Journal articles on the topic 'Authors, Honduran'
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1
Stenquist, Derek S., Suyapa Bejarano, Linda S. Kennedy, Silvia Portillo, Ana Barrientos, Suzanne P. Burgos, Roberto Armando Elvir Zelaya, et al. "Partnering for Success: Expanding Breast and Cancer Screening in Rural Honduras One Clinic at a Time." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 24s—25s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003848.
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Abstract 36 Background: Women in rural Honduras have limited access to cancer education, screening, and care. With village leaders, we piloted breast and cervical cancer screening in El Rosario, Honduras. Our objectives were to improve awareness and access, mitigate barriers, connect community and Honduran providers, and link patients with abnormal findings to cancer treatment. In 2013, health professionals and staff from Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth- Hitchcock joined Honduran clinicians and medical students from La Liga Contra el Cáncer for two days of rural cancer screening. Peer educators taught 475 participants from 31 rural communities how to conduct self-breast exams. Of these participants, 238 chose clinical breast exams; 5% were clinically abnormal and 2.9% were referred for services at La Liga with 100% compliance. 34% reported barriers to cervical cancer screening due to distance and lack of transportation. 14.5% tested positive for HPV and 8% were positive for high risk HPV genotypes including 11 of 13 known high risk types. This group has been retested periodically by Pap. The collaborators will return in April 2016 to repeat the study, adding oral and thyroid screening. Genotyping for hrHPV will be onsite with a novel assay for PCR developed at Dartmouth-Hitchcock. Reflex testing with Pap will follow as needed. Follow up will be at La Liga where care is offered for free or at a reduced cost. A similar project for 400 urban factory-workers will also take place in April 2016. Methods: 2-day, multi-modal education and screening outreach run brigade-style combining low-tech primary screening with onsite molecular pathology. Conclusions: Partnerships between local leaders and clinicians are predicted to be essential to project implementation. Targeting populations with education and screening plus building connections to follow up care will provide earlier detection of breast and cervical cancer. We predict that community leadership will be critical to preventing loss to follow-up. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Derek S. Stenquist No relationship to disclose Suyapa Bejarano No relationship to disclose Linda S. Kennedy No relationship to disclose Silvia Portillo No relationship to disclose Ana Barrientos No relationship to disclose Suzanne P. Burgos No relationship to disclose Roberto Armando Elvir Zelaya No relationship to disclose Christine Averill No relationship to disclose Emmeline Liu No relationship to disclose Francine de Abreau No relationship to disclose Paul Burchard No relationship to disclose Torrey Gallagher No relationship to disclose Martha Goodrich No relationship to disclose Scottie Eliassen No relationship to disclose Julie Weiss No relationship to disclose Camilo Mandujano No relationship to disclose Jennifer Alford-Teaster No relationship to disclose Gregory J. Tsongalis Research Funding: Illumina, Qiagen, Thermofisher Tracy Onega No relationship to disclose Mary D. Chamberlin No relationship to disclose
2
Mérida, Julio Enrique, and Gustavo Adolfo Cruz. "First record brown four-eyed opossum marsupial in Honduras ( Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve )." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1163.
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It is adding a new record of marsupial to Honduras, Metachirus nudicaudatus, and the second record to Nuclear Central America, based in two specimens, male and female. These increments to nine species and six the generas of didelphids for the country. The female without a pouch that it is present in other Honduras didelphids, execpt in marmosa. Specimens come from the community of Baltiltuk, Platano River Biosphera Reserve (RBRP), Gracias a Dios Department. There are discrepancies in the litterature about its distribution in México and Central America, some authors mention its from Honduras, but without catalogue record, hightligthin the importance of the record of the specie.
3
Herrmann, Nicholas P., Derek C. Benedix, Ann M. Scott, and Valerie A. Haskins. "A Brief Comment on an Intentionally Modified Tooth from the Rio Talgua Region, Northeastern Honduras." Dental Anthropology Journal 13, no. 2 (September 7, 2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v13i2.191.
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A single tooth from an ossuary cave in eastern Honduras was examined for the evidence of intentional modification. Using various microscopic methods, the authors did not observe linear striations associated with filing. However, characteristics consistent with normal masticatory processes were documented.
4
Thomas, Brian. "Pico-Hydropower Franchising in Rural Honduras." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2011): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v6i1.3213.
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This paper describes a four-year effort to alleviate poverty in rural villages of Honduras by creating financially self-sustaining electricity businesses at the village level. What began as a humanitarian engineering project undertaken by students and faculty at Baylor University, subsequently evolved into a larger effort of social entrepreneurship that included the incorporation of companies in the United States and Honduras. A novel micro-franchise business model was created that used small hydropower systems to generate electricity in local villages, and local villagers having vested financial interests to maintain, distribute, and protect these systems. Two of the authors relocated to Honduras to install village-level franchises, but numerous problems plagued the project. A few months after we launched the businesses, however, a fatal flaw was identified in the business model regarding the pace at which new systems could be deployed. Disclosure of this flaw resulted in the loss of funding. This paper will attempt to share the successes and failures of this project. Focus will be given to the most innovative aspects of our project which were largely entrepreneurial in nature. Technical details, when they are novel, will be shared, but hydro electric basics will be omitted where there is existing literature.
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Ariza, Marina, and Orlandina De Oliveira. "Familias, pobreza y desigualdad social en Latinoamérica: una mirada comparativa / Families, Poverty and Social Inequality in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v22i1.1292.
