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1

Zhang, Mingyue, Yanan Zhou, Xinyuan Cui, and Lifeng Zhu. "The Potential of Co-Evolution and Interactions of Gut Bacteria–Phages in Bamboo-Eating Pandas: Insights from Dietary Preference-Based Metagenomic Analysis." Microorganisms 12, no. 4 (2024): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040713.

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Bacteria and phages are two of the most abundant biological entities in the gut microbiome, and diet and host phylogeny are two of the most critical factors influencing the gut microbiome. A stable gut bacterial community plays a pivotal role in the host’s physiological development and immune health. A phage is a virus that directly infects bacteria, and phages’ close associations and interactions with bacteria are essential for maintaining the stability of the gut bacterial community and the entire microbial ecosystem. Here, we utilized 99 published metagenomic datasets from 38 mammalian spec
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2

Stone, Edel, Katrina Campbell, Irene Grant, and Olivia McAuliffe. "Understanding and Exploiting Phage–Host Interactions." Viruses 11, no. 6 (2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060567.

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Initially described a century ago by William Twort and Felix d’Herelle, bacteriophages are bacterial viruses found ubiquitously in nature, located wherever their host cells are present. Translated literally, bacteriophage (phage) means ‘bacteria eater’. Phages interact and infect specific bacteria while not affecting other bacteria or cell lines of other organisms. Due to the specificity of these phage–host interactions, the relationship between phages and their host cells has been the topic of much research. The advances in phage biology research have led to the exploitation of these phage–ho
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Koskella, Britt, and Tiffany B. Taylor. "Multifaceted Impacts of Bacteriophages in the Plant Microbiome." Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no. 1 (2018): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045858.

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Plant-associated bacteria face multiple selection pressures within their environments and have evolved countless adaptations that both depend on and shape bacterial phenotype and their interaction with plant hosts. Explaining bacterial adaptation and evolution therefore requires considering each of these forces independently as well as their interactions. In this review, we examine how bacteriophage viruses (phages) can alter the ecology and evolution of plant-associated bacterial populations and communities. This includes influencing a bacterial population's response to both abiotic and bioti
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Dicks, Leon M. T., and Wian Vermeulen. "Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages." Viruses 16, no. 3 (2024): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16030478.

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Healthcare faces a major problem with the increased emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to over-prescribing antibiotics. Bacteriophages may provide a solution to the treatment of bacterial infections given their specificity. Enzymes such as endolysins, exolysins, endopeptidases, endosialidases, and depolymerases produced by phages interact with bacterial surfaces, cell wall components, and exopolysaccharides, and may even destroy biofilms. Enzymatic cleavage of the host cell envelope components exposes specific receptors required for phage adhesion. Gram-positive bacteria are susceptible
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Loessner, Holger, Insea Schlattmeier, Marie Anders-Maurer, et al. "Kinetic Fingerprinting Links Bacteria-Phage Interactions with Emergent Dynamics: Rapid Depletion of Klebsiella pneumoniae Indicates Phage Synergy." Antibiotics 9, no. 7 (2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070408.

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The specific temporal evolution of bacterial and phage population sizes, in particular bacterial depletion and the emergence of a resistant bacterial population, can be seen as a kinetic fingerprint that depends on the manifold interactions of the specific phage–host pair during the course of infection. We have elaborated such a kinetic fingerprint for a human urinary tract Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate and its phage vB_KpnP_Lessing by a modeling approach based on data from in vitro co-culture. We found a faster depletion of the initially sensitive bacterial population than expected from simpl
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Karlsson, Fredrik, Carl A. K. Borrebaeck, Nina Nilsson, and Ann-Christin Malmborg-Hager. "The Mechanism of Bacterial Infection by Filamentous Phages Involves Molecular Interactions between TolA and Phage Protein 3 Domains." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 8 (2003): 2628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.8.2628-2634.2003.

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ABSTRACT The early events in filamentous bacteriophage infection of gram-negative bacteria are mediated by the gene 3 protein (g3p) of the virus. This protein has a sophisticated domain organization consisting of two N-terminal domains and one C-terminal domain, separated by flexible linkers. The molecular interactions between these domains and the known bacterial coreceptor protein (TolA) were studied using a biosensor technique, and we report here on interactions of the viral coat protein with TolA, as well as on interactions between the TolA molecules. We detected an interaction between the
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7

Mohammed, Manal, and Beata Orzechowska. "Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in Salmonellaenterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040865.

