Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Average BER / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Average BER.

Journal articles on the topic 'Average BER'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Average BER.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Jiashun Hu, Jiashun Hu, Zaichen Zhang Zaichen Zhang, Liang Wu Liang Wu, Jian Dang Jian Dang, and Guanghao Zhu Guanghao Zhu. "Average BER of coherent optical QPSK systems with phase errors over M turbulence channels." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 12 (2018): 120101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.120101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wang, Jin Peng, Li Kang, Ping Li, and Nian Yu Zou. "An Algorithm Mixed Turbo Codes with Rake Received in Fading Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 2785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.2785.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, how to analyses the downlink performance of the cellular system combining with site diversity operation and antenna diversity is introduced first. On the basis of Gaussian approximation of the interference components, the changes of bit error rate (BER) in the given set of channel is expressed in receiving signals. By using the Monte-Carlo numerical method, the local average BER is then calculated through comparing the conditional BER with the given set of channel gains. The outage probability is considered to measure the distribution of the local average BER and the downlink ca

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Al Harthi, Nahla, Zhongfeng Zhang, Daejin Kim, and Seungwon Choi. "Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Method Based on Partial Transmit Sequence and Discrete Fourier Transform Spreading." Electronics 10, no. 6 (2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060642.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) has received increasing attention from researchers, owing to its merits and superior spectral efficiency. High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) occurs in approximately all multicarrier systems, including FBMC/OQAM, and may cause bit-error-rate (BER) degradation if not appropriately handled. Conventional PAPR reduction methods for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), such as partial transmit sequence (PTS), selective mapping (SLM), and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading, are ineffe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zhang, Xiu Yan, Wei Dong Wang, Lei Lei Pei, and Yu Bo Duan. "The Research of Companding Transform for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of OFDM Signals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1484.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the main drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signal. How to reduce the PAPR is the key to applying the technology of OFDM efficiently. In this paper, companding transform method is presented. The performance of the systerm BER is analysised, then PAPR is reduced by using the method through simulation. Simulation results have shown that the proposed methods are very effective and flexible to improve PAPR performance in the OFDM based on the performance of the system BER is not changed very much compare

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

A. Zenhom, Yasser, Ehab K. I. Hamad, Mohammed Alghassab, and Mohamed M. Elnabawy. "Optical-OFDM VLC System: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Enhancement and Performance Evaluation." Sensors 24, no. 10 (2024): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24102965.

Full text

Abstract:

Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems are favoured for numerous applications due to their extensive bandwidth and resilience to electromagnetic interference. This study delineates various constructions of Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) approaches employed in VLC systems. Various factors are elaborated within this context to ascertain a more effective O-OFDM approach, including constellation size, data arrangement and spectral efficiency, power efficiency, computational complexity, bit error rate (BER), and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). This paper seeks to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Neha, Therkar* Rohit Rathor. "A TECHNICAL REVIEW OF PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION IN MIMO-OFDM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 9 (2016): 747–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.155105.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, detailed review of bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) and performance analysis of OFDM in various channel is given. This paper will contribute in better choices of technical methods to reduce bit error rate and the peak to average power ratio in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for high speed wireless communication. One major shortcoming of OFDM is the high peak-to average Power ratio (PAPR). Most investigated techniques modified are Selected Mapp

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Davis, Matthew, Andy Gallagher, and Amy Garrett. "Floor Management and Amendment Applications Affected Dry-farmed Tomato Production during a 2020 Experiment in the Willamette Valley of Oregon." HortTechnology 35, no. 1 (2025): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05531-24.

Full text

Abstract:

‘Early Girl’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was dry-farmed during 2020 to determine the effects of floor management and amendment treatments on the total and unblemished yields, average fruit weight, blossom-end rot (BER) incidence, sunscald incidence, plant size, soil water tension, predawn leaf water potential (PDLWP), and leaf and soil nutrient concentrations. Floor management treatments included leaf mulching (4 inches of semi-composted leaf mulch), dust mulching (mechanical tillage to a depth of 6 to 8 inches after rain events), and a weedy treatment (weeds were not controlled). Amendment

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

T.Y.Melligeri, Dr. Rajkumar L. Biradar. "NONLINEAR COMPANDING SCHEME PAPR REDUCTION OF OFDM SIGNALS." Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing 38, no. 1 (2023): 1353–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7774162.

