Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ayn Rand'

This study aims to uncover the relationship of the objectivist philosophy of Ayn Rand with architecture. After examining the philosophical bases of Randian objectivism, and how the philosophy is related to architecture via contemporary modernism, especially the modern architectural understanding of Frank Lloyd Wright, the study concentrates on how objectivism interprets architecture. The aim here is to describe what kind of an architectural aspect inspired Rand and how Rand used architecture in order to propagate her philosophy. Objectivist interpretations of architecture simply means how objectivism&rsquo
s basic assumptions perceive and respond to architecture as revealed in Rand&rsquo
s writings. In order to understan the architectural interpretations, the focus of analysis is the objectivist literature by Rand such as fictions, movies and articles. The resultant emphasis of the analysis on the relationship between Rand&rsquo
s objectivism and architecture, is on the tension in architectural relations between the individual and the state, the individual and the society, and the individual and history, which are defined as against settled social and traditional values

Since the late 1950s, Russian-American novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand has been “the ultimate gateway drug to life on the right.” Her philosophy – “Objectivism” – combined militant atheism, libertarian natural rights, and a philosophical commitment to what she called “the virtue of selfishness,” and earned her the admiration of such luminaries as Alan Greenspan: a remarkable achievement for an immigrant woman who learned to speak English in her late 20s. What is less-often observed is that Rand’s work, especially her mature novels The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), bear a close stylistic resemblance to the Soviet Socialist Realist novel. This thesis identifies these similarities and attempts to answer the question of why a heavily Soviet-inflected writer was able to reach such cultural and political prominence in, of all places, America.

Esta dissertação tem como intuito apresentar e explorar a proposta filosófica elaborada por Ayn Rand (1905-1982), denominada de Objetivismo; com ênfase em sua abordagem moral. Sendo o Objetivismo um sistema filosófico, inicialmente será abordada a concepção epistemológica, que indica pressupostos necessários que possibilitam o desenvolvimento de sua filosofia moral. Em seguida, conceitos centrais apresentados pela autora deverão ser devidamente esclarecidos e compreendidos, quais sejam: egoísmo e razão – verificando em que medida estes se desenvolvem no quadro de suas afirmações acerca da moralidade. A partir disso, poderá ser aprofundado o trabalho, no que envolve a crítica ao altruísmo, a valorização do indivíduo, bem como a necessidade de uma reformulação dos valores vigentes entre os homens, através da criação de um novo código de valores moral. Serão apresentados os principais conceitos fundantes de duas vertentes do liberalismo clássico; o jusnaturalismo de John Locke e o convencionalismo de David Hume, o que tornará possível tanto uma melhor compreensão da relação do Objetivismo com a tradição liberal quanto uma apreciação crítica das propostas de Ayn Rand. Posteriormente, será realizada uma análise do que foi exposto sobre a teoria objetivista, destacando não só sua relevância como também a possibilidade de defesa acerca do que foi indicado. A intenção é lançar um olhar mais crítico sobre a proposta de Rand, tendo como objetivo considerar as consequentes possibilidades e limites; compreendendo se a moral objetivista oferece um pensamento rigoroso, digno de reflexão, e observando em que medida o estudo pode seguir adiante ou quais falhas deveriam ser reparadas. Por fim, o que se pretende é verificar como ocorreria – e se é plausível – uma nova concepção acerca dos valores morais e no que isso acarreta, principalmente, ao final, numa determinação de um sentido novo para a vida humana na perspectiva de Rand.
This dissertation intends to present and to explore the philosophical proposal elaborated by Ayn Rand (1905-1982), denominated Objectivism; with an emphasis on its moral approach. Being Objectivism a philosophical system, initially its epistemological conception will be approached, which will indicate necessary presuppositions that allow the development of its moral philosophy. Then, central concepts presented by the author should be properly clarified and understood, namely: egoism and reason – checking to what extent they develop in the frame of her statements about morality. From this on, the work can be deepened, in what concerns the critique of altruism, the valuation of the individual, as well as the need for a reformulation of the values existing among men, through the creation of a new code of moral values. The main foundational concepts of two aspects of classical liberalism will then be presented, John Locke's jusnaturalism and David Hume's, which will make possible both a better understanding of the relation of Objectivism to the liberal tradition and a critical appreciation of Ayn Rand’s proposals. Subsequently, an analysis of what was exposed on the objectivist theory will be carried out, emphasizing not only its relevance but also the possibility of defending what was indicated. The intention is to take a more critical look at Rand's proposal, with the objective of considering its consequent possibilities and limits; to comprehend whether objectivist morality offers rigorous thought worthy of reflection and to observe in what extent study can proceed or which faults should be repaired. Finally, what is intended is to verify how – and if it is plausible – a new conception of moral values would occur and what it entails, especially, at the end, in the determination of a new meaning for human life, in Rand's perspective.

This thesis is my attempt to establish a foundation, based on the philosophy of Objectivism as it was developed and elaborated by the Russian-American novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand, for the construction of an Objectivist aesthetics of cinema. After contextualizing and explicating Rand's philosophy, I make the case that, propaedeutic to the construction of a new aesthetics of cinema, it is incumbent upon film scholars to refute the irrational and immoral philosophical premises that have long been destroying the philosophy of art in general and the discipline of film studies in particular. Due to the troubling combination of its contemporaneity, extremism, and considerable influence, I focus initially on the philosophical school of poststructuralism - which I contend has, since the 1960s, served as the default philosophical foundation for film scholars - before ultimately moving on to refute what I call the Kantian aesthetic tradition, of which I demonstrate poststructuralism is a deadly symptom. Upon clearing away this philosophical debris, I set about arguing for the probative value of an Objectivist aesthetics of cinema by reigniting long-dormant debates about the validity of interpretation and the role of evaluation in film criticism. In so doing, I hope to demonstrate the value of an aesthetic orientation which I term aesthetic perfectionism, for it is my contention that perfectionism - which has recently emerged at the heart of key developments in film studies through the work of Stanley Cavell, which I argue motivated Rand's philosophical enterprise, and which I argue should motivate the philosophical enterprises of all scholars who strive to do justice to all that the cinema has to offer - is the key to unlocking an Aesthetics of Life capable of transforming the discipline of film studies.

