To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bill of exchange.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bill of exchange'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bill of exchange.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Špotová, Jana. "Směnečný formalismus a vývoj jeho pojetí v judikatuře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205410.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of this thesis is bill formalism and development of its concept in the judicature. The thesis deals mainly with requirements of a bill of exchange, which are set by law, as well as with the effect of the failure to meet the correct form of these requirements on validity of bills of exchange. This issue is analysed especially with regard to its concept in the Czech judicature. The first chapter deals with theoretical aspects of the topic, namely with description of the basic legal regulation of exchange law, the characteristics of a bill of exchange and defining the kinds of bills and special types of them. The second chapter focuses on basic requirements of a bill of exchange set by law, which are analysed in particular with regard to their impact on the validity of the bill of exchange. Individual parts of the chapter deal with the following requirements of bills of exchange: 1.indication that it is a bill of exchange, included in the text of the instrument, expressed in the language in which the instrument is drawn up, 2. unconditional order (promise) to pay a certain financial sum, 3. the name of who is to pay, 4. information on maturity, 5. information on the place where payment is to be, 6. the name of the person to whom or to whose order payment is to be, 7. date and place of issue of bill of exchange, 8. signature of the drawer. The third chapter contains issue that is closely connected with the introduction of the above-mentioned requirements on a bill of exchange and which also reflects the formal character of a bill of exchange. The first part of this chapter concentrates on the bill forms, with whose character certain specific problems are related. The second part of this chapter deals with issues of graphic layout of a bill, which has also significant importance in terms of bill formalism.
2
Blenman, Lloyd P. "Implicit forward and future relations in the T-Bill market /." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1271849561.
Full text
3
Blenman, Lloyd P. "Implicit forward and futures relations in the T-Bill market." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1271849561.
Full text
4
Мальований, А. О. "Правове регулювання поручительства у вексельному праві України." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68673.
Full textAbstract:
У роботі проведено комплексний аналіз інституту вексельного поручительства, виявлення основних проблем його розвитку та розроблення пропозицій щодо їх вирішення. Зокрема, висвітлено основні етапи історичного розвитку вексельного поручительства, надано правову характеристику сутності авалю та виділено його види; проведено порівняльний аналіз інститутів поручительства у вексельному та цивільному праві. Висвітлено проблеми уніфікації міжнародного вексельного законодавства щодо правового регулювання вексельного поручительства та запропонувати шляхи вирішення проблем розвитку вексельного поручительства в Україні.
5
Скрипник, В. Л. "Вексель як об’єкт цивільних прав: сучасні проблеми." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/79082.
Full textAbstract:
Підписавши Угоду про асоціацію з Європейським Союзом, України зробила перші кроки для подальшої інтеграції в глобальний економічний простір, успішність якого залежить від швидкості адаптації вітчизняного законодавства до європейських стандартів. Зазначимо, що подальший розвиток цивільного законодавства не обов’язково пов’язаний із необхідністю його нової кодифікації, і, як слушно зазначається, сьогодні достатньо обмежитися рекодифікацією з метою адаптації вітчизняного цивільного законодавства до сучасного концепту приватного прав [7, с. 6]. На відміну від попередніх вітчизняних кодифікацій цивільного законодавства Цивільний кодекс України (далі – ЦК) вперше виокремив спеціальну главу "Об’єкти цивільних прав". Серед таких об’єктів у ст. 177 ЦК законодавець називає цінні папери, а у частині 2 ст. 195 ЦК "Групи та види цінних паперів" згадуються боргові цінні папери, які засвідчують відносини позики і передбачають зобов’язання емітента сплатити у визначений строк кошти, передати товари або надати послуги відповідно до зобов’язання.
6
Wong, Alan 1954. "Futures-Forward Price Differences and Efficiency in the Treasury Bill Futures Market." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330688/.
Full textAbstract:
This study addressed two issues. First, it examined the ability of two models, developed by Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (CIR), to explain the differences between futures and implicit forward prices in the thirteen-week T-bill market. The models imply that if future interest rates are stochastic, futures and forward prices differ; the structural difference is due to the daily settlement process required in futures trading. Second, the study determined the efficiency of the thirteen-week T-bill futures market using volatility and regression tests. Volatility tests use variance bounds to examine whether futures prices are excessively volatile for the market to be efficient. Regression tests investigate whether futures prices are unbiased predictors of future spot prices. The study was limited to analysis of the first three futures contracts, using weekly price data as reported in the Wall Street Journal from March, 1976 to December, 1984. Testing of the first CIR model involved determination of whether changes in futures-forward price differences are related to changes in local covariances between T-bill futures and bond prices. The same procedure applied in testing the second model with respect to changes in futures-forward price differences, local covariances between T-bill spot and bond prices, and local variances of bond prices. Volatility tests of market efficiency involved comparison of mean variances on both sides of two inequality equations. Regression tests involved determination of whether slope coefficients are significantly different from zero.
7
Knéblová, Hana. "Směnka a reálné možnosti jejího využití v praxi českých bank." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74207.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis on "The Bill and real possibilities of its use in the practice of Czech banks" is focused on the characteristics of bills as a directing and payment instrument and possible ways of its use, taking into account both economic and legal aspects. This work includes a wide range of banking products, in which the bills are used, indicating their advantages and disadvantages too. The conclusion provides justification for attractiveness of bills for the banks, but also the reasons for which it is viewed by public with some skepticism.
8
Sieber, Claudia. "Schweizerischer Wechsel - U.S. Bill of Exchange und Promissory Note : ein materiellrechtlicher Vergleich des schweizerischen Wechsels mit den amerikanischen Handelspapieren Bill of Exchange und Promissory Note unter Berücksichtigung des Prozessrechts und der UNCITRAL Konvention über ein einheitliches internationales Wechselrecht /." Zürich : Schulthess, Polygraph. Verl, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272321265.pdf.
Full text
9
Мирославський, Сергій Володимирович, Сергей Владимирович Мирославский, and Serhii Volodymyrovych Myroslavskyi. "До питання співвідношення поручительства у вексельному і цивільному праві." Thesis, Університетська книга, 2011. http://dspace.uabs.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5572.
Full text
10
Požárek, Karel. "Směnka jako zajišťovací institut." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16371.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the application of bill of exchange as a security for a debt and tries to give an extensive review of a judicature, relevant to this theme. First part of the thesis is providing information about essentials of bill of exchange. The thesis body offers the view on issue, acceptance, co acceptance, transfer of a bill of exchange and claiming the creditor's rights. In conclusion the thesis compares various ways of recovery of creditor's claims.
11
Dohnalová, Markéta. "Platební podmínka v kupní smlouvě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16512.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is dedicated to the practical application of the bill of exchange and cheque law from 1950. In the introduction is mentioned the meaning and main functions of payment condition in sales cantract in general. Following chapters contens description of bill of exchange and cheque as payment instruments and especially their usage in the practice and explication of the law from the 1950.
12
Charvátová, Hana. "Směnka jako zajišťovací institut." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16994.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the bill of exchange, which fulfils a specific funkction. It is s security for a debt. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is concerned with the legal regulations of the bill of exchange generally. The second part deals with the bill of exchange as a security for a debt. This part completes the first part. The last part is concerned with the practical use of the bill of exchange within the bank credit.
