Relevant bibliographies by topics / Average wages

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Average wages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Average wages"

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WILES., P. "AVERAGE WAGES IN U.S.S.R." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 15, no. 9 (2009): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1953.mp15009003.x.

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Hirasawa, Katsuhiko, and Wenjing Shi. "The Structure of Wage and Salary Administration in Japan." NCC Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nccj.v8i1.63740.

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the basic structure of wage administration in Japan. Total wages are the subject of labor-management negotiations in Japan. The base wage (average rate) serves as a basis for negotiations. This means that wage negotiations in Japan are conducted between labor and management within the framework of administration. Negotiations over average wages were proposed by the government immediately after the defeat in the war to stabilize prices. Originally, labor unions demanded minimum wages by age group. However, the method of negotiation over average wages has b
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Nguyen, Phuong Van, Hien Huynh Thi Ngoc, Hoa Doan Xuan Trieu, Khoa Tien Tran, and Dung Hanh Phuong Nguyen. "The Effect of Horizontal Spillovers from FDI on Average Wages: Evidence from Vietnamese Enterprises." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, no. 02 (2020): 2050010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500101.

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This study aims to find fresh evidences of the effects of horizontal spillover, trade orientation, and firm characteristics on real wages moderated by five categories of ownership. Based on an exploration of 2007–2015 Vietnamese firm-level data collected by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the findings reveal significantly positive effects of horizontal spillover and export orientation on average wages. In contrast, import orientation negatively affects wages. The results are supported by the literature of labor market competition and productivity improvement. Importantly, the effect
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Aarstad, Jarle, and Olav A. Kvitastein. "Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes?" Economies 9, no. 2 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020081.

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Panel data show that between 2001 and 2014 Norwegian industries’ increasing aggregated operating profits per employee increased average wages and wage inequality. The data imply that increasing profits, perhaps unsurprisingly, induce a wage premium. The data further imply that employees earning high incomes at the outset had the highest wage increase percentage-wise. Decreasing operating profits per employee had opposite but less robust effects on average wages and wage inequality. Panel data Granger causality tests finally showed that average wages, but not wage inequality, reversely and posi
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Oblath, Gábor, and András Simonovits. "Statistical overstatement of average wages and its impact on pensions: The case of Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 74, no. 4 (2024): 445–61. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2024.00021.

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AbstractIn Hungary, initial pensions are indexed to average net wages, reported by official earnings statistics (ES). However, there is an alternative statistical source on labour income, the national accounts (NA). The latter indicate a markedly lower rate of growth in wages than the ES for the period between 2010 and 2020. We claim that the ES overstated the actual increase in wages at the national level during the 2010s, and make our own calculations regarding the path of net wages and implied (hypothetical) initial pensions. The main implications are as follows: (i) the actual increase in
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Dwijanarko, Bambang, Fonny Rianawati, and Asysyifa Asysyifa. "ANALISA BIAYA PEMBUKAAN LAHAN TANPA BAKAR DI DESA TELAGA LANGSAT KECAMATAN TAKISUNG KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3, no. 3 (2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v3i3.2177.

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This study aims to find out what PLTB methods are carried out by the community, know the wage system, know the costs, know the most efficient method. The benefits of the research can provide information about methods, costs, wage systems and efficient PLTB methods so that it can be applied to the people of Telaga Langsat Village, Takisung District, Tanah Laut Regency. The basic method of this study uses descriptive methods, conducting direct interviews with the community regarding the cost components needed in land clearing without burning.The results of the research on PLTB activities are the
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Baeza, Alejandro Valle. "National Differences in Average Wages." International Journal of Political Economy 27, no. 4 (1997): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08911916.1997.11643956.