The purpose of this study was to examine a thesis stating that the fundamental concepts of Romanticism form the basic components of the Objectivist philosophy demonstrated in the works of Ayn Rand. The study reviewed some of the scholarship on the topic of Romanticism, notably that of Morse Peckham and Henry Remak. Analogies were drawn between European and American Romanticism; the nature of romanticism as a developmental morality in relation to principles established by Lawrence Kohlberg was discussed. This study adopted a definition of Romanticism as a state of mind which begins in the individual and involves an entire society in a moral development that renounces the static, embraces the dynamic, and holds humanity at its center.Next examined was the Objectivist philosophy of Ayn Rand. A review of that ethic indicated that Objectivism also is a developmental ethic that holds humanism as its primary tenet. The characteristics of diversity, the creative imagination, growth and change, pride/self-worth/self-knowledge/love, leadership of the mind, and autonomy were found evident in both Objectivism and Romanticism, leading into a blending of the systems into an ethic of objective Romanticism. Such an ethic was examined in the context of Ayn Rand's works and found consistent in its appearance as an epistemology consequent to the progression of an individual or a community toward a level of self-actualization as defined by Abraham Maslow.A review of Rand's aesthetic ethic as presented in The Romantic Manifesto provided support for the romantic roots in Rand's writing. Rand's own premises for the evaluation of a romantic work were found evident in her own writings. It was therefore determined that Ayn Rand's works do indeed blend the components of Romanticism and Objectivism into a moral ethic that relies heavily upon the development of the individual state of mind toward a level of self-actualization in which the "I" becomes the axiom of human existence.
Department of English

In this thesis, I examine Ayn Rand's magnum opus 'Atlas Shrugged' and her philosophy of Objectivism, in order to explain how contemporary American young adult critical dystopias are the literary heirs to Rand's Americanist sociopolitical female-driven novels of rebellion in the face of totalitarian governments. Interwoven with my study on Rand, I focus on four trilogies: The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, The Testing by Joelle Charbonneau, Matched by Ally Condie, and Divergent by Veronica Roth. In examining these works through an Objectivist lens, I make an original contribution to the field of literary criticism by addressing the legacy of Rand's political and ethical philosophy in these contemporary YA critical dystopias. I focus on Ayn Rand, her influence on politics and literature, and the similarities between her work, Atlas Shrugged, and these contemporary YA critical dystopias. I argue that Rand created an archetype of the female rebel that we now see emerging in the identified texts, the coming-of-age Randian heroine; i.e., a young female protagonist with an ethical system that is congruous with Objectivism. It is through the use of this archetype, that these contemporary YA critical dystopias promote a political and ethical philosophy that is consistent with Rand's Objectivism. Furthermore, that these works provide young adult readers with a uniquely Objectivist solution to contemporary American social concerns through the actions of their coming-of-age Randian heroines. I conclude by addressing the need for further research into how Rand's work has influenced other areas of literature, philosophy, politics, and society in America and beyond.

Man, his ideals and place in this world is a constant question for all people.How should man act in accordance with others? How should he perceivereality and himself? This essay attempts to answer these questions by lookingat Terre des Hommes (Wind, Sand and Stars) by the author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900-1944) with an Objectivist perspective (the philosophy of AynRand). The essay analyzes the book by applying the four main principles ofObjectivism: reason, reality, rational self-interest and capitalism. It begins bylooking at how both Saint-Exupéry and Rand perceive the machine and laboras rational ways of self-sustainment and discovery. The machine serves as aphysical representation of rationality which furthers productivity and alsoeases labor. Later, the essay analyzes how charity, rational egoism and theirrepresentations in the book correspond with Objectivist philosophy.Afterwards it analyzes how reality and truth are represented with language asits proxy of representation and discovers that both authors perceive reality asan absolute and truth as its recognition. Lastly, the essay analyzes therelationship between war and ideology and Rand's and Saint-Exupéry'sthoughts on the subject. It finds some similarities between the two: they bothfind war distasteful and ultimately destructive. However, a difference wasdiscovered concerning the use of ideology. Saint-Exupéry finds little to nouse of it, whereas Rand sees it at man's main defense against philosophicalfallacies. Therefore, the final conclusion is that Terre des Hommes is notentirely an Objectivist book, but there are objectivist principles presented init.

Uppsatsens undersökande studie ämnar till att skapa en förståelse till varför två till synes diametralt motsatta politiska perspektiv kan sammanstråla, via två framträdande opinionsbildare, i sitt uttalade stöd till en och samma presidentkandidat. Analysen utgår ifrån tre olika policyområden för Trumps, 2016, presidentkandidatur, och hur Richard Spencer samt Stefan Molyneux förhåller sig till dessa. Spencer är en av den amerikanska alternativa högerns förgrundsfigurer och Molyneux en politisk opinionsbildare för voluntarism och anarko-kapitalism. De båda stödjer Trumps policyinriktningar fullt ut, stödet motiveras dock olika utifrån respektives teoretiska utgångspunkt, men det finns ändå tydliga föreningspunkter som binder dem samman som ger upphov till vad som skulle kunna hänvisas som anarko-fascism.

In this article, I investigate the video game BioShock for its political and cultural work and argue that it offers a popular platform to discuss the politically charged question of choice, both inside and outside the realm of video games. In a first section, I introduce the game’s basic plot and setting, propose a way to study how video games operate narratively, and briefly discuss the ‘political’ dimension of games in general. Afterwards, I look at how BioShock is influenced by Ayn Rand’s philosophy of objectivism, a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual choice and self-interest, and I trace this influence specifically in the game’s main antagonist, Andrew Ryan, and its setting, the underwater city of Rapture. With these elements as a basis, I analyze how BioShock engages with the politics of choice, focusing on a major twist scene in the game to demonstrate how BioShock deals with the question of choice on a metatextual level. Reading this scene in the context of the game’s overall narrative, specifically of moral choices in the game that lead to different endings, I argue that the game metatextually connects the political question of choice inherent in objectivism to the narrative and the playing of the game, pointing to the ambivalences inherent in questions of choice, agency, and free will.

