Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bill of exchange

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bill of exchange'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Czaplicki, Paweł. "The Electronic Bill of Exchange Concept from an International Perspective." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 26, no. 5 (2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2021.26.05.11.

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Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the structures of electronic bills of exchange. It also includes an analysis of the proposed shape of an electronic bill of exchange prepared for the needs of the Polish legal system by the Working Group for distributed registers and blockchain, operating at the Ministry of Digitalization. The comparative and dogmatic methods were used for the analysis. According to the hypothesis put forward by the author, the introduction of the construction of an electronic bill of exchange to the Polish and foreign legal systems is necessary to maintain the fun
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Forsyth, Christopher. "When is a bill of exchange not a bill of exchange? The effect of an inadvertent deletion." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (1999): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399271012.

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IT is often to the advantage of a defendant sued on an instrument that appears to be a bill of exchange to argue that it is not. The instrument will then generally not be negotiable and summary judgment will not be available under R.S.C. Order 14. Contractual defences will be able to be raised and counterclaims made. In short, instead of summary proceedings which the defendant would be denied leave to defend, the plaintiff will have to face the delay and expense of a full trial. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. v. G D Trade Co. Ltd. [1998] C.L.C. 238 (C.A.) is an example of this. Th
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ARSLAN, Firdevs. "Kambiyo Senetlerinde Aval The Bill Guarantee in Bills of Exchange." İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 1 (2015): 93–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/iau.hfd.2015.018/hfd_v06i1005.

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Reyes Guzmán, Gerardo, María Esther Pimentel Canizales, and Perla Esperanza Rostro Hernández. "Exchange Rate and Stock Market in Mexico: A Correlation Analysis (1993-2022)." Nova Scientia 15, no. 31 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v15i31.3452.

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The aim of this paper is to estimate using monthly data the influence of the Mexican Stock Market in the nominal Exchange Rate from 1993 to 2022. We conducted an Exploratory Data Analysis to identify the most important correlations of the following monetary variables: 28-day Mexican Debt bills/ (T-Bill), interest rates, inflation, and Stock Exchange Market both from Mexico and from the USA respectively. We then resorted to a VAR model to indentify which of these variables determined changes in Mexico´s nominal Exchange Rate more significantly. During the period in question the model showed, th
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Pešić, Vladimir. "Elektronska menica kao potencijalno novi institut srpskog prava." Pravo i privreda 61, no. 2 (2023): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/pip_23219a.

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In this paper the author examines whether the bill of exchange can be an electronic record, instead of a paper document. Today, a lot of communication among merchants goes on electronically. That is the reason why there is a need for digitalization of this security. Although it is not regulated in Serbian applicable law, it is necessary to examine basic questions about it, especially its issuing and using. We looked at the regulation of electronic documents and electronic signature, comparing it with the Serbian Bill of Exchange Act. When we consider our applicable law in area of electronic co
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Hill, Ronald Paul. "Bill Collectors and Consumers: A Troublesome Exchange Relationship." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 13, no. 1 (1994): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569401300102.

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The author examines the interface between bill collectors and consumers through the use of in-depth interviews. One important result is a profile of both bill collectors and consumer debtors that includes an understanding of their beliefs and attitudes toward as well as reactions to each other. To develop this profile, details of the debt collection process, including the activities of bill collectors, the reactions of consumers, and their resulting relationship, are provided. The author closes with public policy implications, further research opportunities, and broader implications for market
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Cvetkova, Irina. "PROMISSORY NOTES’ TERMINALS AS A WAY OF GAMBLING LEGALIZATION IN RUSSIA." Administrative and Criminal Justice 2, no. 87 (2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v2i87.4022.

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With the evolving commodity-money relations the promissory note has gradually become a universal credit-settlement instrument used in business and banking practice. In the XXI century the promissory note market started to be used both for virtual transactioning and for the transactioning not directly related to the receipt of the particular monetary funds and even for the pursuit of the activities under a ban. After the gambling ban at almost the entire territory of the Russian Federation, stock exchange programmes and bill of exchange terminals started to be actively used to legalize gambling
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PIEPRZYCA, Piotr. "ANALYSE CONTRASTIVE DE LA TERMINOLOGIE DU DROIT CAMBIAIRE DANS LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET POLONAISE." Comparative Legilinguistics 30 (October 29, 2017): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.30.2.