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Yelisyeyeva, Oksana, NATALIIA Kutova, and IRYNA Stolietova. "ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF WAGE TRENDS IN UKRAINE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 292, no. 2 (2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-292-2-14.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of wages as an economic category, as the main factor in the functioning of the labor market, an assessment of multiple indicators is carried out such as: annual average wage size dynamics and changes in the standard of the population living, taking into account inflationary processes. The index of real wages and the level of purchasing power of the population are analyzed. The assessment of the average monthly salary in the regions of Ukraine showed that in regions with a high average salary, it exceeds the new approved minimum only 1.8 times. The excepti
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Lynn, Michael. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Tipping: A State-Level Analysis." Compensation & Benefits Review 52, no. 3 (2020): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368720908959.

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Analyses of state differences in minimum wages and tip percentages found that (1) states with higher regular minimum wages have lower average tip percentages in coffee shops and higher average tip percentages in restaurants (after controlling for tipped minimum wages and cost-of-living) and (2) states with higher tipped minimum wages have lower average tip percentages in restaurants and higher average tip percentages in coffee shops (after controlling for regular minimum wages and cost of living). Although the data are only correlational and do not prove causality, these findings support the i
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Kwiatkowska, Walentyna. "Macroeconomic Conditions Determining the Level and the Rate of Changes of Wages and Salaries in Poland in 2007-2012." Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (2013): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3239.

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This study characterized and evaluated the level and rate of change in wages and salaries in Poland in 2007-2012 and analysed the main macroeconomic determinants of their development. The analysis present changes to average wage, minimal wage and fair wage. Their level and rate of change are determined by macroeconomic factors, particularly economic growth processes, changes in productivity of labour, inflation rate and the situation on the labour market. A quite strong correlation can be observed between the rate of changes of the real GDP and the development of average nominal wages. Inflati
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Average wages"

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Rosa, Cláudio, and Johannes Ramsén. "Have the average wages of the Eurozone countries converged?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44136.

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This thesis analyses the progression of the average wages of the countries in the Eurozone between 1996 and 2017. The purpose of this study is to examine if the wages in those countries have converged during this period and the impact of adopting the Euro had. To answer that question, data has been collected for every country and expose the progression of the average wages relatively to the Eurozone’s average. Furthermore, the thesis employs an econometrical model to conclude if the average wages are statistically different from the Eurozone’s average.  With the above process, this paper concl
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Teklay, Filmon. "Housing supply and the level of house prices : An outlook on the greater Stockholm region real estate market." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101402.

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The Swedish housing market has experienced an almost constant increase of housing prices since the economic crisis in the early 90‟s. Many studies have been conducted on the field which have tried to find an explanation to the constant trend and if there is an end in sight. However, this study aims at focusing on the supply/demand relationship in determining the housing prices in the County of Stockholm. The method that was used was both a time series regression and a cross sectional regression, by applying data on the amount of housing that has been constructed per thousand inhabitants in eac
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Abboud, Endy, and Mary Beniamin. "Migration and average wages in Sweden : Immigration as a labour supply shock on the Swedish labour market from the year 2011 to 2018 across municipalities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49256.

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With the recent influx of foreign-born individuals migrating to Sweden, this study aims to answer the question, “do high skilled foreign-born individuals relate positively to average wages in Sweden?”. We specifically observe high skilled foreign-born individuals and their contribution to the average wage across different municipalities in Sweden between the years 2011 and 2018. The method carried out in this study consisted of an empirical analysis where the significance of economic factors was interpreted in order to understand the variation in wages. The data was extracted from Statistics S
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Baránková, Petra. "Dopady imigrácie na ekonomické ukazovatele v Austrálii, Veľkej Británii a Spojených štátoch Amerických." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359546.

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The diploma thesis deals with the issue of immigration and its impact on the economy in Australia, Great Britain and the United States of America. In the introduction, various migration theories explaining the migration motifs and immigration policies, whose specifics and the type of requirements of the monitored countries sheds the composition of incoming individuals, are discussed. This profile is complemented by the analysis itself, which examines the socio-economic factors of foreign-born population living in the monitored countries. This analysis is carried out by cross-sectional data com
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Spěváková, Klára. "Minimální mzda v České republice a v Evropské unii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142206.