In this article, I investigate the video game BioShock for its political and cultural work and argue that it offers a popular platform to discuss the politically charged question of choice, both inside and outside the realm of video games. In a first section, I introduce the game’s basic plot and setting, propose a way to study how video games operate narratively, and briefly discuss the ‘political’ dimension of games in general. Afterwards, I look at how BioShock is influenced by Ayn Rand’s philosophy of objectivism, a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual choice and self-interest, and I trace this influence specifically in the game’s main antagonist, Andrew Ryan, and its setting, the underwater city of Rapture. With these elements as a basis, I analyze how BioShock engages with the politics of choice, focusing on a major twist scene in the game to demonstrate how BioShock deals with the question of choice on a metatextual level. Reading this scene in the context of the game’s overall narrative, specifically of moral choices in the game that lead to different endings, I argue that the game metatextually connects the political question of choice inherent in objectivism to the narrative and the playing of the game, pointing to the ambivalences inherent in questions of choice, agency, and free will.

L’avènement des théories et des politiques publiques dites néolibérales marque à première vue le déclin de la notion de souveraineté, à la fois comme principe légitimant et comme motif mobilisateur. Les thèses néolibérales, dans leur diversité, se sont construites comme des contre-points à la souveraineté. Contre la puissance absolue de commander du monarque, les régimes libéraux ne doivent leur vertu qu’à la croissance des libertés individuelles ; contre la souveraineté populaire, la démocratie ne trouve son effectivité que dans des techniques de gouvernement. Cette opposition théorique paraît d’autant plus ferme que les évolutions géopolitiques d’après-guerre portent massivement atteinte aux attributs classiques de la puissance souveraine. La mondialisation de l’économie bouleverse le découpage territorial de l’espace en faisant commercer des régions plus que des États souverains. La globalisation des échanges fait émerger des instances économiques privées dont la puissance rivalise avec les États institués. L’avènement d’internet complexifie les transactions rendant vaine toute prétention à maîtriser la vie publique. Enfin, le développement du droit international et l’aventure communautaire européenne portent atteinte à la puissance législative et décisionnaire des gouvernements représentatifs. Cependant, contre le récit annonçant le retrait de l’idée de souveraineté, contre l’idée d’une incompatibilité de la souveraineté et du néolibéralisme, cette thèse cherche à se rendre attentive aux traitements qui sont réservés à la notion de puissance souveraine, aussi bien dans les œuvres théoriques que dans les politiques publiques européennes contemporaines
The advent of so-called neoliberal theories and public policies seems to mean the decline of the notion of sovereignty, both as a legitimizing principle and as a mobilizing motive. Neoliberal theses, in their diversity, have been constructed as counterpoints to sovereignty. Against the absolute power of command of the monarch, liberal regimes owe their virtue only to the growth of individual liberties; against popular sovereignty, democracy finds its effectiveness only in the techniques of government. This theoretical opposition seems even stronger because the post-war geopolitical developments massively undermine the classic attributes of sovereign power. The globalization of the economy disrupts the territorial division of space. The globalization of trade brings out private economic powers which compete with the instituted States. The invention of the Internet makes transactions more complex, which prevent any possibility of controlling public life. Finally, the development of international law and the European community adventure undermine the power of representative governments. However, against the narrative announcing the withdrawal of the idea of sovereignty, against the idea of an incompatibility of sovereignty and neoliberalism, this thesis seeks to pay attention to the treatments that are reserved for the notion of sovereign power, in theoretical works as well as in contemporary European public policies

Se aplica la técnica del ADN polimorfico Amplificado al Azar (RAPD) se aplica al estudio molecular de Lama pacos (alpaca), esta metodología se propone debido a que las técnicas de microsatélites y ADN mitocondrial, que actualmente se utilizan, no tienen un uso práctico cuando se trata de analizar gran cantidad de muestras. Para la estandarización del RAPD se utilizo ADN genómico a partir de sangre total y cebadores de 10 nucleotidos siguiendo los protocolos estandarizados modificando básicamente la concentración de MgCl2 a 2.5 mM permitiendo aumentar la intensidad de las bandas y una mejor visualización. Se prosiguió con la identificación de cebadores informativos, de 23 cebadores fueron seleccionados 7 (OPF-05, OPI-04, OPB-03, OPI-18, OPB-11, OPA-18 y OPI-14) por generar numerosas bandas por muestras analizadas. Estos cebadores permitieron obtener perfiles diferentes entre alpacas híbridas y puras; en la muestra poblacional estudiadas no se encontraron alpacas que tuvieran un perfil de bandas similares a los presentados por los animales puros, esto explicaría el grado de hibridación que existe debido a un inadecuado cuidado en el cruce, esto trae como consecuencia, por ejemplo, una baja calidad en la producción de fibra por las alpacas y llamas híbridas disminuyendo el ingreso económico para las familias campesinas. En 8 alpacas los cebadores OPB-03 y OPA-18 mostraron bandas polimorficas de 650 pb y 1000 pb respectivamente, este polimorfismo nos podría indicar alguna mutación o variabilidad intraespecífica, ya que estos animales no presentan diferencias fenotípicas evidentes.
-- The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is applied on the molecular study of Lama pacos (Alpaca), this methodology is proposed because the microsatellites and DNA mitochondrial techniques, which are used commonly, don't have a practical utility when is necessary to analyze great quantity of samples. Genomic DNA obtained from total blood and primers of 10 nucleotides were used to standardize the RAPD technique following the standardized protocols, and concentration of MgCl2 was modified at 2.5 mM which allowed an increase at the intensity and a better visualization of the bands. After the standardization, the identification of informative primers was realized, beginning with 23 primers, selecting only 7 (OPF 05, OPI 04, OPB 03, OPI 18, OPB 11, OPA 18 and OPI 14), because the presence of several bands for the analyzed samples. These primers let obtain different profiles between hybrid and pure alapacas; in the sample were not found alpacas with a similar bands profiles to those presented by the pure animals, this would explain the hybridization grade that exists due to an inadequate care in the crossing, this results in, for example a low quality in the fiber production from the hybrid alpacas and llamas, diminishing the economic entrance for the rural families. In 8 alpacas the primers OPB-03 and OPA-18 showed polymorphic bands of 650 pb and 1000 pb respectively, this polymorphism could indicate some mutation or intraespecific variability, since these animals don't present evident phenotypic differences.
Tesis