13
Rainer, Franz. ""Was zieht man, wenn man einen Wechsel zieht?" Zum Ursprung von frz. tirer une lettre de change sur qqn." DeGruyter, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2015-0029.
Full textAbstract:
The article explains the origin of the French expression tirer une lettre de change, which is opaque for present-day speakers. Originally, it was the money that was drawn (home) by means of a bill of exchange, but already in the second half of the 16th century the verb tirer "to draw" could also take as a direct object the bill itself, thereby obscuring the original meaning.
14
Průchová, Vlasta. "Užití směnek v praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15661.
Full textAbstract:
The graduation thesis deals with bills of exchange/promissory notes with the focus on their present possibilities of use. Thus, the thesis combines the legal point of view with the practical point of view. First part of the thesis provides basic information about bills of exchange/promissory notes and their specific qualities. Furthermore, this part concerns about declarations made on them such as acceptance, aval and endorsement. The second part focuses on economic importance of bills of exchange/promissory notes and reveals different functions bills of exchange/promissory notes can have. At the end there is an overview summing up both parts.
15
Gamal, Eldine Nabil. "L'encadrement juridique de "Documents Transférables Électroniques"." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD044/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’intérêt de la présente recherche est d'étudier d’une manière générale les communications électroniques dans le commerce international, et puis à titre particulier d’interpeler les nouveaux défis qui relèveraient de l’utilisation des "documents transférables électroniques", en réfléchissant sur les différentes approches et les méthodes à adopter afin de remédier aux éventuelles déficiences technologiques, identifier puis combler les lacunes juridiques qui se révéler lors de ces échanges. Il s’agirait donc d’une enquête sur les questions juridiques liées à la création, à l’utilisation et à l’exécution du "document transférable électronique" ; il s’agit d’un terme crée par la CNUDCI, ce qui renvoie d’une manière générale à l’équivalent électronique d’un instrument transférable négociable ou d’un document titre. Nous identifions principalement les trois grands axes. Premièrement, la protection des données personnelles. Elle fait l’objet de plusieurs réformes législatives. La plus récente est le Règlement européen 2016/679 du 27 avril 2016 qui vise à promouvoir l’utilisation de l’outil informatique, tout en accordant la protection appropriée aux données à caractère personnel. Deuxièmement, l'exigence d’unicité d’un document transférable (« Garantie de singularité »). La garantie de l’unicité d’un document exige qu’il soit le seul qui existe ou bien, que toute copie soit clairement identifiable comme telle. Les conséquences éventuelles de la reproduction non autorisée de tout document transférable électronique donnant au porteur ou au bénéficiaire le droit de demander la remise de marchandises ou le paiement d’une somme d’argent rendent nécessaire l’élaboration de mécanismes pour garantir l’unicité de ces instruments. Troisièmement, la possession du ‘document transférable électronique’ et la notion de contrôle pour l’identification du porteur. Outre le traitement de la question de l’exigence de la singularité, la recherche d’un mécanisme fonctionnellement applicable et équivalent pour satisfaire à l’exigence de la possession matérielle du document papier constitue un défi majeur. Dans la plupart des modèles juridiques régissant les documents transférables électroniquement, la notion de “contrôle” d’un document électronique est utilisée en tant qu’équivalent fonctionnel de la possession ; cela signifie que la personne qui exerce le contrôle du document transférable électronique est considérée comme le porteur habilité à s’en prévaloir. Ces documents électroniques sont gérés par des prestataires de confiance qualifiés pour garantir leur sécuritéThe interest of this research is to study in general, the electronic communications in an international context, and then to focus on the ongoing challenges that occur on the field of "electronic transferable documents"; for this we shall perceive the methods that have been adopted for the purpose of using such documents, in order to prevent eventual technological deficiencies, identifying and filling the legal gaps revealed throughout our study of these new challenges.Therefore we shall comprehend and defy the legal boundaries, in order to create, use and transfer "electronic transferable documents". It is a pre-requisite to clearly identify the subject of this study, which is the term 'electronic transferable record, a concept created by UNCITRAL, which refers generally to ' Electronic equivalent of a transferable record (negotiable or non-negotiable) or a document of a legal right.We shall identify the three following main topics:I. The protection of personal data and privacy has been subject to several legislative reforms. The most recent one is the European Regulation 2016/679 dated April 27th, 2016. This reform aims to promote the use of the IT (Information Technology) tools, while granting the appropriate protection to the personal data. These electronic records are managed by qualified services providers.II. Requirement for uniqueness of the record ("Guarantee of uniqueness")The guarantee of the uniqueness of the document is to ensure that there is only one possible holder and owner of that document, as in the case of paper document, and that any copy is clearly identifiable as such. As a result of an unauthorized reproduction of any electronic transferable record, any such holder or beneficiary shall have the right to request delivery of goods or the payment of a certain sum of money; thus the need to insure the uniqueness of these electronic records.III. The possession of an electronic transferable record.In addition to the above, the need to identify a functional equivalent approach to satisfy the requirement of possession in the case of electronic transferable document, which is a major challenge.IV. Concept of control and identification of the holderIn most legal models governing electronic transferable records, the definition of "control" of an electronic document is used as a functional equivalent to possession. That is, the person who controls the electronic transferable record is deemed to be the holder and the one entitled to use it
16
Štrossová, Šárka. "Srovnání platebních zajišťovacích instrumentů používaných v zahraničním obchodě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196537.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical and practical. In first part hedging instruments, namely the Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Bill of Exchange, Factoring, Forfaiting and Bank Guarantee are analyzed. The aim of analysis is to describe the basic characteristics of instruments and course of these instruments. Subsequently, the instruments are compared to each other on the basis of the advantages and disadvatages they bring to participants. The next part is devoted to an analysis of charges associated with the use of particular hedging instruments in selected banks and the comparison of instruments based on selected criteria. The specific use of the hedging instrument is shown in the case study.
17
Malassigné, Vincent. "Les titres représentatifs : essai sur la représentation juridique des biens par des titres en droit privé." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020062.