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En este texto analizamos las repercusiones que pueden tener diferentes escenarios demográficos y económicos sobre el bienestar de las familias. Elegimos un conjunto de países que en los albores del siglo xxi muestran importantes diferencias en el grado de avance de la transición demográfica y los niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico. Con base en tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares elaboradas por Cepal, comparamos a Argentina y Uruguay que se encuentran en etapas más avanzadas de la primera transición demográfica; Brasil y México que atraviesan por una fase menos avanzada, y Honduras y Nicaragua que, por el contrario, se encuentran en un estadio más temprano de dicha transición. La comparación entre los rasgos familiares y socioeconómicos del conjunto de países seleccionados arroja distintos escenarios sociales que nos permitirán mostrar cómo el cruce entre las dimensiones sociodemográfica y socioeconómica incide diferencialmente sobre la organización del mundo familiar y las formas de convivencia. AbstractThis text analyzes the repercussions of different demographic and economic scenarios on families’ well-being. The authors chose a set of countries, which, at the beginning of the 21st century, show significant differences in the degree of progress of the demographic transition and levels of socio-demographic development. On the base of special tabulations of the household surveys compiled by Cepal, the authors compared Argentina and Uruguay, which are at more advanced stages of the first demographic transition; Brazil and Mexico, currently at a less advanced stage and Honduras and Nicaragua, which are at an earlier stage of this transition. A comparison of the family and socio-economic features of the set of countries chosen reveals different social scenarios enabling the authors to show how the intersection between socio-demographic and socio-economic dimensions has a different effect on the organization of the family sphere and forms of coexistence.
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MCCRANIE, JAMES R. "Books, book reviews, anoles, and do we really know what we believe we know?" Zootaxa 4290, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.8.
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McCranie & Köhler (2015, hereafter M&K) recently published a book on the systematics, distribution, and conservation of the anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the Central American country of Honduras. Those authors included 39 species placed in two genera. Gray (2015; hereafter G) published a largely well-done review of that book. However, G made a few incorrect statements, some of which I feel need to be addressed. In addition, the anole systematics at the species, and especially at the generic level, are extremely contentious issues that affect anyone trying to publish any manuscript regarding anole systematics.
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Dešić, Josip, and Kristijan Lenac. "Je li blockchain tehnologija budućnost digitalizacije zemljišnih knjiga?" Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 41, no. 2 (2020): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.41.2.9.
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The paper gives an overview of the fundamental features of blockchain technology and analyses the possibility of its application in the land registry system. The authors consider whether blockchain technology can improve the security and transparency of the land registry system, ensure data integrity, accelerate and facilitate the transfer of real property rights and registration process, whether blockchain can offer something different from technologies already tested in land registry systems and whether this technological solution can change the way land registers perform their functions. This paper gives an overview of positive trends and results, primarily the example of Estonia, which has gone the farthest in applying blockchain technology in public administration and digital society, as well as the example of Sweden, but also examples of Georgia, Dubai, Honduras, Brazil. Finally, the authors consider the possibility and justification of introducing blockchain technology in the Croatian real estate register.
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Sandoval, Vicente, Juan Pablo Sarmiento, Erick Alberto Mazariegos, and Daniel Oviedo. "Exploring Network Analysis for Urban Planning and Disaster Risk Reduction in Informal Settlements." International Journal of Disaster Response and Emergency Management 3, no. 1 (January 2020): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdrem.2020010103.
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The work explores the use of street network analysis on informal settlements and discusses the potential and limitations of this methodology to advance disaster risk reduction and urban resilience. The urban network analysis tool is used to conduct graph analysis measures on street networks in three informal settlements in the LAC region: Portmore, Jamaica; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; and Lima, Peru. Authors incorporate risk variables identified by these communities and combine them with prospective scenarios in which street networks are strategically intervened to improve performance. Authors also compute one graph index named Reach centrality. Results are presented spatially through thematic maps, and statistically by plotting cumulative distributions. Findings show that centrality measures of settlements' networks helped identify key nodes or roads that may be critical for people's daily life after disasters, and strategic to improve accessibility. The proposed methodology shows potential to inform decisions on urban planning and disaster risk reduction.
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Chacón-Víquez, Luis Diego. "EL SISTEMA Y LAS REFORMAS EDUCATIVAS EN HONDURAS: EL BALANCE DE DOS DÉCADAS. THE SYSTEM AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS IN HONDURAS: THE BALANCE OF TWO DECADES." Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2013): 144–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/caes.v4i2.469.
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Desde una perspectiva descriptiva se analizan las diversas propuestas de reformas educativas llevadas a cabo en el transcurso de dos décadas a nivel nacional hasta llegar a la nueva Ley Fundamental de Educación. Se pretende generar un proceso de comparación con otras reformas educativas realizadas en la región; para lograr este objetivo se procura utilizar la revisión bibliográfica de los diferentes contextos y latitudes, especialmente las fuentes que hacen referencia a Latinoamérica y al entorno local. En el documento se revisan los antecedentes de las reformas, iniciando con una mirada general de la educación en América Latina, analizando las reformas educativas desde la opinión de diversos autores, así como el análisis de las reformas educativas en América Latina. Se parte del contexto nacional realizando una revisión de lo que ha sido el balance de dos décadas de reformas educativas en Honduras.Palabras clave: Reforma Educativa, Honduras, hegemonía, Estado, poder, Ley Fundamental de Educación, América Latina.AbstractFrom a descriptive perspective it analyzes the various proposals for educational reforms carried out nationwide and in the course of two decades down to the new Fundamental Law of Education. Aiming to create a comparison process with other educational reforms in the region, to achieve this goal, it attempts to review the literature of the different contexts and latitudes, especially those referring to Latin America and the premises. This paper is a review of the background of the reforms, starting with an overview of education in Latin America, and analyzing educational reforms from the point of view of various authors, and the analysis of educational reforms in Latin America. Taking in account the national context, it reviews how has been the balance of two decades of education reforms in Honduras.Keywords: Educational Reform, Honduras, Hegemony, Estate, Power, Fundamental Law of Education, Latin America
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Webster, David, AnnCorinne Freter, and David Rue. "The Obsidian Hydration Dating Project at Copan: A Regional Approach and Why It Works." Latin American Antiquity 4, no. 4 (December 1993): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972070.