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The aim of my work is to describe the position of minimum wage in the Czech Republic and to insight its relationship with the other income quantities. In the first part I concentrated on the terms of related with minimum wage and after that I dealer with the development of minimum wage and I analyze its relationship with other income quantities. The last part compares the level of minimum wage in the Czech Republic with the other member states of the European Union where the minimum wage is determined by the law.
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Яковенко, Р. В., R. Yakovenko, А. П. Киглюк та A. Kyglyuk. "Актуальні проблеми розвитку підприємництва". Thesis, Sheffield : Science and education LTD, 2015. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7067.

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Тези аналізують показники діяльності малих підприємств в Україні за 4 роки та визначають головну проблематику The thesis analyzes the performance of small enterprises in Ukraine for 4 years and defines the main issues
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Barbosa, Maria Nivania Feitosa. "A evolu??o do emprego formal industrial nas cidades m?dias do estado do Cear? (Juazeiro do Norte, Crato e Sobral) no per?odo de 1990 a 2010." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14088.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaNFB_DISSERT.pdf: 1439709 bytes, checksum: 01b20e1ce03d68a5902b7992884ca724 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-24<br>The work consists in a discussion of the evolution of formal employment in the industrial cities of Cear? state averages from 1990 to 2010, since this period was marked by important changes. It is emphasized that in order to achieve this aim, the present study was based on a survey of relevant literature on the subject, as well as the use of the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS), publishe
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Bieliková, Nikol. "Průměrná mzda a HDP - vzájemné vztahy a vazby." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198019.

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The thesis describes interactions and relationships between selected economic indicators. These indicators are the gross domestic product and the average gross monthly wage. The analysis of these selected indicators, are made for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The work has four main parts, which are divided into several other sections. The first defines the concept of national accounting, the second part contents gross domestic product, the method of its calculating and the frequency of compilation. In the third section is described the field theory of wages and salaries and the concepts suc
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Král, Šimon. "ANALÝZA FAKTORŮ PŮSOBÍCÍCH NA TRH HYPOTEČNÍCH ÚVĚRŮ V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262224.

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The topic of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the factors influencing the mortgage market in the Czech Republic. The first part explains the basic terms related to the mortgage loan. Then follow characteristics of different mortgage loans which a client is able to get on the local market. Next there is a description of the history of mortgage lending in the Czech Republic and its development to the present day. The first chapter of the analytical part defines the factors which has influence on the development of the mortgage market. In the next chapter these macroeconomic factors are ana
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Radzevičiūtė, Eglė. "Assessment of foreign direct investment by gravity model approach." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130129_192400-56972.

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In the thesis foreign direct investment in the Baltic countries using gravity model have been analysed. The first part of the thesis consists of foreign direct investment definition, the positive and negative influencing factors of foreign direct investment evaluation criteria analysis of the scientific literature and the authors different approaches to them. It is also made a critical evaluation of literature, authors usually distinguishing factors mentioned in different sources that affect foreign direct investment. Also in the first part of the paper theoretically gravity model and its appl
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Books on the topic "Average wages"

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Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia. Average Earnings Working Group., ed. Average earnings: A discussion paper on proposals of the Average Earnings Working Group to the Governors' Committee on Average Earnings. Workers' Compensation Board of B.C., 1992.

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Joyce, M. A. S. The determination of average earnings in Great Britain. Economics Division, Bank of England, 1990.

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Job Service North Dakota. Labor Market Information Center. North Dakota workforce review: 2008 annual average data. 2nd ed. Labor Market Information Center, Job Service North Dakota, 2009.

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Great Britain. Department of Social Security. Households below average income: A statistical analysis 1981-87. Government Statistical Service, 1990.

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Alabama. Labor Market Analysis Unit., ed. Alabama annual average labor force estimates, 1979-1984. Alabama Dept. of Industrial Relations, Research and Statistics Division, Labor Market Analysis Unit, 1985.

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Paldam, Martin. Minimum wages and average wages: Analyzing the causality : the cases of Argentina, Brazil & Chile. 2nd ed. World Bank, 1986.

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Mukoyama, Toshihiko. Why did the average duration of unemployment become so much longer? Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2004.