Full textAbstract:
Il est fréquent d’affirmer qu’un titre représenterait un bien : une lettre de change représenterait une créance de somme d’argent, un connaissement représenterait une marchandise, une inscription en compte représenterait une valeur mobilière, un « depositary receipt» représenterait une action étrangère … Il s’agirait donc de « titres représentatifs ». Mais que recouvre cette formule ? Traduit-elle l’existence d’un véritable mécanisme de représentation des biens par des titres en droit privé ou s’agit-il d’un abus de langage ? Dans un premier temps, l’étude des titres représentatifs permet d’établir l’existence de la représentation juridique des biens par des titres en droit privé, qui constitue alors le pendant de la représentation des personnes. Il apparaît toutefois que ce mécanisme n’est pas unitaire et c’est pourquoi il convient de distinguer deux techniques de représentation juridique des biens par des titres : la représentation parfaite d’un bien par un titre et la représentation imparfaite d’un ensemble de biens réunis au sein d’un patrimoine d’affectation par des titres. Dans un second temps, l’analyse de la mise en oeuvre de la représentation juridique des biens par des titres en droit privé, réalisée en vue d’éprouver la pertinence de la théorie dégagée, montre qu’il n’est pas toujours possible de créer librement tout type de titres représentatifs concernant des biens de toute nature. La liberté ne joue que pour les titres représentatifs parfaits de certains biens. L’étude de la mise en oeuvre de ce mécanisme souligne par ailleurs que la création d’un titre représentatif induit des difficultés auxquelles il convient de pallier en édictant un certain nombre de règlesIt is common to assert that a document represents property: a bill of exchange is said to represent a receivable, a bill of lading to represent goods, a book-entry account to represent a security or a depositary receipt to represent shares, etc. These are therefore “documents of title”. However, what does this mean? Is it a genuine mechanism to represent property by documents in private law or is it a misnomer? First, a study of such documents will establish the existence of legal representation of property by certificates in private law, equivalent to the representation of persons. However, it would seem not to bea unitary mechanism and a distinction must therefore be made between two techniques of legal representation of property by documents: the direct representation of property by a document and the indirect representation of a set of properties assembled in a fiduciary trust by certificates. Next, an analysis of implementation of the legal representation of property by certificates in private law, conducted to test the relevance of the theory, shows that it is not always possible to create any type of such documents freely for any kind of property. Such freedom applies only to documents that are directly representative of certain property. A study of the implementation of this mechanism also emphasizes that the creation of a document of title leads to difficulties that may be overcome by enacting some rules
18
Jacob, Timothée. "Cession de créance et opposabilité." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA035/document.
Full textAbstract:
Technique de connection d'un élément juridique à son environnement, l'opposabilité présente un caractère crucial pour les opérations translatives de créances en ce que l'efficacité de l'opération va en dépendre dans un contexte d'enchevêtrement des relations juridiques. L'accomplissement d'une formalité d'opposabilité, distincte du transfert de propriété inter partes et de la possession, va permettre à l'opération de s'intégrer dans le système juridique en paralysant certains événements telles les cessions concurrentes et la procédure collective du cédant. L'allègement constaté du formalisme d'opposabilité appelle une protection adéquate des droits des tiers. La cession ne sera pas hermétique à son milieu, puisque l'opposabilité de certains éléments juridiques va avoir un impact sur l'opération conclue par les parties. Consolidée par la technique d'opposabilité, la cession sera vulnérable au rayonnement de l'objet du transfert ainsi qu'à certains droits réels et personnels externesAs a technique connecting a legal element to its environment, "opposabilité" is a crucial caracter to assignment of receivables, as it will determine the efficiency of the operation in a context of entanglement of legal relations. The accomplishment of an "opposabilité" formality, distinct from the transfer of the property right between the parties and from possession, will enable the transfert to integrate the legal system by paralysing certains events, as for example competing assignments or the bankruptcy of the assignor. The identified lightening of the "opposabilité" formalism requires an adequate protection of the rights of third parties. The assignment will not be hermetic to its environment, as the radiation of certain legal elements will have an impact ont the contract concluded by the parties. Consolidated by the "opposabilité" technique, the assignment will remain vulnerable to the influence of the object of the transfert and to external real and personal rights
19
Leonard, Danièle. "Adsorption of bile acids by ion-exchange resins." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74309.
Full textAbstract:
The interactions of cholestyramine with bile acids in aqueous buffer solutions were studied by in vitro adsorption experiments. Application of the Donnan theory, which is based on ion partitioning between two phases, indicates that the adsorption is an ion-exchange process--the bile acid anion displaces the chloride counter-ion of cholestyramine. Donnan considerations indicate that the bile acid in the resin phase exists in two forms, bound and unbound, but at higher Ceq the bound form is increasingly favoured. Since the concentrations of bound bile acid in the resin phase are above the critical micellar concentration, micelle-type ordering is occurring. It is also possible that the unbound bile acid in the resin phase aggregates to form "regular" micelles. The micellization promotes the partitioning of glycocholic acid into the resin phase, explaining the ability of cholestyramine to adsorb glycocholic acid significantly, in vitro.Ion-exchange resins were prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis with active sites chosen to resemble those of cholestyramine. They were produced by coupling 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid, 4-aminophenylacetic acid or 4-(aminomethyl)phenylacetic acid to the backbone. The ion-exchange resins were prepared both as primary amines and in the quaternized form. The cholestyramine-like sorbents were synthesized with systematic changes in the structure, to determine which structural parts of cholestyramine are involved in the adsorption process. As compared to cholestyramine, both sets of resins were remarkably ineffective in adsorbing bile acids in vitro. It was found that the nature of the backbone determines the accessibility to the active site; that the resins with the methylene group positioned between the phenyl group and the amino group have higher adsorption capacity for glycocholic acid; and that quaternization increases the adsorption capacity. The two latter observations indicate the importance of the basicity of the active site. Therefore, in cholestyramine, the backbone is such that it permits the transfer of ionic species and the quaternary ammonium group is involved in the interaction with bile acids.
Computer modelling showed that the cholestyramine pendants are close to one another and are separated by benzene rings, thus leaving too little space between them to allow a bile acid molecule to interact with the benzene rings. Therefore, the bile acids must interact with the quaternary ammonium group, leaving the bile acid molecule inside the cavity where they interact with one another to form micelles. The possible modes of interactions of bile acids with the synthesized resins are more numerous since the pendants are not as close together. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
20
Ling-Fan, Li. "Bullion, bills and arbitrage : exchange markets in fourteenth- to seventeenth-century Europe." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/538/.
Full textAbstract:
Two drawbacks of current empirical studies on late medieval financial market integration are: the use of low frequency data; and the lack of a benchmark for comparison. As a result, there is a tendency to underestimate the degree of integration and one has no clear idea about whether the estimated degree of integration is high or low by the standards of the time. Consequently, there is not yet a satisfactory answer as to how integrated and efficient financial markets were in the late Middle Ages and early modern era. In tackling these two problems, this thesis employs monthly and weekly exchange rates to measure the degree of exchange market integration and the results are judged using the speed of communication as a benchmark since the flow of information played a critical role in financial arbitrage. Therefore, this thesis is able to show that exchange markets were already well integrated in the late fourteenth century. From then to the late seventeenth century, the high speed of adjustment to profitable opportunities was maintained, but the transaction costs associated with arbitrage fell over time. The reduction in transaction cost may be attributed to the financial innovations that took place in the sixteenth century. This thesis also finds that the type of information related to shocks received by economic agents had a decisive impact on the speed of price adjustment. The more explicit the information, the more efficiently the market responded to shocks.
21
Martin, Bertha Louise. "High pressure liquid chromatography ion exchange studies on bile relating to the postmortem interval." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2141.
Full textAbstract:
It is the purpose of this, then, to investigate the feasibility of using the changes of concentrations of small iconic decomposition products in bile as indicators of time since death. High pressure liquid chromatography was selected for measurement of these changes.
22
Hejl, Josef. "Účetnictví směnek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10482.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of the accounting solution on bills of exchange. It solves this topic both from the point of view of the Czech accounting and the International accounting represented in IFRS. The first part concentrates on the legal aspects of the bills of exchange, like sorts of the bills of exchange, their requirements, expression of the amount. The second part deals with the development of the Czech accounting rules related to bills of exchange from 1993 till the present time. The source for this are the Czech accounting manuals, which were valid between the years 1993-2003. The thesis documents the development of their comprehension and their accounting solution. The third part concentrates on the current accounting rules represented in Czech accounting standards (CAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards.