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The article presents the problem of equivalence between the main terms of the law on bills of exchange in Polish and French. First, the author presents the origins of the bill of exchange and the evolution of the law on bills of exchange from ancient times until the twentieth century when the rules concerning this branch of law were unified at the international level, in the convention concluded in Geneva on 7 June 1930. Afterwards, some terms related to bills of exchange in both language versions of the convention are analyzed in order to create the mini-dictionary of principal terms. Then th
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Babangida, Jamilu S., and Asad-Ul I. Khan. "Effect of Monetary Policy on the Nigerian Stock Market: A Smooth Transition Autoregressive Approach." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics 12, No. 1 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.12121.1/6.

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This paper examines the nonlinear effect of monetary policy decisions on the performance of the Nigerian Stock Exchange market, by employing the Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model on monthly data from 2013 M4 to 2019 M12 for All Share Index and monetary policy instrument. This study considers the two regimes characterizing the stock market, which are the lower regime (the bear market) and the upper regime (the bull market). The results show evidence of nonlinear effect of monetary policy on the stock exchange market. Monetary policy rate, money supply, lagged monetary policy rate an
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Fianto, Bayu Arie, Nisful Laila, Raditya Sukmana, and Muhammad Madyan. "PREDICTORS OF EXCHANGE RATE RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23, no. 2 (2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i1.1169.

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Using historical time-series data, we investigate Indonesia’s exchange rate return predictability. We employ nine predictors, namely stock price, gold price, oil price, commodity price, inflation, balance of payment, total exports, the US T-bill rate, and the US federal fund rate. With historical data, we fail to discover any evidence that these factors predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns. However, we find that oil price, commodity price, inflation, and the US T-bill rate can significantly predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns during the Asian financial crisis. Our findings key impli
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Špotová, Jana. "Směnečný formalismus a vývoj jeho pojetí v judikatuře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205410.

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The topic of this thesis is bill formalism and development of its concept in the judicature. The thesis deals mainly with requirements of a bill of exchange, which are set by law, as well as with the effect of the failure to meet the correct form of these requirements on validity of bills of exchange. This issue is analysed especially with regard to its concept in the Czech judicature. The first chapter deals with theoretical aspects of the topic, namely with description of the basic legal regulation of exchange law, the characteristics of a bill of exchange and defining the kinds of bills and
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Blenman, Lloyd P. "Implicit forward and future relations in the T-Bill market /." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1271849561.

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Blenman, Lloyd P. "Implicit forward and futures relations in the T-Bill market." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1271849561.

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Мальований, А. О. "Правове регулювання поручительства у вексельному праві України". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68673.

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У роботі проведено комплексний аналіз інституту вексельного поручительства, виявлення основних проблем його розвитку та розроблення пропозицій щодо їх вирішення. Зокрема, висвітлено основні етапи історичного розвитку вексельного поручительства, надано правову характеристику сутності авалю та виділено його види; проведено порівняльний аналіз інститутів поручительства у вексельному та цивільному праві. Висвітлено проблеми уніфікації міжнародного вексельного законодавства щодо правового регулювання вексельного поручительства та запропонувати шляхи вирішення проблем розвитку вексельного поручитель
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Скрипник, В. Л. "Вексель як об’єкт цивільних прав: сучасні проблеми". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/79082.

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Підписавши Угоду про асоціацію з Європейським Союзом, України зробила перші кроки для подальшої інтеграції в глобальний економічний простір, успішність якого залежить від швидкості адаптації вітчизняного законодавства до європейських стандартів. Зазначимо, що подальший розвиток цивільного законодавства не обов’язково пов’язаний із необхідністю його нової кодифікації, і, як слушно зазначається, сьогодні достатньо обмежитися рекодифікацією з метою адаптації вітчизняного цивільного законодавства до сучасного концепту приватного прав [7, с. 6]. На відміну від попередніх вітчизняних кодифікацій ц
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Knéblová, Hana. "Směnka a reálné možnosti jejího využití v praxi českých bank." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74207.