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The surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest in bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics and natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, bacteria and phages are continually under the pressure of the evolutionary phage–host arms race for survival, which is mediated by co-evolving resistance mechanisms. In Anderson phage typing scheme of Salmonella Typhimurium, the epidemiologically related definitive phage types, DT104 and DT104b, display significantly different phage susceptibility profiles. This study aimed to char
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8

Segundo-Arizmendi, Nallelyt, Dafne Arellano-Maciel, Abraham Rivera-Ramírez, Adán Manuel Piña-González, Gamaliel López-Leal, and Efren Hernández-Baltazar. "Bacteriophages: A Challenge for Antimicrobial Therapy." Microorganisms 13, no. 1 (2025): 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010100.

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Phage therapy, which involves the use of bacteriophages (phages) to combat bacterial infections, is emerging as a promising approach to address the escalating threat posed by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This brief review examines the historical background and recent advancements in phage research, focusing on their genomics, interactions with host bacteria, and progress in medical and biotechnological applications. Additionally, we expose key aspects of the mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses of phage considerations in treating MDR bacterial infections are discussed, particularl
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9

Beckett, Stephen J., and Hywel T. P. Williams. "Coevolutionary diversification creates nested-modular structure in phage–bacteria interaction networks." Interface Focus 3, no. 6 (2013): 20130033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2013.0033.

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Phage and their bacterial hosts are the most diverse and abundant biological entities in the oceans, where their interactions have a major impact on marine ecology and ecosystem function. The structure of interaction networks for natural phage–bacteria communities offers insight into their coevolutionary origin. At small phylogenetic scales, observed communities typically show a nested structure, in which both hosts and phages can be ranked by their range of resistance and infectivity, respectively. A qualitatively different multi-scale structure is seen at larger phylogenetic scales; a natura
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Jdeed, Ghadeer, Bogdana Kravchuk, and Nina V. Tikunova. "Factors Affecting Phage–Bacteria Coevolution Dynamics." Viruses 17, no. 2 (2025): 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020235.

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Bacteriophages (phages) have coevolved with their bacterial hosts for billions of years. With the rise of antibiotic resistance, the significance of using phages in therapy is increasing. Investigating the dynamics of phage evolution can provide valuable insights for pre-adapting phages to more challenging clones of their hosts that may arise during treatment. Two primary models describe interactions in phage–bacteria systems: arms race dynamics and fluctuating selection dynamics. Numerous factors influence which dynamics dominate the interactions between a phage and its host. These dynamics,
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11

Esteves, Nathaniel C., Danielle N. Bigham, and Birgit E. Scharf. "Phages on filaments: A genetic screen elucidates the complex interactions between Salmonella enterica flagellin and bacteriophage Chi." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 8 (2023): e1011537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011537.

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The bacterial flagellum is a rotary motor organelle and important virulence factor that propels motile pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, through their surroundings. Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that solely infect bacteria. As such, phages have myriad applications in the healthcare field, including phage therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Bacteriophage χ (Chi) is a flagellum-dependent (flagellotropic) bacteriophage, which begins its infection cycle by attaching its long tail fiber to the S. enterica flagellar filament as its primary receptor. The
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12

Schiettekatte, Olivier, Elsa Beurrier, Luisa De Sordi, and Anne Chevallereau. "“French Phage Network” Annual Conference—Seventh Meeting Report." Viruses 15, no. 2 (2023): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020495.

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The French Phage Network (Phages.fr) has continuously grown since its foundation, eight years ago. The annual conference, held at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, attracted 164 participants from the 11th to the 13th of October 2022. Researchers from academic laboratories, hospitals and private companies shared their ongoing projects and breakthroughs in the very institute where Felix d’Hérelle developed phage therapy over a century ago. The conference was divided into four thematic sessions, each opened by a keynote lecture: “Interaction between phages, mobile genetic elements and bacterial immu
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13

Koonjan, Shazeeda, Carlos Cardoso Palacios, and Anders S. Nilsson. "Population Dynamics of a Two Phages–One Host Infection System Using Escherichia coli Strain ECOR57 and Phages vB_EcoP_SU10 and vB_EcoD_SU57." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 3 (2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15030268.