23
Gricius, Rolandas. "Vekselių civilinės apyvartos teisiniai aspektai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140625_204600-99675.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro darbas nagrinėja vekselių civilinės apyvartos Lietuvoje teisinius aspektus. Darbe įvedama į problemos kontekstą pateikiant trumpą istorinę apžvalgą apie vekselius ir jų naudojimą Lietuvoje, užbaigiant prisijungimu prie 1930 m. Ženevos konvencijos dėl Vieningo įsakomųjų ir paprastųjų vekselių įstatymo ir atnaujinto Įsakomųjų ir paprastųjų vekselių įstatymo bei poįstatyminių aktų priėmimu. Toliau aprašoma vekselio, kaip abstraktaus vienašalio sandorio prigimtis, tipinė vekselių apyvarta, nagrinėjamas vekselių atskyrimas nuo kitų panašias savybes turinčių instrumentų. Probleminėje darbo dalyje nagrinėjamos teorinės ir praktinės vekselių apyvartoje kylančios problemos, atsižvelgiant į įstatyminį reguliavimą, teisės doktriną bei teismų praktiką. Pradedama nuo vekselio formos problemų, vekselį išrašiusio subjekto trūkumų, ydingai (su trūkumais) atliktais įrašais vekselyje, išnagrinėjama įsakomojo vekselio galia mokėtojui. Toliau aptariamas vekselių su pasibaigusiu vienu iš terminų statusas, vekselio ir jo aptarnaujamo sandorio tarpusavio ryšys, dvigubo apmokėjimo (pagal vekselį ir pagal aptarnaujamo sandorio dokumentus) problema, išieškojimo pagal vekselį problemos. Darbas baigiamas įstatymo projekto, siūlančio atsisakyti užprotestuotų vekselių registro, kaip mažai naudingo, analize, ir argumentais paremtu pasiūlymu išplėsti tokį registrą iki neapmokėtų (pagal kuriuos išduoti vykdomieji įrašai) ir užprotestuotų vekselį registro, siekiant padidinti jo naudingumą. Darbe... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Vilnius University Master of Law thesis paper „Legal issues of using bills of exchange and promissory notes in civil circulation“ This Master of Law thesis paper is denoted to current legal issues of using bills of exchange and promissory notes in civil circulation. Paper starts with setting the context of the regulation for the bills of exchange and promissory notes, starting with short history and finishing with current laws – accession of Lithuania to the 1930 Geneva Convention providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes and subsequent harmonization of the local Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes, following with supporting bylaws. Next is described the origin of bills of exchange and promissory notes as an stand-alone unilateral contract, typical civil circulation of bills of exchange and promissory notes, differences from the similar legal and financial instruments. In the main part of the thesis paper the theoretical and practical issues of the civil circulation of the bills of exchange and promissory notes are examined, according to statute law, academic papers and court ruling precedents. Starting points are issues with a form of bills of exchange and promissory notes, deficiencies of the subject of bills of exchange and promissory notes, deficiencies in the written clauses on the bills of exchange and promissory notes, and then the power of the bill of exchange (called “unconditional order to pay” in the Lithuanian language) to the... [to full text]
24
Bilal, Janjua M. Verfasser], Gernot [Akademischer Betreuer] [Güntherodt, Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Morgenstern, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuch. "Exchange bias in magnetic thin films and nanoparticles : study of spin glass, spin dynamics and anisotropy / M. Bilal Janjua ; Gernot Güntherodt, Markus Morgenstern, Wolfgang Kuch." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1158599528/34.
Full text
25
Мирославський, Сергій Володимирович, Сергей Владимирович Мирославский, and Serhii Volodymyrovych Myroslavskyi. "Окремі питання авалювання векселів у сучасній банківській практиці в контексті розвитку банківської системи України." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63466.
Full textAbstract:
На сучасному етапі розвитку банківської системи України після відчутного спаду в банківській практиці знову намітилися тенденції збільшення питомої ваги операцій з цінними паперами, у тому числі з векселями. Проте, на відміну від банківських систем інших країн, зокрема Німеччини та Франції,
окремі види операцій банків з векселями Україні є недостатньо розвиненими та
малодослідженими юридичною наукою. Серед таких операцій слід виділити операції з авалювання векселів у сучасній банківській практиці.At the current stage of Ukraine's banking system after a noticeable decline in banking practice newly emerging trends of increasing the share of securities transactions, including bills. However, unlike the banking systems of other countries, including Germany and France, certain types of banking transactions in bills Ukraine is underdeveloped and scarcely explored legal science. Among such operations should emphasize operations availing of bills in modern banking practice.
26
Buckingham, John F. "The dangerous edge of things : John Webster's Bosola in context & performance." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/c709add3-5da0-e296-8613-63d74a792f51/9/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that there is an enigma at the heart of Webster's The Duchess of Malfi; a disjunction between the critical history of the play and its reception in performance. Historical disquiet about the status of the play among academics and cultural commentators has not prevented its popularity with audiences. It has, however, affected some of the staging decisions made by theatre companies mounting productions. Allied to other practical factors, these have impacted significantly – and occasionally disastrously – upon performances. It is argued that Webster conceived the play as a meditation on degree and, in aiming to draw out the maximum relevance from the social satire, deliberately created the multi-faceted performative role of Bosola to work his audience in a complex and subversive manner. The role's purpose was determined in response to the structural discontinuity imposed upon the play by the physical realities of staging within the Blackfriars' auditorium. But Webster also needed an agent to serve the plot's development and, in creating the role he also invented a character, developed way beyond the material of his sources. This character proved as trapped as any other in the play by the consequences of his own moral choices. Hovering between role and character, Webster's creation remains liminally poised on ‘the dangerous edge of things.' Part One explores the contexts in which Webster created one of the most ambiguous figures in early modern drama - subverting stock malcontent, villain and revenger - and speculates on the importance of the actor, John Lowin in its genesis. It includes a subsequent performance history of the role. Part Two presents the detailed analysis of a range of professional performances from the past four decades, attempting to demonstrate how the meaning of the play has been altered by decisions made regarding the part of Bosola.
27
Stanczak, Romain. "Les promesses de payer : essai de théorie générale." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1006.