Full text

Abstract:

Companding transform is a simple and efficient method in reducing the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this project, a novel nonlinear companding scheme is proposed to reduce the PAPR and improve Bit Error Rate (BER) for OFDM systems. This proposed scheme mainly focuses on compressing the large signals, while maintaining the average power constant by properly choosing transform parameters. Moreover, analysis shows that the proposed scheme without decompounding at the receiver can also offer a good BER performance. Finally, simu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhao, Kun, Kegang Pan, and Bangning Zhang. "Cooperative Transmission in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets: A Double-Differential Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/853821.

Full text

Abstract:

As a result of the rapidly increasing mobility of sensor nodes, mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) would be subject to multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFOs), which result in time-varying channels and drastically degrade the network performance. To enhance the performance of such MWSNs, we propose a relay selection (RS) based double-differential (DD) cooperative transmission scheme, termed RSDDCT, in which the best relay sensor node is selected to forward the source sensor node’s signals to the destination sensor node with the detect-and-forward (DetF) protocol. Assuming a Rayleigh fa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Yuan, Jia, Xiaoyi Wang, Meng Jin, et al. "A Novel System of Mixed RF/FSO UAV Communication Based on MRR and RIS by Adopting Hybrid Modulation." Photonics 9, no. 6 (2022): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060379.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system, based on modulating retro-reflector (MRR) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which adopts the hybrid L-ary pulse position modulation-binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation (L-PPM-BPSK-SIM). More specifically, the RF channel follows Rayleigh distribution, while the FSO channel obeys Gamma–Gamma distribution that considers atmospheric turbulence and pointing error. For decode-and-forward (DF) relay, the MRR is installed on the UAV to re

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kazemian, Mohsen. "Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Based on Cross- Correlation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems." Frontiers of Mechatronical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/fme.v1i1.603.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Three of the most important techniques of Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are Partial Transmit Sequence PAPR (PTS-PAPR), Selected Mapping PAPR (SLM-PAPR) and Cross-Correlation-PTS. This paper performs a complete analysis on these three techniques providing simulation and discussion of their performance on PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER). Moreover, the comparison of these methods by using Saleh model amplifier in an OFDM system is provided. The results show that PTS-PAPR outperforms the Cross-Correlation-

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Kumar, Arun, and Aziz Nanthaamornphon. "Reducing the Peak to Average Power Ratio in Optical NOMA Waveform Using Airy-Special Function based PTS Algorithm." Infocommunications journal 17, no. 1 (2023): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2025.1.2.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper introduces a novel Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) waveforms, leveraging an Airy function-based Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) method. The proposed technique is evaluated on NOMA waveforms with subcarrier configurations of 64, 256, and 512, and its performance is benchmarked against conventional PTS, Selective Mapping (SLM), and Clipping and Filtering methods. Comprehensive analysis is conducted on key metrics, including PAPR, Bit Error Rate (BER), and Power Spectral Density (PSD). Results demonstrate that the Airy-ba

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Punit, Upmanyu*, and Saurabh Gaur Prof. "PERFORMANCE EVOLUTION OF PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM WITH AND WITHOUT LDPC TECHNIQUE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 3 (2016): 372–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47200.

Full text

Abstract:

The OFDM is one of the proven multicarrier modulation techniques, which provides high spectral efficiency, low implementation complexity, less vulnerability to echoes and non-linear distortion. Apart from the above advantages presently this technique is used by almost all wireless standards and above. The one major shortcoming in the implementation of this system is the high PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) of this system. In this paper, Irregular Low-Density-Parity Check encoder is used effectively to reduce PAPR problem& improves BER. Low Density Parity Check codes (LDPC) are promising

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mounir, Mohamed, Mohamed B. El_Mashade, Salah Berra, Gurjot Singh Gaba, and Mehedi Masud. "A Novel Hybrid Precoding-Companding Technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in 5G and beyond." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041410.

Full text

Abstract:

Several high-speed wireless systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) due to its advantages. 5G has adopted OFDM and is expected to be considered beyond 5G (B5G). Meanwhile, OFDM has a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Hybridization between two PAPR reduction techniques gains the two techniques’ advantages. Hybrid precoding-companding techniques are attractive as they require small computational complexity to achieve high PAPR reduction gain. Many precoding-companding techniques were introduced to increasing the PAPR reduction gain. However, reducing Bit Erro

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Gadiel, Godwin M., Kamwe Ibwe, and M. M. Kisaka. "Blind Algorithm Development for Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems under Frequency Selective Channels." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 2 (2019): 192–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v38i2.504.