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In this study, we looked at the population dynamics of a two phages-one host system using phages vB_EcoP_SU10 (SU10) and vB_EcoD_SU57 (SU57) and the bacteria Escherichia coli, strain ECOR57. Phage-specific growth curves were observed where infections by SU10 resulted in a moderate production of phages and infections by SU57 resulted in a fast and extensive production of phage progeny. Sequentially adding SU10 followed by SU57 did not produce a significant change in growth rates, whereas adding SU57 followed by SU10 resulted in a decrease in SU10 titer The efficiency of the plating assays showe
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14

Zhang, Zheng, Fen Yu, Yuanqiang Zou, et al. "Phage protein receptors have multiple interaction partners and high expressions." Bioinformatics 36, no. 10 (2020): 2975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa123.

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Abstract Motivation Receptors on host cells play a critical role in viral infection. How phages select receptors is still unknown. Results Here, we manually curated a high-quality database named phageReceptor, including 427 pairs of phage–host receptor interactions, 341 unique viral species or sub-species and 69 bacterial species. Sugars and proteins were most widely used by phages as receptors. The receptor usage of phages in Gram-positive bacteria was different from that in Gram-negative bacteria. Most protein receptors were located on the outer membrane. The phage protein receptors (PPRs) w
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Attrill, Erin L., Rory Claydon, Urszula Łapińska, et al. "Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage." PLOS Biology 19, no. 10 (2021): e3001406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001406.

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Bacteriophages represent an avenue to overcome the current antibiotic resistance crisis, but evolution of genetic resistance to phages remains a concern. In vitro, bacteria evolve genetic resistance, preventing phage adsorption or degrading phage DNA. In natural environments, evolved resistance is lower possibly because the spatial heterogeneity within biofilms, microcolonies, or wall populations favours phenotypic survival to lytic phages. However, it is also possible that the persistence of genetically sensitive bacteria is due to less efficient phage amplification in natural environments, t
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Taslem Mourosi, Jarin, Ayobami Awe, Wenzheng Guo, et al. "Understanding Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Interaction with Host Surface Receptor: The Key “Blueprint” for Reprogramming Phage Host Range." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (2022): 12146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012146.

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Bacteriophages (phages), as natural antibacterial agents, are being rediscovered because of the growing threat of multi- and pan-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens globally. However, with an estimated 1031 phages on the planet, finding the right phage to recognize a specific bacterial host is like looking for a needle in a trillion haystacks. The host range of a phage is primarily determined by phage tail fibers (or spikes), which initially mediate reversible and specific recognition and adsorption by susceptible bacteria. Recent significant advances at single-molecule and atomic levels have b
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Aishat, A. F., S. B. Manga, I. O. Obaroh, R. J. Bioku, and B. Abdulkadir. "An Overview on the Application of Bacteriophage Therapy in Combating Antibiotics Resistance: A Review." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 1 (2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.015.

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The practice of phage therapy, which uses bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections, has been around for almost a century. The universal decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics has generated renewed interest in revisiting this practice. Conventionally, phage therapy relies on the use of naturally-occurring phages to infect and lyse bacteria at the site of infection. Biotechnological advances have further expanded the repertoire of potential phage therapeutics to include novel strategies using bioengineered phages and purified phage lytic proteins. Current research on the use
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18

Ritter, Samantha, Elena T. Wright, and Philip Serwer. "Extracellular Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis, ATP and Phage 0105phi7-2: A Potential New Anti-Bacterial Strategy." Viruses 15, no. 12 (2023): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15122409.

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The following hypothesis proposes non-diffusive, environmental bacteriophage (phage) motion. (1) Some phage-hosting, motile bacteria undergo chemotaxis down ATP concentration gradients to escape lysis-inducing conditions, such as phage infection. (2) Some phages respond by non-infective binding to the motile bacteria. (3) When the bacteria reach a lower ATP concentration, which is a condition that signals increased density of phage-susceptible bacteria, the phage converts, Trojan-horse-like, to productive binding and infection. This hypothesis was previously proposed for Bacillus thuringiensis
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Topka-Bielecka, Gracja, Bożena Nejman-Faleńczyk, Sylwia Bloch, et al. "Phage–Bacteria Interactions in Potential Applications of Bacteriophage vB_EfaS-271 against Enterococcus faecalis." Viruses 13, no. 2 (2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020318.

