Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bill of exchange

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bill of exchange'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bill of exchange"

1

Forsyth, Christopher. "When is a bill of exchange not a bill of exchange? The effect of an inadvertent deletion." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399271012.

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IT is often to the advantage of a defendant sued on an instrument that appears to be a bill of exchange to argue that it is not. The instrument will then generally not be negotiable and summary judgment will not be available under R.S.C. Order 14. Contractual defences will be able to be raised and counterclaims made. In short, instead of summary proceedings which the defendant would be denied leave to defend, the plaintiff will have to face the delay and expense of a full trial. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. v. G D Trade Co. Ltd. [1998] C.L.C. 238 (C.A.) is an example of this. The defendant alleged that the instruments in question were not payable “at a fixed and determinable future time” as required by section 3(1) of the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 and so not bills.
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Czaplicki, Paweł. "The Electronic Bill of Exchange Concept from an International Perspective." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 26, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2021.26.05.11.

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Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the structures of electronic bills of exchange. It also includes an analysis of the proposed shape of an electronic bill of exchange prepared for the needs of the Polish legal system by the Working Group for distributed registers and blockchain, operating at the Ministry of Digitalization. The comparative and dogmatic methods were used for the analysis. According to the hypothesis put forward by the author, the introduction of the construction of an electronic bill of exchange to the Polish and foreign legal systems is necessary to maintain the functioning and importance of bills of exchange among securities that are traded in the economy. However, the implementation of an electronic promissory note requires appropriate legislative changes, as the current legal status does not allow for an unambiguous statement of the possibility of issuing them.
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ARSLAN, Firdevs. "Kambiyo Senetlerinde Aval The Bill Guarantee in Bills of Exchange." İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 1 (2015): 93–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/iau.hfd.2015.018/hfd_v06i1005.

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Hill, Ronald Paul. "Bill Collectors and Consumers: A Troublesome Exchange Relationship." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 13, no. 1 (March 1994): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569401300102.

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The author examines the interface between bill collectors and consumers through the use of in-depth interviews. One important result is a profile of both bill collectors and consumer debtors that includes an understanding of their beliefs and attitudes toward as well as reactions to each other. To develop this profile, details of the debt collection process, including the activities of bill collectors, the reactions of consumers, and their resulting relationship, are provided. The author closes with public policy implications, further research opportunities, and broader implications for marketers.
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Cvetkova, Irina. "PROMISSORY NOTES’ TERMINALS AS A WAY OF GAMBLING LEGALIZATION IN RUSSIA." Administrative and Criminal Justice 2, no. 87 (June 30, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v2i87.4022.

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With the evolving commodity-money relations the promissory note has gradually become a universal credit-settlement instrument used in business and banking practice. In the XXI century the promissory note market started to be used both for virtual transactioning and for the transactioning not directly related to the receipt of the particular monetary funds and even for the pursuit of the activities under a ban. After the gambling ban at almost the entire territory of the Russian Federation, stock exchange programmes and bill of exchange terminals started to be actively used to legalize gambling. The imperfection of the legal regulations and the court practice cannot solve the problem of such gambling prohibition forms and gambling halls under the bill of exchange guise of clubs continue their work in different regions of Russia. The paper considers the problem of organizing and conducting gambling using the bill of exchange terminals in the Russian Federation, as well as the court practice on the legality of exchange clubs bill of, the corresponding conclusions have been drawn.
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PIEPRZYCA, Piotr. "ANALYSE CONTRASTIVE DE LA TERMINOLOGIE DU DROIT CAMBIAIRE DANS LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET POLONAISE." Comparative Legilinguistics 30 (October 29, 2017): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.30.2.

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The article presents the problem of equivalence between the main terms of the law on bills of exchange in Polish and French. First, the author presents the origins of the bill of exchange and the evolution of the law on bills of exchange from ancient times until the twentieth century when the rules concerning this branch of law were unified at the international level, in the convention concluded in Geneva on 7 June 1930. Afterwards, some terms related to bills of exchange in both language versions of the convention are analyzed in order to create the mini-dictionary of principal terms. Then these results are compared with the equivalents proposed in traditional dictionaries. The aim of this study is to check whether dictionaries are a valuable source for the translator of legal texts in relation to the corpus consisting of texts of international law, written in multiple languages.
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Babangida, Jamilu S., and Asad-Ul I. Khan. "Effect of Monetary Policy on the Nigerian Stock Market: A Smooth Transition Autoregressive Approach." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics 12, No. 1 (August 16, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.12121.1/6.