Full text

Abstract:

One major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This effect causes high power amplifier (HPA) to introduce intermodulation and out of band radiation as the signal goes through, thus degrades the performance of OFDM systems. This paper proposes blind algorithms which takes advantage of signal transformation technique and signal distortion technique. Simulation results show that at complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) level of 10-3 , the proposed algorithm achieved 3.2 dB PAPR improvement compared to discrete

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Wang, Tong, Xiaonan Yu, Baiqiu Zhao, and Diyue Pang. "Error Characterization of Differential Detection and Non-Differential Detection for MIMO UWOC Systems in Seawater Turbulent Channels." Photonics 10, no. 8 (2023): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080859.

Full text

Abstract:

Ocean turbulence is an important factor affecting the development of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). To improve the error characteristics of the underwater optical communication system, we propose a differential detection-based multi-receiver-multi-transmitter (MIMO) underwater laser communication transmission method. Additionally, we derive the expressions for calculating the average BER of the MIMO underwater wireless optical communication system with differential detection and non-differential detection in the case that the two transmitted beams are completely uncorrelated

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Rafi Akbar, Teuku Alif, and Apriono Catur. "Visible Light Communication System Design Using Raspberry Pi4B, LED Array, and MQTT Synchronization Protocol." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika 9, no. 1 (2023): 58–73. https://doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v9i1.25431.

Full text

Abstract:

Visible light communication emerged as the solution to overcome limitations exist in RF-based communication system. Although many research has been done on VLC, there are still a lot room for improvements, especially in the design of the VLC itself. This study discusses a simple visible light communication system design that transmits temperature and humidity information. The system uses Array 2×2 LED configuration to transmit data and photodiode to receive the optical signal. Raspberry Pi is used as the signal processor. The research carried out variations in the color of LED used, variations

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

ZHANG, FAN, and HONGBIN ZHANG. "DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING CAPACITY ANALYSIS." International Journal of Information Acquisition 02, no. 01 (2005): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878905000428.

Full text

Abstract:

In watermarking schemes, image can be considered as a communication channel to transmit messages. This paper presents a new adaptive capacity analysis scheme for image watermarking, realizes a content adaptive watermarking algorithm invisibly embedding the strongest watermark, and discusses the watermarking capacity of blind watermarking and non-blind watermarking. This paper also analyzes the relation between watermarking capacity and watermarking detection bit error rate (BER), and derives the relation between capacity and the limit of BER. According to the result of research, watermarking d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Maddanaca, Andi. "Reduksi Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Pada Sistem STBC MIMO-OFDM dengan Metode Selected Mapping dan Partial Transmit Sequence." Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer 3, no. 1 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/incomtech.v3i1.1115.

Full text

Abstract:

Teknik OFDM merupakan teknik multicarrier yang mengefisienkan bandwidth. Penggunaan teknik OFDM dapat mengatasi multipath fading dan intersymbol interference (ISI). Namun demikian, OFDM mempunyai dua kelemahan, salah satunya adalah peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) yang tinggi. PAPR yang tinggi akan menyebabkan distorsi nonlinear pada high power amplifier (HPA) karena HPA membatasi keluaran dengan nilai tertentu dan mengurangi efisiensi daya amplifier. Oleh karena itu, PAPR yang tinggi harus direduksi. Metode reduksi PAPR yang diajukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode Selected Mapping (SLM) d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Jabori, Hiba Abdel Wahab, and Oday A. L. A. Ridha. "Simple 2D chaotic remapping scheme for securing optical communication networks." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 12 (2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.12.07.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, a simple and new method is proposed to simultaneously improve the physical layer security and the transmission performance of the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, by combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique with chaotic theory principles. In the system, a 2-D chaotic map is employed. The introduced system replaces complex operations such as matrix multiplication with simple operations such as multiplexing and inverting. The system performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and peak to average ratio (PAPR) is enhanced. The system i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Davis, Matthew, Alexandra Stone, Lane Selman, Patrick Merscher, and Amy Garrett. "Grafting onto Tomato Rootstocks Improves Outcomes for Dry-farmed Tomato." HortTechnology 34, no. 3 (2024): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05412-24.

