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Journal articles on the topic 'Atomic clocks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Boldbaatar, Enkhtuvshin, Donald Grant, Suelynn Choy, Safoora Zaminpardaz, and Lucas Holden. "Evaluating Optical Clock Performance for GNSS Positioning." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135998.

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Atomic clocks are highly precise timing devices used in numerous Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) applications on the ground and in outer space. In recent years, however, more precise timing solutions based on optical technology have been introduced as current technology capabilities advance. State-of-the-art optical clocks—predicted to be the next level of their predecessor atomic clocks—have achieved ultimate uncertainty of 1 × 10−18 and beyond, which exceeds the best atomic clock’s performance by two orders of magnitude. Hence, the successful development of optical clocks has drawn

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2

Lu, Xiao-Yu, Jin-Shu Huang, Cong-Bin Liu, et al. "Modeling Clock Comparison Experiments to Test Special Relativity." Universe 9, no. 4 (2023): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9040189.

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The clock comparison experiments to test special relativity mainly include the Michelson–Morley experiment, Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, Ives–Stilwell experiment and the comparison experiment of atomic clocks in two locations. These experiments can be roughly classified as the comparison of two types of clocks: optical clocks and atomic clocks. Through the comparison of such clocks, Lorentz invariance breaking parameters in the RMS framework can be tested. However, in such experiments, the structural effects of optical clocks have been fully considered, yet the structural effects of atomic cl

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3

Liu, Kun, Xiaolong Guan, Xiaoqian Ren, and Jianfeng Wu. "Disciplining a Rubidium Atomic Clock Based on Adaptive Kalman Filter." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144495.

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Rubidium atomic clocks have been used extensively in various fields, with applications such as a core component of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, they exhibit inherently poor long-term stability. This paper presents the development of a control system for rubidium atomic clocks. It introduces an adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm for the disciplining of a rubidium atomic clock, utilizing autocovariance least squares (ALS) to estimate the clock’s noise parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a high estimation accuracy. The sta

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Gellesch, Markus, Jonathan Jones, Richard Barron, et al. "Transportable optical atomic clocks for use in out-of-the-lab environments." Advanced Optical Technologies 9, no. 5 (2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2020-0023.

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AbstractRecently, several reports with a strong focus on compact, nonstationary optical atomic clocks have been published, including accounts of in-field deployment of these devices for demonstrations of chronometric levelling in different types of environments. We review recent progress in this research area, comprising compact and transportable neutral atom and single-ion optical atomic clocks. The identified transportable optical clocks strive for low volume, weight and power consumption while exceeding standard microwave atomic clocks in fractional frequency instability and systematic unce

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5

GIBBLE, KURT. "ATOMIC CLOCKS AND PRECISION MEASUREMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12b (2007): 2495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011383.

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We present a review of our clock science conducted under the NASA Microgravity Fundamental Physics program. Our work has led to the development of rubidium atomic clocks, designs for ground- and space-based clocks that juggle atoms to achieve ultrahigh stability and accuracy, improved microwave cavities for atomic clocks, and elucidation of new systematic errors such as the atomic recoil from microwave photons. High stability clocks can be used for precise tests of fundamental physics and accurate deep-space navigation.

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6

Li, Shuaichen, Chong Li, Jianfeng Wu, and Haibo Cui. "Test and Analysis of Timekeeping Performance of Atomic Clock." Sensors 22, no. 24 (2022): 9886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249886.

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At present, there are few articles about the timekeeping performance of domestic atomic clocks in their moving state. In this paper, the frequency stability changes of hydrogen atomic and cesium atomic clocks in stationary and moving states are compared and analyzed; the frequency stability of the atomic clock at the beginning of its transition from moving state to stationary state is tested and analyzed; the influence of three main noises of atomic clocks on frequency stability is analyzed; and finally, the difference in the predictability of atomic clocks in moving and stationary states is a

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7

Shamkhal Abbasov, Nazrin Aliyeva, Shamkhal Abbasov, Nazrin Aliyeva. "TIME METROLOGY IN AZERBAIJAN. ESTIMATION OF THE QUANTITY." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 37, no. 02 (2024): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei37022024-78.