Introducción. El estudio de hongos depende cada vez más de técnicas moleculares modernas como Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Muchos cultivos microbianos son sometidos directamente a PCR, sin embargo, en levaduras, las técnicas para extracción de ADN son combinadas con procedimientos laboriosos y extensos para romper la pared celular. Recientemente, se ha descrito la técnica FTA ® (Flinders Technology Associated de Whatman), mediante la cual se colecta, transporta, almacena y purifica ADN en forma simultánea. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio comparativo de dos métodos de purificación de ADN genómico de levaduras del género Cándida, y su aplicabilidad para el análisis por la técnica de Random Amplified Polymorphic ADN mediante PCR (RAPD-PCR). Material y Método. Se comparó un método convencional basado en la ruptura de las paredes de levaduras con perlas de vidrio, combinado con extracción fenólica y el método de purificación con cartas FTA ® . Se purificó ADN genómico de 10 cepas de C. albicans, el cual fue posteriormente sometido a la técnica de RAPD-PCR, usando dos partidores diferentes. Para evaluar los resultados se analizó el conjunto de amplicones, el índice de error de amplificación (IEA), el número total de genotipos y la variabilidad genética se representó mediante un dendograma. Resultados. Para todas las cepas analizadas, con el método convencional y el partidor OPBA13 se obtuvo un único genotipo, un IEA = 0 y con el partidor CaBUO1 2 genotipos y un IEA = 0,13. En cambio, con el método FTA, usando el partidor OPBA13 se obtuvo 7 genotipos distintos, con un IEA = 0,55 y con el partidor CaBUO1 las cepas mostraron 12 genotipos y un IEA = 0,9. Conclusiones. Se observó que existen diferencias en el análisis de la variabilidad genética de levaduras del género Candida, determinada por la técnica de RAPDPCR, utilizando ADN genómico obtenido por el método convencional y por la técnica que usa las cartas FTA. Se requieren análisis adicionales para optimizar las condiciones de PCR con los filtros FTA.
Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista

Soumises à un climat tempéré humide, les cultures bretonnes d'artichaut sont particulièrement sujettes à la graisse de l'artichaut. Cette maladie est due à une bactérie phytopathogène appartenant au genre Xanthomonas, et se caractérise par des taches huileuses sur les bractées du capitule d'artichaut. Décrite une seule fois dans la littérature scientifique, cette bactérie était donc très peu connue au début de cette thèse. Des hybridations adn-adn entre des isolats bactériens responsables de la graisse de l'artichaut et les souches type, ou pathotypes, des 20 espèces de Xanthomonas actuellement décrites, ont révélé que la bactérie responsable de cette maladie constitue une 21eme espèce au sein du genre Xanthomonas, que nous avons dénommée x. Cynarae. Les propriétés métaboliques (obtenues avec le système biolog) de X. Cynarae permettent de la distinguer des 20 autres espèces de Xanthomonas, hormis X. Axonopodis. L’étude de la diversité génétique de X. Cynarae, par RAPD et par ribotypage, a montré que cette espèce constitue une entité génétique homogène, au sein de laquelle nous avons pu toutefois distinguer 2 groupes génétiques. En effet, un polymorphisme génétique a pu être mis en évidence par RAPD au sein des 37 souches de X. Cynarae étudiées. Le groupe génétique majoritaire comportait 32 souches isolées récemment en Bretagne et en pays de Loire, et 2 souches isolées en Bretagne en 1957 (légèrement différentes des premières). Le second groupe, actuellement présent en Bretagne, ne comprenait que 3 souches. Ce dernier pourrait provenir de la culture de plants d'artichaut venant d'Italie ou du sud de la France (respectivement introduits en Bretagne en 1964 et en 1993). Afin de faciliter la détection de X. Cynorexie, nous avons converti 3 marqueurs RAPD spécifiques de la bactérie en marqueurs scars (marqueurs PCR). Selon le couple d'amorces PCR utilisé, nous avons pu atteindre des seuils de détection compris entre 8. 10 4 et 8. 10 6 cfu/ml dans l'échantillon analyse.

This report deals with the managing of the waste of a company, Ericsson- site of Borås, in an analytical context. Based on sustainability (concept and aspects), they are interested to have a method to check their waste management capability whether they are in right direction. Among all studied methods, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is utilized. This method works based on a mathematical algorithm starting by making a hierarchy, continuing with pairwise comparisons between correspondent items, then doing calculations and finally checking and reviewing to be certain of the correctness of the whole process by an eligible team of decision makers. In spite of some critiques that scientifically are accepted, it remains reliable for the purpose.The method is applied to some instances of waste items, wood boxes and pallets and hard plastics, in Ericsson. Then, two controversial issues of the selected method, consistency and rank reversal, are investigated and discussed on the mentioned waste items. Application of the method for their future use is foreseen thereafter.