Full text

Abstract:

Vegetable grafting can mitigate the negative effects of drought on crop production. Dry farming, which is the production of crops without irrigation during a dry growing season, can result in lower yields, smaller fruit, and a higher incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), which is a physiological disorder associated with drought stress. To determine the effects of grafting on yield and fruit quality of dry-farmed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), three years of trials were conducted using different scion–rootstock combinations and ungrafted controls. In 2020, grafting onto rootstocks ‘DRO141TX’ and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

KIM, Dongju, Kyunbyoung KO, Jeongho PARK, and Daesik HONG. "Average BER Analysis for Multicode 64-QAM CDMA Systems with an MPIC." IEICE Transactions on Communications E92-B, no. 2 (2009): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e92.b.636.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Papoutsis, Vasileios D., and Stavros A. Kotsopoulos. "Chunk-Based Resource Allocation in Multicast OFDMA Systems with Average BER Constraint." IEEE Communications Letters 15, no. 5 (2011): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2011.030911.110252.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Papoutsis, Vasileios D., and Alexia P. Stamouli. "Chunk-Based Resource Allocation in Multicast MISO-OFDMA with Average BER Constraint." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 2 (2013): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.010313.122214.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Morgado, Eduardo, Inmaculada Mora-Jimenez, Juan J. Vinagre, Javier Ramos, and Antonio J. Caamano. "End-to-End Average BER in Multihop Wireless Networks over Fading Channels." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9, no. 8 (2010): 2478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2010.070710.090240.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hassan, Mohamed, Manwinder Singh, Khalid Hamid, Rashid Saeed, Maha Abdelhaq, and Raed Alsaqour. "Modeling of NOMA-MIMO-Based Power Domain for 5G Network under Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155668.

Full text

Abstract:

The integration of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technologies is a hybrid technology that overcomes a myriad of problems in the 5G cellular system and beyond, including massive connectivity, low latency, and high dependability. The goal of this paper is to improve and reassess the bit error rate (BER), spectrum efficiency (SE) of the downlink (DL), average capacity rate, and outage probability (OP) of the uplink (UL) in a 5G network using MIMO. The proposed model utilizes QPSK modulation, four users with different power location coefficients, S

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kaushik, Rahul, Vineet Khandelwal, and R. C. Jain. "A New Closed Form Approximation for BER for Optical Wireless Systems in Weak Atmospheric Turbulence." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 2 (2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0142.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWeak atmospheric turbulence condition in an optical wireless communication (OWC) is captured by log-normal distribution. The analytical evaluation of average bit error rate (BER) of an OWC system under weak turbulence is intractable as it involves the statistical averaging of Gaussian Q-function over log-normal distribution. In this paper, a simple closed form approximation for BER of OWC system under weak turbulence is given. Computation of BER for various modulation schemes is carried out using proposed expression. The results obtained using proposed expression compare favorably with

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kaushik, Rahul, Vineet Khandelwal, and R. C. Jain. "An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0119.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Obtaining analytically closed-form expression for bit error rate (BER) of an optical wireless communication (OWC) system under weak atmospheric turbulence is extremely difficult and intractable. In this paper, a simple closed-form approximate expression for average BER of OWC system under weak turbulence condition is obtained using point estimate method. The proposed expression is used to compute the BER for on-off keying (OOK) and sub carrier intensity modulated (SIM) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes. Results obtained using proposed expression are compared with tho

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Abdelkader, Mostafa, Fathia A. Elkhawaga, Ahmed A. Suliman, et al. "Understanding the Regular Biological Mechanism of Susceptibility of Tomato Plants to Low Incidences of Blossom-End Rot." Horticulturae 10, no. 6 (2024): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060648.

Full text

Abstract:

Blossom-end rot (BER) is a physiological disorder caused by calcium deficiency, often paired with moisture stress and irregular traditional watering practices. To understand the biological mechanism affecting the incidence of BER, different tomato genotypes were cultivated in sandy soil and were traditionally irrigated. Nine tomato genotypes were investigated to assess their susceptibility to BER, and the incidence rate varied from 7.1% in “Voskhod” to 57.6% in “Majnat” genotypes. This study also comprehensively analyzed various physiological and biochemical parameters to elucidate their corre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Humam Husseinˡ, Dogu Cagdas Atilla, Essa Essa, and Cagatay Aydin. "Transmission (2Gbps) over optical fiber cable by using radio over fiber and wavelength division multiplexing techniques." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 5 (2019): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i5.427.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been a growing and continuous demand for great (data rates) beyond existing wired and wireless networks. Radio-over-Fiber technology is considered as an efficient and practical solution for providing broadband wireless. In this paper, many techniques are used to implement a system that has the capability to provide a great bit rate, broadband bandwidth, and minimum cost. So Radio-over-Fiber technology was used to modulate the light with radio-signal and transmission the signals through an optical fiber cable. Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing technique was used to sen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sha, Xin Xin, Jian Zhou, and Yuan Xue Song. "Design and Simulation of OFDM System Based on Matlab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1081.