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Chambers, Ray. Review of methodology for the average earnings index. s.n., 1998.

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Clingman, Michael D. Average wages for 1985-90 for indexing under the Social Security Act. Social Security Administration, Office of Chief Actuary, 1992.

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Angrist, Joshua David. Does labor supply explain fluctuations in average hours worked? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Average wages"

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Bamberg, G., and T. R. Landes. "Average Wages in Share Economies." In Statistik, Informatik und Ökonomie. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74052-7_1.

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Stephenson, Judy Z. "In Search of the Average Craftsman: Understanding Skilled Work and Wages in the Early Modern Building Trades and Wider Economy." In Seven Centuries of Unreal Wages. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96962-6_5.

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Fernández-Macías, Enrique, John Hurley, and Sergio Torrejón Pérez. "Approach and Methods." In Global Trends in Job Polarisation and Upgrading. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76228-4_3.

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Abstract This chapter outlines the approach and methodology used in our comparative analysis of employment changes across global economies. The core methodology is a jobs-based approach, which shifts the unit of analysis from individual workers to jobs defined as specific combinations of occupation and sector, ranked by job quality metrics such as average wages. We detail the essence of this approach and the common methodological guidelines applied across participating countries. We also emphasize the flexibility and adaptability needed to account for national data specificities and socio-econ
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Tian, Fei Ran. "On the Initial Value Problem of the Whitham Averaged System." In Singular Limits of Dispersive Waves. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2474-8_10.

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Tsarev, Serguei P. "On the Integrability of the Averaged KdV and Benney Equations." In Singular Limits of Dispersive Waves. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2474-8_11.

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Rozas Rozas, Joseph, and Rodrigo Hernández Pellicer. "Wake Interactions in an Asymmetric Binary Cylinder System in the Subcritical – Supercritical Regime." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_3.

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AbstractExperimental results on the interaction between the wakes of a formed by two cylinders (binary) of different diameters are presented. The binary system is introduced into a pond with water and coupled to a system with linear displacement, causing the development of a Bérnard von Kármán (BvK) stability through the relative movement between the body and the fluid. The dynamics of the wakes are characterized through a PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) algorithm using a CCD sensor coupled to the solidarity movement of the system. On the other hand, the visualization is done using the hydrog
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Morán-López, J. Tiberius, Oleg Schilling, and James P. Holloway. "Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Modeling of Reshocked Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability Experiments and Simulations." In 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves 2. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16838-8_40.

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Nattrass, Nicoli, and Jeremy Seekings. "Trajectories of Development and the Global Clothing Industry." In Inclusive Dualism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841463.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 provides a history and analysis of development trajectories in the global clothing industry. Trade liberalization (specifically the end of import quotas from January 2005) and the rise of global value chains have changed the nature of the global economy since Lewis’s time. We use UNIDO data on remuneration, output, and employment to identify post-2004 national development trajectories showing that upgrading trajectories can be pro-labour (a rising wage share of value-added) or pro-capital (a rising profit share). Pro-labour trajectories can deliver rising average wages and employment
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Dickie, J. P. "The Mineworkers’ Federation and Average Wages." In The Coal Problem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203732120-27.

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Acemoglu, Daron. "Changes in Unemployment and Wage Inequality:." In The Economics of Rising Inequalities. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199254026.003.0003.

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Abstract Between 1979 and 1987, the average weekly wages of college graduates with 1-5 years of experience increased by 30 per cent relative to the average weekly earnings of comparable high-school graduates (John Bound and George Johnson, 1992; Lawrence F. Katz and Kevin M. Murphy, 1992). Within-group (residual) wage inequality may have started increasing earlier: after controlling for education and experience, the differential between the 90th and the 10th percentile wages stood at 118 per cent in 1988 compared to 92 per cent in 1970 (Chinhui Juhn et al., 1993). The rise in inequality over t
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Conference papers on the topic "Average wages"

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Urbaníková, Marta, and Michaela Štubňová. "Analysis of wage inequalities in the Slovak Republic at the regional level." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-1.