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Settlement research at Copán, Honduras, since 1984 has produced the largest set of obsidian-hydration dates from excavated contexts available for Mesoamerica (Webster and Freter 1990). Geoffrey Braswell (1992) has criticized the methodology underlying our research, specific associations of our published data, and particularly our reconstruction of a demographic and political decline at Copán that extended well beyond A.D. 900. Braswell has incorrectly characterized the Copan Obsidian Hydration Dating Project’s methodology, and makes many factual errors in assessing the Copán data. In this paper the authors correct these errors, discuss basic issues of obsidian-hydration-dating methodology, and offer new data from Copán to evaluate the efficacy of hydration dating as a method and its potential future application for Mesoamerica as a whole.
11
Valdés, Alberto, and William Foster. "Nuevos acuerdos regionales de comercio en Latinoamérica y disposición a negociar: El caso de la agricultura." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 6, no. 12 (October 17, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2006.12.02.
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<span>This article analyses past trade trends and agricultural protectionism in Latin American agriculture, by examining observed changes in Latin American agriculture and trade policies over the last 20 years that have led to what the authors call the«New Open Regionalism». It also discussed the conflicting interests and various trading positions taken up by Latin American countries in multilateral trade talks, as a result of the strong heterogeneity between net agricultural exporters and importers. The authors show that the repeated failure of the Doha round of trade talks opens the door for bilateral or sub-regional free trade agreements, concluding with the prediction that regional integration in Latin America will come about as a result of agreements between various sub-regional trade blocs. The weakness of internal demand makes the development of the region’s agri-food sector highly dependent on exports, the growth of which is one of the main economic drivers in these countries, particularly net exporters. In addressing the issue of the distribution of profits from trade liberalization, the authors propose a variety of schemes that have already proved their effectiveness in countries such as Mexico, Turkey, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and Honduras.</span>
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Miller Wolf, Katherine A. "Curating Large Skeletal Collections: An Example from the Ancient Maya Site of Copán, Honduras." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 1 (February 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.46.
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AbstractArchaeologists strive to understand ancient lifeways, and bioarchaeological data provide honest and immutable evidence of the realities of ancient society in the bodies of the dead. Given the importance of human remains in the archaeological record, a major component of the author's work has been devoted to the ethical responsibilities of bioarchaeologists in the treatment of the collections studied. However, the curation of skeletal remains is often challenging because the conservation and storage of these delicate materials may be afterthoughts in archaeological plans, being inadequately or incorrectly stored and sometimes treated to the same conservation conditions as more robust artifacts and samples. This article offers guidelines and recommendations for skeletal curation based on observations of curation challenges in a large collection in the subtropical Maya region. The collection was not well managed and human remains were not prioritized in the conservation program. The challenges and mitigations are presented here.
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Bedecarrats, Florent. "Síntesis crítica del informe Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica." Revista Trace, no. 52 (July 6, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.343.
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Este artículo es síntesis crítica del informe Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica realizado por Michelle Deugd, Hans Nusselder, Iris Villalobos e Ignacio Fiestas. El documento analizado consiste en un estudio comparativo en cinco países mesoamericanos (México, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua) de la articulación entre políticas públicas de promoción de los servicios financieros rurales y políticas públicas para el desarrollo rural. Después de presentar un panorama detallado de las situaciones nacionales, los autores muestran que existen patrones recurrentes de desarticulación entre las intervenciones públicas estudiadas. En base a su diagnóstico, plantean propuestas para una mejor integración de estos marcos políticos. Se resaltan aquí los hallazgos valiosos de esta pesquisa que permiten una buena comprensión de arquitecturas institucionales complejas. Se apuntan también ciertos enfoques que no fueron considerados por los autores y que habría que explorar para tener una visión más completa de la problemática.Abstract: This article is a critical synthesis of the report Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica written by Michelle Deugd, Hans Nusselder, Iris Villalobos and Ignacio Fiestas. The analysed document consists in a comparative study in five Mesoamerican countries (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua) on the articulation between promotional public policies for the promotion of rural financial services and public policies for rural development. After presenting a detailed panorama of the national situations, the authors show that there are some recurring schemes of disarticulation between the considered public interventions. On the basis of their diagnostic, they present some propositions for a better integration of these policy frameworks. Here we put forward the valuable findings of this research that contribute to a good understanding of complex institutional architectures. We also point some approaches that have not been considered by the authors and that should be explored in order to have a more complete vision of the problematic.Résumé : Cet article est une synthèse critique du rapport Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica réalisé par Michelle Deugd, Hans Nusselder, Iris Villalobos et Ignacio Fiestas. Le document analysé consiste en une étude comparative dans cinq pays mésoaméricains (Mexique, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras et Nicaragua) de l’articulation entre politiques publiques de promotion des services financiers ruraux et politiques publiques de développement rural. Après avoir présenté un panorama détaillé des situations nationales, les auteurs montrent qu’il existe des schémas récurrents de désarticulation entre les interventions publiques étudiées. Sur la base de leur diagnostic, ils présentent des propositions pour une meilleure intégration de ces cadres politiques. On met ici en avant les précieux apports de cette recherche qui permettent une bonne compréhension d’architectures institutionnelles complexes. On relève aussi certaines approches qui n’ont pas été prises en compte par les auteurs et qu’il faudrait explorer pour avoir une vision plus complète de la problématique.