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Phage therapy is one of main alternative option for antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in the era of appearance of pathogenic strains revealing resistance to most or even all known antibiotics. Enterococcus faecalis is one of such pathogens causing serious human infections. In the light of high level of biodiversity of bacteriophages and specificity of phages to bacterial species or even strains, development of effective phage therapy depend, between others, on identification and characterization of a large collection of these viruses, including understanding of their i
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Song, Jiaoyang, Zhengjie Liu, Qing Zhang, Yuqing Liu, and Yibao Chen. "Phage Engineering for Targeted Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032459.

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The lytic bacteriophages have potential application value in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the narrow host spectrum of these phages limits their range of clinical application. Here, we demonstrate the use of scarless Cas9-assisted recombination (no-SCAR) gene-editing technology to regulate phage–host range. We used phage PHB20 as the scaffold to create agents targeting different multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli by replacing its phage tail fiber gene (ORF40). The engineered phages were polyvalent and capable of infecting both the original host bacteria and new targets. Pha
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Van Belleghem, Jonas, Krystyna Dąbrowska, Mario Vaneechoutte, Jeremy Barr, and Paul Bollyky. "Interactions between Bacteriophage, Bacteria, and the Mammalian Immune System." Viruses 11, no. 1 (2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11010010.

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The human body is host to large numbers of bacteriophages (phages)–a diverse group of bacterial viruses that infect bacteria. Phage were previously regarded as bystanders that only impacted immunity indirectly via effects on the mammalian microbiome. However, it has become clear that phages also impact immunity directly, in ways that are typically anti-inflammatory. Phages can modulate innate immunity via phagocytosis and cytokine responses, but also impact adaptive immunity via effects on antibody production and effector polarization. Phages may thereby have profound effects on the outcome of
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Mi, Yanze, Yile He, Jinhui Mi, et al. "Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of Phage-Resistant Mutant Fitness Triggered by Phage–Host Interactions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21 (2023): 15594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115594.

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The emergence of phage-resistant bacterial strains is one of the biggest challenges for phage therapy. However, the emerging phage-resistant bacteria are often accompanied by adaptive trade-offs, which supports a therapeutic strategy called “phage steering”. The key to phage steering is to guide the bacterial population toward an evolutionary direction that is favorable for treatment. Thus, it is important to systematically investigate the impacts of phages targeting different bacterial receptors on the fitness of the bacterial population. Herein, we employed 20 different phages to impose stro
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Gummalla, Vimathi S., Yujie Zhang, Yen-Te Liao, and Vivian C. H. Wu. "The Role of Temperate Phages in Bacterial Pathogenicity." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (2023): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030541.

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Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea and are classified as virulent or temperate phages based on their life cycles. A temperate phage, also known as a lysogenic phage, integrates its genomes into host bacterial chromosomes as a prophage. Previous studies have indicated that temperate phages are beneficial to their susceptible bacterial hosts by introducing additional genes to bacterial chromosomes, creating a mutually beneficial relationship. This article reviewed three primary ways temperate phages contribute to the bacterial pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens, includ
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Marchi, Jacopo, Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Laurent Debarbieux, and Joshua S. Weitz. "Multi-strain phage induced clearance of bacterial infections." PLOS Computational Biology 21, no. 2 (2025): e1012793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012793.

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Bacteriophage (or ‘phage’ – viruses that infect and kill bacteria) are increasingly considered as a therapeutic alternative to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However, bacteria can evolve resistance to phage, presenting a significant challenge to the near- and long-term success of phage therapeutics. Application of mixtures of multiple phages (i.e., ‘cocktails’) has been proposed to limit the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial mutants that could lead to therapeutic failure. Here, we combine theory and computational models of in vivo phage therapy to study the efficacy of a
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Makalatia, Khatuna, Elene Kakabadze, Nata Bakuradze, et al. "Investigation of Salmonella Phage–Bacteria Infection Profiles: Network Structure Reveals a Gradient of Target-Range from Generalist to Specialist Phage Clones in Nested Subsets." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071261.

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Bacteriophages that lyse Salmonella enterica are potential tools to target and control Salmonella infections. Investigating the host range of Salmonella phages is a key to understand their impact on bacterial ecology, coevolution and inform their use in intervention strategies. Virus–host infection networks have been used to characterize the “predator–prey” interactions between phages and bacteria and provide insights into host range and specificity. Here, we characterize the target-range and infection profiles of 13 Salmonella phage clones against a diverse set of 141 Salmonella strains. The
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Guła, Grzegorz, Grazyna Majkowska-Skrobek, Anna Misterkiewicz, Weronika Salwińska, Tomasz Piasecki, and Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa. "Klebsiella Lytic Phages Induce Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Biofilm Formation." Viruses 17, no. 5 (2025): 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050615.