Full textAbstract:
Les promesses de payer sont des contrats par lesquels une personne s’engage envers un créancier à payer ce qui lui est dû. De tels actes sont courants ; leurs applications sont variées. Le cautionnement, l’acceptation d’une lettre de change, la promesse d’exécuter une obligation naturelle, l’engagement du délégué envers le délégataire, le constitut, la garantie autonome, la souscription d’un billet à ordre, etc., sont des promesses de payer. Plus précisément, ces actes sont des applications diverses d’une même figure juridique : la promesse de payer. Cette dernière, déshabillée des particularités propres à chacune de ses applications spéciales, se présente comme une figure juridique unitaire, pourvue d’une nature et de caractères permanents. Ayant pour objet un paiement, elle suppose toujours l’existence d’une dette à acquitter. Cette dette, ou « obligation principale », constitue sa cause objective. Contrairement à une simple reconnaissance de dette, la promesse ne se borne pas à déclarer l’existence de celle-ci. En tant qu’engagement d’exécution, elle donne naissance à une nouvelle obligation, l’ « obligation de règlement », venant s’adjoindre à la première en vue de son paiement. L’obligation de règlement, à ce titre, constitue l’accessoire de l’obligation principale. Son régime, de sa naissance à son extinction, sera donc plus ou moins lié à celui de cette dernièrePromises to pay are contracts by which a person commits to pay to a creditor what is owed to him. Such acts are as common as they are various. For instance, bond, acceptance of a bill of exchange, promise to perform a natural obligation, commitment of the delegate to the delegatee, autonomous guarantee, subscription of a promissory note, etc. are promises to pay. In fact, such acts are different applications of a single legal figure : the promise to pay. Apart from the specificities of each of its applications, the promise to pay reveals itself as a uniform legal act with a permanent nature. Because its subject consists in a payment, the promise to pay always presupposes the existence of a debt. Such debt, or “primary obligation”, is the “objective cause” of the promise. Unlike a simple “IOU”, a promise to pay is not limited to declare the existence of the primary obligation. As a commitment, it also produces a new obligation, the “obligation to pay”, which coexists with the primary obligation. The obligation to pay, as such, is ancillary to the primary obligation. Its legal status, from its birth to its expiration, will be closely linked to that of the primary obligation
28
Le, Trong Dieu Hien, Gia Huan Pham, Tien Dat Nguyen, Xuan Truong Nguyen, and Van Tat Pham. "Application of remote sensing and GIS technique to analyze the land-use change: the case of Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32571.
Full textAbstract:
Digital change detection is a helpful technique using multi-temporal satellite image for analyzing landscape exchange. The objective of this study is an attempt to assess the land-use changes in Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province, Vietnam in the period of fifteen years, from 2001 to 2015.
Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image data files of years from 2001 to 2015 were collected on website of United States Geological Survey (USGS). Then, the images supervised were classified into five classes including perennial plant, annual plant, barren and urban land, and water body using Maximum Likelihood classification method in ENVI 4.7, and mapped using ArcGIS. The results show that during fifteen years, perennial land and urban land have been increased by 39.83% and
10.32%, while annual land and water body have been decreased by 1.37% and 5.35% accordingly, respectively.Phát hiện thay đổi số hóa là một kỹ thuật hiệu quả sử dụng hình ảnh vệ tinh đa thời gian cho phân tích thay đổi cảnh quan. Bài viết này là một sự cố gắng nhằm đánh giá sự thay đổi đất sử dụng ở huyện Phú Giáo, tỉnh Bình Dương, Việt Nam trong khoảng thời gian mười lăm năm từ năm 2001 đến năm 2015. Các file dữ liệu ảnh Landsat TM của các năm từ 2001 đến 2015 đã được thu thập trên trang web nghiên cứu Địa chất Hoa Kỳ (USGS). Sau đó, các hình ảnh giám sát được phân thành năm lớp bao gồm cả cây trồng lâu năm, cây trồng hàng năm, đất đô thị cằn cỗi và vùng nước sử dụng phương pháp phân loại Maximum Likelihood trong ENVI 4.7, và lập bản đồ bằng sử dụng ArcGIS. Kết quả cho thấy rằng trong suốt mười lăm năm, diện tích đất trồng cây lâu năm, đất đô thị đã được tăng tương ứng là 39,83% và 10,32%, trong khi đất đai hàng năm và vùng nước giảm 1,37% và 5,35%.
29
Vlčková, Martina. "Účtování cenných papírů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15420.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this text is to describe questions of securities in the Czech republic. Characteristics of individual kinds of the securities and their dividing are mentioned here. My attention is mainly addressed to stocks, obligations, bills of exchange and cheques. Farther I am engaged in accounting of the securities and their evaluation to balancing day. There are specific accounting examples of particular securities in the end. Also I talk about financial crisis and its impact on the securities.
30
Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
31
Cotrim, Carlos Henrique Pileggi. "Compreensibilidade dos relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros de companhias de capital aberto listadas na BM&FBOVESPA: uma an??lise das percep????es dos usu??rios investidores." FECAP, 2012. http://tede.fecap.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/678.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2016-01-27T18:34:52Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Carlos_Henrique_Pilleggi_Cotrim.pdf: 10713733 bytes, checksum: 45d575515233c4b974f51a451fce2dfd (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T18:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Carlos_Henrique_Pilleggi_Cotrim.pdf: 10713733 bytes, checksum: 45d575515233c4b974f51a451fce2dfd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29
The participation of individual investors in the Brazilian capital market increased about 85,000 in 2002 to over 600,000 in 2011. The BMF&BOVESPA has the goal to reach about 5 million individual investors by the end of 2018 and in this context are inherent risks of investment in shares which the Brazilian investor is little used, due to the complexity of this market. As it is essential a careful evaluation of accounting and financial reporting and the prospects of the company to ensure the investors a most appropriate decision for their investments, this study aims to know the investor perception, as a user, about the understandability of accounting and financial reporting, of publicly traded companies listed on BMF&BOVESPA, investigating possible explanations and comparing user perceptions individual investors to other groups involved. From retrospective studies on accounting and financial reporting, as well as general aspects of comprehensibility and language, was created an electronic research tool accessible via the internet. This instrument was made available to an estimated audience of about 14,600 people and had a return of 413 questionnaires of which 300 were validated. The sample had 97% of respondents with higher education and the results showed a high importance of accounting and financial reporting in decision-making investment in shares by the respondents. However, meeting the expectations related to the understandability of the reports had intermediate scores in most segments analyzed and found that the CLOZE test scores were low for most individual investors. The publicly traded companies, especially in the perception of individual investors, are not easily accessible, do not involve the public in the processes related to the development of accounting and financial reporting and does not seek to know your ideas. These results were in line with the perceptions on the availability of instruments segmented for specific audiences that proved to be low as evidenced by the preference of 81.3% of respondents that preferred separate reports, one conventional and one simplified, more accessible to the user less specialized. For the sample evaluated it is concluded from this study that there are opportunities to improve communication between public companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA and the segments of capital markets, involved in the accounting and financial reporting, from the use of plain language and objective to develop targeted instruments to specific audiences, by the companies that should be attentive to the preferences of investors.