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Lillios, Katina T. "Figurines, materiality and social life in ancient Mesoamerica." Antiquity 89, no. 343 (January 30, 2015): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2014.14.
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Reading these two books is like peering into a magnifying lens. One is able to focus in and reflect on small details, but is also made aware that these details are inextricably linked to, and informed by, other elements in the field of view. In Material relations: the marriage figurines of Prehispanic Honduras and Maya figurines: intersections between state and household, the authors carry out focused analyses of ceramic figurines from pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. Through the theoretical lenses of materiality, practice and mimesis, they show how figurines, as individual objects or assemblages, created social life through their portability, transferability and biographies. Furthermore, because of their association with households, they show how figurines can speak to the lives of women, children and commoners, the dynamics of households, and the relationship between non-states or culturally peripheral areas and the state. These two books stand as nuanced exemplars of microscale approaches in archaeology and a concern with intimate practices to reveal larger social phenomena.
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Woldt, Jason James, Sameer Prasad, and Jasmine Tata. "Supply chain management, national culture, and refugee network performance." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-12-2018-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the flow of refugees through the dual lens of supply chain management and national cultural values. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is first developed based upon an extensive literature review. The model is then applied to an example of migrants from Honduras traveling to the USA and those being repatriated back to Honduras. Findings The connection between national cultural values and elements of refugee supply chain management is identified in this research. The model examines four elements of refugee supply chain management (relationship continuity, partner involvement and development, inter-organizational communication, and network structure), and identifies the influence of these four elements on integrative and collaborative processes along the supply chain and, consequently, on the delivery of services to the refugees (refugee network performance). Research limitations/implications The model presented in this paper is tested using a single case and does not utilize an empirical methodology. Practical implications This research enables local municipalities and state entities along international migration paths to better manage their relationships with upstream/downstream players and improve refugee network performance by reducing transit time, lowering overall costs, ensuring the health and safety of the refugees, and identify eligible refugees (those likely to gain asylum) to support. Furthermore, the model provides specific recommendations for international Non-Governmental Organizations to help with the integrative and collaborative processes among the supply chain partners. Originality/value This research provides a unique perspective in examining the flow of refugees within the context of an international supply chain. The authors look at the critical players along refugee supply chains and develop a model that connects elements of refugee supply chain management with the cultural characteristics of nations.
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Santillán, Oscar S., Karla G. Cedano, and Manuel Martínez. "Analysis of Energy Poverty in 7 Latin American Countries Using Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071608.
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Energy poverty is a serious problem affecting many people in the world. To address it and alleviate it, the first action is to identify and measure the intensity of the population living in this condition. This paper seeks to generate information regarding the actual state of energy poverty by answering the research question: is it possible to measure the intensity of energy poverty between different Latin American countries with sufficient and equivalent data? To achieve this, the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI), proposed by Nussbaumer et al., was used. The results present two levels of lack of access to energy services: Energy Poverty (EP) and Extreme Energy Poverty (EEP). The last one, is a concept introduced by the authors to evaluate energy poverty using MEPI. Results of people living on EP (EEP within parentheses) are as follow: Colombia 29% (18%), Dominican Republic 32% (14%), Guatemala 76% (61%), Haiti 98% (91%), Honduras 72% (59%), Mexico 30% (17%) and Peru 65% (42%). A clear correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and MEPI is displayed, however some countries have relatively high values for the HDI, but do not perform so well in the MEPI and vice versa. Further investigation is needed.
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Monico, Carmen, and Jovani Mendez-Sandoval. "Group and Child–Family Migration from Central America to the United States: Forced Child–Family Separation, Reunification, and Pseudo Adoption in the Era of Globalization." Genealogy 3, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3040068.
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Intercountry adoption from Latin America became a sizable, “quiet” migration to the U.S., as evident in its historical evolution from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The recent migration of unaccompanied minors and families traveling with children from these case countries has been characterized by child–family separation, prolonged detention and institutionalization of children, and adoption through various means. This study has been concerned with how both trends became intertwined in the era of globalisation. To address this question, the authors examined intercountry adoption literature and migration-related briefs, legal claims, and news reports. The study suggests that internationally recognized child rights have been violated in the border crisis. Forced family separation resulting from stricter immigration measures has met criteria for child abduction, violating international convention protecting families in transnational kinship and adoption. A child–family separation typology was inferred from individual case studies ranging from separation by death to prolonged or indefinitive separation to de facto adoption. Reunification has failed for migrant children in custody since relatives or kinship members may be undocumented or parents may be deported. The current immigration system for migrant children’s care only prolongs their detention and violates their human and civil rights while turning child abduction into de facto adoption.
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Ketelhöhn, Niels, Roberto Artavia, Ronald Arce, and Victor Umaña. "The Central American Competitiveness Initiative." Competitiveness Review 25, no. 5 (October 19, 2015): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-07-2015-0065.