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Bacterial biofilms, characterized by complex structures, molecular communication, adaptability to environmental changes, insensitivity to chemicals, and immune response, pose a big problem both in clinics and in everyday life. The increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics also led to the exploration of lytic bacteriophages as alternatives. Nevertheless, bacteria have co-evolved with phages, developing effective antiviral strategies, notably modification or masking phage receptors as the first line of defense mechanism. This study investigates viral–host interactions between non-host-speci
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Hibstu, Zigale. "Phage Therapy: A Different Approach to Fight Bacterial Infections." Journal of Clinical Case Reports & Studies 4, no. 4 (2023): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8808/168.

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Phage therapy is one of the alternatives to treat infections caused by both antibiotic sensitive and resistant bacteria with no or low toxicity to patients. It was started a century back although rapidly growing bacterial antimicrobial resistance impacting large morbidity, mortality, and financial cost initiated the revival of it. It involves the use of live lytic, bio-engineered, phage-encoded biological products and in combination with chemical antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Importantly, phages will be removed from the body after seven days of clearing infection. They target spec
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Carroll-Portillo, Amanda, and Henry C. Lin. "Exploring Mucin as Adjunct to Phage Therapy." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030509.

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Conventional phage therapy using bacteriophages (phages) for specific targeting of pathogenic bacteria is not always useful as a therapeutic for gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Complex dysbiotic GI disorders such as small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), ulcerative colitis (UC), or Crohn’s disease (CD) are even more difficult to treat as these conditions have shifts in multiple populations of bacteria within the microbiome. Such community-level structural changes in the gut microbiota may require an alternative to conventional phage therapy such as fecal virome transfer or a phage cockta
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Vasse, Marie, and Sébastien Wielgoss. "Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium." Viruses 10, no. 7 (2018): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10070374.

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Bacteriophages have been used as molecular tools in fundamental biology investigations for decades. Beyond this, however, they play a crucial role in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of bacterial communities through their demographic impact and the source of genetic information they represent. The increasing interest in describing ecological and evolutionary aspects of bacteria–phage interactions has led to major insights into their fundamental characteristics, including arms race dynamics and acquired bacterial immunity. Here, we review knowledge on the phages of the myxobacteria with a major fo
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Li, Xiang-Yi, Tim Lachnit, Sebastian Fraune, Thomas C. G. Bosch, Arne Traulsen, and Michael Sieber. "Temperate phages as self-replicating weapons in bacterial competition." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 137 (2017): 20170563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0563.

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Microbial communities are accompanied by a diverse array of viruses. Through infections of abundant microbes, these viruses have the potential to mediate competition within the community, effectively weakening competitive interactions and promoting coexistence. This is of particular relevance for host-associated microbial communities, because the diversity of the microbiota has been linked to host health and functioning. Here, we study the interaction between two key members of the microbiota of the freshwater metazoan Hydra vulgaris . The two commensal bacteria Curvibacter sp. and Duganella s
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Bucher, Michael J., and Daniel M. Czyż. "Phage against the Machine: The SIE-ence of Superinfection Exclusion." Viruses 16, no. 9 (2024): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16091348.

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Prophages can alter their bacterial hosts to prevent other phages from infecting the same cell, a mechanism known as superinfection exclusion (SIE). Such alterations are facilitated by phage interactions with critical bacterial components involved in motility, adhesion, biofilm production, conjugation, antimicrobial resistance, and immune evasion. Therefore, the impact of SIE extends beyond the immediate defense against superinfection, influencing the overall fitness and virulence of the bacteria. Evaluating the interactions between phages and their bacterial targets is critical for leading ph
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Nilsson, Emelie, Oliver W. Bayfield, Daniel Lundin, Alfred A. Antson, and Karin Holmfeldt. "Diversity and Host Interactions among Virulent and Temperate Baltic Sea Flavobacterium Phages." Viruses 12, no. 2 (2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020158.