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This paper examines the nonlinear effect of monetary policy decisions on the performance of the Nigerian Stock Exchange market, by employing the Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model on monthly data from 2013 M4 to 2019 M12 for All Share Index and monetary policy instrument. This study considers the two regimes characterizing the stock market, which are the lower regime (the bear market) and the upper regime (the bull market). The results show evidence of nonlinear effect of monetary policy on the stock exchange market. Monetary policy rate, money supply, lagged monetary policy rate and lagged treasury bill rate are found to have significant positive effects on the stock exchange market in the lower regime while current treasury bill rate shows a negative effect. In the upper regime, money supply and lagged treasury bill rate have significant negative effect on the stock market. The current treasury bill rate is found to have a positive effect on the stock exchange market. It is recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria should maintain a stable money supply growth that is consistent with increased activities in the Nigerian stock market.
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Fianto, Bayu Arie, Nisful Laila, Raditya Sukmana, and Muhammad Madyan. "PREDICTORS OF EXCHANGE RATE RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i1.1169.

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Using historical time-series data, we investigate Indonesia’s exchange rate return predictability. We employ nine predictors, namely stock price, gold price, oil price, commodity price, inflation, balance of payment, total exports, the US T-bill rate, and the US federal fund rate. With historical data, we fail to discover any evidence that these factors predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns. However, we find that oil price, commodity price, inflation, and the US T-bill rate can significantly predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns during the Asian financial crisis. Our findings key implication is that it is the external factors that dominate the evolution of Indonesia’s exchange rate, and inflation rate is the only domestic factor for policy makers to control.
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عارف, عارف علي, خالد زين العابدين ديرشوي, and موفق عبد الحفيظ نورالدين. "حكم السفتجة في الفقه الإسلامي وتطبيقاتها المعاصرة The Rule of the Bill of Exchange in Islamic Jurisprudence and Contemporary Applications." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 13, no. 1 (July 19, 2016): 26–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v13i1.524.

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الملخّصكانت السفتجة ولا تزال توفيراً للجهد والعناء، ورفعاً للضيق، فلولاها لاضُطر المدين إلى نقل مال الوفاء إلى بلـد الدائن، واضُطر الدائن إلى نقل المال إلى بلد المدين، وهذه تكاليف إضافية، الأصل توفيرها، طبقاً لتعاليم شرعنا الحنيف، وقد تكلم الفقهاء في حكمها؛ فأجازوها في حال عدم اشتراط المنفعة في العقد، أو إذا كانت منفعة السفتجة للمقرض والمقترض معاً، أو وجدت حالة ضرورة، أو كان المنفعة للمقترض وحده، ولكنهم اختلفوا في حكمها في حال اشتراط المنفعة في عقد القرض.وبعد عرض آراء الفقهاء في هذه المسألة، وبيان حجج كل رأي، رجَّحنا القول بجواز اشتراط منفعة السفتجة في القرض بشرط ألا يكون فيها ضرر على المدين أو المقترض، كما يمكننا القول أن كلاً من عملية التحويل المصرفي، والكمبيالة ما هي إلا صور مستحدثة من السفتجة في الفقه الإسلامي، وإن كان بينهما بعض الفوارق.وقد اتبعنا في بحثينا هذا المنهج التحليلي المقارن الذي يقوم على دراسة النصوص وتحليلها، ومناقشتها، مبينا صورها وتكييفها الفقهي على ضوء مذاهب الفقهاء وأدلتهم فيها.الكلمات المفتاحية: السفتجة، الدين، القرض، الكمبيالة، الحوالة، التحويلات المصرفية.AbstractThe bill of exchange was introduced as a mechanism to facilitate commerce, ease suffering, and reduce burdens. Without it, the debtor is forced to transfer money owed to the creditor to his/her country. This is an additional cost that should be removed. Muslim jurists have discussed the ruling of the issue and have permitted its practice in the absence of any benefit required in the contract, or if the bill of exchange benefits both the lender and borrower, or in cases of necessity, or if the benefit is for the borrower alone, but they differed in its judgment in the case of a loan contract. After presenting the views of the jurists on this issue and their respective arguments, we have preferred the view permitting benefit from the bill of exchange in loans provided that there is no harm to the debtor or borrower. We assert that all bank transfer processes and remittance are forms of bill of exchange in Islamic jurisprudence, with slight differences between them. This research has adopted the comparative analytical method based on the study of texts and their analysis and discussion, so as to highlight various forms of bill of exchange and legal applications in the light of the views of Muslim jurists and their respective evidence.Key words: Bill of Exchange, Debt, Remittance, Bank Transfers, Legal Application.
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Tooker, Lauren, and Lauren Tooker. "Bill Maurer." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 1 (October 11, 2014): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v2i1.99.

