neuropsychological performance.
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Chu, Tsz Lun. "The Roles of Coaches, Peers, and Parents in High School Athletes' Motivational Processes: A Mixed-Method Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248411/.
Full textAbstract:
Grounded in self-determination theory and achievement goal theory, the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the underlying motivational processes from social environments created by coaches, peers, and parents to motivational outcomes in high school athletes, with an emphasis on the relative influence of social agents in basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness). The quantitative part of this study tested a hierarchical model of high school sport motivation in a final sample of 311 student athletes (204 boys, 107 girls) using structural equation modeling: social factors (coach-, peer-, and parent-created motivational climates) -> psychological mediators (need satisfaction and frustration) -> types of motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) -> consequences (subjective vitality, athlete burnout, and intention to drop out). Invariance across gender and across team type (varsity vs. non-varsity) was also tested. Adequate model fits were achieved in separate "brighter side" and "darker side" models across the overall sample, gender, and team type. The follow-up qualitative part of this study explored "how" beyond "what" coaches, peers, and parents contribute to the social environments, need frustration, and negative motivational outcomes in sport in a subsample of 37 student athletes (24 boys, 13 girls) who reported high amotivation/burnout and higher than average dropout intentions in the quantitative survey. Content analysis and observation were conducted to interpret the focus group interview data among athletes across gender and team type. The results of both quantitative and qualitative parts were integrated and compared to summarize the roles of coaches, peers, and parents in the "brighter and darker sides" of athletic experience in high school athletes.
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Chu, Tsz Lun. "The Roles of Coaches, Peers, and Parents in High School Athletes' Motivational Processes: A Mixed-Methods Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248411/.
Full textAbstract:
Grounded in self-determination theory and achievement goal theory, the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the underlying motivational processes from social environments created by coaches, peers, and parents to motivational outcomes in high school athletes, with an emphasis on the relative influence of social agents in basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness). The quantitative part of this study tested a hierarchical model of high school sport motivation in a final sample of 311 student athletes (204 boys, 107 girls) using structural equation modeling: social factors (coach-, peer-, and parent-created motivational climates) -> psychological mediators (need satisfaction and frustration) -> types of motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) -> consequences (subjective vitality, athlete burnout, and intention to drop out). Invariance across gender and across team type (varsity vs. non-varsity) was also tested. Adequate model fits were achieved in separate "brighter side" and "darker side" models across the overall sample, gender, and team type. The follow-up qualitative part of this study explored "how" beyond "what" coaches, peers, and parents contribute to the social environments, need frustration, and negative motivational outcomes in sport in a subsample of 37 student athletes (24 boys, 13 girls) who reported high amotivation/burnout and higher than average dropout intentions in the quantitative survey. Content analysis and observation were conducted to interpret the focus group interview data among athletes across gender and team type. The results of both quantitative and qualitative parts were integrated and compared to summarize the roles of coaches, peers, and parents in the "brighter and darker sides" of athletic experience in high school athletes.
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Karlsson, Carl-Johan, and Jimmy Savefors. "Psykisk ohälsa inom elitidrott." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen for hälsopromotion och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14719.
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Bakgrund: Psykisk hälsa är ett tillstånd av välbefinnande där individen kan klara av vanliga påfrestningar, kan arbeta produktivt och bidra till samhället. Inom elitidrotten ställs det höga krav på individen vilket genererar stora fysiska och psykiska påfrestningar för individen. Det gör elitidrottare till en utsatt grupp för psykisk ohälsa och risktagande beteenden. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter av psykisk ohälsa hos personer som utövar elitidrott. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har genomförts. Artiklarna hämtades från Cinahl och PsycInfo. Litteraturöversikten är baserad på kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Både systematiska och osystematiska sökningar genomfördes vilket resulterade i tolv artiklar. Resultat: Erfarenheterna kring psykisk ohälsa hos elitidrottarna sammanfattades i tre teman: att leva upp till egna och andras förväntningar, bristande kunskap och stöd samt konsekvenser av psykisk ohälsa. Temat egna och andras förväntningar består av två subteman: att förändra sin identitet och att utsättas för stigmatisering. Konklusion: Den psykiska ohälsan inom elitidrotten ökar liksom den gör hos allmänheten i övrigt. Stigmatiseringen och bristen på kunskap kring psykisk ohälsa inom elitidrotten har visat sig vara stor. Det bör därför läggas mer resurser på utveckling och förbättring genom utbildning för att kunna ge bättre stöd till personer som drabbas av psykisk ohälsa inom elitidrotten.Background: Mental health is a state of well-being where the individual can cope with common stress, be able to work productively and to contribute to society. In the elite sport, there are high demands on the individual, which generates a great physical and mental stress in the individual. It makes elite athletes a vulnerable group for mental ill health and risk-taking behaviors. Aim: The aim was to describe experiences of mental illness among people practicing elite sports. Method: A literature review was conducted. The articles were retrieved from the databases Cinahl and PsycInfo. The literature review was based on qualitative and quantitative articles. Both systematic and unsystematic searches were conducted, resulting in twelve articles. Results: The experiences of mental illness among the elite athletes were summarized in three themes: Living up to one's own and others' expectations, lack of knowledge and support, and consequences of mental illness. The theme, Living up to one's own and others' expectations consists of two sub-themes: to change ones identity and to be subjected to stigmatization. Conclusion: The mental illness in the elite sport increases as well as it does within the general population. The stigmatization as well as the lack of knowledge about mental illness within the elite sport have proved to be great. Therefore, it should be added more resources on education in order to be able to provide better support to people who suffer from mental illness in elite sports.