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Purpose – This paper is a historical account of the process by which Michael Porter and INCAE Business School put together a regional competitiveness strategy for Central America that was officially adopted by the governments of five participating countries, and implemented through a series of Presidential Summits that occurred between 1995 and 1999. The paper provides a unique case study on the adoption of the concepts put forth by Porter in his book “The Competitive Advantage of Nations” (1990) at the highest level of government. The study arrives at a series of practical implications for policy makers that are particularly relevant for the implementation of supra-national regional strategies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct an extensive literature review of 190 policy papers produced by INCAE Business School, that are used to recreate the historical evolution of the regional competitiveness strategy. The effect of Porter’s intervention is also assessed by comparing the main economic indicators of each participating country with those of 2005-2010. One of the authors was the main protagonist in the successful implementation of the strategy, and the paper relies partially on his accounts of events. Findings – This study describes how economic policy in Central America was profoundly influenced by Michael Porter’s thinking in the second half of the 1990s. These policy changes promoted international competition of Central American clusters and firms, and opened the region for international investment and tourism. The region experienced important increases in its economic integration, its international trade, foreign direct investment and tourist arrivals. Gross domestic product growth was accelerated in Honduras and Nicaragua. Research limitations/implications – Like all case studies, this study has limits related to the generalizability of its conclusions. Additionally, it is not possible to determine the precise nature of the relation between the implementation of the regional economic strategy, and the impact on economic growth, integration, FDI attraction and exports. Practical implications – The paper has several practical implications that relate to the design of regional economic strategies. First, it identifies policy areas that are more effective as part of regional strategies, and distinguishes them from those that should be resolved at the national level. Second, it suggests a process that can facilitate execution. Finally, it provides an example of the coordinating role that can be assumed by an academic institution such as INCAE. Originality/value – The Central American Competitiveness Initiative provides a unique setting to study the implementation of competitiveness policy for several reasons. First, in all countries in Central America, Michael Porter’s diamond framework (1990) and cluster theory were officially adopted at the highest level of government. Second, in addition to their individual competitiveness strategies, all countries adopted a regional strategy for cooperation and economic integration. Finally, the Central American Competitiveness Initiative was founded on one of the first competitiveness think tanks of the world.
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Tang, Yubo, Jennifer Carns, Timothy Quang, Enrique M. Reina, Susana Gonzalez, Daniel G. Rosen, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, and Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum. "A Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for the Early Detection of Gastric Malignancies." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 6s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.004820.
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Abstract 14 We developed a novel multimodal video endoscope and evaluated its usefulness for the early detection of gastric neoplastic lesions. The imaging platform is a modified upper GI endoscope capable of white light imaging (WLI), widefield vital-dye fluorescence imaging (VFI) and high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) in a single endoscopic insertion. A custom filter module is attached to the distal tip of the endoscope to enable VFI; HRME is performed by introducing a fiber optic probe through the endoscope working channel. Proflavine, a vital dye that stains nuclei is used to provide image contrast in both VFI and HRME. VFI images of proflavine stained tissue reveal the glandular patterns of the gastric mucosa, while HRME images reveal nuclear morphology with subcellular resolution. The performance of the platform was evaluated in a pilot study to image 35 patients with known or suspected gastric cancer undergoing either endoscopy or surgical resection. Patients were recruited at Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, and Hospital Evangelico in Siguatepeque, Honduras. For each patient, images were acquired with WLI, VFI and HRME sequentially during endoscopy. Images of neoplasia show disruption and effacement of glandular patterns. These alterations are visualized with enhanced contrast in VFI when compared to WLI; HRME images presenting the nuclear architecture at a subcellular level confirm these findings. Results suggest that this multimodal imaging platform can potentially enable a two-step protocol for early gastric cancer detection, wherein suspicious areas are red flagged with improved contrast using VFI, and then further imaged with HRME to confirm whether neoplasia is present based on changes in nuclear morphology. Given the convenient adaptation of the system design to other commercial endoscopes and the low cost of HRME (< $2,500), the utility of this multimodal imaging platform should be further evaluated in in vivo studies and low-resource settings. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Yubo Tang No relationship to disclose Jennifer Carns No relationship to disclose Timothy Quang No relationship to disclose Enrique M. Reina No relationship to disclose Susana Gonzalez No relationship to disclose Daniel G. Rosen Research Funding: Biotheragnostics Sharmila Anandasabapathy Honoraria: Medial Medical Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen Global Services Research Funding: Merck
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Soler Hidalgo, Maria L., John M. Abbamonte, Laura Regalini, Mariana Schlesinger, Maria L. Alcaide, and Gordon M. Dickinson. "1650. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Influenza Vaccination Among Hispanics: A Survey Conducted in Latin American Consulates in South Florida." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1514.
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Abstract Background Each year Influenza causes between 12,000 and 56,000 deaths, and over half a million of hospitalizations in the United States. Despite the widespread availability of vaccination, immunization coverage is low. Less than half of American adults receive the influenza vaccine, and there is a disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanics, with only 35.9% of Hispanic compared with 45.9% of white non-Hispanics receiving the vaccine. In Miami, South Florida, over two-thirds of the population is Hispanic, and rates of influenza vaccination are low. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes toward influenza vaccination among members of the adult Hispanic community in Miami, and to identify barriers to vaccination in this population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted during the influenza season in 2017 and 2019 (October to December). A survey was administered in the waiting rooms of participating Latin American Consulates (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay) in Miami. Participants included were older than 18 years, Hispanic, and with residence in the United States for more than 6 months. The participants accepted the inform consent orally. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. Results We enrolled 970 adults. The median age was 43 years, 50% were male, 60% had health insurance, and 67% had completed education of high school or higher. Knowledge regarding influenza and vaccination was low (78% believed asymptomatic individuals could transmit influenza, 14% knew that vaccination is recommended during the winter months, 50% felt not everyone should be vaccinated, 25% believed the vaccine causes influenza, and 7% autism). About one quarter (27%) received the influenza vaccine annually, 35% sometimes, and 38% never. Using multinomial logistic regression, we identified age χ2(2) = 19.38, P < 0.001, consulate χ2(6) = 160.21, P < 0.001, and insurance status χ2(2) = 23.04, P < 0.001 as predictors of receiving vaccination. Neither gender, nor education level found to be associated with vaccination behavior. Conclusion Immunization rates in the adult Hispanic population are low. Interventions to improve vaccination among Hispanics who are older and lack of health insurance are urgently needed in the diverse Hispanic community. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Domachowske, Joseph B., Veronique Bianco, Ana Ceballos, Luis Cousin, Ulises D’Andrea, Ilse Dieussaert, Janet A. Englund, et al. "2855. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Cord Blood and Serum from Infants up to 2 Years of Age in a Multinational Prospective Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S74—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.160.