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Viruses in aquatic environments play a key role in microbial population dynamics and nutrient cycling. In particular, bacteria of the phylum Bacteriodetes are known to participate in recycling algal blooms. Studies of phage–host interactions involving this phylum are hence important to understand the processes shaping bacterial and viral communities in the ocean as well as nutrient cycling. In this study, we isolated and sequenced three strains of flavobacteria—LMO6, LMO9, LMO8—and 38 virulent phages infecting them. These phages represent 15 species, occupying three novel genera. Additionally,
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de Sousa, Jorge A. M., Amandine Buffet, Matthieu Haudiquet, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, and Olaya Rendueles. "Modular prophage interactions driven by capsule serotype select for capsule loss under phage predation." ISME Journal 14, no. 12 (2020): 2980–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0726-z.

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Abstract Klebsiella species are able to colonize a wide range of environments and include worrisome nosocomial pathogens. Here, we sought to determine the abundance and infectivity of prophages of Klebsiella to understand how the interactions between induced prophages and bacteria affect population dynamics and evolution. We identified many prophages in the species, placing these taxa among the top 5% of the most polylysogenic bacteria. We selected 35 representative strains of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex to establish a network of induced phage–bacteria interactions. This revealed
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Abedon, Stephen T. "How Simple Maths Can Inform Our Basic Understanding of Phage Therapy." Clinical Infectious Diseases 77, Supplement_5 (2023): S401—S406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad480.

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Abstract Phage therapy is the application of bacterial viruses to control and, ideally, to eliminate problematic bacteria from patients. Usually employed are so-called strictly lytic phages, which upon adsorption of a bacterium should give rise to both bacterial death and bacterial lysis. This killing occurs with single-hit kinetics, resulting in relatively simple ways to mathematically model organismal-level, phage-bacterium interactions. Reviewed here are processes of phage therapy as viewed from these simpler mathematical perspectives, starting with phage dosing, continuing through phage ad
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Carroll-Portillo, Amanda, Kellin N. Rumsey, Cody A. Braun, et al. "Mucin and Agitation Shape Predation of Escherichia coli by Lytic Coliphage." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020508.

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The ability of bacteriophage (phage), abundant within the gastrointestinal microbiome, to regulate bacterial populations within the same micro-environment offers prophylactic and therapeutic opportunities. Bacteria and phage have both been shown to interact intimately with mucin, and these interactions invariably effect the outcomes of phage predation within the intestine. To better understand the influence of the gastrointestinal micro-environment on phage predation, we employed enclosed, in vitro systems to investigate the roles of mucin concentration and agitation as a function of phage typ
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Abedon, Stephen T., Katarzyna M. Danis-Wlodarczyk, Daniel J. Wozniak, and Matthew B. Sullivan. "Improving Phage-Biofilm In Vitro Experimentation." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061175.

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Bacteriophages or phages, the viruses of bacteria, are abundant components of most ecosystems, including those where bacteria predominantly occupy biofilm niches. Understanding the phage impact on bacterial biofilms therefore can be crucial toward understanding both phage and bacterial ecology. Here, we take a critical look at the study of bacteriophage interactions with bacterial biofilms as carried out in vitro, since these studies serve as bases of our ecological and therapeutic understanding of phage impacts on biofilms. We suggest that phage-biofilm in vitro experiments often may be impro
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Koskella, Britt, and Nicole Parr. "The evolution of bacterial resistance against bacteriophages in the horse chestnut phyllosphere is general across both space and time." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1675 (2015): 20140297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0297.

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Insight to the spatial and temporal scales of coevolution is key to predicting the outcome of host–parasite interactions and spread of disease. For bacteria infecting long-lived hosts, selection to overcome host defences is just one factor shaping the course of evolution; populations will also be competing with other microbial species and will themselves be facing infection by bacteriophage viruses. Here, we examine the temporal and spatial patterns of bacterial adaptation against natural phage populations from within leaves of horse chestnut trees. Using a time-shift experiment with both symp
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Bonilla-Rosso, Germán, Théodora Steiner, Fabienne Wichmann, Evan Bexkens, and Philipp Engel. "Honey bees harbor a diverse gut virome engaging in nested strain-level interactions with the microbiota." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 13 (2020): 7355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000228117.