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Time is one of the seven units in SI and its determination stands for some hundred years ago. The fundamental principle for measuring time is to take such kinds of events that happen periodically. The distance between the hyperfine energy levels of the atom never changes. The transition of electrons from the ground state to the excited state and vice versa (the hyperfine levels belong to the ground state) is the best event for the determination of time. Therefore, atomic clocks are the best devices for accurate time measurement. Atomic clocks are being used for different types of purposes in s

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8

Ahmed, Mushtaq, Daniel V. Magalhães, Aida Bebeachibuli, et al. "The Brazilian time and frequency atomic standards program." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, no. 2 (2008): 217–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000200002.

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Cesium atomic beam clocks have been the workhorse for many demanding applications in science and technology for the past four decades. Tests of the fundamental laws of physics and the search for minute changes in fundamental constants, the synchronization of telecommunication networks, and realization of the satellite-based global positioning system would not be possible without atomic clocks. The adoption of optical cooling and trapping techniques, has produced a major advance in atomic clock precision. Cold-atom fountain and compact cold-atom clocks have also been developed. Measurement prec

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Burt, E. A., T. A. Ely, and R. L. Tjoelker. "DSAC and next generation high stability, long life trapped mercury ion frequency standards." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012014.

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Abstract The methods of trapping and cooling of atoms and ions have been transformative for atomic clocks due to the reduction, and in some cases elimination, of major systematic frequency shifts. Continuously operating atomic clocks based on trapped mercury ions have existed for decades but until recently have been restricted to terrestrial applications. The recently completed Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) mission demonstrated the first trapped ion clock operation in space. Here we review DSAC as well as follow-on improvements towards the realization of high stability, long life Hg ion atomi

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10

Lemonde, Pierre. "Atomic clocks." Physics World 14, no. 1 (2001): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/14/1/29.

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11

Galleani, Lorenzo, and Patrizia Tavella. "Identifying Nonstationary Clock Noises in Navigation Systems." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2008 (April 6, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/524317.

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The stability of the atomic clocks on board the satellites of a navigation system should remain constant with time. In reality there are numerous physical phenomena that make the behavior of the clocks a function of time, and for this reason we have recently introduced the dynamic Allan variance (DAVAR), a measure of the time-varying stability of an atomic clock. In this paper we discuss the dynamic Allan variance for phase and frequency jumps, two common nonstationarities of atomic clocks. The analysis of both numerical simulations and experimental data proves that the dynamic Allan variance

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12

Bondarescu, Ruxandra, Andreas Schärer, Andrew Lundgren, et al. "Ground-based optical atomic clocks as a tool to monitor vertical surface motion." Geophysical Journal International 202, no. 3 (2015): 1770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv246.

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Abstract According to general relativity, a clock experiencing a shift in the gravitational potential ΔU will measure a frequency change given by Δf/f ≈ ΔU/c2. The best clocks are optical clocks. After about 7 hr of integration they reach stabilities of Δf/f ∼ 10−18 and can be used to detect changes in the gravitational potential that correspond to vertical displacements of the centimetre level. At this level of performance, ground-based atomic clock networks emerge as a tool that is complementary to existing technology for monitoring a wide range of geophysical processes by directly measuring

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13

GALLEANI, LORENZO, and PATRIZIA TAVELLA. "CHARACTERIZATION OF NONSTATIONARY ATOMIC CLOCKS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 04 (2007): L461—L471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507004100.

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Atomic clocks are the core of a navigation system. Since an error in time results in an error in the user localization, it is fundamental that the stability is very high and constant with time. In this paper we discuss the dynamic Allan variance, or DAVAR, a representation of the time-varying stability of an atomic clock. We show by simulation its effectiveness in tracking common nonstationary behaviors of a clock.

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14

Liu, Mochi, Yu Chen, Qian Xu, Yuzhuo Wang, Yuan Gao, and Aimin Zhang. "Mirror Clock: A Strategy for Identifying Atomic Clock Frequency Jumps." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228995.