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Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) during infancy worldwide. High cord blood (CB) concentrations of anti-RSV neutralizing antibody (nAb) may attenuate, delay, or prevent infant infection. We report RSV A and B nAb concentrations in CB and serum from a birth cohort at different time points through 2 years of age. Methods Between 2013 and 2017, newborns from 8 countries were studied prospectively from birth to 2 years of age (NCT01995175). CB was collected at birth for the entire cohort. A subcohort of children was randomly assigned to have one blood sample collected again at either 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months of age. Sera were analyzed for RSV A and B nAb concentrations by serum neutralization assay. Active surveillance was used to identify LRTIs during the 2-year follow-up as previously reported. Results In total, 2,401 newborns were enrolled and followed up. >99% of infants had detectable CB RSV A and B nAb. Geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) varied by country, but were overall higher for RSV B than for RSV A (327 vs. 251; Figure 1). The lowest GMTs were seen from CB sera collected from South African newborns (197 RSV A, 255 RSV B); Canadian newborns had the highest RSV A GMT (383), while Hondurans had the highest RSV B GMT (460). 1380 infants provided follow-up serum nAb results as part of the subcohort (Figure 2). Dramatic waning of GMTs was evident, with a ~3-fold drop in GMTs at 2 months of age, and an additional ~2-fold drop between 2 and 4 months of age. At 6 and 12 months of age, 71% and 50% of infants had RSV A nAb and GMTs were at a nadir of 14. At 6, 12, and 18 months of age, RSV B nAb was detected in 98%, 69%, and 63% of infants, respectively. The RSV B nAb nadir GMT of 20 was observed at 12 months of age, while the 6- and 18-month RSV B nAb GMTs were 30 and 31, respectively. A total of 1,017 LRTIs were identified during the 2-year study period; of which, 94 (9%) were caused by RSV A and 132 (13%) by RSV B. Associations between CB nAb levels and RSV infection will be presented. Conclusion Neutralizing Ab to RSV A and B was present at birth in infants from 8 countries, and waned over time. GMTs were at a nadir at 6 to 12 months of age. Funding. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
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Baena, Verónica. "European franchise expansion into Latin America." Management Research Review 38, no. 2 (February 16, 2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-08-2013-0185.
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Purpose This study aims to enhance the knowledge that managers and scholars have on franchising expansion. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that although the body of literature on international management focusing on emerging markets is growing, the attention paid to the Latin American context continues to be limited. This is surprising given the substantive economic importance of the region with a population over 590 million, and a gross domestic product of approximately US$5 trillion. To cover this gap, the present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising into Latin America: geographical distance, cultural distance, political stability and economic development. The authors also controlled for the host country’s market potential, transparency, unemployment rate and efficiency of contract enforcement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach applied to a sample of 77 Spanish franchisors operating through 4,064 franchisee outlets across 21 Latin American countries in late 2012. They are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. Findings Results conclude that geographical distance between the host and home countries, as well as the level of host country’s political stability, economic development, market potential and transparency are able to drive the spread of international franchising across Latin American nations. Research limitations/implications This study provides readers with a general overview of the current state of global franchising diffusion overseas. Results obtained in this study are useful for understanding and predicting the demand for franchising in Latin American countries. Practical implications Economics reports argue that by 2050, the largest economies in the world will be China, the USA, India, Brazil and Mexico. This fact highlights the substantive importance of Latin America for foreign investors willing to expand their business abroad. In an attempt to give insights from the Latin American context, the present paper develops and tests a model that can be useful to franchisors willing to establish new outlets in the region. In addition, our findings offer guidance to firm managers seeking to target their franchises in Latin America. Franchisors may then use the results of this study as a starting point for identifying such regions whose characteristics best meet their needs of expansion. Originality/value This paper explores how market conditions may drive international diffusion of franchising into Latin American markets. The scant theoretical or empirical attention given to this topic has usually been examined from the USA and British base and focused on developed markets. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes the international spread of the Spanish franchise system into Latin America as a market for franchising expansion.
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Pérez-Sales, Pau, and Chris Dominey. "Introduction to Volume 29, Issue 3." Torture Journal 29, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i3.117774.