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Professor Bill Maurer is a renowned cultural anthropologist who conducts research on law, property, money and finance, focusing on the technological infrastructures and social relations of exchange and payment. Professor Maurer graduated from Stanford University in 1994 with a PhD in Anthropology. He moved to UC Irvine in 1996 as Assistant Professor, going on to become Chair of UC Irvine’s Department of Anthropology (2005-2011) and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences (2011-2013). In July 2013 he assumed his current role as Dean of UC Irvine’s School of Social Sciences. Professor Maurer has published on topics ranging from offshore financial services to mobile phone-enabled money transfers, Islamic finance, alternative currencies, and the future of money. He is founding director of the Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and was the founding co-director of the Intel Science and Technology Center in Social Computing. He is the editor of six collections, as well as the author of Recharting the Caribbean: Land, Law and Citizenship in the British Virgin Islands (1997), Pious Property: Islamic Mortgages in the United States (2006), and Mutual Life, Limited: Islamic Banking, Alternative Currencies, Lateral Reason (2005). The latter received the Victor Turner Prize in 2005. Professor Maurer visited the University of Warwick in September 2014 under the auspices of Warwick’s Global Governance GRP.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Špotová, Jana. "Směnečný formalismus a vývoj jeho pojetí v judikatuře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205410.

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The topic of this thesis is bill formalism and development of its concept in the judicature. The thesis deals mainly with requirements of a bill of exchange, which are set by law, as well as with the effect of the failure to meet the correct form of these requirements on validity of bills of exchange. This issue is analysed especially with regard to its concept in the Czech judicature. The first chapter deals with theoretical aspects of the topic, namely with description of the basic legal regulation of exchange law, the characteristics of a bill of exchange and defining the kinds of bills and special types of them. The second chapter focuses on basic requirements of a bill of exchange set by law, which are analysed in particular with regard to their impact on the validity of the bill of exchange. Individual parts of the chapter deal with the following requirements of bills of exchange: 1.indication that it is a bill of exchange, included in the text of the instrument, expressed in the language in which the instrument is drawn up, 2. unconditional order (promise) to pay a certain financial sum, 3. the name of who is to pay, 4. information on maturity, 5. information on the place where payment is to be, 6. the name of the person to whom or to whose order payment is to be, 7. date and place of issue of bill of exchange, 8. signature of the drawer. The third chapter contains issue that is closely connected with the introduction of the above-mentioned requirements on a bill of exchange and which also reflects the formal character of a bill of exchange. The first part of this chapter concentrates on the bill forms, with whose character certain specific problems are related. The second part of this chapter deals with issues of graphic layout of a bill, which has also significant importance in terms of bill formalism.
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Blenman, Lloyd P. "Implicit forward and future relations in the T-Bill market /." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1271849561.

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Blenman, Lloyd P. "Implicit forward and futures relations in the T-Bill market." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1271849561.

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Мальований, А. О. "Правове регулювання поручительства у вексельному праві України." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68673.

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У роботі проведено комплексний аналіз інституту вексельного поручительства, виявлення основних проблем його розвитку та розроблення пропозицій щодо їх вирішення. Зокрема, висвітлено основні етапи історичного розвитку вексельного поручительства, надано правову характеристику сутності авалю та виділено його види; проведено порівняльний аналіз інститутів поручительства у вексельному та цивільному праві. Висвітлено проблеми уніфікації міжнародного вексельного законодавства щодо правового регулювання вексельного поручительства та запропонувати шляхи вирішення проблем розвитку вексельного поручительства в Україні.
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Скрипник, В. Л. "Вексель як об’єкт цивільних прав: сучасні проблеми." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/79082.

