Academic literature on the topic 'Bill circulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bill circulation"

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Южакова, О., O. Yuzhakova, Г. Бектенова, and G. Bektenova. "Role of the Bill of Credit in the Development of the Russian Financial Market." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 8, no. 1 (2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c7f9a9ad4f024.93996391.

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The main objective of the article is to identify the main trends of the bill market in Russia. The article considers the bill market as a part of the financial market. The article highlights the concept of a bill market in the narrow sense, as the market for the sale and purchase of bills, and in a broad sense, as a sphere of circulation of bills. The circle of the main participants of the bill market is investigated. Changes in civil legislation on the issue of the bill loan are analyzed. The authors analyzed the dynamics and main indicators of the bill market and made conclusions about the p
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KALECKI., M. "EMPLOYMENT, WAGE BILL, AND CASH CIRCULATION." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 4, no. 3 (2009): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1942.mp4003002.x.

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McGraw, Kevin J., Alexander J. Gregory, Robert S. Parker, and Elizabeth Adkins-Regan. "Diet, Plasma Carotenoids, and Sexual Coloration in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata)." Auk 120, no. 2 (2003): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.2.400.

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Abstract Carotenoid-based colors serve important sexual-signaling functions in many animals, but the proximate factor(s) underlying their expression has sparked controversy. In particular, the relative contributions of dietary and physiological mechanisms have been questioned of late. However, no studies have concurrently quantified levels of food intake or pigment processing in any species to examine the comparative effects of pigment acquisition and use on integumetary coloration. Here, we studied within- and between-sex patterns of food intake and plasma pigment circulation in the Zebra Fin
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Shi, Hankun, and Xuelin Wang. "Research on Electronic Bill of Lading of Container Shipping Based on Blockchain Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (2021): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012123.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the electronic bill of lading technology of container shipping, and solves the key problems such as the loss of bill of lading during the circulation of paper bill of lading. Based on the optimization of the basic structure and core technology of electronic bill of lading, this study incorporates the blockchain technology, analyzes the fit between blockchain technology and electronic bill of lading, and constructs a new model of electronic bill of lading for container shipping based on blockchain technology, which improves the safety and stability of shipping trans
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Aqil Tajuddin Zhahir, Ariesta Chandra Perdana, Claudia Theresia Sihotang, and Muhammad Galih Sampurno. "Analisa Pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pembatasan Transaksi Uang Kartal." Aktivisme: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Politik dan Sosial Indonesia 1, no. 3 (2024): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/aktivisme.v1i3.338.

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The Bill on the Limitation of Cartal Money Transactions (RUU PTUK) is a regulation regarding the limitation of cartal money transactions to 100 million rupiah in a day either in one transaction or several times, more than that must use digital money. The purpose of this bill is to reduce circulation and emphasize counterfeit money and reduce corruption activities. This paper aims to identify the problems and impacts of the passage of the PTUK Bill on corruption and money politics in Indonesia. The PTUK Bill in its application requires public participation to support the PTUK Bill, besides that
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Plotnikova, Alexandra. "Genesis of the institute of promissory notes in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period: historical and legal aspect." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 6-2 (2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202306statyi55.

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The article presents a retrospective review of the formation of the institute of promissory notes in Russia before 1917. The process of development of legislation on promissory note circulation is considered in detail. The role of the promissory note in the development of binding legal relations, the expansion of trade and economic relations at the national and international level is revealed. The author concludes that certain definitions are fixed in the bill law: the concept of a security, bill legal capacity, rights and obligations of subjects of bill relations.
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Anatoliy, Kostruba. "COMMODITY SECURITIES AS AN OBJECT OF CIVILIAN RELATIONSHIPS." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 25, no. 3 (2018): 230–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681551.