[ES] El equilibrio de la homeostasis de proteínas es esencial para asegurar la funcionalidad celular. La expresión de proteínas propensas a plegarse mal induce la formación de agregados tóxicos que alteran el correcto funcionamiento de estos sistemas de control, lo que conduce a un desequilibrio de la homeostasis de proteínas, y por consiguiente a una afectación patológica. Varias enfermedades neurodegenerativas, como la enfermedad de Huntington (EH), Parkinson, Alzheimer, entre otras, tienen en común esta marca patológica molecular. Especialmente, la EH pertenece a un grupo de patologías producidas por proteínas que contienen expansiones de poliQs (varias ataxias espinocerebelosas, la atrofia muscular bulbar y espinal y la atrofia dentatorubro-pálidoluisiana), que hacen que estos péptidos sean propensos a la agregación, y causen los problemas que hemos descrito. A pesar de que estas enfermedades son genéticas, y se conoce su causa molecular, se cree que la presencia de variantes alélicas en otros genes puede exacerbar o ralentizar la agregación de proteínas con poliQs. Por tanto, la identificación de estos genes permitirá profundizar en los mecanismos moduladores de la dinámica de agregación de poliQs e identificar dianas terapéuticas frente a la toxicidad de poliQs. También es ampliamente conocido que el ARN que porta tripletes CAG tiene carácter patogénico. En este trabajo hemos desarrollado modelos, empleando C. elegans, que muestran signos indirectos de que están expresando transcritos CAG patogénicos, puesto que los tejidos diana están alterados. Usamos uno de estos modelos, que perturba la función de las neuronas GABAérgicas del gusano, para realizar un cribado de 85 compuestos farmacológicos, que nos llevó a identificar cuatro compuestos que reducían los defectos motores en estos animales. Además de poliQs y transcritos CAG, también se producen péptidos derivados de una traducción no canónica, conocida como traducción RAN. En relación a esto, hemos profundizado en la identificación y modelización de estos péptidos en C. elegans mediante la expresión de expansiones CAG fusionadas a proteínas fluorescentes para su detección in vivo. Además hemos empleado otros modelos ya existentes, para caracterizar potenciales dianas terapéuticas, como AMPK, la cual puede ser activada por diferentes sustancias. Sin embargo, algunas sustancias, como la metformina o el salicilato, son pleiotrópicas. Por tanto, hemos caracterizado la activación sinérgica de AMPK, mediante metformina y salicilato, para reducir el estrés por agregados de poliQs, con lo que podríamos evitar que otras dianas resulten activadas. Por último, hemos demostrado que este tratamiento sinérgico reduce la toxicidad inducida por la α -sinucleína implicada en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Por otro lado, hemos caracterizado en C. elegans un nuevo alelo que potencia la la agregación de poliQs, vlt10, en el gen unc-1. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la mutación unc-1(vlt10) perturba la sinapsis eléctrica entre las neuronas sensoriales IL2 y ASJ, induciendo un exceso de señalización hormonal que requiere la función de la sulfotransferasa SSU-1. También hemos demostrado que la diana de esta señal es un receptor nuclear llamado NHR-1. En este mismo capítulo, hemos identificado otra ruta de señalización hormonal, mediada por otro receptor nuclear (DAF-12), que tiene un papel protector. Se desconoce qué hormona modula la actividad de NHR-1. Sin embargo, hemos identificado que algunos de los genes regulados por NHR-1 están relacionados con el metabolismo lipídico. Además, hemos observado que la disrupción de unc-1 induce la acumulación de lípidos en los gusanos, pero a la vez estos animales contienen menos ácidos grasos totales. Esto sugiere que las grasas juegan un papel fundamental en la modulación de la agregación de poliQs, y quizás señala posibles dianas terapéuticas contra enfermedades causadas
[CA] L'equilibri de l'homeòstasi de proteïnes és essencial per a assegurar la funcionalitat cel·lular. L'expressió de proteïnes propenses a plegar-se malament indueix la formació d'agregats tòxics i altera el correcte funcionament dels sistemes de control, cosa que condueix a un desequilibri de l'homeòstasi de proteïnes, i per consegüent a una afectació patològica. Diverses malalties neurodegeneratives, com la malaltia de Huntington (MH), Parkinson i Alzheimer, entre altres, tenen en comú aquesta signatura patològica. Especialment, la MH pertany a un grup de patologies produïdes per proteïnes que contenen expansions de poliQs (s'inclouen diverses atàxies espinocerebel·loses 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 i 17, l'atròfia muscular bulbar i espinal, i l'atròfia dentatorúbrica-pàl·lidaluisiana), que fan que aquests pèptids siguen propensos a l'agregació, i causen els problemes que hem descrit. Malgrat que aquestes malalties són genètiques i es coneix la seva causa molecular, es creu que la presència de variants al·lèliques en gens pot incrementar o alentir l'agregació de proteïnes amb poliQs. Per tant, la identificació de gens modificadors permet aprofundir en els mecanismes moduladors de la dinàmica d'agregació de poliQs ens permet trobar dianes terapèutiques enfront de la toxicitat de poliQs. També és àmpliament conegut que l'ARN que contenen expansions CAG té caràcter patogènic. Per tant, hem desenvolupat models, utilitzant C. elegans, en els quals es mostren signes indirectes que expressen transcrits patogènics, ja que els teixits diana revelen una funcionalitat alterada. Utilitzant aquests models, que alteren la funció de les neurones GABAèrgiques del cuc, hem realitzat un cribratge de 85 compostos farmacològics, que ens va portar a identificar quatre compostos que reduïen els defectes motors en aquests animals. A més de poliQs i l'ARN que conté expansions de CAG, es produeixen pèptids derivats d'una traducció no canònica, coneguda com a traducció RAN. En relació amb això, hem aprofundit en la identificació i modelització d'aquests pèptids en C. elegans mitjançant l'expressió d'expansions CAG fusionades a proteïnes fluorescents per a la seva detecció in vivo. A més hem emprat models ja generats, per a caracteritzar potencials dianes terapèutiques, com AMPK puga ser activat per diversos fàrmacs. No obstant això, alguns activadors, com la metformina o el salicilat, són substàncies pleiotròpiques. Per tant, hem caracteritzat l'activació sinèrgic de AMPK, mitjançant metformina i salicilat, per a reduir l'estrés induït per agregats de poliQs i s'evita l'activació de dianes no desitjades. I finalment, hem demostrat que aquest tractament sinèrgic podria ser utilitzat per a reduir proteïnes tòxiques com la α-sinucleína, causant de la malaltia de Parkinson. D'altra banda, hem caracteritzat un nou modulador de l'agregació de poliQs, vlt10, en el gen unc-1, que produeix un augment d'agregació de poliQs. Els nostres resultats suggereixen que la mutació unc-1(vlt10) pertorba la sinapsi elèctrica entre les neurones sensorials IL2 i ASJ, induint un excés de senyalització hormonal que requereix la funció de la sulfotransferasa SSU-1. També hem demostrat que la diana d'aquest senyal és un receptor nuclear anomenat NHR-1. En el mateix capítol, hem identificat una altra ruta de senyalització hormonal, mitjançada per un altre receptor nuclear (DAF-12), que té un paper protector. Es desconeix l'hormona que modula l'activitat de NHR-1. No obstant això, hem identificat que alguns del genes regulats per NHR-1 estan relacionats amb el metabolisme lipídic. els resultats han sigut confirmats. També hem observat que la disrupció de unc-1 indueix l'acumulació de lípids en els cucs, però simultàniament aquests animals contenen menys àcids grassos totals. Això suggereix que els greixos juguen un paper fonamental en la modulació de l'agregació de poliQs, i potser assenyala
[EN] The balance of protein homeostasis is essential to ensure cellular functionality. The expression of proteins that are prone to misfolding induces the formation of toxic aggregates, which leads to an imbalance in protein homeostasis and pathological consequences. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson, Alzheimer, among others, have this molecular pathological mark in common. HD belongs to a group of pathologies produced by proteins that contain expansions of polyQs (several spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17, bulbar and spinal muscular atrophy and the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy), which make these peptides prone to aggregation, and cause the problems described above. Although these diseases are genetic, and their molecular cause is known, it is believed that the presence of allelic variants in other genes can exacerbate or slow the polyQ aggregation. Therefore, the identification of these genes will allow delving into the modulating mechanisms of the polyQ aggregation dynamics and find therapeutic targets against the polyQ toxicity. In addition, RNA that contains CAG triplets is pathogenic. In this work we have developed models using C. elegans that show indirect signs of pathogenic transcript expression since altered functionality was observed in target tissues. We use a model, which disturbs the function of the worm's GABAergic neurons, to screen for 85 pharmacological compounds, which led us to identify four compounds that reduced motor defects in these animals. In addition to polyQs and CAG transcripts, also are produced peptides derived from a non-canonical translation, known as RAN translation. In this regard, we have delved into the identification and modelling of these peptides in C. elegans through the expression of CAG expansions fused to fluorescent proteins to investigate them in vivo. Furthermore, we have used models previously generated to characterize potential therapeutic targets, such as AMPK. This enzyme can be activated using different compounds. However, some activators, such as metformin or salicylate, are pleiotropic substances. Therefore, in the second chapter of this thesis, we have characterised the synergistic activation of AMPK, using metformin and salicylate, to reduce the stress induced by polyQ aggregates and prevent possible unwanted targets from being activated. Finally, we have shown that this synergistic treatment could be used to reduce α-synuclein toxicity, which is involved in Parkinson disease. On the other hand, we have characterised a new allele that enhances polyQ aggregation, vlt10, in the unc-1 gene. Our results suggest that the unc-1(vlt10) mutation disturbs the electrical synapse between sensory neurons IL2 and ASJ, inducing an excess of hormonal signalling that requires the function of the sulfotransferase SSU-1. We have also shown that the target of this signal is the nuclear receptor NHR-1. In the same chapter, we have identified another hormonal signalling pathway, mediated by another nuclear receptor (DAF-12), which has a protective role. It is unknown which hormone modulates the activity of NHR-1. However, we have identified several genes that regulate lipid metabolism and whose expression could be modulated by NHR-1. In addition, we have observed that the disruption of unc-1 induces the accumulation of lipids in worms, but at the same time these animals contain less total fatty acids. Thus, our results suggest that the metabolism of fats play a key role in modulating polyQs aggregation, highlighting potential therapeutic targets against diseases caused by aggregation-prone proteins.
Gómez Escribano, AP. (2021). Modelos de toxicidad inducidos por microsatélites CAG y caracterización de dianas terapéuticas en C. elegans [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/166783
TESIS