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Atomic clock frequency jumps directly influence the accuracy and reliability of timekeeping systems. The necessary corrections are typically implemented by postprocessing mutual comparison data between multiple atomic clocks based on the overly strict assumption that these atomic clocks are independent of each other. This paper describes the concept of a mirror clock, which enables atomic clock frequency jumps to be identified in real time without any assumptions. By comparing whether the real measured data and a corresponding mirror clock prediction fall within a confidence interval determine

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15

Gu, Shengfeng, Feiyu Mao, Xiaopeng Gong, Yidong Lou, Xueyong Xu, and Ye Zhou. "Evaluation of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellite Atomic Clock Products and Their Effects on Positioning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (2021): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245041.

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The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has completed third phase construction and currently provides global services, with a mixed constellation of BDS-2 and BDS-3. The newly launched BDS-3 satellites are equipped with rubidium and passive hydrogen maser (PHM) atomic clocks. The performance of atomic clocks is one of the cores of satellite navigation system, which will affect the performance of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT). In this paper, we systematically analyze the characteristics of BDS-2 and BDS-3 atomic clocks, based on more than one year of precise satellite clock prod

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16

Cacciapuoti, L., A. Busso, R. Jansen, et al. "Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012005.

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Abstract The Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) mission is developing high performance clocks and links for space to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity. From the International Space Station, the ACES payload will distribute a clock signal with fractional frequency stability and accuracy of 1 × 10−16 establishing a worldwide network to compare clocks in space and on the ground. ACES will provide an absolute measurement of Einstein’s gravitational redshift, it will search for time variations of fundamental constants, contribute to test topological dark matter models, and perform Sta

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17

Liang, Yifeng, Jiangning Xu, Miao Wu, and Fangneng Li. "Analysis of the Long-Term Characteristics of BDS On-Orbit Satellite Atomic Clock: Since BDS-3 Was Officially Commissioned." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (2022): 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184535.

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Satellite atomic clocks are the key elements for position, navigation, and timing services of the Global navigation satellite system (GNSS); it is necessary to research the characteristics of BDS-3 on-orbit satellite atomic clocks for their further optimization. In this study, clock offset data with a duration of 620 days since BDS-3 was officially commissioned were applied to long-term characteristic analysis. To begin with, the precision clock offset data of Deutsches geoforschungs zentrum (GFZ) processed by a MAD-based method were used as reliable test data. Herein, the working principle an

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18

Akerman, Nitzan, and Roee Ozeri. "Atomic combination clocks." New Journal of Physics 20, no. 12 (2018): 123026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aaf4cb.

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19

Ludlow, Andrew D., Martin M. Boyd, Jun Ye, E. Peik, and P. O. Schmidt. "Optical atomic clocks." Reviews of Modern Physics 87, no. 2 (2015): 637–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.87.637.

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20

Osborne, I. S. "Shrinking Atomic Clocks." Science 339, no. 6116 (2013): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.339.6116.120-c.

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21

Wynands, R., and S. Weyers. "Atomic fountain clocks." Metrologia 42, no. 3 (2005): S64—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/s08.

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22

Singh, Sukhjit, Jyoti, Bindiya Arora, B. K. Sahoo, and Yan-mei Yu. "Magic Wavelengths for Optical-Lattice Based Cs and Rb Active Clocks." Atoms 8, no. 4 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8040079.

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Active clocks could provide better stabilities during initial stages of measurements over passive clocks, in which stabilities become saturated only after long-term measurements. This unique feature of an active clock has led to search for suitable candidates to construct such clocks. The other challenging task of an atomic clock is to reduce its possible systematics. A major part of the optical lattice atomic clocks based on neutral atoms are reduced by trapping atoms at the magic wavelengths of the optical lattice lasers. Keeping this in mind, we find the magic wavelengths between all possib

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23

Fortier, Tara. "Frequency combs for precision synthesis and characterization of optical atomic standards." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012021.

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Abstract Over the past 20 years, optical frequency combs with atomic clocks, have been a powerful and enabling technology in the context of time and frequency measurement. Impressively, optical atomic clocks have yielded a 100 million-fold improvement in uncertainty in the past 30 years. These improvements are fueling a push toward redefinition of the SI second to optical atomic references, as well as application of atomic clocks to tests of fundamental physics and as relativistic gravitational sensors. Unfortunately, the long times needed to average down clock quantum projection noise and las

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24

Nakamura, Takuma, Josue Davila-Rodriguez, Holly Leopardi, et al. "Coherent optical clock down-conversion for microwave frequencies with 10−18 instability." Science 368, no. 6493 (2020): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2473.