Full text

Abstract:

OFDM is a key modulation and multiplexing technique. The basic system structure of OFDM is introduced firstly. This paper chose appropriate implementation schemes for channel coding, PAPR(Peak To Average Power Ratio) reducing and synchronization of the OFDM system based on the minimum BER(Bit Error Rate). Finally, the paper realized the simulation and got the BER in different SNR(Signal To Noise Ratio) in the matlab environment .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Barker, Allen V., and Kathleen M. Ready. "Ethylene Evolution by Tomatoes Stressed by Ammonium Nutrition." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (1994): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.706.

Full text

Abstract:

Studies of ethylene evolution by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit were conducted with plants receiving NH4-N or NO3-N nutrition. Fruit of plants grown with NH4-N had a higher occurrence of blossom-end rot (BER), higher NH4-N concentrations, and higher ethylene evolution rates than fruit from plants grown with NO3-N. Fruit of plants grown with NO3-N showed no enhancement in ethylene evolution with BER development. Fertilizing these plants with Ca(NO3)2 doubled the average Ca concentration of fruit and restricted BER development. Ammonium suppressed Ca accumulation in fruit relative

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Shawqi, Farooq Sijal, Lukman Audah, Salama A. Mostafa, et al. "A New SLM-UFMC Model for Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier to Reduce Cubic Metric and Peak to Average Power Ratio in 5G Technology." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (2020): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060909.

Full text

Abstract:

The new generation of wireless communication systems has adopted different waveforms. The universal filtered multicarrier is one of the adopted candidates that has symmetry with various numerology designs. However, the high peak to average power ratio is one of the major limitations faced by universal filter multicarrier (UFMC) designers. Moreover, recent studies utilize cubic metric along with the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) to show the power back-off effect of the signal in which the PAPR metric identifies the maximum peak and the cubic metric (CM) identifies the Out of Band emission

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Widiyanti, Eti, Sri Wening, and Emy Budiastuti. "MODIFIKASI KEBAYA BER-BUSTIER LEKAT DENGAN SISTEM SOEN." Home Economics Journal 7, no. 2 (2023): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/hej.v7i2.56848.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aim to (1) Knowing the process of making a modified bustier kebaya; (2) Knowing the effect of a modified bustier kebaya with a so-en system technique on the level of comfort in terms of the position of the kebaya fitting factor; (3) Knowing the most preferred modified kebaya by consumers. This research is a true experimental study with a post test only control design. The data collection technique used is through observation sheets and questionnaires (anget). The assessment was carried out by five panelists to find out the position of the kebaya fitting facto analysis technique u

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Alyasari, Noora Kadhim Hadi, and Anwar Jasib Almzaiel. "Formulation and Characterization of a Pluronic F127 Polymeric Micelle as a Nanocarrier for Berberine Delivery." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 24, no. 2 (2024): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.88109.

Full text

Abstract:

Berberine's (Ber’s) lower water solubility, which leads to low bioavailability, poses substantial delivery-related barriers to its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, a new approach to improving Ber's delivery and bioavailability is required. In this study, a Pluronic F127 micelle containing Ber (mBer) was formulated using thin-film hydration technique with the intention of resolving challenging issues associated with Ber delivery. The micelle was tested for drug loading and retention efficiency, size, zeta potential, shape, in vitro release, and in vitro toxicity. The spherical micelles that were mad

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Zhu, Yulong, Guanjun Xu, Min Gao, Hongjun Chu, and Zhaohui Song. "Average bit-error rate analysis of an inter-satellite optical communication system under the effect of perturbations." Optics Express 32, no. 21 (2024): 36796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.533202.