In today’s society there is a discussion regarding students’ level of knowledge and personalisation. The classrooms consist of heterogenic groups of students with different learning needs and levels of knowledge. The purpose of the present study is to find out how the students who participated perceive the teaching of English as an additional language with regards to personalisation, and how they believe differentiation can help develop and deepen their learning.

 

This study has been conducted using a qualitative method with interviews as the core, complemented by observations. The results have been analysed and interpreted hermeneutically.

 

The results show that those students who have a positive attitude to English education, irrespective of their grade, are those who see the benefit of knowing English outside the classroom, and thereby create a connection between reality and studying English. Those who lack this connection have a negative attitude. Basing teaching in reality renders personalisation viable for the individual within a teaching group. Even when the students give some examples of how the teaching can be adjusted to their needs, most of them believe that the teacher must adjust the teaching to fit the class as a whole and they do not expect any personalisation.

 

I dagens samhällsdebatt om skolan diskuteras elevers kunskapsnivå och möjligheten till individanpassning. Klassrummen är sammansatta av heterogena grupper bestående av elever med olika inlärningsbehov och på olika kunskapsnivåer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur några betygsmässigt hög- och lågpresterande gymnasieelever upplever att engelskundervisningen är individanpassad efter deras behov, samt hur de anser att den ska vara utformad för att de ska kunna utveckla och fördjupa sitt lärande.

 

Undersökningen har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer som det centrala och med observationer som bakgrund. Resultatet har analyserats och tolkats hermeneutiskt.

 

I studien framkom att elever som har en positiv inställning till engelska, oberoende av betyg, är de som ser nyttan utanför klassrummets väggar och därmed verklighetsanknyter engelskundervisningen. De som saknar en koppling till verkligheten har en genomgående negativ inställning. Det är således genom verklighetsanknytningen som individanpassningen möjliggörs. Även om eleverna kommer med förslag på hur undervisningen kan tänkas anpassas till dem, säger flera av dem att läraren måste anpassa undervisningen till klassen som helhet och de förväntar sig ingen individanpassning.

L'objectif de ce travail est de prendre en compte les instationnarités naturelles à grande échelle dans les écoulements décollés et à un coût plus faible que la LES, tout en s'intéressant à la modélisation des effets de paroi par des modèles statistiques au second ordre. S'inspirant des approches de Durbin, le modèle à pondération elliptique EB-RSM reproduit l'effet non-local de blocage, en résolvant une équation différentielle sur le terme de pression. La limite à deux composantes de la turbulence est bien prédite en canal. Ce modèle est appliqué à la marche descendante, dans une approche URANS. Nous avons montré que les erreurs numériques peuvent être suffisantes pour exciter le mode le plus instable de la couche cisaillée, et aboutir à une solution instationnaire. La solution est stationnaire quand on raffine le maillage, rendant l'URANS peu fiable. Récemment, Schiestel \& Dejoan ont proposé le modèle hybride non-zonal PITM. Le coefficient $C_{\e_2}$ de l'équation de la dissipation devient fonction de la coupure dans le spectre, et la valeur $C_{\e_1}=3/2$ est déduite par ces auteurs. Nous avons donné une formulation plus générale où la valeur de $C_{\e_1}$ est quelconque. Pour offrir un formalisme plus cohérent aux modèles hybrides non-zonaux dans les écoulements de paroi, une approche basée sur un filtrage temporel est proposée. Enfin, l'adaptation du modèle EB-RSM dans un cadre hybride a été réalisée. Les résultats en canal sont encourageants : la transition continue d'un modèle RANS en proche paroi à une LES au centre du canal est mise en évidence. Le transfert d'énergie des échelles modélisées vers celles résolues est bien reproduit quand on raffine le maillage.