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The country’s transition to a market form of organizing social production and the circulation of products caused profound changes in the economy. The formation of joint-stock companies, the transformation of state and municipal enterprises into joint-stock companies, through privatization, are associated with a wide issue and circulation of securities. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to study the characteristics of commodity-oriented securities as objects of civil legal relations. It was determined that the bill of lading is written out on the form of the established form with
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Inshakova, Agnessa O., and Alexander I. Goncharov. "BILL OF LADING IN LEGAL REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY: FROM PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION TO ELECTRONIC CRYPTO CODE." RUDN Journal of Law 23, no. 3 (2019): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2019-23-3-375-393.

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Sea freight was and remains the most popular way of cargo delivery. Transportation of goods by sea routes plays a crucial role in the economy of most countries. The bill of lading acts as a legal instrument and guarantees the interests of participants in foreign trade deals and has a complex legal nature, due to its functionality. The use of electronic documents for formalizing relations between the participants in the maritime transport of goods has become possible due to the rapid development and widespread introduction of information technologies into the property turnover. In the period of
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Sokolov, Maxim, Yulia Potanina, Milana Uspaeva, and Natalya Kuchkovskaya. "The formation of money circulation in Russia: introduction of the metal system and banking supervision." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 01 (2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202101statyi18.

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The authors show the historical transition from the use of local money, in fact, reflecting the commodity turnover to an instrument of an emissive nature. The article describes the historical transition from bimetallism to the paper and bill of exchange forms of money circulation. it is shown that the money supply after the 1840s became a source of formation of credit funds, which ensured the need for the emergence of a system of banking supervision.
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Бойкова, А. В., Е. Н. Малышева, and Т. Н. Федорова. "Overview of the provisions of the draft law on the external management of foreign companies in the new economic conditions." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 4(141) (July 11, 2022): 1229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.141.4.228.

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Столкнувшись с проблемой массового «исхода» компаний с иностранным «недружественным» участием законодатель столкнулся с необходимостью урегулирования правоотношении между участниками отношений, возникших ранее в процессе осуществления ими предпринимательской деятельности. Данный законопроект имеет большое значение для обеспечения стабильности экономики и гражданского оборота, защиты прав и законных интересов граждан в Российской Федерации. Цель отечественного законопроекта - сохранение баланса между национальными интересами и интересами иностранных инвесторов. Однако, отсутствие подобной практ
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bill circulation"

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Мирославський, Сергій Володимирович, Сергей Владимирович Мирославский та Serhii Volodymyrovych Myroslavskyi. "Сучасний стан проблеми додержання конституційних прав громадянина при застосуванні законодавства про вексельний обіг". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61392.

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Стаття 57 Конституції України гарантує кожному право знати свої права і обов’язки. Незважаючи на це, в Україні тривалий час продовжують діяти закони, тексти яких не доведено до відома громадян, як того вимагає вказана стаття Конституції, і які при цьому визначають не тільки права і обов’язки, а й відповідальність фізичних та юридичних осіб – суб’єктів вексельного обігу. При цьому суди застосовують положення неопублікованих законів, обґрунтовуючи ними свої рішення, у той час, як відповідно до ст. 57 Конституції закони та інші нормативно-правові акти, що визначають права і обов’язки громадян
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Думанський, М. А. "Вексельний обіг в системі фінансових відносин". Thesis, Науково-дослідний фінансовий інститут, 2002. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51523.

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Дисертацію присвячено суті фінансової складової вексельного обігу, методів оцінки економічної природи векселя, їхнього використання в розв’язанні економічних проблем суб’єктів господарської діяльності, зокрема розв’язання кризи платежів. На основі аналізу та оцінки існуючих механізмів використання векселів визначено та обґрунтовано ступінь, зміст і значення вексельного обігу в становленні економічних ринкових відносин та сформульовані основні принципи їх ефективного застосування в розрахунках між підприємствами. В роботі запропоновано механізм проведення вексельного взаємозаліку, розроблена
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Li, Hai. "Bile acids enterohepatic circulation." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77982.