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At present, at a time of incoming recession in the global and domestic economy, wages are an important tool in the labor market. The paper aims to analyze the development of average and minimum wages from the perspective of the Slovak Republic and its regions. At the same time, using correlation analysis, we analyze the relationship between wages and the educational structure of the region's population and registered unemployment in the region. The analyzes showed that average wages are constantly growing. The highest wage is in the Bratislava region, while in the Prešov region it was up to 38
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Nikoloski, Dimitar. "The Role of Efficiency Wages in Determining the Inter-Industry Wage Differentials: Evidence from North Macedonia." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2023.0027.

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The efficiency wage theory states that the workers’ productivity depends on their wages, thus firms find beneficial to pay higher than the market clearing wages by expecting an increase in labour productivity. Hence, this alterative approach to orthodox economic theory assumes a reversed causality established between wages and labour productivity. The efficiency wage models take into account the potential influence of institutional arrangements. For instance, the ICT industry characteristics such as possibility for platform work affect wage levels and contribute to paying wage premium (exposur
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Špeciánová, Jitka. "The Impact of Educational Attainment on Gross Wages: A Comparative Analysis of the Public and Private Sectors in Czechia." In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-47.

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This research paper examines the impact of educational attainment on gross wages in the public and private sectors in Czechia, focusing on potential disparities in wage outcomes. Using a comprehensive dataset from the Average Earnings Information System (ISPV) for 2022, we employ regression analysis, while controlling for factors such as age and gender. Our empirical analysis uncovers a positive relationship between educational attainment and wages in both the public and private sectors. However, it is noteworthy that the private sector demonstrates a slightly lower return to education compare
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Černěnko, Tomáš. "Konkurencieschopné platy v miestnej štátnej správe. Regionálny kompenzačný príplatok." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-28.

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Uniform wages offered by the public administration are not always competitive compared to private sector wages in every district. This is reflected in high levels of turnover, vacancies or an unbalanced age structure of employees and leads to a lower quality of public services provided. One way to address this would be to introduce a system to compensate for regional pay gaps. The aim of our paper is to propose a mechanism for determining the regional compensatory allowance for employees of district offices. We used two approaches to determine it. The first consists in expressing the share of
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Hrnčiar, Michal. "Effects of the Pandemic on Employees' Wages in the Slovak Republic." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.186-193.

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The present paper analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market in terms of the impact on employees' wages. The labor market is one of the segments that has suffered the most from the pandemic. The yearon- year changes in the wage growth rate that can be analyzed clearly show how significantly the development of the Slovak economy has been slowed down. The pandemic ended several good times, when the world's economies prospered above average and pointed out weaknesses. Residents were not prepared for a decline or loss of their income. This paper will analyze the indicators o
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Bílková, Diana. "Financial Potential of Czech Employees from the Perspective of Gender Statistics." In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-01.

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In the third quarter of 2022, the average gross monthly nominal wage rose by 6.1 percent compared to last year, but in real terms it fell by 9.8 percent due to inflation. The decline is the same as in the previous quarter. Inflation and a real drop in average wages have already forced three quarters of employees significantly to reduce some expenses. Considering the current situation, the biggest savings relate to holidays, eating out in restaurants, culture or sports activities. In general, people save by limiting purchases of better or better quality products or services, as well as branded
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Altukhova, I. A., M. I. Zhidkova, and L. E. c. https://orcid org/ Puinko. "Separate Approaches to the Study of Forecasting the Dynamics of Nominal Wages by Means of ARMAX Modeling." In International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business (FEMIB 2024). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63550/iceip.2025.91.96.001.

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The article is devoted to an econometric analysis of the average nominal monthly salary in Russia. It uses a method for estimating AR - moving average processes, assuming the presence of ARCH processes in the model. The aim of the study is to analyse wage dynamics in the Russian Federation, as the main source of household income, with the goal of forecasting and evaluating its impact on living standards in Russia. Data on average monthly nominal salaries for employees in all sectors of the economy were used. Forecasting and estimation were carried out using the Durbin - Watson criterion and th
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Fanta, Michael, Radek Soběhart, and Aleš Rod. "PRICE OF ALCOHOL IN EU MEMBER STATES – AFFORDABILITY OF ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS AND ROLE OF EXCISE DUTIES." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.93.