Exploité depuis toujours, le sel a connu, au temps de la Gabelle notamment, des heures de gloire certaines, faisant de lui un métal blanc précieux, recherché et coûteux. Cependant, de nos jours, il est considéré comme un minéral essentiel, certes, mais aussi dangereux pour la santé si surconsommé. Ainsi, les paludiers d'aujourd’hui doivent mettre en avant le caractère authentique de leur produit et leur savoir-faire ancestral, symboles de qualité dans l'esprit des contemporains, pour réussir à maintenir leur activité et leur part de marché. L'objectif de cette étude était ainsi de définir des pistes qui garantiraient aux paludiers la protection de leur travail, par exemple dans le cadre d'une démarche d'appellation d'origine contrôlée ou protégée. Pour ce faire, un partenariat avec des sauniers de la Côte Atlantique Française (Ile de Ré, Ile de Noirmoutier, presqu'Ile de Guérande, salines de Saint-Armel) a permis de collecter divers échantillons (eaux des marais, sels). Dans un premier temps, une recherche de microorganismes et une étude sur les traces d'ADNr-16S présent sur les cristaux de sel, ont permis de caractériser une partie du microbiote halophile se développent au niveau des bassins de production du sel de mer, alors que leur teneur en sel peut aller jusqu'à 25 %. Dans un second temps, une recherche de composés volatils a été conduite afin de déterminer si l'environnement pouvait influencer l'empreinte olfactive des eaux des marais et du sel lors de sa formation et / ou de sa récolte. Un protocole d'extraction et d'analyses a été développé et a permis la mise en évidence d'un profil en composés volatils propre à chaque bassin. Parmi les composés volatils détectés, de nombreux norisoprénoïdes, provenant probablement de la dégradation de caroténoïdes produits par les microorganismes halophiles, ont ainsi été identifiés : pour le « bassin » Ile de Ré, 21 composés volatils ont été identifiés dont 8 composés dérivés des caroténoïdes (CDC) ; pour le « bassin » de Noirmoutier, 13 composés dont 7 CDC ; pour le « bassin » de Saint-Armel, 54 composés dont 25 CDC ; pour le « bassin » Guérandais, 19 composés dont 10 CDC.D'une façon générale, les résultats obtenus aussi bien d'un point de vue microbiologique que chimique, ont révélé une forte corrélation entre les marais salants et le sel qu'ils produisent : les microorganismes spécifiques d'un environnement laissent des empreintes sur les eaux et le sel, ce qui permettrait notamment aux paludiers de caractériser leur produit en vue d'une protection basée sur de véritables marqueurs propres à chaque marais (pour des origines distantes de quelques kilomètres, des différences sont déjà notables entre salines tant au niveau « odeur » qu'au niveau microbiote)
Salt has always been exploited in living memory. It has known its heyday at several occasions throughout history, particularly during the period of the French Gabelle, and therefore came to be seen as a precious white metal both sought after and expensive. Yet, nowadays, although it has been considered as an essential mineral, it has also turned up to be unhealthy when taken in excessive amounts. Consequently, salt workers of our day and age have to highlight the genuine nature of their product as well as their ancestral skills, for they both stand out as tokens of quality for our contemporaries. Meeting the expectations of the consumer is the only way for them to keep up with their work and maintain their share on the market. Thus, this study aimed to define ways for salt workers to have their work preserved, for instance throughout a Protected Designation of Origin. Therefore, a partnership with Atlantic French salt workers (from Ré Island, Noirmoutier, Guérande and Saint-Armel) has been established, allowing us to collect samples of salt marsh water and salts.First, an overview of microorganism population and 16S-rDNA in each water or salt sample permitted to define what kinds of microorganism populations were to be found in salt marshes. Secondly, a search for volatile components was led so as to determine whether the environment might affect the olfactory footprint of salt marshes and of salt itself during its formation and its harvest. A process of extraction and analysis has been developed, shedding light on a link between the origin and the olfactory footprint of salt. As an example, the halophilous microorganisms which are extremely rich in carotenoid (hence the red-orange colour of some marshes) are partly responsible for the presence of norisoprenoids in the volatile components which have been identified: 21 compounds were identified in Ré Island (including 8 norisoprenoids), 13 in Noirmoutier (including 7 norisoprenoids), 54 in Saint-Armel (including 25 norisoprenoids),19 in Guérande (including 10 norisoprenoids).For each area, DNA traces and volatile profiles were identified. Therefore, a strong link can be established between salt marshes and the salt they produce. It appears that the differences between salt flats regarding either their smell or their microbiota is always noteworthy, even when marshes are only a few miles apart. Thus, the specific pool of the identified microorganisms which leave prints on the salt would allow saltworkers to define their product so as to ensure a form of protection based on specific markers which are proper to each marsh

The purpose ofthis study was to examine the historical and social factors that influenced American intellectual life in the 1950s, and to apply these broader, cultural influences to case studies on two American writers working in the 1950s: J. D. Salinger and Ayn Rand. Research involved diverse readings in biography and literary criticism concerning the two authors as well as interpretation ofthe authors' works themselves.Despite having opposing philosophical, aesthetic, and intellectual ideals, J. D. Salinger and Ayn Rand typify the position ofthe intellectual in the 1950s because they share the conflicting needs ofacceptance and superiority. While the two authors define intelligence in radically different ways, both attempt to escape the existential crisis of post-war life by offering solutions to the intellectuals' unique dilemma that emphasize intellectuals' roles as artists and economic producers.

In the Colonies is a work of fiction. It tells the story of a young German harpist, C––, who is seduced into a life of luxury by a venal American, Sansone. She is invited to spend a year at his artists’ colony, where she works on composing a transcendent work of music and, in the process, realizes that she has lost sight of the material realities around her. Ultimately, she comes to realize that her single-minded pursuit of an ideal Beauty has driven her away from the very ideals she aspired to in the first place.

M.A.
Migration is a phenomenon that cannot universally be ignored. Mass migration, or the mass displacement of people, is increasingly drawing public attention, not simply for humanitarian reasons, but because any large scale influx by foreigners tends to create domestic and interstate tensions. Migration has shown that it holds profound economic, socio-cultural and political ramifications for every state and town in the region. The researcher has become intensively aware of the problems that residents in West Rand are faced with and that internal migration has far-reaching effects on the social functioning of these residents. It has also become evident that a deficiency exists within the social work profession with regard to services rendered to the people influenced by internal migration. The main objective of this exploratory-descriptive study was to determine the following: • What effect internal migration has on the social functioning of the residents of Kagiso, Mohlakeng, Bekkersdal and Khutsong. • In what manner could the above problem be addressed.