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Svensson, Simon, and Jesper Svensson. "Hur mår svensk innebandy? : En kvantitativ undersökning om förekomsten kring svensk innebandys psykiska faktorer samt föreningars preventiva och reaktiva arbete." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97140.
Full textAbstract:
The essay starts with an introduction to the chosen topic. Then the background goes through the different definitions of mental illness and elite sports, the correlation between these two, the stigmatisation of mental illness and lastly promotional and preventional work. Later, today’s problem with mental illness is raised along with floorball and furthermore the essay’s objectives. The essay’s purpose is to investigate which factors cause mental illness to a greater extent in national series than in federal series in Swedish floorball. Also how associations work to prevent mental ill health within their organization. Additionally the essay’s method is a quantitative and digital survey. The survey is distributed via email and the authors personal contacts. The essay´s results showed that the swedish floorball players have a high level of stress, anxiety and overtraining. It also shows that the players don't feel support from their organisation when a player is experiencing mental disorders. Furthermore, the result shows that floorball club is not working with prevention and supporting of mental illness.
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Hesson, Chet. "Using Student-Athlete Experience To Predict Mental Well-being." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530543277648681.
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Swanson, Heather M. "EVALUATION OF A DIVISION I MID-MAJOR UNIVERSITY’S STUDENT-ATHLETE MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM." Scholarly Commons, 2021. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3732.
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The following executive summary provides high level findings of a student-athlete mental health program (SAMHP) at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I mid-major university. Various elements of the SAMHP were evaluated to create a well-rounded understanding of the program to determine sustainability, goals, and stakeholder expectations. Findings from this study provided insight on stakeholder needs, program successes, and implications for program improvements.
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Goodwin, Rena Marie. "SELF-STIGMA, ATTITUDES, AND PREFERENCES WHEN SEEKING MENTAL HEALTH AND SPORT PSYCHOLOGY SERVICES: A STUDENT-ATHLETE POINT OF VIEW." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/47.
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This study explored student-athletes’ attitudes, stigmas, and preferences toward mental health and sport psychology services. Previous research has identified that student-athletes report similar rates of distress compared to the general student population (Davoren & Hwang, 2014; Frank, Hautzinger & Beckmann, 2013). While student-athletes are in need of mental health services, previous research has also found that student-athletes can benefit from the use of sport psychology services. Previous research has demonstrated the need to support student-athletes as people, students, and athletes (Andersen, Miles, Robinson, & Mahoney, 2004; Bond, 2002; Friesen & Orlick, 2010; Miller & Kerr, 2002). However, not all athletic departments offer mental health and sport psychology services for their student-athletes. Additionally, student-athletes, coaches, and athletic departments, often stigmatize mental health and sport psychology services which results in underutilization. In order to better understand the need and preferences of using these services from a student-athlete’s perspective, this study surveyed 174 iv NCAA Division 1 athletes. The findings of this study revealed that student-athletes were more likely to seek mental health and sport psychology services if they had a) positive attitudes toward seeking help, b) low levels of self-stigma and c) services accessible within their athletic department.
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Giannone, Zarina Alexandra. "Life after sport : the relationship between athletic identity and mental health outcomes after sport retirement." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56631.