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Optical atomic clocks are poised to redefine the Système International (SI) second, thanks to stability and accuracy more than 100 times better than the current microwave atomic clock standard. However, the best optical clocks have not seen their performance transferred to the electronic domain, where radar, navigation, communications, and fundamental research rely on less stable microwave sources. By comparing two independent optical-to-electronic signal generators, we demonstrate a 10-gigahertz microwave signal with phase that exactly tracks that of the optical clock phase from which it is d

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25

Hou, Wang, Tang, and Zhang. "Design of a RF Switch Used in Redundant Atomic Clock Configurations." Sensors 19, no. 10 (2019): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102331.

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Atomic clocks provide frequency reference signals for communication, aerospace, satellite navigation and other systems. The redundant configuration of atomic clocks is necessary for ensuring the continuity and stability of the system. A radio frequency (RF) switch is usually used as a switching device in the switching system of the host atomic clock and the backup atomic clock. When the atomic clock fails, the switching between the host and the backup clock can be carried out quickly. Aiming at the fast switching requirements of atomic clock RF signals, this paper proposes a new series-shunt P

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Wang, Hu, Pengyuan Li, Jiexian Wang, Hongyang Ma, Yangfei Hou, and Yingying Ren. "Analysis of BDS-3 Real-Time Satellite Clock Offset Estimated in Global and Asia-Pacific and the Corresponding PPP Performances." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (2022): 6206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246206.

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The quality of satellite clock offset affects the performances of positioning, navigation and timing services, and thus it is essential to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This research focuses on the estimation of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) real-time precise satellite clock offset by using GNSS stations located in the Global and Asia-Pacific region based on the mixed-difference model. The precision of the estimated BDS clock corrections is then analyzed with the classification of the orbit types, satellite generations, and atomic clock types. The results show that

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Zhang, Hongyang, Xinlin Geng, Zonglin Ye, Kailei Wang, Qian Xie, and Zheng Wang. "A frequency servo SoC with output power stabilization loop technology for miniaturized atomic clocks." Journal of Semiconductors 45, no. 6 (2024): 062202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/23120056.

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Abstract A frequency servo system-on-chip (FS-SoC) featuring output power stabilization technology is introduced in this study for high-precision and miniaturized cesium (Cs) atomic clocks. The proposed power stabilization loop (PSL) technique, incorporating an off-chip power detector (PD), ensures that the output power of the FS-SoC remains stable, mitigating the impact of power fluctuations on the atomic clock's stability. Additionally, a one-pulse-per-second (1PPS) is employed to synchronize the clock with GPS. Fabricated using 65 nm CMOS technology, the measured phase noise of the FS-SoC s

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Riehle, Fritz. "Atomic clocks speed up." Physics World 14, no. 10 (2001): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/14/10/28.

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Pultarova, T. "Changing times [atomic clocks]." Engineering & Technology 10, no. 6 (2015): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2015.0629.

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30

Mehlstäubler, Tanja E., Gesine Grosche, Christian Lisdat, Piet O. Schmidt, and Heiner Denker. "Atomic clocks for geodesy." Reports on Progress in Physics 81, no. 6 (2018): 064401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aab409.

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31

Arndt, Markus, and Christian Brand. "Interference of atomic clocks." Science 349, no. 6253 (2015): 1168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0683.

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32

Kasevich, M. A., E. Riis, S. Chu, and R. G. DeVoe. "Atomic fountains and clocks." Optics News 15, no. 12 (1989): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/on.15.12.000031.

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33

Sen, Arko P., Kalia Pfeffer, Paul Ries, Geoff Blewitt, and Andrei Derevianko. "Multi-messenger astronomy in the new physics modality with GPS constellation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012003.

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Abstract We explore a novel, exotic physics, modality in multi-messenger astronomy. We are interested in exotic fields emitted by the mergers and their direct detection with a network of atomic clocks. We specifically focus on the rubidium clocks onboard satellites of the Global Positioning System. Bursts of exotic fields may be produced during the coalescence of black hole singularities, releasing quantum gravity messengers. To be detectable such fields must be ultralight and ultra-relativistic and we refer to them as exotic low-mass fields (ELFs). Since such fields possess non-zero mass, the

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Zhang, Xibo, and Jun Ye. "Precision measurement and frequency metrology with ultracold atoms." National Science Review 3, no. 2 (2016): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww013.