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The thesis on "The Bill and real possibilities of its use in the practice of Czech banks" is focused on the characteristics of bills as a directing and payment instrument and possible ways of its use, taking into account both economic and legal aspects. This work includes a wide range of banking products, in which the bills are used, indicating their advantages and disadvantages too. The conclusion provides justification for attractiveness of bills for the banks, but also the reasons for which it is viewed by public with some skepticism.
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Wong, Alan 1954. "Futures-Forward Price Differences and Efficiency in the Treasury Bill Futures Market." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330688/.

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This study addressed two issues. First, it examined the ability of two models, developed by Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (CIR), to explain the differences between futures and implicit forward prices in the thirteen-week T-bill market. The models imply that if future interest rates are stochastic, futures and forward prices differ; the structural difference is due to the daily settlement process required in futures trading. Second, the study determined the efficiency of the thirteen-week T-bill futures market using volatility and regression tests. Volatility tests use variance bounds to examine whet
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Sieber, Claudia. "Schweizerischer Wechsel - U.S. Bill of Exchange und Promissory Note : ein materiellrechtlicher Vergleich des schweizerischen Wechsels mit den amerikanischen Handelspapieren Bill of Exchange und Promissory Note unter Berücksichtigung des Prozessrechts und der UNCITRAL Konvention über ein einheitliches internationales Wechselrecht /." Zürich : Schulthess, Polygraph. Verl, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272321265.pdf.

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Мирославський, Сергій Володимирович, Сергей Владимирович Мирославский та Serhii Volodymyrovych Myroslavskyi. "До питання співвідношення поручительства у вексельному і цивільному праві". Thesis, Університетська книга, 2011. http://dspace.uabs.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5572.

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Požárek, Karel. "Směnka jako zajišťovací institut." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16371.

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This thesis focuses on the application of bill of exchange as a security for a debt and tries to give an extensive review of a judicature, relevant to this theme. First part of the thesis is providing information about essentials of bill of exchange. The thesis body offers the view on issue, acceptance, co acceptance, transfer of a bill of exchange and claiming the creditor's rights. In conclusion the thesis compares various ways of recovery of creditor's claims.
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Books on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Vázquez, Rodolfo Soto. Manual de oposición cambiaria. Editorial Comares, 1992.

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Sachdeva, Updesh Singh. Bill finance & bankers: Legal & practical aspects. UDH Publishers, 1985.

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Sachdeva, Updesh Singh. Bill finance & bankers: Legal & practical aspects. UDH Publishers, 1985.

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Council, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act respecting protests of bills of exchange and promissory notes. Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.

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Moshenskiĭ, S. Z. History of the weksel: Bill of exchange and promissory note. Xlibris Corp, 2008.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Toronto Corn Exchange Association. I.B. Taylor, 2002.

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Pakistan. A comparison of the SECP Bill 2011 with the SECP Act 1997. Pakistan Business Council, Research Unit, 2012.

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Peters, Robert W. The commercial bill market in Australia: An analysis of its origins, development, and operation. Longman Chesire, 1987.

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Services, Fiji Parliament House of Representatives Joint Sector Standing Committee on Economic Services and Administrative. Report of the Joint Sector Standing Committee on Economic Services and Administrative Services on the Financial Transactions Reporting Bill, 2004 (Bill No. 20/2004). House of Representatives, 2004.

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Castañeda, Gonzalo. Macroeconomic consequences of the 1986-87 boom in the Mexican Stock Exchange and treasury bill markets. Garland Pub., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Junli, Cheng. "Bill of Exchange." In Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Economics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4036-9_802.

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Peráček, Tomáš, Boris Mucha, and Patrícia Brestovanská. "Bill of Exchange and Its Application Problems in Slovak Republic." In Finance and Sustainability. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34401-6_19.

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Ponza, Andrea, Simone Scannapieco, Anna Simone, and Claudio Tomazzoli. "Envisioning the Digital Transformation of Financial Documents: A Blockchain-Based Bill of Exchange." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52535-4_9.