Full text

Abstract:

The benefits of higher data transmission rates, extensive communication frequency bandwidths, reduced power consumption, and enhanced anti-interference capabilities make inter-satellite optical communication (ISOC) a promising technology for the future. However, during orbital motion, satellites are subjected to external perturbation forces, which affect the performance of the ISOC system. This paper establishes an ISOC system consisting of two co-orbital satellites orbiting the Earth under the influence of perturbations. For what we believe to be the first time, the probability density functi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Husseinˡ, Humam, Dogu Cagdas Atilla1, Essa Essa2, and Cagatay Aydin1. "Transmission (2Gbps) over optical fiber cable by using radio over fiber and wavelength division multiplexing techniques." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 5 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i5.877.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been a growing and continuous demand for great (data rates) beyond existing wired and wireless networks. Radio-over-Fiber technology is considered as an efficient and practical solution for providing broadband wireless. In this paper, many techniques are used to implement a system that has the capability to provide a great bit rate, broadband bandwidth, and minimum cost. So Radio-over-Fiber technology was used to modulate the light with radio-signal and transmission the signals through an optical fiber cable. Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing technique was used to sen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Kumar, Pawan, and Kalpana Dhaka. "Average BER and resource allocation in wireless powered decode-and-forward relay system." IET Communications 13, no. 4 (2019): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5268.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

KIM, K. "A Simplified Ordering Scheme Minimizing Average BER for MIMO Systems with Adaptive Modulation." IEICE Transactions on Communications E88-B, no. 11 (2005): 4390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.11.4390.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ramtej, K. Shri, and S. Anuradha. "Experimental Validation of Improved Exponential Companding Technique for SC-FDMA Systems Using WARP Hardware." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 10 (2019): 2050154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501546.

Full text

Abstract:

As single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is used in long-term evolution (LTE) uplink communications, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) increases power consumption in mobile devices. It is severe when localized subcarrier mapping is used with higher-order modulations. Companding is an attractive technique that offers a tradeoff between PAPR and bit error rate (BER) performances. This paper proposes an exponential companding technique that uses two companding levels based on a threshold, to reduce PAPR in SC-FDMA systems. It does not increase the average power level o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mohammed, Mokhalad L., and Fadhil S. Hasan. "Design and Performance Analysis of Frequency Hopping OFDM Based Noise Reduction DCSK System." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (2022): 1438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3836.

Full text

Abstract:

The reference chaotic signal in the differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) system causes both bit error rate (BER) and security performance degradation. In this paper, a frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based noise reduction DCSK (FH-OFDM-NR-DCSK) system is proposed to enhance both the BER and security performance of the OFDM-DCSK system. This system combines the advantages of both FH-OFDM-DCSK and NR-DCSK. Rather than creating β separate chaotic samples to utilize as a reference sequence, β/P chaotic samples are created and then replicated P times. Moving average f

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Mokhalad, L. Mohammed, and S. Hasan Fadhil. "Design and performance analysis of frequency hopping OFDM based noise reduction DCSK system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (2022): 1438~1448. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3836.

Full text

Abstract:

The reference chaotic signal in the differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) system causes both bit error rate (BER) and security performance degradation. In this paper, a frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based noise reduction DCSK (FH-OFDM-NR-DCSK) system is proposed to enhance both the BER and security performance of the OFDM-DCSK system. This system combines the advantages of both FH-OFDM-DCSK and NRDCSK. Rather than creating β separate chaotic samples to utilize as a reference sequence, β/P chaotic samples are created and then replicated P times. Moving

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mihaljević, Ante, Adriana Lipovac, Vlatko Lipovac, and Jasmin Musovic. "Practical BER-Based Estimation of Residual OFDM CFO by Reducing Noise Margin." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (September 26, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8881436.

Full text

Abstract:

The main OFDM drawbacks are Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) and large Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which both degrade the Bit Error Rate (BER). Specifically, we consider here clipping or any other PAPR reduction method sufficient to prevent the nonlinear high-power amplifier from generating errors. Moreover, in small cells, the signal-to-noise ratio is large, while the small time dispersion allows the OFDM symbol cyclic prefix to prevent intersymbol interference. This retains the CFO to solely determine the BER and vice versa, enabling indirect estimation of CFO-induced phase distortion

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cong, Zihan, Hui Zhang, Yaru Gao, Yangjian Cai, and Yangsheng Yuan. "Performance of Orbital Angular Momentum Communication for a Non-Uniformly Correlated High-Order Bessel–Gaussian Beam in a Turbulent Atmosphere." Photonics 11, no. 2 (2024): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020131.

