Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bottom Spray

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Bottom Spray'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Bottom Spray"

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Womac, Alvin R., Chris Smith, and Joe Mulrooney. "Spray Nozzle Effects on Foliar Band Deposits of Malathion in Cotton." Journal of the ASABE 67, no. 6 (2024): 1469–80. https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.16037.

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HighlightsFoliar banding with 40-degree flat fan tips may reduce pesticide use.Hollow cone tips were effective for broadcast applications but less effective as a single tip band over the row.Spray plume interactions with foliage affected spray targeting on different samplers.Abstract.The study characterized the spray deposits for broadcast sprays and foliar band sprays made to cotton in the field under a steady mean lateral wind velocity of 1.1 m s-1. Five over-the-top spray treatments included broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, banding 40-015 flat fan tip
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Lee, Seokjae, Hakjoong Kim, and Lee-Kwang Yang. "Comparative Study on the Spray Characteristics of Bottom-Up Sprinkler Heads." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 24, no. 6 (2024): 213–22. https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2024.24.6.213.

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Bottom-up sprinkler heads are typically installed in parking lots of buildings and in places without a semi-finished ceiling. However, bottom-up sprinkler heads that comply with domestic fire codes can exhibit water spray performances depending on the manufacturer. In this study, we compare the spray characteristics of bottom-up sprinkler heads manufactured by five different vendors in Korea by conducting a waterproof amount test, spray distribution test, and spray pattern analysis. The results of the waterproof amount test indicated that all sprinkler head samples showed minimum and maximum d
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Ibraheem, Sajad Nazim, and Majed Hazem Alheidary. "The Role of Spray Pattern and Operating Pressure and their Interactions on the Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch. in Eggplant Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, no. 2 (2023): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.2.105113.

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Ibraheem, S.N. and M.H. Alheidary. 2023. The Role of Spray Pattern and Operating Pressure and their Interactions on the Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch. in Eggplant Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(2): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.2.105113 The mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most dangerous pests that attack the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Several attempts were carried out for controlling this pest to avoid crop losses through the extensive use of chemical products. The present study aimed to shed light on the effect of s
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Er, Dawn Z. L., Celine V. Liew, and Paul W. S. Heng. "Layered growth with bottom-spray granulation for spray deposition of drug." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 377, no. 1-2 (2009): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.042.

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Castilho Theodoro, Jose G., Erdal Ozkan, Heping Zhu, Hongyoung Jeon, Javier Campos, and Alvin R. Womac. "Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Spray Nozzle and Droplet Size Effects on Spray Penetration Inside Soybean Plants." Journal of the ASABE 68, no. 1 (2025): 71–79. https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.16174.

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HighlightsEffectiveness of four nozzle types was evaluated to deliver spray droplets inside soybean canopy in a wind tunnel.Spray deposition at the bottom part of canopies was significantly lower than the upper part across the test section.Nozzles generating medium and coarse droplet sizes improved spray coverage on the top and middle part of the canopy.Abstract. Adequate spray deposition and penetration of pesticides reaching the lower part of soybean canopy can increase the chance of success to protect plants from diseases and insects, especially when soybean foliage is matured. Therefore, s
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Foqué, Dieter, Jan G. Pieters, and David Nuyttens. "Comparing Spray Gun and Spray Boom Applications in Two Ivy Crops with Different Crop Densities." HortScience 47, no. 1 (2012): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.1.51.

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Flemish greenhouse growers predominantly use handheld spray guns and lances for their crop protection purposes despite the heavy workload and high risk for operator exposure associated with these techniques. These spray application techniques have also shown to be less effective than spray boom equipment under many conditions. Handheld spraying techniques are less expensive, however, and they are more flexible in practical use. Many growers also erroneously believe that high spray volumes and pressures are needed to assure good plant protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the spray d
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Lubis, Ediantonius, Antoni Antoni, and Djwantoro Hardjito. "KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN OPTIMUM BOTTOM ASH DAN FLY ASH SEBAGAI AGREGAT BUATAN." Dimensi Utama Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/duts.2.1.16-23.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan sebanyak mungkin limbah batubara terutama bottom ash sebagai bahan agregat buatan. komposisi campuran optimum bottom ash dan fly ash sebagai bahan agregat buatan adalah 1 semen: 3 fly ash: 20 bottom ash dalam perbandingan berat, kuat tekan agregat buatan pada umur 28 hari adalah 2,45 MPa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode air di spray pada bottom ash, sehingga bottom ash dapat dimanfaatkan sebanyak mungkin untuk agregat buatan, jumlah kebutuhan air yang di spray sebanyak 25-35% dari berat bottom ash. Hasil pengujian water content pada agregat bua
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Chu, C. C., T. J. Henneberry, and D. H. Akey. "Sweetpotato Whitefly Control on Cantaloupe, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (1993): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.116.