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Abstract Precision measurement and frequency metrology have pushed many scientific and technological frontiers in the field of atomic, molecular and optical physics. In this article, we provide a brief review on the recent development of optical atomic clocks, with an emphasis placed on the important inter-dependence between measurement precision and systematic effects. After presenting a general discussion on the motivation and techniques behind the development of optical lattice clocks, where the use of many atoms greatly enhances the measurement precision, we present the JILA strontium opti

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Wcisło, P., P. Ablewski, K. Beloy, et al. "New bounds on dark matter coupling from a global network of optical atomic clocks." Science Advances 4, no. 12 (2018): eaau4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4869.

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We report on the first Earth-scale quantum sensor network based on optical atomic clocks aimed at dark matter (DM) detection. Exploiting differences in the susceptibilities to the fine-structure constant of essential parts of an optical atomic clock, i.e., the cold atoms and the optical reference cavity, we can perform sensitive searches for DM signatures without the need for real-time comparisons of the clocks. We report a two orders of magnitude improvement in constraints on transient variations of the fine-structure constant, which considerably improves the detection limit for the standard

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Matusko, Martina, and Marion Delehaye. "Superradiant active optical atomic clocks: motivations and current challenges." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012045.

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Abstract Current state-of-the-art frequency standards are passive optical atomic clocks where the frequency of an optical resonator is stabilized to a narrow atomic transition. Passive clocks have achieved unprecedented stabilities of 6.6 × 10−19 over one hour of averaging time [1]. However, they face intrinsic limitations, particularly due to thermal and mechanical fluctuations of the local oscillator. To surpass the limitations of the passive clocks and go beyond the state-of-the-art, the idea of building active optical atomic clocks emerges. These clocks would be optical counterparts of hyd

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Allan, D. W., and N. Ashby. "Coordinate time in the vicinity of the Earth." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 114 (1986): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090014834x.

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Atomic clock accuracies continue to improve rapidly, requiring the inclusion of general relativity for unambiguous time and frequency clock comparisons. Atomic clocks are now placed on space vehicles and there are many new applications of time and frequency metrology. This paper addresses theoretical and practical limitations in the accuracy of atomic clock comparisons arising from relativity, and demonstrates that accuracies of time and frequency comparison can approach a few picoseconds and a few parts in 1016, respectively.

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Wang, Zheyang. "Feasibility of Optical Atomic Clocks implementing on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in the Near Future." Transactions on Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research 7 (November 25, 2024): 450–56. https://doi.org/10.62051/0qmbhm06.

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This paper evaluates the feasibility and advantages of implementing optical atomic clocks in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Traditional GNSS relies on atomic clocks that works on microwave frequencies, which, while reliable, have limitations in precision and stability. Optical atomic clocks, operating at higher frequencies and narrower linewidths, promise significantly enhanced precision and stability due to their utilization of highly stable lasers, atomic references, and optical cavities. These improvements could address current shortcomings in GNSS accuracy and reliability. The

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Peil, S., W. Tobias, J. Whalen, B. Hemingway, and T. G. Akin. "Progress on Optical Clock Technology for Operational Timescales." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012017.

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Abstract While optical clock technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, incorporating the technology into operational timescales has progressed more slowly. The highest accuracy frequency standards for groundbreaking measurements do not easily translate to critical timing where continuous, uninterrupted operation over many months and years is required. For example, intermittent steering of a hydrogen maser with an optical standard fails to harness all of the dramatic improvements possible with optical technology. Here we present progress on development and integration of optical-clock te

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Bravo, Tupac, Dennis Rätzel, and Ivette Fuentes. "Gravitational time dilation in extended quantum systems: The case of light clocks in Schwarzschild spacetime." AVS Quantum Science 5, no. 1 (2023): 014401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/5.0123228.