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We close Volume 29 with an issue of Torture Journal focused on measuring processes and results, a subject that has always been considered a priority for the sector. There is a dearth of studies on long-term follow-up to assess rehabilitation success. The paper by Martin Hill and Mary Lynn Everson, “Indicators likely to contribute to clinical and functional improvement among survivors of politically-sanctioned torture” is unique in the length of post-treatment follow-up, and provides an innovative approach in the measurement of rehabilitation outcomes through a structured measure of functional aspects with an instrument designed at the Kovler Center in Chicago. In addition, in the framework of the interminable debate over whether clinical categories of psychiatric classifications respond effectively to the experience of torture victims, Marie Louison Vang and colleagues present in their paper “Testing the validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among refugees in treatment using latent class analysis,” a validation study through multivariate models to distinguish between the classic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and the new Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in refugee and torture survivor populations. The results show that this new diagnosis not only complements the previous one but both approaches represent an improved nosological classification and definition of the experiences of torture survivors. Kim Baranowski and collaborators, in their paper, “Experiences of gender-violence in women asylum seekers from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala” propose, supported by the evidence gathered, that types of violence experienced by these women are multi-intersectional, and that restricted categorisation of the concept of torture can ignore the experiences of asylum-seeking women, whose lives, both in their countries of origin, in transit and in the host country, are persistently affected by structural, psychological and physical violence perpetrated by state and nonstate actors alike. Finally, Kristi Rendahland Pamela Kriege Santoso offer in their contribution “Organizational development with torture rehabilitation programs: An applied perspective,” a personal, non-data-driven text representing their experience in supporting the creation of torture victim centres in different countries within the framework of the CVT’s Partners in Trauma Healing (PATH) Project.In this last issue of the journal we would like to thank all the authors that have chosen Torture Journal as the platform to share their research. In particular, we extend our thanks to those anonymous reviewers who have devoted hours and effort to the indispensable task of giving us their critical and constructive view of the journal’s articles. Without them the publication would not be possible.We believe that this issue of the Torture Journal will undoubtedly provide many elements of reflection for our readers. We hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed preparing it.Torture Journal Editorial Team
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Person, Anna K., Fernanda Maruri, Ellen Brazier, Juan G. Sierra Madero, Vanessa Rouzier, Gabriela Carriquiry, Vivian I. Avelino-Silva, et al. "475. Describing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care in Latin America." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S303—S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.668.
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Abstract Background The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PWH) are unknown. Beyond SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, the pandemic may have devastating consequences for HIV care delivery. Understanding these is crucial as reduced antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability alone could lead to ≥500,000 AIDS-related deaths in 2020–2021. With Latin America now a focal point in the pandemic, we sought to describe the impact of COVID-19 on HIV care at Latin American clinical sites. Methods Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) and additional Brazilian HIV care sites in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, and Peru were included. An electronic survey of COVID-19 effects on HIV clinic operations was administered in Spanish or English via phone and email, April 28-June 2, 2020. We also compared national COVID-19 case, mortality, and policy data from public sources. Results Brazil’s and Mexico’s epidemics appear most pronounced, with >10,000 confirmed COVID-19-related deaths (Figure 1); countries implemented “social distancing” policies at different times after initial cases, with Haiti earliest and Mexico latest (Figure 2). Nearly all 13 sites reported decreased hours and providers for HIV care. Twelve of 13 reported increased use of telehealth, suspension/postponements of routine HIV appointments, and/or suspension of HIV research. Eleven of 13 reported initiation of new COVID-19 research but suspension of community HIV testing, and nearly half provided additional ART supplies. Nearly 70% reported impacts on HIV viral load testing and nearly 40% reported personal protective equipment stock-outs (Table). All 13 sites experienced changes in resources/services in tandem with national policies; there was wide variation, however, in the number of economic and health supports implemented thus far (e.g., quarantines, tax deferrals, interest rate reductions, etc.), from 172 COVID-19-related policies in Brazil to only 30 in Mexico. Table Site Assessment of Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV services in Latin America at CCASAnet and Coorte Sites, N=13 Figure 1. Cumulative mortality due to COVID-19 in countries within which CCASAnet and Coorte sites are located Figure 1 footnote: Source for mortality counts: the WHO COVID-19 Dashboard, available at: https://covid19.who.int/ All data were up-to-date as of, and were accessed on, June 17th, 2020 Figure 2. Cumulative cases of COVID-19 in countries within which CCASAnet and Coorte sites are located and dates (relative to the day on which the first positive case of COVID-19 was detected) of general social distancing, public health emergency, or mass quarantine policy introduction (vertical dashed lines), 2020 Figure 2 footnote: Source for case counts: the WHO COVID-19 Dashboard, available at: https://covid19.who.int/ Source for health policy implementation: the United Nations Economic Council for Latin America & the Caribbean, available at: https://cepalstat-prod.cepal.org/forms/covid-countrysheet/index.html All data were up-to-date as of, and were accessed on, June 17th, 2020 Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has already had a substantial effect on daily operations of HIV clinics in Latin America. The downstream effects of these impacts on HIV outcomes in Latin America will need to be further studied. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Porta-Puglia, A., N. Pucci, G. Di Giambattista, and A. Infantino. "First Report of Rhizopycnis vagum Associated with Tomato Roots in Italy." Plant Disease 85, no. 11 (November 2001): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.11.1210a.