A participa????o dos investidores pessoas f??sicas no mercado de capitais brasileiro mostrou-se crescente nos ??ltimos dez anos com evolu????o de cerca de 85 mil em 2002 para mais de 600 mil em 2011. A BM&FBOVESPA tem a meta de chegar a cerca de 5 milh??es de investidores pessoas f??sicas at?? o final de 2018 e nesse contexto est??o intr??nsecos os riscos do investimento em a????es aos quais o investidor brasileiro recente est?? pouco acostumado, em raz??o da com-plexidade desse mercado. Sendo indispens??vel uma avalia????o criteriosa dos relat??rios cont??-beis e financeiros e das perspectivas da empresa para se assegurar ao investidor uma decis??o mais adequada para seus investimentos, este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer a percep????o dos usu??rios investidores sobre a compreensibilidade dos relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros, de companhias de capital aberto listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, investigando poss??veis fatores explicativos e comparando as percep????es do usu??rio investidor pessoa f??sica com a percep????o de outros grupos envolvidos. A partir do retrospecto de estudos sobre relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros, bem como de aspectos gerais sobre compreensibilidade e linguagem, foi criado um instrumento de pesquisa eletr??nico acess??vel por meio da internet. Esse instrumento foi disponibilizado a um p??blico estimado de cerca de 14.600 pessoas e teve um retorno de 413 question??rios dos quais foram validados 300. A amostra teve 97% dos participantes com n??vel superior e os resultados demonstraram alta import??ncia dos relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros no processo decis??rio de investimentos em a????es pelos respondentes. Entretanto, o atendimento das expectativas relacionadas ?? compreensibilidade desses relat??rios tiveram notas intermedi??rias na maioria dos segmentos analisados e o teste CLOZE verificou que a compreensibilidade foi baixa para a maioria dos respondentes investidores pessoas f??sicas. As companhias de capital aberto, principalmente na percep????o do investidor pessoa f??sica, n??o s??o de f??cil acesso, n??o envolvem esse p??blico nos processos relacionados ao desenvolvimento dos relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros e n??o buscam saber suas ideias. Esses resultados estavam alinhados ??s percep????es sobre a falta de oferta de instrumentos segmentados para p??blicos espec??ficos que se mostrou baixa, comprovada pela prefer??ncia de 81,3 % dos respondentes de que fossem apresentados relat??rios distintos, um convencional e outro simplificado, mais acess??vel ao usu??rio menos especializado. Conclui-se com este estudo, para a amostra avaliada, que h?? oportunidades de aprimoramento da comunica????o entre as companhias de capital aberto listadas na BM&FBOVESPA e os segmentos do mercado de capitais envolvidos com os relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros, com a utiliza????o de linguagem clara e objetiva at?? a cria????o de instrumentos segmentados para p??blicos espec??ficos, passando pelas companhias estarem atentas ??s prefer??ncias dos investidores.
32
Aige, Mut Maria Belén. "Los documentos electrónicos en el ámbito del proceso." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283190.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesis se basa en el documento electrónico y su relación con el concepto de
documento tradicional. Para ello, se realiza un breve análisis del Derecho Comparado,
centrándonos posteriormente en la perspectiva procesal del documento electrónico y su
problemática en cuanto a medio de prueba del proceso. Igualmente se lleva a cabo un estudio
de la legislación actual (examinándola siempre desde un punto de vista procesal), y una
referencia a la eficacia del documento electrónico en cuanto a su implantación en el ámbito de
las Administraciones públicas, con especial referencia a la Administración de Justicia.
Finalmente, se aborda el tema de los documentos electrónicos como mecanismo de inicio del
proceso; en concreto, de los títulos cambiarios electrónicos como forma de inicio de los
procedimientos monitorio y cambiario.La present tesi es basa en l’estudi del document electrònic i la seva relació amb el concepte de document tradicional. Per això, es realitza una breu anàlisi del Dret Comparat, centrant-nos posteriorment en la perspectiva processal del document electrònic i la seva problemàtica com a mitjà de prova del procés. Igualment es duu a terme un estudi de la legislació actual (examinant-la sempre des d’un punt de vista processal), i una referència a l’eficàcia del document electrònic en quant a la seva implantació a l’àmbit de les Administracions públiques, amb especial referència a l’Administració de Justícia. Finalment, s’aborda el tema dels documents electrònics com a mecanisme d’inici del procés; en concret, dels títols canviaris electrònics com a forma d’inici dels procediments monitori i canviari.
The present thesis is based on the study of the electronic document and its relation with the traditional document concept. For it, a brief analysis of the Compared Law is made, to later center in the procedural perspective of the electronic document and its problematic as an evidence in the process. Also, a study of the present legislation is carried out (examining it always from a procedural point of view), and a reference to the effectiveness of the electronic document for its implantation in the scope of the public Administrations, with special reference to the Administration of Justice. Finally, the subject of electronic documents as mechanism for the beginning of the process is approached; in particular, the electronic exchange titles as a form of beginning the “monitorio” and “cambiario” procedures.
33
Ibraimo, Yasfir Daudo. "The macroeconomic effects of public debt : an empirical analysis of Mozambique." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14577.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em EconomiaA divida publica tem estado a crescer acentuadamente nos últimos anos, o que sugere um crescimento da despesa publica financiado pela emissão da divida publica em oposição ao uso da tributação. Não tem existido consenso relativamente as implicações económicas da emissão da divida publica para financiar a despesa publica. Esta dissertação investiga de forma empírica os efeitos macroeconómicos da divida publica para o caso de Moçambique para o período do primeiro trimestre de 2001 ao quarto trimestre de 2016. Modelo de Vector Autoregressivo são usados para avaliar os efeitos macroeconómicos da divida publica através da função impulso-resposta e a decomposição da variância. Esta dissertação conclui que variáveis ligadas ao serviço da divida tem efeitos negativos significativos nesta economia comparando com variáveis ligadas a divida publica. Variáveis de divida publica no período deste estudo não tiveram um impacto significativo no produto real e as variáveis do serviço da divida reduziram significativamente o produto real, aumentou o nível geral de preços e depreciou a moeda domestica.
Public debt has been rising markedly over the years, which suggests an increase in public expenditure financed by debt instead of taxation. There is no consensus on the economic implications of borrowing to finance public expenditure. This dissertation empirically investigates the macroeconomic effects of public debt for the case of Mozambique over the period of 2000Q1-2016Q4. Vector Autoregression (VAR) model are used to assess these effects through impulse response functions and variance decomposition. We conclude that debt service variables have much more negative effects on this economy than debt variables. Debt variables over the period of this study had no significant impact on the real output and the debt service component depressed the real output, increased the general price level and accounted for depreciation on the domestic currency.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
34
Čeřovská, Jitka. "Pojem a druhy směnek." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350275.
Full textAbstract:
- The concept and types of bill of exchange The topic of this thesis is "The concept and types of bill of exchange". The reason for choosing this topic has been my interest in bill of exchange law, which was awaken by my own experience with a bill of exchange on one hand and by the gripping seminars of subject called "Bills of Exchanges", which is taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Charles University in Prague, on the other hand. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the bill of exchange and promissory note, to define their basic characteristics, to explain, what kind of them exist and to analyze their basic requirements. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The first chapter discusses the history of bill of exchange and promissory note. It is divided into three sections that deal with the origin and both national and international development of bill of exchange law. The second chapter is devoted to the current legislation of bill of exchange law. It introduces the sources of bill of exchange law and relations between them and the most specific characteristics of the bill of exchange law, which is rigor cambialis. The third chapter, which consists of three sections, defines the concept of bill of exchange and promissory note, provides a list of their features and the most...
35
Lee, Kun-Shu, and 李坤樹. "Ａ Study of the Bill of exchange institution in China." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28060779874809270589.
Full text
36
Tetour, Zbyněk. "Směnečné rukojemství." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329819.
Full textAbstract:
Aval regarding the bill of exchange In the first chapter, I focused on the genesis of aval in the context of the international law of exchange adjustments and I tried to describe in detail the efforts of its unification to the present. Next I made an excursion into Anglo-American law, I pointed out the uniqueness in the genevian legal system. This chapter then closes with a brief description of the development regulation of aval in our country, from the first references to the present. The following chapter is devoted to the general characteristics of aval, then performed a brief description of the nature of the commitments and I focused on the eligibility of persons who have obligations to take the aval. Finally, I tried to capture the specific hedging nature of the aval compared with the general hedging instruments, which manifests itself in matters of akcesority and subsidiarity. In the next section, I tried to capture the problems of individual requirements of aval statement in terms of location, formal requirements and the terms of content. Because of controversial situations stemming from the location of aval on blank promissory note, I did not even omit temporal aspect. The last chapter, I decided to give a close look at the possibility of the Opposition defense against claims of creditors, with...