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This research paper focuses on alcoholic beverages and their price affordability between 2000-2016 in the member states of the European Union. Based on the data from OECD, WHO, Eurostat, and the European Commission, the paper primarily discusses development of prices and consumption of alcoholic products, level of excise duties, and the development of average wages. Overall alcohol consumption has decreased in most EU member states over the past two decades, even though price affordability has increased due to relatively dynamic development of average wages. As consumption of alcohol products
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Ercilasun, Mustafa, Ayşen Hiç Gencer, and Özgür Ömer Ersin. "Modeling the Determinants of Internal Migration in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00378.

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This paper aims to investigate major determinants of interprovincial migration in Turkey until 2010. In recent decades the magnitude of migration in absolute terms has increased considerably: During 1975-1980, 3.6 million people migrated, which constitutes 9.4% of the total population. These numbers have increased to 6.7 million people and 11.2% in the 1995-2000 period. The rate of increase is especially tremendous for the 1985-1990 period with 41%. Over the years the composition of migration has also changed: In the past rural-to-urban migration was predominant; however, today there is remark
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Kráľová, Katarína, Jana Sochuľáková, and Dagmar Petrušová. "CAUSES OF DIFFERENTIATED DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL STRUCTURES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.133.

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Our paper aims to identify and evaluate the factors determining the differentiated development of the regional structure of the Slovak Republic through analysis; directly or indirectly to show the reasons for the lag of some regions of the Slovak Republic. We will analyze the socio-economic lag of the regions in Slovakia through relevant social and economic indicators (e.g. unemployment rate, economic performance, the sectoral structure of the economy, state of infrastructure, average wages, selected demographic structures, level of innovation and others). We calculate and evaluate regional di
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Reports on the topic "Average wages"

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Ñopo, Hugo R. The Gender Wage Gap in Chile 1992-2003: From a Matching Comparisons Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010863.

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This paper analyzes the evolution of the gender wage gap in Chile during the period 1992 to 2003 using the decomposition approach developed in Ñopo (2004). This approach, which decomposes the wage gap into four additive elements, stresses the need for comparisons inside the common support for the distributions of observable characteristics of individuals. Also, it allows an analysis of the distribution of unexplained differences in wages (not only the averages). The results suggest that, besides the high educational attainment of females, there are noticeable gender wage gaps in Chile favoring
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Behrman, Jere R., Nancy Birdsall, and Miguel Székely. Economics Reform and Wage Differentials in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010785.

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This paper develops and applies a new approach to the estimation of the impact of economy-wide reforms on wage differentials, using a new high-quality data set on wage differentials by schooling level for 18 Latin American countries for the period 1980-1998. The results indicate that reform overall has had a short-run disequalizing effect of expanding wage differentials, although this effect tends to fade over time. This disequalizing effect is due to the strong impact of domestic financial market reform, capital account liberalization and tax reform. On the other hand, privatization contribut
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Zacchia, Giulia, and Izaskun Zuazu. The Wage Effect of Workplace Sexual Harassment: Evidence for Women in Europe. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp205.

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This article contributes to the literature on wage discrimination by examining the consequences of sexual harassment in the workplace on wages for women in Europe. We model the empirical relationship between sexual harassment risk and wages for European women employees using individual-level data provided by the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS, Eurostat). We find that sexual harassment risk has a negative and statistically significant effect on wages of -0.03% on average for women in Europe. However, our empirical analysis uncovers the importance of considering the dynamics of workpla
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Hambur, Jonathan. Did Labour Market Concentration Lower Wages Growth Pre-COVID? Reserve Bank of Australia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2023-02.