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Desmond, Adrian. "6. Founding the Museum." In Reign of the Beast. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0393.06.

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In 1831 Saull moved his business to larger premises at 15 Aldersgate Street. That April he bought James Sowerby’s fossils, added them to his own, and in June declared his wine-depot museum open. In these months, Reform Bill fever was running high. Henry Hetherington started his class-conscious Poor Man’s Guardian, and the museum fossils, arranged stratigraphically, were to show Hetherington’s dispossessed “scum” how life’s perfecting principle promised a brighter future. Accordingly, where Sowerby’s museum had had a hefty entrance fee, Saull’s was free; nor were letters of introduction needed.
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Dvořáková, Zuzana. "Postoupení smlouvy na řad." In Pocta prof. Josefu Bejčkovi k 70. narozeninám. Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0094-2022-19.

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The paper deals with the institute of assignment of a contract concluded to order. It focuses on the general meaning of the clause to order placed in the contract, the possibility of transferring the contract to order by a normal successive contract and the method of legitimacy of the assignee. Finally, it deals with the possibility of a blank tradition of such a contract. The aim is to find out to what extent the legal regulation of endorsements, which is inherently an institute of securities law, is reflected in the institute of contract law and how it affects it. Furthermore, the paper aims
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Munro, John H. "Bullionism and the Bill of Exchange in England, 1272–1663: A Study in Monetary Management and Popular Prejudice." In Bullion Flows and Monetary Policies in England and the Low Countries, 1350-1500. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003554790-4.

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Simmonds, Andy. "Bills of Exchange." In Mastering Financial Accounting. Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18430-9_28.

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Major, W. T. "Bills of Exchange." In Basic English Law. Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20588-2_19.

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O'Brien, D. P. "Bills of Exchange." In Foundations of Monetary Economics, Vol. 5. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003551751-9.

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Sismondi, J. C. L. Simonde de. "Of Bills of Exchange." In New Principles of Political Economy, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003419143-53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Manoleva Mitrovska, Danče. "НАПЛАТА ПОТРАЖИВАЊА БАНКЕ ПО ОСНОВУ УГОВОРА О КРЕДИТУ БАЗИРАН НА МЕНИЦИ И ИСПЛАТА ПОВЕРИЛАЦА У СТЕЧАЈУ ДУЖНИКА". У XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.185mm.

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Payment security upon the Loan Agreement has an important role in the execution of the liabilities which result from the Loan Agreement. Those age legal instruments which those legal instrument have undergone. The bill of exchange in the Macedonian low is an instrument of payment security which enhances the debtor ‘s liability and supports the creditor’s claim. The bill of exchange as an instrument of payment security has many advantages which make it special and which should bring to every creditor enhancement of the claim and increase the chances for collection.This is especially manifested
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Startseva, S. V. "Bill Of Exchange As An Element Of Corporate Finance." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.168.

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Kahky, Yara El. "DYNAMIC INTERRELATION BETWEEN STOCK MARKET INDEX, EXCHANGE RATE, T-BILLS AND POLICY RATE: THE CASE OF EGYPT 2010-2020." In BuPol London 2024–International Conference on Business, Economics & Policy, 20-21 February. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.194-195.

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A robust securities market is the engine of a country's economy. Undoubtedly, the stability and strength of a country's financial intermediaries and secondary market systems determine its overall economic growth. Since 2009, when the secondary market and Egypt’s EGX 30 stock index were established, the Egyptian economy has been on a trajectory of growth. However, Egypt's economy has been facing various economic and financial challenges in recent years because of political instability and social unrest, starting with the 2011 political revolution and the global external shocks such as the Coron
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Marjanović, Uroš, and Goran Dobrić. "OPTIMIZACIJA RADA PROZJUMERA U USLOVIMA DINAMIČKOG TARIFIRANjA." In 35. Savetovanje Srpskog nacionalnog komiteta Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre35.0997m.