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Llamas, Vidales Jose Ricardo. "Use of a 3D liver microreactor as an in vitro model for the study of bile acid synthesis and hepatobiliary circulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61226.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2009.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-165).<br>The liver regulates a myriad of vital functions including bile acid synthesis, hepatobiliary circulation, cholesterol homeostasis, drug metabolism, etc. This thesis focuses on the use of a 3D in vitro model of liver to study the effects of compounds and culture conditions on hepatobiliary transport and bile acid synthesis. In order to achieve this goal, protocols were developed to perform hepatic transpor
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Wang, Yow-Ming Chen. "Investigations of compartmental models, experimental designs, and a rat model with chronic bile duct/duodenal cannulae for pharmacokinetic studies of drugs or drug-conjugate-pairs that undergo enterohepatic circulation /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487780865411924.

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Weir, Diarmid J. G. "Money and production : a pluralist analysis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1141.

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The purpose of this thesis is to argue that the core of a monetary economy is a network of triangular contracts between banks, firms, workers and capital goods suppliers. Not only does this network give rise to the creation and valuation of money but it is the organising feature of modern economies, giving rise to both episodes of stability and crises. In constructing this argument I consider both orthodox and heterodox points of view. We analyse equilibrium models of money, and find that while money can exist in sequence economies with frictions, models of this type give no justification for
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Books on the topic "Bill circulation"

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Rickli, Ralph. Untersuchungen zum Ausbreitungsklima der Region Biel. Geographisches Institut der Universität Bern, 1988.

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G, Paumgartner, Stiehl A. 1941-, Gerok W. 1926-, and Bile Acid Meeting (8th : 1984 : Bern, Switzerland), eds. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and sterol metabolism: Proceedings of the 42nd Falk Symposium, held during the VIIIth International Bile Acid Meeting, Berne, August 31-Sept. 2, 1984. MTP Press, 1985.

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(Editor), G. Paumgartner, A. Stiehl (Editor), and W. Gerok (Editor), eds. Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids and Sterol Metabolism (Falk Symposium). Springer, 1985.

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Workshops in Bile Acid Research: Serum Bile Acids in Health and Disease and The Pathophysiology of the Enterohepatic Circulation. Springer, 2011.

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Dowling, R. H., L. Barbara, A. F. Hofmann, and E. Roda. Workshops in Bile Acid Research: Serum Bile Acids in Health and Disease and the Pathophysiology of the Enterohepatic Circulation. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Dowling, R. H., L. Barbara, A. F. Hofmann, and E. Roda. Workshops in Bile Acid Research: Serum Bile Acids in Health and Disease and the Pathophysiology of the Enterohepatic Circulation. Springer Netherlands, 2011.

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Fourie, Denise, and Nancy Loe. Libraries in the Information Age. 3rd ed. Libraries Unlimited, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400678899.

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The bookLibrary Media Connectioncited as something "all librarians need to have on their shelves" is now thoroughly revised for today's 21st-century library environment. Covering both technology and library practices, the title has been a go-to text for librarians and library school students since 2002. Since the second edition of this must-have book was published in late 2009, libraries have undergone profound changes, primarily linked to advances in technology. We've seen the debut of RDA, the release of new Pew Research library and Internet use data, and the establishment of digital reposit
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Yolen, Jane. Leather Apron Club: Benjamin Franklin, His Son Billy and America's First Circulating Library. Charlesbridge Publishing, Incorporated, 2021.

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Notes on Banking in Great Britain and Ireland, Sweden, Denmark and Hamburg: With Some Remarks on the Amount of Bills in Circulation. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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Green, Thomas A. Greenwood Library of American Folktales. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216193951.