Full textAbstract:
Research continues to expand in light of the growing interest in affecting healthy and positive sport career transition outcomes. Theories focusing on athlete transition have helped shape our understanding of the retirement experiences of competitive athletes; however, existing research has demonstrated mixed findings. Whereas some studies suggest that a significant proportion of athletes experience psychological complications upon sport career retirement, other studies have obtained minimal evidence of distress. The present study explored the relationships among athletic identity, mental health and well-being outcomes, and coping, both prior to and after retirement from interuniversity sport. A survey design was utilized with retiring varsity athletes across fourteen different sports at multiple western Canadian universities. Participants were asked to complete the survey approximately one month in to their final season of competition and approximately three months post-retirement. Measures in the survey included demographic questionnaires, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder, 1993), Flourishing Scale (Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi, & Biswas-Diener, 2009), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-1 (Speilberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), Brief COPE Inventory (Carver, 1997), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977), Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), and Subjective Vitality Scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997). Both descriptive (i.e., means, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (i.e., ANOVA, correlation) were calculated. Results indicated that athletes who had higher athletic identity had elevated depressive symptomology and state anxiety in comparison to athletes with lower athletic identity, after sport retirement. Results pertaining to the impact of coping on mental health and well-being variables, and their relation to athletic identity, were also supported. Particularly, athletes with higher athletic identity were found to use venting and self-distraction coping strategies significantly more than athletes with lower athletic identity, following sport career termination. Findings from the present study inform future research investigations and contribute new knowledge to the sport retirement and athlete career transition literature. With increased understanding of the psychological and emotional experience of retiring athletes, counselling and sport psychology professionals can provide the appropriate support and guidance required for adaptive transitions out of sport.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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McKnight, Katherine May 1963. "Psychological responses to athletic injury: An inquiry into self-discrepancy theory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278393.
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This study was designed to examine the relationships between exercising while injured, and variables found to be relevant in the exercise dependence literature. It was also designed to test the utility of the Self-discrepancy model (Higgins, 1989) of motivation, cognition and affect. Twenty-six (N = 26) injured athletes participated. The AIQ was designed for this study to measure involvement with exercise and the nature of the injury. Negative mood was measured by POMS, and self discrepancies were measured by the Selves Questionnaire. Therapists' ratings were included to measure injury rehabilitation behavior. Confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were used to test hypotheses. The utility of the self-discrepancy model for this sample, was unsupported. Seriousness and persistence with exercise, the recurrence of the injury, and depression due to the injury, were significant predictors of exercising while injured. A power analysis was used to test the probability of significant findings.
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Feeser, Kristiana Marie. "GETTING AHEAD OF THE GAME: A PREVENTATIVE ASSESSMENT PLAN FOR INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1859.
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While we know much about the psychology of sport, little gets translated onto the playing field. Typically, there is only consultation when a problem arises or when performance falls short. The purpose of this study was mainly exploratory in order to gather data on three factors of mental health, find any associations between those factors, and to predict any risk factors using demographic variables. Three validated measurement tools were used to measure burnout (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire; Raedeke & Smith, 2004), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II; Beck et al., 1996), and transition readiness (British Athletes Lifestyle Assessment Needs in Career and Education; Lavallee & Wylleman, 1999). The three measures (ABQ, BDI, and BALANCE) were found to be positively associated based on non-parametric correlation analyses. Medium to large effect sizes were found between each pair, indicating that there are possibly shared factors between depression, burnout, and transition risk. Multiple regression analyses indicated no significant demographic predictors of burnout, depression, or transition readiness. The results of this study show that most student-athletes in this sample are at mild risk for burnout, depression, and transition issues. Mental health screenings, like this one, can provide valuable information to athletic administrations and help avoid larger issues in the future.
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Thurston, Joan E. "Student-Athlete Perception of Coaching Leadership Behaviors’ Influence on Mental Health Symptoms Associated with Anxiety, Depression, Suicidality, and Substance Abuse." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/735.