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Підписавши Угоду про асоціацію з Європейським Союзом, України зробила перші кроки для подальшої інтеграції в глобальний економічний простір, успішність якого залежить від швидкості адаптації вітчизняного законодавства до європейських стандартів. Зазначимо, що подальший розвиток цивільного законодавства не обов’язково пов’язаний із необхідністю його нової кодифікації, і, як слушно зазначається, сьогодні достатньо обмежитися рекодифікацією з метою адаптації вітчизняного цивільного законодавства до сучасного концепту приватного прав [7, с. 6]. На відміну від попередніх вітчизняних кодифікацій цивільного законодавства Цивільний кодекс України (далі – ЦК) вперше виокремив спеціальну главу "Об’єкти цивільних прав". Серед таких об’єктів у ст. 177 ЦК законодавець називає цінні папери, а у частині 2 ст. 195 ЦК "Групи та види цінних паперів" згадуються боргові цінні папери, які засвідчують відносини позики і передбачають зобов’язання емітента сплатити у визначений строк кошти, передати товари або надати послуги відповідно до зобов’язання.
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Wong, Alan 1954. "Futures-Forward Price Differences and Efficiency in the Treasury Bill Futures Market." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330688/.

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This study addressed two issues. First, it examined the ability of two models, developed by Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (CIR), to explain the differences between futures and implicit forward prices in the thirteen-week T-bill market. The models imply that if future interest rates are stochastic, futures and forward prices differ; the structural difference is due to the daily settlement process required in futures trading. Second, the study determined the efficiency of the thirteen-week T-bill futures market using volatility and regression tests. Volatility tests use variance bounds to examine whether futures prices are excessively volatile for the market to be efficient. Regression tests investigate whether futures prices are unbiased predictors of future spot prices. The study was limited to analysis of the first three futures contracts, using weekly price data as reported in the Wall Street Journal from March, 1976 to December, 1984. Testing of the first CIR model involved determination of whether changes in futures-forward price differences are related to changes in local covariances between T-bill futures and bond prices. The same procedure applied in testing the second model with respect to changes in futures-forward price differences, local covariances between T-bill spot and bond prices, and local variances of bond prices. Volatility tests of market efficiency involved comparison of mean variances on both sides of two inequality equations. Regression tests involved determination of whether slope coefficients are significantly different from zero.
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Knéblová, Hana. "Směnka a reálné možnosti jejího využití v praxi českých bank." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74207.

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The thesis on "The Bill and real possibilities of its use in the practice of Czech banks" is focused on the characteristics of bills as a directing and payment instrument and possible ways of its use, taking into account both economic and legal aspects. This work includes a wide range of banking products, in which the bills are used, indicating their advantages and disadvantages too. The conclusion provides justification for attractiveness of bills for the banks, but also the reasons for which it is viewed by public with some skepticism.
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Sieber, Claudia. "Schweizerischer Wechsel - U.S. Bill of Exchange und Promissory Note : ein materiellrechtlicher Vergleich des schweizerischen Wechsels mit den amerikanischen Handelspapieren Bill of Exchange und Promissory Note unter Berücksichtigung des Prozessrechts und der UNCITRAL Konvention über ein einheitliches internationales Wechselrecht /." Zürich : Schulthess, Polygraph. Verl, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272321265.pdf.

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Мирославський, Сергій Володимирович, Сергей Владимирович Мирославский, and Serhii Volodymyrovych Myroslavskyi. "До питання співвідношення поручительства у вексельному і цивільному праві." Thesis, Університетська книга, 2011. http://dspace.uabs.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5572.

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Požárek, Karel. "Směnka jako zajišťovací institut." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16371.

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This thesis focuses on the application of bill of exchange as a security for a debt and tries to give an extensive review of a judicature, relevant to this theme. First part of the thesis is providing information about essentials of bill of exchange. The thesis body offers the view on issue, acceptance, co acceptance, transfer of a bill of exchange and claiming the creditor's rights. In conclusion the thesis compares various ways of recovery of creditor's claims.
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Books on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Vázquez, Rodolfo Soto. Manual de oposición cambiaria. Granada: Editorial Comares, 1992.

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Council, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act respecting protests of bills of exchange and promissory notes. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.

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Sachdeva, Updesh Singh. Bill finance & bankers: Legal & practical aspects. Delhi, India: UDH Publishers, 1985.

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Sachdeva, Updesh Singh. Bill finance & bankers: Legal & practical aspects. Delhi, India: UDH Publishers, 1985.

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Moshenskiĭ, S. Z. History of the weksel: Bill of exchange and promissory note. [Place of publication not indicated]: Xlibris Corp, 2008.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Toronto Corn Exchange Association. Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.

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Pakistan. A comparison of the SECP Bill 2011 with the SECP Act 1997. Karachi: Pakistan Business Council, Research Unit, 2012.

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Peters, Robert W. The commercial bill market in Australia: An analysis of its origins, development, and operation. Melbourne, Australia: Longman Chesire, 1987.