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Abstract The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS Irrigated Desert Research Station at Brawley, California, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Seed was planted 20 Aug at the rate of three seeds/hill with hills spaced 30 inches within a row. Missing hills were replanted on 9 Sep. Each plot consisted of two rows spaced 40 inches wide. Rows were 20 ft long. Plots were partially isolated by 7-ft wide corridors of fallow ground between plots and 7-ft fallow alleys separating experimental blocks. Treatments were (1) cantaloupe seeds treated with NTN 33893 at 0.10 lb Al/lb o
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Villafuerte, Julio, and Linh Tran. "New Trends in Aerospace: Saving the Bottom Line With Cold Spray Repairs." AM&P Technical Articles 174, no. 5 (2016): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2016-05.p024.

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Abstract Cold spray is an effective method of depositing a variety of temperature-sensitive materials in specialized applications, such as high-value aerospace component repair. The use of cold spray has seen a significant increase in the repair and restoration of housings for integrated drive generators used in commercial aircraft.
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Nielsen, D. G., and M. J. Dunlap. "Birch, Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against GYPSY Moth Larvae, Wooster, Oh, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.267.

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Abstract Birch, 20-30 cm tall, growing in 1-gal containers in a greenhouse at the main OARDC campus were used to evaluate insecticides against 4th instars. A C02 compression sprayer operating at 20 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply treatments to runoff. Modified 1-gal (3.9 liter) Fonda cartons were used to prevent larval escape. Tops and bottoms were removed from the cartons, and a bottom was secured around the base of each tree stem prior to larval placement and spray application. Five 4th-instar larvae were placed on each of 4 single-tree replicates, and treat
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bottom Spray"

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Sayed, Hassan Adelyar. "The Complexity of Splay Trees and Skip Lists." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6858_1263424080.

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<p>Our main results are that splay trees are faster for sorted insertion, where AVL trees are faster for random insertion. For searching, skip lists are faster than single class top-down splay trees, but two-class and multi-class top-down splay trees can behave better than skip lists.</p>
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Häubner, Norbert. "Dynamics of astaxanthin, tocopherol (Vitamin E) and thiamine (Vitamin B1) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem : Bottom-up effects in an aquatic food web." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekologisk botanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130143.

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The thesis combines laboratory experiments and field expeditions to study production, transfer and consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants and thiamine in an aquatic food web. In particular, I (1) documented spatial and seasonal variation of tocopherols and carotenoids in the Baltic Sea pelagic food web, and (2) examined the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on tocopherol, carotenoid and thiamine concentrations in phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish. Moderate differences in temperature and salinity affected α-tocopherol, β-carotene and thiamine production in microalgae. Furthermore, the
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Agudelo, William. "Imagerie sismique quantitative de la marge convergente d'Equateur-Colombie : Application des mèthodes tomographiques aux données de sismique réflexion multitrace et réfraction-réflexion grand-angle des campagnes SISTEUR et SALIERI." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010415.

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Mon travail de thèse se propose d'étudier la structure, les propriétés physiques et les processus géodynamiques de la zone de subduction d'Equateur-Colombie grâce à l'adaptation et le développement d'outils d'imagerie sismique (inversion de formes d'ondes 'alias' tomographie en diffraction) et à leur application aux données de sismique marine multitrace (MCS) et grand-angle OBS (WA) acquises en Equateur-Colombie pendant les campagnes SISTEUR et SALIERI. Ces outils m'ont permis de réaliser une imagerie fine et quantitative à trois niveaux : l'imagerie superficielle (~ 0-3 km), l'imagerie à prof
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Books on the topic "Bottom Spray"

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West, Richard J. Ground spray applications of Virtuss, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus, against white-marked tussock moth larvae at Bottom Brook, Newfoundland in 1986. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bottom Spray"

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Wetzig, Tony, Matthias Schwarz, Leandro Schöttler, Patrick Gehre, and Christos G. Aneziris. "Functionalized Feeders, Hollowware, Spider Bricks and Starter Casting Tubes for Increasing the Purity in Steel Casting Processes." In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_32.

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AbstractAlthough continuous casting became the state of the art for the casting of ordinary steel grades, ingot casting by bottom teeming still has relevance in the steelmaking industry, especially for the manufacturing of specialty and alloy steels. As for every casting process, the ever-increasing quality requirements by customers lead to increased demand for new technologies to increase the purity of the cast steel melt regarding its inclusion content. Due to the special design of the bottom-teeming ingot casting facility and the discontinuous operation as batch process, the application of
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Wetzig, Tony, Andreas Baaske, Sven Karrasch, Steffen Dudczig, and Christos G. Aneziris. "Cleanness of Molten Steel—Active and Reactive, Exchangeable Filter Systems for the Continuous Casting of Steel." In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_29.