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Abstract
Student-athletes are viewed as the epitome of health due to their physical appearance and talent set; however, it is their psychological health that needs significant attention (Etzel, 2006). Psychosocial stressors such as the pressures and demands of being a student and athlete as well as the demands and expectations of the coach have significant impact on the student-athlete’s mental health and well-being (Beauchemin, 2014; Cleary et al., 2011; Lafrenière et al., 2011; Mageau & Vallerand, 2003; Watson, 2005). The purpose of this research is to investigate any correlation between student-athletes’ perceptions of coaching leadership behaviors and the symptoms associated with disorders such as anxiety, depression, suicidality, and substance abuse. The Leadership Scale for Sport (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980) and the Symptom Assessment Measure instruments are used in this study. An exploratory analysis determined the reliability and construct validity of the instruments. Thirty-three student-athletes from a non-football Division I university engaged in the study, with twenty-eight completing some or all portions of study. All participants are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four. A linear regression analysis demonstrated no relation between the independent variable, student-athlete perception of coaching leadership behaviors and the dependent variable, symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, suicidal behavior, and substance abuse mental health disorders, (F=.52, p=.49, R2=.061, and Beta coefficient was -0.248). Gender differences is not determined due to the skewed sample consisting of eighty five percent female and fifteen percent male. Though the linear regression analysis indicates no relation between the dependent and independent variable, supplemental contextualization was given to additional questions asked on the Symptoms Assessment Measure. These findings provide evidence that student-athletes perceive that their coach’s leadership behaviors do have influence on their mental health. This reinforces reports that coaches do wield power over their athletes and their influence is related to student-athletes’ psychological well-being (Horn, 2008; Locke et al., 2012; Stebbings et al., 2012).
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Jones, Meghan A. "Drunkorexia: Predictors and Examination of a False Consensus Effect in College Women." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1570983623735799.
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Bernardo, Fátima Sofia Rosário Batista. "Os idosos e a prática desportiva no Concelho de Lamego." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29145.
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Bruckner, Terri Ann. "Using an Argument-based Approach to Validity for Selected Tests of Spatial Ability in Allied Medical Professions Students." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371562493.
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Gulliver, Amelia Jane Granville. "Mental health help-seeking in young elite athletes." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150919.
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Mental disorders are more common in early adulthood than at any other life stage. Despite this, young people have low rates of seeking professional help for mental health problems. Evidence shows that young elite athletes have less positive attitudes toward seeking help than non-athletes and thus may be particularly unlikely to seek help. Therefore, it is important to increase the likelihood of professional help-seeking in this group. This thesis reports the findings from five related studies that primarily investigated help-seeking for mental health problems in young elite athletes. The first was a systematic review examining published qualitative and quantitative studies of barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for young people in the general community. The review of 23 papers demonstrated that young people perceived stigma and embarrassment, poor mental health literacy, and a preference for self-reliance as the most important barriers to help-seeking. Although facilitators of help-seeking were found to be comparatively under-researched, there was evidence that positive past experiences, and social support and encouragement from others aid help-seeking. The second study involved focus groups conducted with 15 young elite athletes. It demonstrated that the help-seeking barriers were similar to those reported in the community: stigma, lack of mental health literacy, and negative past experiences of help-seeking. Facilitators of help-seeking were encouragement from others, having an established relationship with a provider, pleasant previous interactions with providers, the positive attitudes of others, especially their coach, and access to the Internet. The third study was a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of help-seeking for depression and anxiety (n = 6), most of which targeted young adults. Mental health literacy content was effective in improving help-seeking attitudes in most studies at post-intervention, but had no effect on help-seeking behaviour. There was less evidence for other intervention types such as destigmatisation or provision of help-seeking sources. The fourth study was a cross-sectional survey of the mental health of 639 young elite athletes. Half of the athletes met caseness for at least one mental health problem. In addition, the athlete sample was similar to the general community on symptom measures including depression and anxiety. The fifth study was an RCT investigating the effectiveness of three Internet-based interventions compared with a control condition for increasing help-seeking attitudes, intentions and behaviour in 59 young elite athletes. The interventions were a list of help-seeking sources, a feedback intervention, and a mental health literacy/destigmatisation intervention. The latter showed a non{u00AD} significant trend toward increased help-seeking behaviour among athletes, significant increases in depression and anxiety knowledge and some evidence of reduced stigma. However, the size of the sample able to be recruited was insufficient to detect a moderate effect size in help-seeking. In conclusion, mental health problems are common among elite athletes and there is a need to identify evidence-based interventions for increasing help-seeking behaviour in this group. Based on the current findings, further investigation of the effectiveness of online mental health literacy and stigma reduction content is warranted using a suitably powered trial.
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Mazur, Kelsey LaSage. "The psychosocial impact of ACL tear injury in collegiate male and female athletes." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/26900.
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BACKGROUND: Poor mental health and the varying stressors that provoke psychological disturbance are considerable issues that plague the United States young adult population. Within the collegiate student-athlete cohort, where athletes are subjected to unique pressures placed on them secondary to performance demands, significant injury such as an ACL tear requiring surgical reconstruction and a rigorous rehabilitation course remains a major contributor to psychological and physical disruption. Females in particular may be at higher risk of psychological instability due to hormonal and personality factors, increased injury rates, and gender bias that still exists in the collegiate sports world.
LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS: Despite recognition of the mental health sequelae of injury in this cohort, sports medicine personnel report discomfort in approaching emotional difficulties and mentoring athletes on the utilization of psychological skills. In conjunction, referral to sports psychologists remains low. The use of a universal self-report survey can help athletes and sports medicine providers acknowledge the psychological impact of injury and take proactive action to provide the athlete with the necessary psychological support needed to fully recover and return to play.
PROPOSED PROJECT: The goal of this cross-sectional study is to use a previously validated psychometric tool to assess and compare differences in acute psychological response to ACL tear in male and female collegiate soccer players. If there is a consistent gender disparity observed based on survey scores, sports medicine specialists could develop heightened awareness toward a specific gender that is at high-risk for psychological instability following injury and provide immediate psychological intervention if an event occurs.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a psychometric survey to assess mental health in the collegiate athlete population should be standard practice. If used correctly, the tool has the ability to assess injury response and the need for psychological intervention for all athletes suffering from chronic injuries. The benefits are widespread among all parties of the sports medicine team and the end result is increased stability and mental well-being within the athletic environment.
SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical significance of the study extends beyond identifying gender and demographic risk factors and aims to stress the importance of recognizing psychological distress following injury and the necessity of appropriate psychological intervention in a large population of student-athletes across the country.
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Dukic, Jelena. "Dualistic model of passion and mental health in a sample of Canadian student-athletes." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3789.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of mental health problems in student-athletes has garnered an increased interest and concern among researchers and university administrators; however, limited literature is available on Canadian student-athletes. The purpose of this study was to explore whether role conflict and passion were predictive of mental health constructs, (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life) in a sample of Canadian student-athletes. The final sample consisted of 148 participants (105 females and 43 males) from five universities belonging to the Canada West Universities Athletic Association. Participants completed an online survey comprised of DASS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), SWLS (Satisfaction with Life), DMP (Dualistic Model of Passion Scale) and sets of questions about personal characteristics and self-perceived conflict between their academic and athletic roles. Conflict was reported by 70% of males and 55% of females.In addition, 99.32% of surveyed student-athletes were passionate about sport, while 73.65% were passionate about school. Passion for sport and conflict were found to be correlated with mental health variables and statistically significant predictors of depression, anxiety and stress explaining 16%, 14.8% and 21.8% of variance in scores, while passion for school and conflict were significant predictors of satisfaction with life explaining 16.5% of score variance (p<0.05). Finally, males reported higher rate of “severe” depression (17% vs. 10%), anxiety (24% vs. 13%), and stress (17% vs. 15%) than females. These findings reveal relationships between investigated mental health constructs and passion and role conflict in student-athletes while adding to the limited research in a Canadian setting.Graduate
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Rajaram, Riana. "The psychosocial factors associated with athletic retirement in elite and competitive athletes." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13362.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Career ending injuries are known to cause negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in retired athletes. However, there has been a limited amount of quantitative studies to complement mostly qualitative research. Furthermore, qualitative studies have typically assessed the effects of athletic identity, mental health/mood disturbances, loss, coping mechanisms and social support with minimal research regarding physical body transitions and body-esteem throughout the retirement process. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between affective, behavioural, and cognitive outcomes and athletic retirement (voluntary, involuntary) among elite and competitive athletes. Method: A retrospective mixed method (questionnaire and interview) study was utilized to examine how participants interpreted their experience during the transitional process into retirement. Inclusion criteria consisted of male and female, elite and competitive athletes who have voluntarily or involuntarily (career ending injury) retired, ages 18 and above. Exclusion criteria included non-athletes/recreational athletes, athletes who were able to return to play or retired due to illness, health problems or deselection as well as who were less than 18 years of age. Posters were advertised in sports clubs, fitness centers, sports centers, physiotherapy offices and universities as well as on social media (Facebook and Instagram). The main outcome measures are as follows:1) Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS); 2) Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), 3) Mental Health and 4) COPE Inventory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from both retirement (voluntary and involuntary) groups. All interviews (telephone, zoom) were recorded, transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was implemented to further determine the various themes and subthemes. An independent t-test explored the impacts of body dimensions and coping mechanisms on retirement type. Then a factorial ANOVA was conducted to examine the