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Paul Bunyan, Br'er Rabbit, Bluebeard, and Billy the Kid. These are just some of the many character alive today through folktales. A goldmine for students, storytellers, and general readers, this massive work gives easy access to the stories and legends that have captivated us for generations and continue to influence film, television, literature, and popular culture. The most ambitious undertaking of its kind, this collection conveniently groups American folktales by region and includes common and less familiar stories from a wide range of ethnic traditions. It also provides a generous samplin
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Book chapters on the topic "Bill circulation"

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Buldas, Ahto, Dirk Draheim, and Märt Saarepera. "Secure and Efficient Implementation of Electronic Money." In Future Data and Security Engineering. Big Data, Security and Privacy, Smart City and Industry 4.0 Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8069-5_3.

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AbstractDuring the last years, central banks have discussed possible use of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) – electronic cash. Besides the financial and economic factors also the security and scalability of technical implementation of CBDC have been studied. Blockchain technology provides high level of security independent of the technical infrastructure and enables central banks to outsource most of the CBDC operations to the private sector while still having full control over the total amount of CBDC in circulation. Scalability of blockchain solutions depends on the possibility of dec
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Wolkoff, Allan W. "Composition and circulation of the bile." In Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118833001.ch11.

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Cheng, Hwee Ming, Kin Kheong Mah, and Kumar Seluakumaran. "Recycling of Bile Salts: Enterohepatic Circulation (EHC)." In Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62285-5_12.

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Kuipers, Folkert, Charles M. A. Bijleveld, Rick Havinga, John Fernandes, and Roel J. Vonk. "The Enterohepatic Circulation of Sulfated and Nonsulfated Bile Acids." In Assessment and Management of Hepatobiliary Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72631-6_8.

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Hofmann, A. F. "Overview: Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids — a Topic in Molecular Physiology." In Bile Acids in Health and Disease. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1249-6_1.

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Dri, Martina. "Morus, Mirex, Medica arbor: de herbis in un inedito glossario bobbiese di IX secolo." In Studi di letterature moderne e comparate. Firenze University Press, USiena Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0602-0.05.

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The contribution analyses some glosses de herbis, transmitted in an unedited Latin glossary from Bobbio, written in the IX4/4 century and preserved in Milan, Bibl. Ambrosiana, C 243 inf. Two of these glosses (Morus and Mirex), both cited as depending on works by Bede, present some problematic aspects in the identification of the sources. The glosses contain, in fact, traces of orality that suggest the circulation of an expanded, reworked or glossed version of Bede's commentary on the Gospel of Luke. Finally, a parenthetical element in a gloss taken from the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville is
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Arpaci, Muhammed Furkan. "Liver and Gallbladder." In Clinical Anatomy of Digestive System a Handbook for Healthcare Professionals. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358855.7.

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This chapter explains the gross anatomical structure of the liver, such as its general morphometric structure, functions, visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces, lobes, segments, and the formations in these parts. Then, the portal system in the liver, portal lobules and acinuses, the formations that hold the liver in position and the liver’s neighborhoods are included. The relationship between the liver and the peritoneum, peritoneal and non-peritoneal areas, the surfaces of the liver, the formation of the hepatic portal vein draining to the liver from the digestive system, and the portal circula
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Ballatori, N. "Adolf Windaus Prize Lecture: A central role for the organic solute and steroid transporter, Ostα-Ostß, in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and structurally related molecules." In Bile Acid Biology and Therapeutic Actions. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9644-0_23.

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Ross, Duncan M. "Notes on banking in Great Britain and Ireland, Sweden, Denmark and Hamburg; with some remarks on the amount of bills in circulation, both inland and foreign, in Great Britain and Ireland; and the banking law of Sweden." In The History of Banking II, 1844-1959 Vol 4. Routledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003547174-2.

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Ross, Duncan M. "An attempt to ascertain the magnitude and fluctuation of the amount of bills of exchange (inland and foreign) in circulation at one time in Great Britain, in England, in Scotland, in Lancashire and in Cheshire respectively, during each of the twenty years 1828-1847, both inclusive; and also embracing in the inquiry Bills drawn upon foreign countries." In The History of Banking II, 1844-1959 Vol 4. Routledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003547174-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bill circulation"

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Tanaka, T., T. Itoh, T. Tsujinaka, M. Sakon, J. Kambayashi, and T. Mori. "AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL TO STUDY INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPER-COAGULABLE STATE AND ORGAN FAILURE IN SEPSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644245.