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Services, Fiji Parliament House of Representatives Joint Sector Standing Committee on Economic Services and Administrative. Report of the Joint Sector Standing Committee on Economic Services and Administrative Services on the Financial Transactions Reporting Bill, 2004 (Bill No. 20/2004). Fiji: House of Representatives, 2004.

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Castañeda, Gonzalo. Macroeconomic consequences of the 1986-87 boom in the Mexican Stock Exchange and treasury bill markets. New York: Garland Pub., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Peráček, Tomáš, Boris Mucha, and Patrícia Brestovanská. "Bill of Exchange and Its Application Problems in Slovak Republic." In Finance and Sustainability, 225–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34401-6_19.

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Ponza, Andrea, Simone Scannapieco, Anna Simone, and Claudio Tomazzoli. "Envisioning the Digital Transformation of Financial Documents: A Blockchain-Based Bill of Exchange." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 81–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52535-4_9.

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Major, W. T. "Bills of Exchange." In Basic English Law, 244–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20588-2_19.

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Simmonds, Andy. "Bills of Exchange." In Mastering Financial Accounting, 401–5. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18430-9_28.

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Ní Dhubhghaill, Sorcha, and Clare Quigley. "The BIL Exchange Technique." In Innovative Implantation Technique, 111–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03086-5_13.

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Bhogal, Tarsem Singh, and Arun Kumar Trivedi. "Bills of Exchange, Collections, Purchasing and Discounting." In International Trade Finance, 20–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594326_5.

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Bhogal, Tarsem, and Arun Trivedi. "Bills of Exchange, Collections, Purchasing and Discounting." In International Trade Finance, 25–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24540-5_5.

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Judge, Stephen. "Bills of Exchange, Cheques, Credit and Debit Cards." In Business Law, 450–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14962-9_15.

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Marsden, Michael. "Cheques and Bills of Exchange: The Paying and Collecting Banker." In The Practice of Banking , Part 1, 111–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4962-1_5.

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Fox, D., RJC Munday, B. Soyer, AM Tettenborn, and PG Turner. "19. Bills of exchange." In Sealy and Hooley's Commercial Law, 618–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198842149.003.0019.

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This chapter focuses on bills of exchange, especially in the context of international trade. It first provides an overview of how bills of exchange are used as a method of payment before discussing the relevant provisions of the Bills of Exchange Act 1882. It then considers the definition of a bill of exchange, how a bill of exchange is transferred, and persons entitled to the benefit of the obligation on the bill. It also examines the general principles governing liability on the bill of exchange as well as the enforcement and discharge of the bill. Finally, it looks at mistaken payment, focusing on cases where the payment was received in good faith and in ignorance of the mistake.
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Conference papers on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Startseva, S. V. "Bill Of Exchange As An Element Of Corporate Finance." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.168.

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Goldman, Aaron, Mohammad Shahidullah, Hwudaurw Chen, Nicholas Delamere, and Katerina Dvorak. "Abstract 4105: Nitric-oxide-mediated inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) is a novel mechanism of bile acid induced damage: Relevance to esophageal carcinogenesis." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4105.

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Pedretti, Camille, Tobias Kjellberg, and Tjiptady Nugroho. "Integrating HRSG Technical Dimensioning in Overall CCPP Cycle Optimization of Performance and Cost." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60064.

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This article presents an initial design methodology of the water/steam cycle of combined-cycle power plants. From prescribed boundary conditions such as the GT type or ambient conditions, the water/steam cycle process model performs a computation and initial design of all key components, leading to cycle performance and cost. Particular focus is given here to the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), a key component for heat integration having a large impact on both plant cost and performance. With the assistance of an optimization toolbox, optimal designs are found with respect to cost and performance. The process model allows a number of water/steam cycle configurations. Features include the number of pressure levels, the choice of single or double reheat, options for supplementary firing in the HRSG, heat integration with GT coolers, fuel gas preheating and steam extraction from the steam turbine. From prescribed thermodynamic inputs, the model computes and/or selects key components and systems from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) portfolio: HRSG, piping, steam turbine, condenser and generator. For each key component and system, the performance and cost are derived. The initial design of the HRSG fully integrates all interfaces and is supported by a sub-optimization step, which provides proper surfacing and sequencing of heat exchanger components with the target of minimizing cost. To achieve the required accuracy, the HRSG is first designed technically in detail, namely dimensioning and material selection of finned tubes, structural steel, casing and insulation. The resulting partial bill of quantities is then converted into cost, applying appropriate material rates. This approach guarantees full sensitivity of the model to mass flow, pressure or temperature changes at any location in the HRSG. Coupled to this process model, the multi-objective optimization toolbox allows identifying the pareto front for plant net performance and plant cost, clearly two conflicting objectives. In the example application of a KA26–1 combined-cycle power plant, steps are identified on the pareto front, which can be associated with the number of HRSG modules. For selected project economic conditions and plant operation profile, the pareto front can be post-processed to identify the design with minimum COE or maximum project NPV. Simultaneous optimization of the complete cycle ensures the best possible integration of all key components. Flexibility, speed and effectiveness of the methodology allow exploring many cycle variants, maximizing the chances of finding the global plant optimum in less time. Having been thoroughly validated, the initial design methodology is applicable for development of standard plants as well as integration of specific customer requirements.
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Albrecht, Kevin J., and Robert J. Braun. "Dynamic Modeling of SOFC Cogeneration Systems for Light Commercial Applications." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6403.