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The decarbonization process, that was set to be one of the major global goals, is followed by Renewable Sources of Energy integration, primarily the Sun and the wind, as the major sources of the future. The Sun and the wind, as intermittent sources, have a time variable potential which is significantly less than the conventional power sources’ potential. Consequentially, electrical power of solar and wind power plants is variable which causes variable and high prices on the power exchange market. Every deficit causes the rise of the prices which can affect the price that users pay to the local
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Maydanyk, Roman. "General provisions of digital property law: Categorizing digital assets." In 9th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.09.02011m.

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The relatively recent global emergence of distributed data storage technologies and their various applications are entering a market of digital assets and draw up a new, intangible property class. Consequently, property-legal aspects of using digital assets and emergence of digital property law become increasingly important. These legal issues warrant an integrated and functional approach and are affecting reconsidering of property law and broad understanding of property by categorizing of digital assets as property. Digital assets are a new asset class whose adoption necessitates a transforma
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B., Shatakshy. "‘Rent a Womb Tourism’: Narratives of Unheard Surrogate Mothers in Delhi, India." In 2nd International Conference on Women. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/women.2023.1006.

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Abstract: Commercial Surrogacy is typically understood simplistically, in that a woman carries someone else’s baby in exchange for monetary compensation, a myriad of complexities exists among the intended parents, doctors and the surrogate mothers who invest in the process; emotionally, mentally and financially. Potentially, surrogacy offers one of the most promising opportunities not only for couples to become parents but also for surrogate mothers to earn a living. However, a woman bearing someone else’s child for money is at odds with the patriarchal conception of motherhood that is often v
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Goldman, Aaron, Mohammad Shahidullah, Hwudaurw Chen, Nicholas Delamere, and Katerina Dvorak. "Abstract 4105: Nitric-oxide-mediated inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) is a novel mechanism of bile acid induced damage: Relevance to esophageal carcinogenesis." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4105.

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Marsola, Guilherme Henrique, and Liliana Grubel Nogueira. "The Merchant and the Church in the Middle Ages." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-071.

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Abstract Two realities are intertwined in the context of the Middle Ages: affirmation of the idea of Christianity and the Commercial Revolution. From the middle of the 11th century, the European West presents a process of fragmentation of political power with the rise of the feudal regime, in which local landowners have a higher power than the monarchic authorities (FRANCO JR, 2001), creating a vacuum of political unity and making the Church the only strong and centralized institution in the midst of fragmentation (FOSSIER, POLLY and VAUCHEZ, 2001It is in this context that Christianity takes c
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Pedretti, Camille, Tobias Kjellberg, and Tjiptady Nugroho. "Integrating HRSG Technical Dimensioning in Overall CCPP Cycle Optimization of Performance and Cost." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60064.

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This article presents an initial design methodology of the water/steam cycle of combined-cycle power plants. From prescribed boundary conditions such as the GT type or ambient conditions, the water/steam cycle process model performs a computation and initial design of all key components, leading to cycle performance and cost. Particular focus is given here to the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), a key component for heat integration having a large impact on both plant cost and performance. With the assistance of an optimization toolbox, optimal designs are found with respect to cost and pe
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Albrecht, Kevin J., and Robert J. Braun. "Dynamic Modeling of SOFC Cogeneration Systems for Light Commercial Applications." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6403.

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One potentially attractive application of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is for combined heat and power (CHP) in light commercial buildings. An SOFC-based CHP system can be employed to efficiently serve building thermal and electric loads, thereby lowering utility bills and offering many distributed generation benefits. It is often desirable to operate SOFCs in a predominately base load manner from a hardware viewpoint. However, systems in practice will experience some load dynamics during their lifetime and furthermore, optimal economic dispatch of CHP systems frequently recommends a load-fol
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Reports on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Lazonick, William, and Matt Hopkins. Why the CHIPS Are Down: Stock Buybacks and Subsidies in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp165.

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The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) is promoting the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Act, introduced in Congress in June 2020. An SIA press release describes the bill as “bipartisan legislation that would invest tens of billions of dollars in semiconductor manufacturing incentives and research initiatives over the next 5-10 years to strengthen and sustain American leadership in chip technology, which is essential to our country’s economy and national security.” On June 8, 2021, the Senate approved $52 billion for the CHIPS for America Act, ded
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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo, and Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.

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Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strateg
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