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Journal articles on the topic 'Botulism outbreaks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

DATE, KASHMIRA, RYAN FAGAN, SANDRA CROSSLAND, et al. "Three Outbreaks of Foodborne Botulism Caused by Unsafe Home Canning of Vegetables—Ohio and Washington, 2008 and 2009†." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 12 (2011): 2090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-128.

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Foodborne botulism is a potentially fatal paralytic illness caused by ingestion of neurotoxin produced by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Historically, home-canned vegetables have been the most common cause of botulism outbreaks in the United States. During 2008 and 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local health departments in Ohio and Washington State investigated three outbreaks caused by unsafe home canning of vegetables. We analyzed CDC surveillance data for background on food vehicles that caused botulism outbreaks from 1999 to 200

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2

Galazka, A., and A. Przybylska. "Surveillance of foodborne botulism in Poland: 1960-1998." Eurosurveillance 4, no. 6 (1999): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.04.06.00043-en.

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Human foodborne botulism, in contrast to the other two forms of botulism (wound and infant botulism), is an intoxication that results when preformed botulinum toxin is ingested. Sporadic cases and family and general outbreaks occur when food products are

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3

Long, Sharon C., and Tiffany Tauscher. "Watershed issues associated with Clostridium botulinum: A literature review." Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 3 (2006): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.016b.

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Botulism the disease, the related organism (Clostridium botulinum) and toxin have gained renewed attention in these times of heightened homeland security and bioterrorism preparedness. Since C. botulinum is ubiquitous in nature, botulism outbreaks resulting from environmental exposure can be of concern to watershed managers and drinking water utilities. This paper reviews aspects of naturally occurring C. botulinum in light of concerns for source water watersheds. Information regarding sources and occurrence of botulism, C. botulinum and botulism toxins are discussed. Ecology and physiology of

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4

MYLLYKOSKI, J., M. LINDSTRÖM, R. KETO-TIMONEN, et al. "Type C bovine botulism outbreak due to carcass contaminated non-acidified silage." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 2 (2008): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000939.

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SUMMARYThe first reported bovine botulism outbreak in Finland is described. Nine out of 90 cattle on a dairy farm died after being fed non-acidified silage contaminated by animal carcasses. Type C botulinum neurotoxin gene was detected in one heifer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the neurotoxin was detected by the mouse bioassay.Clostridium botulinumtype C was isolated from liver samples. The isolated strain was identified with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis as group IIIC. botulinum. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a type C bovine botulism outbreak

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5

Souillard, Rozenn, Caroline LE Marechal, Loic Balaine, et al. "Manure contamination with Clostridium botulinum after avian botulism outbreaks: management and potential risk of dissemination." Veterinary Record 187, no. 6 (2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105898.

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BackgroundPersistence of Clostridium botulinum in the environment is well known. Getting rid of it after animal botulism outbreaks is so tricky, especially as far as manure concerns. This study aimed at 1. describing manure management on 10 poultry farms affected by botulism and 2. assessing the persistence of C botulinum in poultry manure after the outbreak.MethodsEach farm was visited twice at two different manure storage times (two weeks after manure removal and two months later). Fifteen samples of manure were collected on each visit and C botulinum was detected using real-time PCR.Results

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6

Brandis, K. J., J. Spencer, B. Wolfenden, and D. Palmer. "Avian-botulism risk in waterbird breeding colonies and implications for environmental water management." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 2 (2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18446.

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Avian botulism poses a significant risk to waterbird health in Australian wetlands. This paralytic, often fatal, disease occurs when birds ingest a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Our current understanding of avian botulism comes largely from studies in the northern hemisphere, with many of these studies linking outbreaks of avian botulism with poor water quality. The Murray–Darling Basin provides the most important breeding habitat for colonial waterbirds in Australia, but the frequency of large-scale breeding events has declined, and waterbird populations are near

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7

Abdullah Faisal Albukhari. "Botulism in Saudi Arabia: A Review." International Journal of Linguistics Applied Psychology and Technology (IJLAPT) 2, no. 02(Feb) (2025): 55–58. https://doi.org/10.69889/ijlapt.v2i02(feb).99.