effects of the dependent variables (mental health, mood disturbances and coping mechanisms) on the main analysis (retirement) and the exploratory (strength of athletic identity) analysis. Results: 50 (26 involuntary and 24 voluntary) questionnaires and eight (four voluntary and four involuntary) interviews were completed by the participants. Results from the quantitative data revealed a borderline main effect of retirement type on both mental health and mood disturbances. An exploratory analysis found retirees who weakly identified with the athletic role were less likely to experience severe mood disturbances and demonstrated higher levels of mental health than retirees who strongly identified with the athletic role. Information from qualitative data suggested participants who involuntarily retired and possessed a strong athletic identity experienced higher levels of mood disturbances (depression, frustrations, loss etc.), lower levels of mental health, identity loss, physical discomfort, negative effects of mind and body dualism as well as utilized maladaptive coping techniques than their counterpart who voluntarily retired or weakly identified with the athletic role. Conclusion: Both retirement types are subjected to various athletic and non-athletic demands and psychosocial effects of athletic retirement however, what sets them apart from experiencing a successful or unsuccessful transition into retirement is the intensity and severity of their emotional reaction to their retirement. Limitations of said study included a decrease in sample size, memory recall bias, the participant’s own bias, limited diversity of the sample population as well as the inability to verify the findings from the interviews. The following study can be implemented to aid researchers, retired or soon to be retired athletes, coaches and athletic personnel to comprehend the diverse areas of athletic retirement. Future research should aim to investigate the impacts of mood disorders, the utilization of psychologist or mental performance consultant during the retirement process as well as the effects of body dimensions in retired athletes. Lastly, a longitudinal study should be employed to examine the athlete’s emotional response and reaction throughout retirement (time of injury, during physiotherapy, post- surgery and recovery).Graduate
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"A psycho-educational perspective on families with adolescents achieving in sport." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14361.
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M.Phil.South Africa was excluded from international sport for many years. Competing at Olympic Games and World Championships were dreams lost to a whole generation. Today, some of these former high achievers or sports lovers are now parents helping their children or others competing with the rest in the world and some are even winning medals ...
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Reagan, Brian Patrick. "Investigation of Indiana tennis coaches' knowledge of disordered eating and nutrition and their confidence in such knowledge." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/8894.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)It is well documented that a variety of sports coaches lack nutrition knowledge. However, few studies explore their knowledge of appropriate weight loss methods, macronutrient intake, or disordered eating. Unfortunately, both college and high school coaches disseminate inaccurate nutrition and weight loss counsel to their respective athletes who are just as unknowledgeable. Further, there is little research, which only focuses on coaches of a specific sport (e.g. tennis). Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to assess high school tennis coaches' knowledge of macronutrients and disordered eating (e.g. symptoms and prevention). Other purposes included identifying confidence in knowledge and any differences between the participating coaches' knowledge and demographic variables. To address these purposes, the 27-question Nutrition and Eating Disorders in Tennis ("NET") Survey was created (and validated). The study design involved a one-time, voluntary assessment of the Indiana coaches' demographic variables, knowledge, sources of knowledge, and level of confidence (e.g. Not At All or Very Confident). Overall, the results revealed that the coaches lacked knowledge. The average score was 70.6%, which was below the criterion for adequate knowledge. Furthermore, the coaches lacked adequate knowledge in three of the five knowledge domains: Treatment and Prevention of Disordered Eating (63.6% ± 22.9%), Disordered Eating Signs and Symptoms (60.0% ± 21.7%), and Macronutrients (57.0% ± 22.4%). The latter was further substantiated through the responses to scenario questions (Part 3). Specifically, the tennis coaches demonstrated a significant knowledge deficiency of carbohydrates, energy needs, and appropriate scope of practice. There was no significant difference between coaches' education level, gender, or type and knowledge. However, there was in experience; the more years coached, the lower the scores. Moreover, there was a trend of overconfidence in the most missed questions. This dissertation's data can provide basis for coaches' educational programs.
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DONG, RUEI-YU, and 董芮妤. "Athlete 's Mental Health Management Strategy: Effect of Gratitude on Athlete 's Life Satisfaction." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36706963825761922562.
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碩士國立體育大學
休閒產業經營學系
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The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of athletes' gratitude on life satisfaction. A single-subject research designed with A-B-A reversal included baseline phase, intervention phase and tracking phase was used in this study. Each phase will last for one week and experiment takes totally three weeks. Questionnaires and letters in dairy way will be written three times a week. Life satisfaction and individual emotional state as criterion to make a comprehensive assessment. The result shows negative trends in three aspects (positive emotions, negative emotions, life satisfaction).