Full text

Abstract:

We derived the formula for the detection probability, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and average bit error rate (BER) for the signal orbital angular momentum (OAM) state carried via non-uniformly correlated high-order Bessel–Gaussian beam propagation in a turbulent atmosphere. The wavelength, receiver aperture, beam width, strength of the turbulent atmosphere, and topological charge effect on detection probability, SNR, and average BER of the signal OAM state were demonstrated numerically. The results show that the signal OAM state with low topological charge, a small receiver aperture, a narrow

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zheng, Jianfeng, Yue Li, and Zhenghe Feng. "Impact of Mutual Coupling and Polarization of Antennas on BER Performances of Spatial Multiplexing MIMO Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/795205.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is aimed at studying the impacts of mutual coupling, matching networks, and polarization of antennas on performances of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems employing Spatial Multiplexing (SM). In particular, the uncoded average Bit Error Rate (BER) of MIMO systems is investigated. An accurate signal analysis framework based on circuit network parameters is presented to describe the transmit/receive characteristics of the matched/unmatched antenna array. The studied arrays consist of matched/unmatched compact copolarization and polarization diversity antenna array. Monte-Ca

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Asia, Hazareena, and Aziz Musthafa B. "Performance of Filtered OFDM Over Different Fading Channels." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 1959–62. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.D8909.049420.

Full text

Abstract:

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes are used extensively nowadays in large number of practical systems, but OFDM may not be the ideal solution for 5G scenarios because OFDM has high Out of band emission (OOBE) due to high spectral leakage and high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Therefore Filtered OFDM (F-OFDM), which uses sub band filtering, is proposed as the most flexible waveform for 5G. However there is no work listed in the literature so far that compares the bit error rate (BER) performance of F-OFDM and conventional OFDM in AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channel. T

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hadi, Muhammad S., William S. Conway, and Carl E. Sams. "Effects of Calcium on Yield and Incidence of Blossom-end Rot of Three Tomato Cultivars." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 672d—672. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.672d.

Full text

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Ca nutrition on yield and incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato. Three levels of Ca (low = 20 ppm, medium = 200 ppm, and high = 1,000 ppm; selected to represent very deficient, normal, and very high levels of calcium) were applied to three cultivars of tomatoes (`Mountain Supreme', `Celebrity', and `Sunrise'; selected to represent genetic differences in susceptibility to BER) grown in modified Hoagland solutions using a greenhouse hydroponic system. The experiment was constructed in a randomized complete-block design with three bl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wu, Jia, Xin Su, Hui Gao, and Zhang Zhang. "A Pre-Coding Scheme for Minimizing the Average BER Applicable to Cooperative Multi-Cell System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 2237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.2237.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we design a pre-coding method in cooperative multi-cell system, which is the singular value decomposition (SVD) processing followed by a power allocation scheme of minimizing the average BER of the system under a set of every base station (BS) transmit power constraints. This method further reduces the residual interference through power efficiently allocated among the data streams. Moreover, taking different channel state information (CSI) error variances among user equipments (UEs) into consideration, the proposed low-complexity pre-coding scheme is robust to imperfect CSI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Goel, Ashish, and Prateek Mathur. "Companding Schemes for Reducing PAPR in OFDM System: A Review." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 3 (2020): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0196.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractHigh PAPR poses a large hindrance to high data rate Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. A companding transform converts the Probability distribution function (PDF) of the transmitted OFDM signal in a way which reduces the Peak-to-average power-ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we have performed the study of companding techniques and analyzes the PAPR and BER performances of these schemes. Here, we have considered μ-law companding, exponential companding, trapezoidal companding (TC) and trigonal companding for comparison. In this paper, we have demonstrated that μ-law

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Alrakah, Hussien, Mohamad Hijazi, Sinan Sinanovic, and Wasiu Popoola. "Clipping Noise in Visible Light Communication Systems with OFDM and PAPR Reduction." Photonics 11, no. 7 (2024): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070643.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents an analytical study of signal clipping that leads to the noise/distortion in the waveform of DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM)-based visible light communication (VLC) systems. The pilot-assisted (PA) technique is used to reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the time-domain waveform of the DCO-OFDM system. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the PA DCO-OFDM system is investigated analytically at three different clipping levels as well as without any clipping. The analytical BER performance is verified through simulat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!