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AbstractThe filtration of steel melts in the continuous casting of steel is of special interest in order to meet the ever-increasing purity requirements regarding the metal’s purity. Due to the high mass flow and the high casting duration, the application of in-built filters in the tundish system is rather challenging, especially regarding the filter capacity. In the framework of this contribution, a new concept involving the immersion of filters into the steel melt from above the tundish was investigated. This approach allows for the flexible exchange of used filters without interruption of t
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Lakatoš, Mikloš, Kristjan Tabri, Abbas Dashtimanesh, and Henrik Andreasson. "Numerical Modelling of a Planing Craft with a V-Shaped Spray Interceptor Arrangement in Calm Water." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst200024.

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V-shaped spray interceptors are a novel concept of spray deflection on planing craft. Conventional spray rails are positioned longitudinally on the bottom of the hull and detach the spray from hull deflecting it towards the sides or slightly down and aftward. The V-shaped spray interceptors, on the other hand, are located in the spray area forward of the stagnation line such that they would deflect the oncoming spray down and aftward, thereby producing a reaction force that reduces the total resistance. An experimental study reported that the V-shaped spray interceptors to reduce the total res
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Young Koo, Hye, and Dahee Park. "Conductive Powder Synthesis Technology for Improving Electrical Conductivity by One-Pot Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Process." In New Advances in Powder Technology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108937.

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In this chapter, we will study the spray pyrolysis process, which is a bottom-up process, and examine the composite electrode powder synthesis process and properties of the core-shell structure. Generally, it is difficult to produce fine particles from metal powders using the top-down method. Thus, the liquid phase method, which is a bottom-up process, is mainly used. However, the liquid phase method has a problem in that impurities exist in the particles. In addition, it is difficult to control the precipitation when synthesizing powder using a solution containing several types of metal salts
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Singh Makkar, Manjeet, and Santosh Kumar Gangwar. "Machinery for Plant Protection in Cotton Crop." In Cotton. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103834.

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Spraying is very tedious and time consuming operation. There is a need of an efficient, precise and high capacity machine for spraying. The pesticide with conventional sprayers is not so effective because non-uniform spray and of lesser width of coverage. Distribution of pesticide is not uniform especially at the underside of the leaves. The pest can be controlled effectively if pesticides are applied properly at the right rate, right time and on the target by right equipment. In field crops like cotton the pest attacks is on the lower side of the leaves during vegetative as well as reproducti
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McGhee, Robert. "Vikings and Arctic Farmers: The Norse Atlantic Saga." In The Last Imaginary Place. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192807304.003.0006.

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Abstract On a Warm and Cloudless August Afternoon the Viking ship Gaia approached the coast of North America.The huge sail pumped gently with a steady following breeze as the ship rode, lightly as a resting gull, across the ridges and valleys of a long northeasterly swell. Sunlight glinted from icebergs and flared on the distant spouts of whales.The grey cliffs of Newfoundland rose to starboard, and the foaming wake curled away towards Greenland.This tiny, fragile shell of wood had steered through fields of deadly ice, ridden over shoals that would have torn the bottom from a deeper ship, and
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Conference papers on the topic "Bottom Spray"

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Gunaltun, Yves, and Larry Payne. "A New Technique for the Control of Top of the Line Corrosion: TLCC-PIG." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03344.

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Abstract In wet gas lines, top of line corrosion (TLC) can be controlled by either continuous injection of a neutraliser to decrease the impact of organic acids or batch treatment. In some cases the combination of these two techniques would be necessary. Batch treatment is generally done by placing an inhibitor slug between two pigs. This operation requires generally shut down of the production during preparation/launching of the batch. It is then envisaged to use the inhibited liquid at the bottom of the line to film the top of line surface. In fact TLC takes place in lines with stratified fl
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Gunaltun, Yves, Tong Eak Pou, Marc Singer, Claude Duret, and Stephane Espitalier. "Laboratory Testing of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10095.

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Abstract For control of top of line corrosion (TLC) in multiphase wet gas lines, the best technique currently available on the market is the TLCC-PIG (or spray pig). Its main disadvantages are firstly the necessity of monthly treatment, which may not be compatible with the production requirements, and secondly relatively low efficiency, which is around 70-75 %, if the treatment is monthly. The author’s company(1) decided to work with a corrosion inhibitor manufacturer(2) in order to develop volatile corrosion inhibitors, with the development project starting in 2004. After a series of prelimin
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Chaloner-Gill, Benjamin, Amal Al-Borno, Martin Quintero, Moavin Islam, Brock Genter, and Yuan Li. "Evaluation of the Effect of Welding Process on the Performance of an Inorganic Industrial Coating for Soil-side Application of above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19186.