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The honey bee gut microbiota influences bee health and has become an important model to study the ecology and evolution of microbiota–host interactions. Yet, little is known about the phage community associated with the bee gut, despite its potential to modulate bacterial diversity or to govern important symbiotic functions. Here we analyzed two metagenomes derived from virus-like particles, analyzed the prevalence of the identified phages across 73 bacterial metagenomes from individual bees, and tested the host range of isolated phages. Our results show that the honey bee gut virome is compos
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39

Yerushalmy, Ortal, Ron Braunstein, Sivan Alkalay-Oren, et al. "Towards Standardization of Phage Susceptibility Testing: The Israeli Phage Therapy Center “Clinical Phage Microbiology”—A Pipeline Proposal." Clinical Infectious Diseases 77, Supplement_5 (2023): S337—S351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad514.

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Abstract Using phages as salvage therapy for nonhealing infections is gaining recognition as a viable solution for patients with such infections. The escalating issue of antibiotic resistance further emphasizes the significance of using phages in treating bacterial infections, encompassing compassionate-use scenarios and clinical trials. Given the high specificity of phages, selecting the suitable phage(s) targeting the causative bacteria becomes critical for achieving treatment success. However, in contrast to conventional antibiotics, where susceptibility-testing procedures were well establi
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Kim, Kang Eun, Hyoung Min Joo, Yu Jin Kim, et al. "Ecological Interaction between Bacteriophages and Bacteria in Sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden Bay, Svalbard, Norway." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (2024): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020276.

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Marine virus diversity and their relationships with their hosts in the marine environment remain unclear. This study investigated the co-occurrence of marine DNA bacteriophages (phages) and bacteria in the sub-Arctic area of Kongsfjorden Bay in Svalbard (Norway) in April and June 2018 using metagenomics tools. Of the marine viruses identified, 48–81% were bacteriophages of the families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Podoviridae. Puniceispirillum phage HMO-2011 was dominant (7.61%) in April, and Puniceispirillum phage HMO-2011 (3.32%) and Pelagibacter phage HTVC008M (3.28%) were dominant in June
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Tesfaigzi, Johannes, and Roland Süssmuth. "Proportion of phage-insensitive and phage-sensitive cells within pure strains of lactic streptococci, and the influence of calcium." Journal of Dairy Research 56, no. 1 (1989): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900026327.

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It is of industrial importance to investigate the interaction ofStreptococcus lactiswith phages. Although it has been long recognized that in phage–bacterial relationships the phage-carrier state can occur (Hunter, 1947), relatively little study has been done on this subject. The terras ‘phage-carrier state’ and ‘pseudolysogeny’ have been used synonymously to describe bacterial cultures which are persistently infected with a virus (Barksdale & Arden, 1974, Lawrenceet al.1976). The phagecarrier state differs from lysogenesis in that the bacteria are easily separated from the bacteriophage b
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Maffei, Enea, Aisylu Shaidullina, Marco Burkolter, et al. "Systematic exploration of Escherichia coli phage–host interactions with the BASEL phage collection." PLOS Biology 19, no. 11 (2021): e3001424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001424.

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Bacteriophages, the viruses infecting bacteria, hold great potential for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and other applications due to their unparalleled diversity and recent breakthroughs in their genetic engineering. However, fundamental knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying phage–host interactions is mostly confined to a few traditional model systems and did not keep pace with the recent massive expansion of the field. The true potential of molecular biology encoded by these viruses has therefore remained largely untapped, and phages for therapy or other
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Kraus, Samuel, Megan L. Fletcher, Urszula Łapińska, et al. "Phage-induced efflux down-regulation boosts antibiotic efficacy." PLOS Pathogens 20, no. 6 (2024): e1012361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012361.

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The interactions between a virus and its host vary in space and time and are affected by the presence of molecules that alter the physiology of either the host or the virus. Determining the molecular mechanisms at the basis of these interactions is paramount for predicting the fate of bacterial and phage populations and for designing rational phage-antibiotic therapies. We study the interactions between stationary phase Burkholderia thailandensis and the phage ΦBp-AMP1. Although heterogeneous genetic resistance to phage rapidly emerges in B. thailandensis, the presence of phage enhances the ef
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Bulssico, Julián, Irina PapukashvilI, Leon Espinosa, Sylvain Gandon, and Mireille Ansaldi. "Phage-antibiotic synergy: Cell filamentation is a key driver of successful phage predation." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 9 (2023): e1011602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011602.