M.Sc.
This study concentrates, not only on the physical origin of the pans, but also attempts to define certain guidelines which will contribute to an improved urban environment in the future. The series of pans on the East Rand form part of the greater Highveld pans, which extends in an easterly direction to eventually link up with the Lake Chrissie pan series. The study is however limited to those pans appearing on the 1: 50 000 topographical map 2628 AB Benoni ...

M.Com. (Communications)
The purpose of this study was to place public relations officer in perspective internal and external social responsibility. the role of the with regard to make this possible, an in-depth qualitative study was undertaken, which was primarily based on a literature study. The concept of social responsibility was defined by situating the essence and extent of social responsibility within the theory of public relations. The' discussion of social responsibility was done within the perspective of the social system, and a system theoretical 'orientation -to social responsibility and public relations was explored. A clear distinction was drawn between internal and external social responsibility. The situation of social responsibility within the public relations domain was investigated by means of a critical analysis. This showed that the role of the public relations officer will have to change to accommodate new demands, and that a new corporative communications image of social responsibility has become necessary. The identification of specific problems in South Africa was discussed, and the development of a socially responsible policy based on these problems, received attention. Attention was given to the to facilitate the public social responsibility role of corporate communication relations officer in executing In conclusion, a qualitative research was conducted to analyse the attitude of a group of industrialists on the East Rand with regard to social responsibility. This was followed by a discussion of the results and conclusions of the study, and recommendations based on the findings of the research.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.
Title from screen (viewed on May 23, 2007) Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-110)

Solving the Navier-Stokes equations using direct numerical simulation (DNS) is computationally impractical, especially at high Reynolds numbers. Recent technological advances in supercomputing have paved the way for Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to circumvent this problem by resolving large scale turbulence motions and modeling only the small (subgrid) scales. However, LES modeling still requires advanced knowledge of the turbulence and LES models are currently very simplistic. Because of this, there has been considerable interest in hybrid turbulence models, which can perform either Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling or Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The self-adapting model presented is fundamentally different from prior LES models and these current hybrid models in that it achieves a completely natural evolution from RANS to LES to (with enough mesh resolution) DNS. A modified k/e model and a Reynolds stress transport model is implemented in this manner and is compared to DNS data of isotropic decaying turbulence. The results indicate that this modeling approach is practical and efficient. In addition, this approach is extensible and not restricted to a particular (RANS) transport equation.

Though the trinitarian iconography is fairly easy to understand, it remains with many of the 4th and 5th century works it is unclear and difficult to explain. In the literature of the last century, we often encounter ideas that have been absorbed in older works and subsequently only mechanically repeated in subsequent works. Such a way of interpreting can lead to controversial iconographic analyzes in order to focus in a trinitarian way and to attempt in a tricky way to explain the iconography of "non-trivial" artefacts. This diploma thesis attempts to open a difficult question of the origin, development and interaction of individual types of symbols representing the Trinity. The aim of this work is to mark the effort of a complex view, which will try, especially with similar motives and symbols, to lead to a more precise interpretation and classification within the framework of trinitarian iconography. The main aim of this diploma thesis is the effort of theological, artistic, historical and philosophical grasp of the issue of the image of God in the first millennium of the Christian faith. Due to the vastness and considerable lack of clarity of this topic, the work is conceived with a focus on the first millennium of Christianity. Many examples of depictions and symbolic references to the Triune...

The research problem of the thesis undertakes psychological aspects of carrying an infant on a mother's body using a sling or carrier. The research question states: What are the motives of mothers to carry their infant in carrying aid, according to opinions of mothers who carry their babies? The theoretical part discusses psychological findings about an early mother-child relationship in terms of contact and emerging bonds (attachment) from a prenatal period, through perinatal period, and up to one year of an infant's age. More attention has been paid to biological, behavioural, anthropological, and especially psychological assumptions for carrying an infant by its mother. A qualitative research method has been chosen for the emphirical part of the thesis. The data has been obtained by means of semi-structured interview conducted with nineteen respondents that have had experiences with carrying an infant. The respondents have been selected by an improbability selection method. The recorded interviews have been transcribed verbatim and analysed using a grounded theory. Among the most common motives for carrying a child include pleasurable feelings and experiences of mothers; especially feelings of naturalness, tranquillity, security, and freedom. Furthermore, the mothers appreciate the practicality...

The thesis is focused on the comparison of the early childhood education of children with intellectual disabilities in the Czech Republic and the USA. In the introductory chapters, there is discussed an early education, the problem of children with intellectual disabilities and the family of a disabled child. The comparison is preceded by an analysis of early childhood education systems for children with disabilities in both countries. An analysis of early childhood education in the United States has revealed facts that have a significant impact on the choice of areas of comparison (a significant part of education regulation is under regulations of individual states), but also on the achievement of the goal of the thesis (children with intellectual disabilities are, in most cases, included in the category "developmental delay" together with children with a different types of disabilities, and therefore the comparison only by the category "intellectual disability" would not have a meaningful value). For this reason, the subject of comparison is extended to the early childhood education of children with disabilities. The thesis compares the following areas related to early intervention: parental awareness, capacity and financial accessibility, service continuity, coordination, family role and historical...

This master thesis is devoted to Jana Stroblova, the Czech poet, novelist and translator from Russian language. The thesis is aimed at several goals: 1) to summarize and unite the known facts about life of this author and try to capture her personality, 2) to describe the relationship of Jana Stroblova to the Russian poet Marina Tsvetaeva, as the vast part of Stroblova's translations is dedicated to her, 3) to establish the similarities between the personalities of Stroblova and Tsvetaeva as well as to find the parallels in their poems, and, afterwards, to clarify the reasons that led Stroblova to decision to translate Tsvetaeva, 4) to summarize the reflections of Stroblova's translations while emphasizing the translations of Tsvetaeva's work and to use these reflections to define Stroblova's translation methodology, 5) to confront the findings of the thesis with opinions of Jana Stroblova during an interview with her. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)