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Field surveys were made in several central and southern Italian tomato-growing areas for Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the cause of corky root of tomato. In addition to P. lycopersici, a different fungus was frequently isolated from roots showing typical corky root symptoms, even after disinfestation of diseased roots with 0.1% (vol/wt) mercury chloride water solution for 1 min. The fungus was isolated from primary and secondary tomato roots in 8 of 21 fields visited. The isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA), with morphological features such as color and shape of mature conidia and pycnidia, type of conidiogenesis, presence of microsclerotia, and color of colony underside noted. Preliminary identification of the fungus was Rhizopycnis vagum Farr. To confirm the identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of one isolate (maintained at the ISPaVe collection at the authors' address and available on request as isolate ER 940) was amplified with two universal primers, ITS5 and ITS4. The ITS fragment was sequenced, and the nucleotide sequence compared with that of R. vagum deposited in GenBank (Accession No. AF022786). Both sequences were identical supporting the identification. R. vagum is a recently described species associated with the vine decline syndrome of melon in the United States, Guatemala, Honduras (2), and Spain (3). Eight isolates were tested for pathogenicity both on tomato (five cultivars) and melon (three cultivars) using two methods. In method 1, plantlets at the cotyledonary stage were grown on blotter in petri dishes and tested by placing a 6-mm plug of colonized PDA on the tap root (1). After 7 days, the plug was removed, and the roots were checked for symptoms. In method 2, 20-day-old seedlings were transferred to pots with infested soil (50,000 CFU/g of soil) and grown for 45 days before the roots were checked for each isolate-cultivar combination. Eight and four plants were used in tests 1 and 2, respectively. With the first method, rotten, pinkish lesions with different extensions from the inoculation point were observed on all the melon cultivars tested (Pamir, Cantalupo di Charentais, and Charme). On tomato, three of eight isolates caused root necrosis of limited extent, without pinkish discolorations at the inoculation site on cvs. Monalbo and Bonnie Best, the former showing the larger lesions. The tests on plants grown in infested soil confirmed pathogenicity on both host species, although the symptoms were of minor intensity (light, small brown lesions on secondary roots, no pinkish discoloration). The symptomatic plantlets ranged from 0 to 100% on both hosts in the petri dish tests and from 0 to 100% and 0 to 50%, respectively, for tomato and melon in the pot tests, varying according to the cultivar-isolate combination. The fungus was consistently reisolated from all symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. vagum associated with tomato roots. Although the isolates showed varying degrees of virulence with respect to host species (all being pathogenic at least on one host), the virulence of R. vagum on tomato was certainly low. Nevertheless, tomato may maintain or possibly increase inoculum for melon, which often follows tomato in Italian crop rotations. References: (1) M. Clerjeau and M. Conus. Annu. Rev. Phytopatol. 5:143, 1973. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Mycologia 90:290, 1998. (3) J. García-Jiménez et al. EPPO Bull. 30:169, 2000.
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Seeley, Charles, Elida Florentina Sierra Solórzano, Karen Ramirez, Norbertina Alvarez Osorno, Mary Maldonado, and Lenis Garcia. "Ripples of Change in Honduran Communities." Journal of Scholarly Engagement 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.9743/jeo.2019.2.1.2.
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Electronic news media from around the world declare the problem: “Honduran migrant group treks north as US calls for tighter borders” (Palencia, 2018), and “Trump warns Honduras over migrant caravan now in Guatemala” (Perez, 2018). Thousands flee poverty and crime in Honduras to pursue the dream of a better life in the US; a life that few of these determined migrants will ever enjoy. While it is commendable that news outlets highlight this dire situation, few will publish stories of those who remain in Honduras, overcome the day-to-day challenges, and take steps to change their lives, the lives of family members, the lives of community members, and ultimately the country of Honduras. This community engagement portfolio fills a gap in the literature and in the global news media. This paper describes a portfolio of community engagement initiatives that begins at The Leadership Center in rural Honduras with ripples continuing out to communities across Honduras. Three graduates and two students of The Leadership Center serve as co-authors on this paper, telling their personal stories and the stories of their engagement in their communities.
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Sealey, Lorinda, and Donna Hathorn. "The Lived Experience of Honduran and USA Nursing Students Working Together in a Study Abroad Program." Qualitative Report, December 1, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1205.
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Nursing study abroad is one approach to preparing student nurses to work more effectively in international environments as well as at home with culturally diverse clients. These programs foster self-reflection by permitting students to spend considerable time immersed in different cultures, thus exposing them to clients with different health beliefs and values. The authors of this transformational phenomenological study examined the lived experience of American and Honduran nursing students working collaboratively during a nursing study abroad program. One-time audio-recorded semi structured interviews were conducted to gather data from American and Honduran students. Six themes emerged: Communication (i.e., language and communication patterns), the cultural environment, and sharing/learning were common themes to both groups; among Hondurans, validation/empowerment and the nursing experience emerged as important themes, while transformation was the theme unique to American students. These findings support previous research regarding the importance of study abroad programs in the development of cultural competence, and suggest directions for nurse educators to prepare nurses who can function in an increasingly globalized health care environment. These findings also highlight the merits of this collaborative approach to nursing study abroad and they provide the foreign hosts’ unique perspective regarding their experiences working with American nursing students. The study results also indicate the need for further research on collaborative experiences with foreign and American health care partners and the perspective of the participants of other countries.
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Monge-Nájera, Julián, and Yuh-Shan Ho. "Bibliometrics of Honduras publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 2 (March 27, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25893.
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Honduras is the second largest country in Central America, but 63 % of its population lives in poverty and it is the Central American country with less scientific journals. Even though Honduras has been included in general studies about Latin American science, there are no specific bibliometric studies about the productivity of the country, so this is the first formal study about the most productive institutions, fields and authors in Honduras. The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Web of Science Core Collection was used to collect the bibliographic data. There are no Honduras publications from 1903 to 1972 in SCI-EXPANDED. Honduras publications from 1973 to 2015 were further analyzed. A total of 1 146 Honduras publications with 13 document types in the Science Citation Index Expanded from 1973 to 2015 were found. Nearly 95 % of the articles in the database are in English, suggesting that articles in this language have the greatest visibility in the database, similar to other Central American countries. The countries with which Honduras publishes (e.g. Mexico, other Central American countries) follow the geographic and cultural affinity model, i.e. researchers tend to collaborate with colleagues that have similar culture or that are geographically close. This pattern has been found for other Central American countries. The focus of Honduran scientists in health and agriculture problems is typical on the less developed countries; on this respect Honduras is more similar to its closest neighbor, Nicaragua, than to smaller but more developed Central American countries like Panama and Costa Rica. Overall, the situation of scientific research and output in Honduras is improving, with more articles and citation in the SCIEXPANDED, and this positive trend should bring about benefits for the people of Honduras.