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Abstract This paper details the findings of a comprehensive study conducted to determine if a spray applied two- component inorganic industrial coating can be used to mitigate the soil-side corrosion of aboveground carbon steel storage tank bottoms. The coating is applied on the soil-side which is on the back side of the welded sections of the tank bottom. The study included microstructural characterization of the weld zone and surrounding areas of welded steel test panels. which were coated on the back side. The coating material as well as the passive layer formed by the coating on the steel
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Punpruk, Suchada, Matina Thammachart, and Yves Gunaltun. "Field Testing of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors and Evaluation of Batch Treatment Efficiency by Cooled Probe." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10096.

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Abstract A 16 inches (0.4 metres) wet gas line on one of the wellhead platforms of “field A”(1) was modified to install a cooled probe at the 12 o’clock position to evaluate the efficiency of two volatile corrosion inhibitors which have been shown to provide acceptable levels of protection in laboratory testing. A corrosion inhibitor was injected at the Christmas tree level and the corrosion rate was measured, using a cooled probe downstream of the manifold. This particular facility also includes a chemical injection point at the 6 o’clock position under the cooled probe to send the corrosion
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Apostolos, John A., Douglas M. Parks, and Richard A. Carello. "Cathodic Protection Using Metallized Zinc a 3.5 Year Progress Report." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87137.

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Abstract Cathodic Protection (CP) of Reinforced Concrete is a relatively new application of an old and established technology. A new technique, coating concrete with sprayed zinc metal, has been applied to a pier of a major bridge in San Francisco Bay, California and to a bridge deck near Placerville, California. The pier coating was sprayed on with oxygen/acetylene metallizing equipment and distributes the CP current throughout the coated area. At present, the system has been operating under impressed current CP for 3.5 years with satisfactory results. The same technique was used on the concr
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Fingas, D., and R. A. Gummow. "Cathodic Shielding Effects of In-Trench Pipeline Supports." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05780.

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Abstract When installing pipelines in rocky areas, additional mechanical safeguards may be necessary to protect the coating. These safeguards may take the form of intermittent supports which elevate the pipeline off the trench bottom. As such supports are non-metallic and are installed directly against the pipeline coating, the pipeline at the location of the supports may be shielded from cathodic protection current. The cathodic shielding effects of two such supports, a plastic pipeline support and a standard spray-in polyurethane foam support, are investigated and compared. Coating defects w
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Liu, Dongyang, Jindong Zhang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xiaoyu Ma, and Yuxin Kou. "Detection of Glue Spray on Bottom of Vehicle Based on Machine Vision." In 2018 International Conference on Network, Communication, Computer Engineering (NCCE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ncce-18.2018.78.

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Iyengar, Venkat S., Sathiyamoorthy Kumarasamy, Srinivas Jangam, and Manjunath Pulumathi. "Drop Size Characteristics of Forward Angled Injectors in Subsonic Cross Flows." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3706.

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Cross flow fuel injection is a widely used approach for injecting liquid fuel in gas turbine combustors and afterburners due to the higher penetration and rapid mixing of fuel and the cross flowing airstream. Because of the very limited residence time available in these combustors it is essential to ensure that smaller drop sizes are generated within a short axial distance from the injector in order to promote effective mixing. This requirement calls for detailed investigations into spray characteristics of different injector configurations in a cross-flow environment for identifying promising
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Kırtas¸, Mehmet, Nayan Patel, Vaidyanathan Sankaran, and Suresh Menon. "Large-Eddy Simulation of a Swirl-Stabilized, Lean Direct Injection Spray Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91310.

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Large-eddy simulation (LES) of a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor is reported in this paper. The full combustor and all the six swirl vanes are resolved and both cold and reacting flow simulations are performed. Cold flow predictions with LES indicate the presence of a broad central recirculation zone due to vortex breakdown phenomenon near the dump plane and two corner recirculation zones at the top and bottom corner of the combustor. These predicted features compare well with the experimental non-reacting data. Reacting case simulated a liquid Jet-A fuel spray using a Lagrangian approac
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Ho, Son H., and Muhammad M. Rahman. "Zero Boil-Off Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank With Axial Cold-Spray System." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15341.

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This paper presents a steady-state analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a zero boil-off cryogenic storage tank for liquid hydrogen. The system includes a tank with cylindrical wall and oblate spheroidal top and bottom, and a cold-spray nozzle head whose face is set perpendicular to the axis of the tank. The nozzle head has many nozzles on its front face. The cold fluid cooled by an external cooling system enters the inlet opening at the top of the tank, follows an axial supply tube to the nozzle head and exits through the nozzles into the bulk fluid inside the tank heated by heat leak f
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