37
Švarc, Jan. "Směnka v současné praxi se zvláštním zaměřením na druhy a přípustnost kauzálních námitek a rozhodování o nich." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299856.
Full textAbstract:
in English The thesis aims especially on questions concerning law of exchange which are not satisfactorily answered yet neither by academical community nor by judicial decisions made by the Czech courts and those which should be, from the point of my view, answered differently. In the first chapter, I tried to critically review various doctrinal definitions of bill of exchange and to draw up my own definition which affects bill of exchange complexly in its entireness. Second chapter is divided into three subdivisions chronologically. First subdivision refers to proofs of ancient documents congenial to contemporary bills of exchange. I have come to conclusion that the existence of bills of exchange can be proven as far as the beginning of the first millenium. Institute simmilar to the one of bill of exchange may be found in the Roman civil law. The second subdivision of second chapter assays medieval bills of exchange very thoroughly more than any other thesis on the same subject. All my ideas given are supported by quotations. The third subdivision briefly explains development of law of exchange in the modern period. The third chapter is dedicated to the general purpose of law of exchange and its modern usage with extra amount of attention paid to blank bills of exchange and collateral drafts....
38
Vacek, Lukáš. "Směnečné kauzální námitky, jejich druhy a řízení o nich." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416150.
Full textAbstract:
and keywords Causal objections to a bill of exchange and a promissory note, their types and proceedings related to them The subject of this thesis are causal objections to bill of exchange and promissory note, their types and proceedings related to them. The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of causal objections as a defense against produced bill of exchange (promissory note) based on an analysis of prosessional literature on the topic and the relevant case law. Thus, the thesis deals both with causal objections as substantive law institute and their practical application through procedural law institute of objections against bill of exchange (promissory note) payment order. The thesis consists of the preface, three chaptes and the conclusion. The first chapter deals with basic aspects of the term of "bill of exchange" (or the "promissory note"). The chapter is devided into four subchapters. The first subchapter analyses different definitions of the bill of exchange (promissory note) as they can be found in the professional literature and the case law and these definitons are compared to one another. The second subchapter deals with typical signs of bills of exchange (promissory notes) as a security. The essentials of such a security are described in the third subchapter. The...
39
Koncer, Nikola. "Blankosměnka." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311025.
Full textAbstract:
Incomplete instrument is an institution in practice quite often used, but which raises a number of issues stemming mainly from its fragmentary legislation. The aim of my work is primarily to explore related issues, to confront conflicting views of theorists, to deal with the mismatch between theory and conclusions of the courts and in a case I find such to add my own opinion in a contentious area. The result should be a comprehensive presentation of incomplete instrument including the benefits and risks which this certainly interesting institute holds. Admissibility of incomplete instrument has been controversial issue for a long time. Especially the business practice established the existence of deeds that are not rightful Bills of Exchange or other securities as they don't contain all the particulars required by law, yet give its owner confidence that, if effort is made, they can be transformed into the proper Bills of Exchange. These documents are called Incomplete instruments. If we search for the essence of incomplete instrument, then it can be relatively easily determined even from its very name of which can be seen that this is a deed containing white spaces intended for later additions. Incomplete instrument is a precursor of future Bills. It is a deliberate deed issued in incomplete form,...
40
Rychlý, Matěj. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345397.
Full textAbstract:
A bill of exchange was historically used for payment purposes. However, over time it was figured out that it can designate as a securing instrument. Such a usage of a bill of exchange brings as well a series of theoretical and practical confusions. Therefore, one of the main aims of this thesis is to analyze a securing bill of exchange and examine and describe the different attributes and specifics that bind to it. Another main aim of this thesis is securing bill of exchange to be compared with another hedging instruments which are provided by civil law, such as the pledge and the suretyship. Because of this comparison it is easier to show if the bill of exchange is an appropriate securing instrument, and what are its strengths and weaknesses. As a working method is using analysis and comparison. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter sets out the aims and the direction which the thesis will take and further outline of the content of each chapter. The second chapter deals with the general definition of a bill of exchange, lists the types of a bill of exchange that exist. It also defines the functions of a bill of exchange, where these functions are meant a tender, payment tool or securing instrument. The third chapter describes the essence of a securing bill of exchange, which...
41
YU, CHEN CHIU, and 陳秋玉. "Use of Bill(s) of Exchange in International Trade － A Study of Letter of Credit." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2ts6u8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
104
There are three issues a court should consider in order when judging disputes involving foreign negotiable instrument: 1. Whether foreign elements are involved; 2. In which country the case should be judged—an issue of international jurisdiction; and 3. What is the applicable law (lex causae) according to the international private laws of the country enjoying the said jurisdiction, an issue not to be confused with decisions on jurisdiction. The present study starts with an analysis of how decisions on international jurisdiction have been made. It shows that, as there are no established laws governing the jurisdiction of international civil litigations except for regional international treaties, factors such as legal theories and judicial practices must be consulted as an aide in making judgments. The second part of the thesis discusses the choices of the applicable laws in disputes arising from foreign negotiable instruments. It is argued that, when the international jurisdiction over disputes involving foreign negotiable instrument belongs to a country, its courts should decide on the applicable laws according to its international private laws and should by no means apply foreign international private laws. The third part gives a detailed analysis of the legal relationships involved in the bill(s) of exchange according to the terms and conditions of the L/C. The discussion focuses its analysis on how ROC courts decide on whether ROC has the jurisdiction in question and, if it does and has become the country enjoying the said jurisdiction, how applicable laws governing disputes involving foreign negotiable instruments are related to its domestic laws according to the 21th clause of Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements of ROC, the ROC’s international private law. The discussion is further supplemented with actual practices, taking into account the current UCP600 and ISBP745 as the theoretical bases in its analysis of the legal issues involved with the bill(s) of exchange specified in the L/C in international trade practices. Keywords: international jurisdiction、UCP、ISBP、foreign negotiable instrument、L/C、Bill(s) of Exchange
42
Jurenková, Anna. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338252.
Full textAbstract:
Bill of exchange as a securing instrument - Abstract This thesis deals with a specific use of bill of exchange as a securing instrument. The aim of the thesis is to bring a comprehensive general view on the topic as well as to closely analyse the most important areas or those areas which are problematic from the legal point of view. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter one deals with the law of exchange in general. The chapter illustrates not only the relevant actual legislation, but intends to bring a wider historical frame as well. Chapter two contains general characteristic of bill of exchange, furthermore specifically focuses on the nature of obligation which is incorporated into each bill of exchange. Chapter two deals with the blank bill of exchange as well. It describes the nature of blank bills of exchange, examines the right to fill the blank spaces and questions connected with abuse of that right. Chapter three analyses the role of securing bill of exchange among another securing instruments and compares the most important differences which can be found among them - mainly the independency of obligation incorporated in securing bill of exchange in contrast with the subsidiarity of other securing instruments. Chapter four describes the conditions under which the use of securing bill of...