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are critical consequences of septic patients but the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet, because of the complexities of clinical cases. Thereby, attempts were made to establish animal model with DIC &amp; MOF without injecting endotoxin, bacteria or procoagulants into circulation, which may result in misleading conclusions. Twenty four male Japan albino rabbits were divided into the following 4 groups; [A]-ligation of bile duct and instillation of fecal suspension ( appr. 2 X 107 gram negative rods)into t
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Bonfiglio, Andrea, Kritsada Leungchavaphongse, Rodolfo Repetto, and Jennifer H. Siggers. "A Mathematical Model of Blood Circulation in the Liver Lobule." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19237.

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The liver has a specialized circulation. It is supplied by two main vessels: the hepatic portal vein, carrying nutrient-rich deoxygenated blood, and the hepatic artery, carrying oxygenated blood. The hepatic portal vein supplies up to 80% of the blood. Within the liver, both the portal vein and the hepatic artery undergo a series of successive bifurcations, which end at the portal tracts. Each portal tract contains three vessels: a portal vein, an artery and a bile duct. Blood drains out from the portal tracts into the sinusoidal space and from there into the central veins. The central veins,
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Colucci, M., D. Altomareo, G. Chettao, L. G. Cavallo, and N. Semararo. "INCREASED PLASMA LEVELS OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR (PA-I) IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE (OJ)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644457.

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Microvascular thrombosis is considered an important pathogenetic factor in renal failure associated with OJ. Plasma levels of PA-I, measured by an amidolytic assay in 29 patients with OJ, were significantly increased as compared with 20 control patients (X ± SEM: 26.5 ± 3.5 vs 6.0 ± 1 units/ml; p &lt; 0.001). Fibrin autography of plasma supplemented with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA,50 IU/ml) revealed that in jaundiced samples most of the added activator migrated with an apparent Mr of 100 Kd, corresponding to t-PA-PA-I complex, whereas in control samples virtually all t-PA migrated as f
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Michalski, Marie-Caroline, Cecile Vors, Corinne Malpuech-Brugere, et al. "Impact of milk polar lipid supplementation on postprandial bile acid composition." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/pklq6155.

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Justification: Bile acids (BA) are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and may act as signalling molecules and metabolic regulators of energy homeostasis. Disorders in BA metabolism can lead to liver and cardiovascular diseases. In a 4-week double-blind RCT (VALOBAB-C), we demonstrated that the daily consumption of a cream cheese enriched with 3 or 5g of milk polar lipids (PL) improved lipid metabolism by reducing hypercholesterolemia in overweight postmenopausal women. Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of milk PL on circulating BA in the fasting and postprandial state. Method
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Ming, Y., X. Zhu, S. Tuma-Kellner, H. Gan-Schreier, and W. Chamulitrat. "iPLA2b Deficiency Exacerbates an Increase of Bile Acids in the Enterohepatic Circulation by Downregulating Hepatic FXR in Mice fed with Methionine-choline-deficient Diet." In 35. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677174.

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Collen, D. "SYNERGISM, MUTANTS AND HYBRIDS OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATO(t-PA) AND SINGLE CHAIN UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR(scu-PA):POTENTIAL FORTHROMBOLYTIC THERAPY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643725.

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With the development and clinical investigation of the fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents t-PA and scu-PA, many questions relating to their optimal use remain to be answered. It is, however, becoming apparent that these agents, in addition to several advantages,suffer some shortcomings, e.g. their therapeutic dose is large and their fibrin-specificity is limited.Therefore,the quest for better thrombolytic agents remains open.We will report results of four main lines of research which we are pursuing to obtain better agents or regimens for fibrin-specific thrombolytic therapy.1. Synergism betw
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