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The precision of optical atomic clocks is approaching a regime where they resolve gravitational time dilation on smaller scales than their own extensions. Hence, an accurate description of quantum clocks has to take their spatial extension into account. In this article, as a first step toward a fully relativistic description of extended quantum clocks, we investigate a quantized version of Einstein's light clock fixed at a constant distance from a large massive object like the Earth. The model consists of a quantum light field in a one-dimensional cavity in Schwarzschild spacetime, where the d

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Bothwell, Tobias. "Prospective Optical Lattice Clocks in Neutral Atoms with Hyperfine Structure." Atoms 12, no. 3 (2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms12030014.

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Optical lattice clocks combine the accuracy and stability required for next-generation frequency standards. At the heart of these clocks are carefully engineered optical lattices tuned to a wavelength where the differential AC Stark shift between ground and excited states vanishes—the so called ‘magic’ wavelength. To date, only alkaline-earth-like atoms utilizing clock transitions with total electronic angular momentum J=0 have successfully realized these magic wavelength optical lattices at the level necessary for state-of-the-art clock operation. In this article, we discuss two additional ty

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Khabarova, Ksenia, Denis Kryuchkov, Alexander Borisenko, et al. "Toward a New Generation of Compact Transportable Yb+ Optical Clocks." Symmetry 14, no. 10 (2022): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14102213.

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Optical atomic clocks are currently one of the most sensitive tools making it possible to precisely test the fundamental symmetry properties of spacetime and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, the extremely high stability and accuracy of compact transportable optical clocks open new perspectives in important fields, such as satellite navigation, relativistic geodesy, and the global time and frequency network. Our project aimed to develop a compact transportable optical clock based on a single ytterbium ion. We present the first prototype of the Yb+ clock (298 kg in 1 m3) and pr

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Ju, Bowen, Peter Yun, Qiang Hao, Shuai Nie, and Guobin Liu. "A low phase and amplitude noise microwave source for vapor cell atomic clocks." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 10 (2022): 104709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096589.

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A low-noise microwave source plays a key role in high-performance passive atomic clocks. Here, we propose and implement a microwave frequency synthesizer featuring a low phase and amplitude noise. With the help of a high-Q factor surface acoustic wave band-pass filter, we generate a microwave with targeted frequency by frequency multiplication of a low noise local oscillator at a radio frequency with the closest integer. At the frequency offset of 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, and 10 kHz, the absolute phase noise of the output 3.417 GHz signal is −53.0, −83.3, −107.7, −119.2, and −124.0 dBc/Hz,

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Jiang, Li, Xu Yan, Wei Xu, and Hancheng Zhao. "Design of Light, Small, and High-precision Digital Servo Clock for LEO Constellation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2638, no. 1 (2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2638/1/012004.

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Abstract Modern low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have placed increasingly stringent requirements on spaceborne time-frequency systems in the fields of constellation autonomous management, distributed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, and navigation time service. Admittedly, the original high-stability constant-temperature crystal oscillator and high-stability temperature-compensated crystal oscillator can no longer comply with the indicator requirements of clock source frequency characteristics and clock synchronization accuracy. Likewise, traditional satellites use atomic clocks

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Yang, Fan, Xinliang Wang, Jun Ruan, et al. "Experimental Evaluation of the Blackbody Radiation Shift in the Cesium Atomic Fountain Clock." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010510.

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The cesium atomic fountain clock is the world’s most accurate microwave atomic clock. The uncertainty of blackbody radiation (BBR) shift accounts for an increasingly large percentage of the uncertainty associated with fountain clocks and has become a key factor in the performance of fountain clocks. The uncertainty of BBR shift can be reduced by improving the system environment temperature. This study examined the mechanism by which the BBR shift of the transition frequency between the two hyperfine energy levels of the 133Cs ground state is generated and the calculation method for the BBR shi

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46

Burnett, Keith, and Kalle-Antti Suominen. "Collision course for atomic clocks." Physics World 7, no. 11 (1994): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/7/11/28.

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Fryer, T. "The Measure of: Atomic clocks." Engineering & Technology 13, no. 2 (2018): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2018.0212.

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Love, A. W. "GPS, atomic clocks and relativity." IEEE Potentials 13, no. 2 (1994): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/45.283881.

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Wogan, Tim. "Entangled states boost atomic clocks." Physics World 37, no. 12 (2024): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/37/12/01.

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Knappe, S., P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, et al. "Microfabricated atomic clocks and magnetometers." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 8, no. 7 (2006): S318—S322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/8/7/s04.

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