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Phages are promising tools to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and as for now, phage therapy is essentially performed in combination with antibiotics. Interestingly, combined treatments including phages and a wide range of antibiotics lead to an increased bacterial killing, a phenomenon called phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS), suggesting that antibiotic-induced changes in bacterial physiology alter the dynamics of phage propagation. Using single-phage and single-cell techniques, each step of the lytic cycle of phage HK620 was studied in E. coli cultures treated with either ceftazidime, cepha
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Zamora, Paula F., Thomas G. Reidy, Catherine R. Armbruster, et al. "Lytic bacteriophages induce the secretion of antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines from human respiratory epithelial cells." PLOS Biology 22, no. 4 (2024): e3002566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002566.

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Phage therapy is a therapeutic approach to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections that employs lytic bacteriophages (phages) to eliminate bacteria. Despite the abundant evidence for its success as an antimicrobial in Eastern Europe, there is scarce data regarding its effects on the human host. Here, we aimed to understand how lytic phages interact with cells of the airway epithelium, the tissue site that is colonized by bacterial biofilms in numerous chronic respiratory disorders. Using a panel of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages and human airway epithelial cells (AECs) derived from a person
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Donati, Valentina L., Inger Dalsgaard, Anniina Runtuvuori-Salmela, et al. "Interactions between Rainbow Trout Eyed Eggs and Flavobacterium spp. Using a Bath Challenge Model: Preliminary Evaluation of Bacteriophages as Pathogen Control Agents." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050971.

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The microbial community surrounding fish eyed eggs can harbor pathogenic bacteria. In this study we focused on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eyed eggs and the potential of bacteriophages against the pathogenic bacteria Flavobacterium psychrophilum and F. columnare. An infection bath method was first established, and the effects of singular phages on fish eggs was assessed (survival of eyed eggs, interaction of phages with eyed eggs). Subsequently, bacteria-challenged eyed eggs were exposed to phages to evaluate their effects in controlling the bacterial population. Culture-based methods
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Lucia-Sanz, Adriana, Shengyun Peng, Joey Leung, Animesh Gupta, Justin R. Meyer, and Joshua S. Weitz. "Inferring strain-level mutational drivers of phage-bacteria interaction phenotypes arising during coevolutionary dynamics." Virus Evolution, November 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veae104.

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Abstract The enormous diversity of bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts presents a significant challenge to predict which phages infect a focal set of bacteria. Infection is largely determined by complementary—and largely uncharacterized—genetics of adsorption, injection, cell take-over and lysis. Here we present a machine learning approach to predict phage-bacteria interactions trained on genome sequences of and phenotypic interactions amongst 51 Escherichia coli strains and 45 phage λ strains that coevolved in laboratory conditions for 37 days. Leveraging multiple inference strategies an
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Molina, Felipe, Manuel Menor-Flores, Lucía Fernández, Miguel A. Vega-Rodríguez, and Pilar García. "Systematic analysis of putative phage-phage interactions on minimum-sized phage cocktails." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06422-1.

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AbstractThe application of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents has many benefits in the “post-antibiotic age”. To increase the number of successfully targeted bacterial strains, phage cocktails, instead of a single phage, are commonly formulated. Nevertheless, there is currently no consensus pipeline for phage cocktail development. Thus, although large cocktails increase the spectrum of activity, they could produce side effects such as the mobilization of virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. On the other hand, coinfection (simultaneous infection of one host cell by several phages) migh
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Kauffman, Kathryn M., William K. Chang, Julia M. Brown, et al. "Resolving the structure of phage–bacteria interactions in the context of natural diversity." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27583-z.

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AbstractMicrobial communities are shaped by viral predators. Yet, resolving which viruses (phages) and bacteria are interacting is a major challenge in the context of natural levels of microbial diversity. Thus, fundamental features of how phage-bacteria interactions are structured and evolve in the wild remain poorly resolved. Here we use large-scale isolation of environmental marine Vibrio bacteria and their phages to obtain estimates of strain-level phage predator loads, and use all-by-all host range assays to discover how phage and host genomic diversity shape interactions. We show that ly
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Li, Dandan, Na Li, Yu Chen, et al. "Phage-host interaction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates with functional and altered quorum sensing systems." Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 4, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02402-24.

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ABSTRACT Quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in regulating key traits, including the upregulation of phage receptors, which leads to heightened phage susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . As a result, higher cell densities typically increase the risk of phage invasions. This has led to speculation that bacteria may have evolved strategies to counterbalance this increased susceptibility. Additionally, non-synonymous mutations in LasR, the master regulator of QS, are common among cystic fibrosis patients, but the impact of these mutations on phage interactions remains poorly understood
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