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One potentially attractive application of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is for combined heat and power (CHP) in light commercial buildings. An SOFC-based CHP system can be employed to efficiently serve building thermal and electric loads, thereby lowering utility bills and offering many distributed generation benefits. It is often desirable to operate SOFCs in a predominately base load manner from a hardware viewpoint. However, systems in practice will experience some load dynamics during their lifetime and furthermore, optimal economic dispatch of CHP systems frequently recommends a load-following strategy. Thus, the present work is motivated by the need to understand the dynamic response capabilities of SOFC-CHP systems. Part-load performance and dynamic load-following capabilities of a 24 kW planar SOFC system for light commercial applications was investigated through computational modeling. The SOFC and balance-of-plant component models were implemented in gPROMS modeling software. The modeling strategy of each system component and associated transients are discussed. A dynamic SOFC channel-level model, which has been verified against experimental cell data, was integrated with additional balance-of-plant (BOP) component models consisting of a fuel reformer, tail gas combustor, turbomachinery, heat exchangers, and bypass valves. The performance of the system at part-load operation displays increases in electrical efficiency and decreases in CHP efficiency, as well as a more uniform PEN temperature profile. Modeling comparisons between the responses of systems consisting of either dynamic or steady-state BOP component models are reported. A fully dynamic system-level model displays anodic fuel depletion effects and waste heat recovery transients not captured by the steady-state models. The dynamics influence the ability of an SOFC system to load follow indicating when thermal and electric storage may be necessary.
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Reports on the topic "Bill of exchange"

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Lazonick, William, and Matt Hopkins. Why the CHIPS Are Down: Stock Buybacks and Subsidies in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp165.

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The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) is promoting the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Act, introduced in Congress in June 2020. An SIA press release describes the bill as “bipartisan legislation that would invest tens of billions of dollars in semiconductor manufacturing incentives and research initiatives over the next 5-10 years to strengthen and sustain American leadership in chip technology, which is essential to our country’s economy and national security.” On June 8, 2021, the Senate approved $52 billion for the CHIPS for America Act, dedicated to supporting the U.S. semiconductor industry over the next decade. As of this writing, the Act awaits approval in the House of Representatives. This paper highlights a curious paradox: Most of the SIA corporate members now lobbying for the CHIPS for America Act have squandered past support that the U.S. semiconductor industry has received from the U.S. government for decades by using their corporate cash to do buybacks to boost their own companies’ stock prices. Among the SIA corporate signatories of the letter to President Biden, the five largest stock repurchasers—Intel, IBM, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, and Broadcom—did a combined $249 billion in buybacks over the decade 2011-2020, equal to 71 percent of their profits and almost five times the subsidies over the next decade for which the SIA is lobbying. In addition, among the members of the Semiconductors in America Coalition (SIAC), formed specifically in May 2021 to lobby Congress for the passage of the CHIPS for America Act, are Apple, Microsoft, Cisco, and Google. These firms spent a combined $633 billion on buybacks during 2011-2020. That is about 12 times the government subsidies provided under the CHIPS for America Act to support semiconductor fabrication in the United States in the upcoming decade. If the Congress wants to achieve the legislation’s stated purpose of promoting major new investments in semiconductors, it needs to deal with this paradox. It could, for example, require the SIA and SIAC to extract pledges from its member corporations that they will cease doing stock buybacks as open-market repurchases over the next ten years. Such regulation could be a first step in rescinding Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b-18, which has since 1982 been a major cause of extreme income inequality and loss of global industrial competitiveness in the United States.
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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo, and Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.

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Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.
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