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Wages growth in Australia was lower than expected prior to COVID-19 based on historical determinants. One possible explanation for this is that employment had become more concentrated among a small number of large employers. This reduced outside options for workers and lowered their bargaining power and wages. This paper examines concentration in Australian labour markets and its impacts on wages using a large and representative database derived from administrative tax data. Labour markets have not, on average, become more concentrated over time. However, the impact of any given level of conce
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Peña, Ximena, Hugo R. Ñopo, and Alejandro Hoyos. The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010936.

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This paper surveys gender wage gaps in Colombia from 1994 to 2006, using matching comparisons to examine the extent to which individuals with similar human capital characteristics earn different wages. Three sub-periods are considered: 1994-1998; 2000-2001; and 2002- 2006. The gaps dropped from the first to the second period but remained almost unchanged between the second and the third. The gender wage gap remains largely unexplained after controlling for different combinations of socio-demographics and job-related characteristics, reaching between 13 and 23 percent of average female wages. T
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Chauvin, Juan Pablo, and Julián Messina. Research Insights: How Does Residential Segregation Shape Economic Inequality, and What Can Policymakers Do about It? Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003010.

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In Latin America, average wages vary greatly between countries richest and poorest regions. Differences in average wages across neighborhoods of the same city are even more significant. Residential segregation reduces access to economic opportunity. Families in less accessible neighborhoods spend more time and money commuting, are less likely to apply to distant jobs, and are more likely to remain unemployed if they lose their job. Public transportation investments can help to improve access to economic opportunity and reduce inequality in segregated cities if they are combined with zoning pol
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Rodríguez-Álvarez, Juan Antonio, and Ricardo Monge-González. Impact Evaluation of Innovation and Linkage Development Programs in Costa Rica: The Cases of PROPYME and CR Provee. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011525.

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This paper estimates the impact of two productive development programs (PDPs) in Costa Rica: PROPYME and CR Provee. The first seeks to increase the capacity of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) to innovate, and the second aims to increase backward linkages between Costa Rican SMEs and multinational companies operating in the country. The impacts of each program were measured in terms of three result variables: real average wages, employment demand, and the probability of exporting. A combination of fixed effects and propensity score matching techniques was used in estimations to correct for
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McCarty, Tanner J., Zuyi Wang Wang, Man-Keun Kim, and James Evans. The Economic Contribution of Utah’s Energy and Mining Industries. Utah Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/mp-176.

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Utah’s abundant energy and mineral resources are used to heat homes, drive industry, and keep the lights on. Effectively managing these energy and mineral resources and their associated supply chains requires knowledge of their economic value and how they currently contribute to Utah’s economy. This report calculates the total economic contribution of Utah’s energy and mining industries for 2019 and 2020. Each industry makes substantial contributions to Utah’s gross domestic product, employment, and tax base. Collectively, these industries contributed over 10% to Utah's total Gross Domestic Pr
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Huneeus, Federico, Borja Larrain, Mauricio Larrain, and Mounu Prem. Ownership Networks and Earnings Inequality. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004265.

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We use matched employer-employee data together with data on the ownership networks of Chilean firms to document a novel relationship between inequality in labor income and ownership structures. Exploiting transitions of firms in and out of networks, we show that network affiliation is associated with higher inequality along two dimensions. First, network firms pay higher average wages than stand-alone firms, increasing between-firm inequality. Second, the dispersion of wages within a network firm is higher than within a stand-alone firm, increasing within-firm inequality. The effects are drive
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Bellony, Annelle, Hugo R. Ñopo, and Alejandro Hoyos. Gender Earnings Gaps in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados and Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010994.

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This paper analyzes gender earnings gaps in Barbados and Jamaica, using amatching comparisons approach. In both countries, as in most of the Caribbean region, females educational achievement is higher than that of males. Nonetheless, males earnings surpass those of their female peers. Depending on the set of control characteristics, males earnings surpass those of females by between 14 and 27 percent of average females wages in Barbados, and between 8 and 17 percent of average females wages in Jamaica. In the former, the highest earnings gaps are found among low-income workers. Results from bo
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