43
Bartoníčková, Lenka. "Směnka jako zajišťovací instrument." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340187.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the nature of the securing bill of exchange through the analysis of professional literature and relevant case law. The thesis is composed of eight chapters. The first chapter deals with the issue of securing instruments in general. It presents the main amendments which have been brought to the law of obligations by the recent recodification of the private law, especially to the securing instruments. This chapter mentions the characteristics and functions of the general securing instruments. This is followed by the presentation of the bill of exchange as a specific type of the securing instrument. The second chapter is completely devoted to the bill of exchange. It examines the functions of a bill of exchange in legal relations. This chapter also contains more detailed description of an agreement that provides the bill of exchange the disposition of the securing instrument. The following chapter not only defines the term bill of exchange but also concerns with the definition of security in view of the fact that this part of the law was amended by the recodification of the private law. This passage classifies the bill of exchange into the system of securities and emphasises especially the characteristics connected with its transfer. Chapter four...
44
Chlpeková, Veronika. "Cenné papíry s důrazem na směnku jako důležitý nástroj obchodních závazkových vztahů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313555.
Full textAbstract:
in English Securities with a focus of bills of exchange and promissory notes as important tools in business obligations The institute of securities accompanies the society for many centuries and has become an indispensable part of economic life. Although, with few exceptions represented apparently only by Slovak and Swiss legal order, there is no general definition of concept of security, it does not hinder to define its characteristics, which are the instrument, respectively any material substrate able to capture a written declaration of will and incorporated subjective property right originating in the private area. Of the above may be deduced the close connection between right and document, which is it's materialization. In connection with the development of social needs, especially in the area of trade, disadvantages of document that was originally considered as a necessary condition of the existence of a valid security, appeared. As a result, the process of dematerialisation of securities started and the document has been replaced by the entry in the register of securities. Nowadays, therefore, the securities may exist both in paper and in book entry form, what undoubtedly facilitate the implementation of some complicated business transactions. The presented thesis combines the interpretation...
45
Castañeda, Gonzalo. "Macroeconomic consequences of the 1986-87 boom in the Mexican stock exchange and Treasury bill markets." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23269879.html.
Full text
46
Bulušek, Petr. "Pojem a druhy směnek." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329216.
Full textAbstract:
RESUME Bills of exchange and promissory notes are one of the most used instruments of business relationships in the area of Geneva law. This fact was undoubtedly caused by the unique attributes of bills of exchange and promissory notes which are represented especially by formality, obviousness, transparency and imperative nature. The main reason for compiling this dissertation is to describe disputed facts of bills of exchange and promissory notes with regard to the cases and scientific research. The dissertation deals only with the more detailed survey of the main topic, the other matters of legal relations bills of exchange and promissory notes will not be covered in this research. It contains authentic texts representing and explaining the topics in question. The dissertation provides a coherent interpretation of the chosen topic and it is the basis for the solution of certain problems in practice. The dissertation consists of four chapters and each of these chapters is subdivided into more specific units. The first chapter is an introduction to the history and current system of exchange law. The second chapter deals with the basic institutions of exchange law including types of bills of exchange and promissory notes. The third chapter is a resource for legal information and it deals with judicial...
47
Rác, David. "Platební a zajišťovací funkce směnky a šeku." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354101.
Full textAbstract:
A bill of Exchange was originally used as payment instrument. Recently, it is mostly used as securing instrument. This purpose was mainly evolved by legal practice and its legislation could be problematic and unclear for laymen. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze a bill of exchange as a securing instrument. Further attention is paid to the function of payment. However, the bill of exchange and check are both regulated in identical law, so to some of its institutes I also describe a checks. The main attention of my thesis is devoted to the securing purpose of the bill of exchange. There I describe the specifics of this instrument in the comparison of other civil securing instruments. Due to this contrast, it can be said, that the bill of exchange gives the creditor some significant advantage on one hand, but finds some insuperable limits on the other hand. My thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter describes the historical development of bills of exchange and check, and the circumstances under which these institutions were created. The second chapter deals with the exchange and check law, their rules, the systematic inclusion of this branch of law and the basic peculiarities are defined. The third chapter is devoted to a general definition of the bill of exchange, describes...
48
MARÝŠKOVÁ, Nikola. "Směnka a její uplatnění v praxi." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251691.
Full textAbstract:
This Thesis has focused on the topic of "The bill of exchange and its application in practice". This work is devided into chapters and sub-chapters. After the introduction there is a literature search in which it was necessary to deal with the historical development of the bills of exchange and their regulations. In the second part of the literature search there are briefly introduced basic kinds of bills of exchange charged in Czech law. The another part of the literature review is devoted to a brief characteristics of the participants of bills of exchange relations. The conclusion of the literature review focuses on disposition of bills, characteristic of court proceedings and the issue of application of the objections in this proceeding. The practical part continues these problems. Its first chapter deals with the definition of the bills for accounting and processing of application examples on accounting bills. Finally there is a chapter on the tax implications of the depository and non-depository bills of exchange. In the second main section are demonstrated specific examples of bill of exchange aplication in business relations. Also, there is indicated the process of exchange proceeding and the way of enforcement the exchange sum including the issue of application of objections.
49
Blaha, Michal. "Pojem a druhy směnek." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311283.
Full textAbstract:
- 1 - Abstract The topic of my diploma thesis is "The concept and types of bills of exchange and promissory notes". The reason why I chose this topic is my interest in securities law, especially in bill of exchange law, and my previous work experience. I regularly work with bill of exchange law in my employment so this is a reason why I have decided to expand my knowledge of this particular law. The bill of exchange and check act number 191/1950 Coll., as amended, is the basis of legislation for this kind of law in the Czech Republic. The most significant advantage of this act is the constancy, which is given by the general method of treatment of this issue. This advantage can be considered as one of the main disadvantages too, because the solution of unique issues is left to case law and literature. This is a reason, why the core of this diploma thesis is chapter 5, where I analyse the essential requirements of bill of exchange and promissory note. Also the issue of graphical design is a very interesting and actual topic. The diploma thesis is structure into seven chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the historical development of bill of exchange and promissory note. This chapter contains also the historical development of individual institutes of bill of exchange law. The second chapter discusses the...
50
Fojtů, Dominik. "Blankosměnka." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324532.
Full textAbstract:
- Blank Note This thesis deals with blank note (incomplete instrument) as a particular subset of promissory notes/bills of exchange. It is comprised of a brief introduction on history of securities followed by a summarization of development of prommisory note, including its legislative history in the Czech Republic. International conferences aiming to unify the subject matter are also considered. The main body of the text aims to define the incomplete instrument; the definitions itself subsequently subdivided to provide comprehensive description of form, minimal content of the instrument, demands placed on signature and on the intent of parties to create an inchoate note. A whole individual chapter investigates one of the crucial elements typical of incomplete instrument, which is authority to fill in empty spots as given by the signee to a holder. Thus, its goal is to illustrate its nature and the ways it can originate and terminate. It being the crucial issue of many litigations concerning a once incomplete promissory note, particular attention is given to termination of such authority while the largest part of this chapter looks at application of licence to fill in violation of the authority given. In this context, a brief description of possible penal repercussions follows. The thesis also...