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Botulism is a rare but serious neuroparalytic disorder caused by neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. While globally well-documented, reports on botulism in Saudi Arabia remain scarce. This review aims to summarize existing literature on botulism in Saudi Arabia, covering its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and public health implications. Understanding botulism in the region is essential for early diagnosis, prevention, and effective management of outbreaks. Strengthening healthcare preparedness and food safety measures is crucial to

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8

LAFUENTE, S., J. NOLLA, S. VALDEZATE, et al. "Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona: Clostridium baratii and Clostridium botulinum." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 9 (2012): 1993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812002592.

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SUMMARYBotulism is a severe neuroparalytic disorder that can be potentially life-threatening. In Barcelona, Spain, no outbreaks had been reported in the past 25 years. However, in September 2011, two outbreaks occurred involving two different families. A rare case of Clostridium baratii which produced a neurotoxin F outbreak was detected in five family members who had shared lunch, and several days before that another family was affected by C. botulinum toxin A which was probably present in homemade pâté.

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9

Anza, I., D. Vidal, J. Feliu, E. Crespo, and R. Mateo. "Differences in the Vulnerability of Waterbird Species to Botulism Outbreaks in Mediterranean Wetlands: an Assessment of Ecological and Physiological Factors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 10 (2016): 3092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00119-16.

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ABSTRACTAvian botulism kills thousands of waterbirds every year, including endangered species, but information about the differences between species in vulnerability to botulism outbreaks and the capacity to act as carriers ofClostridium botulinumis still poorly known. Here, we estimated the vulnerability to botulism of 11 waterbird species from Mediterranean wetlands by comparing the number of affected birds with the census of individuals at risk. The capacity of different species to act as carriers was studied by detecting the presence of theC. botulinumtype C/D botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) g

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10

GRENDA, TOMASZ, KRZYSZTOF KWIATEK, and MAGDALENA GOLDSZTEJN. "Cattle botulism: Underestimated epidemiological problem." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 10 (2020): 6456–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6456.

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Botulism in cattle is a rarely diagnosed, but highly fatal disease. Laboratory diagnosis of cattle botulism cases is complicated by the high genetic diversity of C. botulinum strains. The proper diagnosis of botulism is based mainly on observation of clinical symptoms. In epidemiological investigation, the most important is to consider the genetic diversity of C. botulinum strains and the chimeric character of toxins produced by this microorganism. It is also important to investigate the potential vectors and origins of C. botulinum spores in order to detect the potential routes of transmissio

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11

Salvarani, Felipe M., Denis Y. Otaka, Carlos M. C. Oliveira, et al. "Type C waterborne botulism outbreaks in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Amazon region." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 7 (2017): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000700008.

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ABSTRACT: Botulism is a poisoning caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). BoNTs serotypes C and D are involved in botulism outbreaks in cattle in several countries. Despite the high number of buffaloes worldwide, the real impact of botulism in buffaloes is not known, because it is not a notifiable disease in Brazil and only few studies have evaluated the occurrence of the disease in buffaloes. Those studies did not conduct diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of BoNTs. The objective of the present study was to describe three outbreaks of botulism in buffaloes in the Brazilian Amazon regio

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Ho, Tinh Huu, Ha Phan Ai Nguyen, Nhan Dinh Trong Le, Phuong Hoai Hoang, Ninh Thi Ha, and Chinh Van Dang. "An outbreak of type B botulism in southern Viet Nam, 2020." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 13, no. 1 (2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.1.887.

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Objective: To investigate the cause of a botulism outbreak in several provinces in Viet Nam in 2020. Methods: An initial investigation was conducted to confirm the outbreak and to form hypotheses about the potential causes, followed by a case–control assessment of the plausible causative food item. Collected food samples were tested to identify the pathogen, and mouse bioassays were performed. Control measures were introduced to stop the outbreak and to prevent similar events in the future. Results: Twelve people in six southern provinces of Viet Nam were identified as having symptoms of botul

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13

GALEEVA, N. V., I. V. NIKOLAEVA, M. R. GATAULLIN, et al. "Outbreak of type A foodborne botulism." Practical medicine 23, no. 1 (2025): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2025-1-76-82.

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The purpose — to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the outbreak of type A foodborne botulism in Kazan. Material and methods. We analyzed 22 case histories of patients with botulism hospitalized in the Republic Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases named after A.F. Agafonov from 06/16/24 to 06/26/24. Results. All patients ate vacuum-packed «Lobio salad with beans» ordered from a food delivery service from 12.06 to 17.06.24. The patients were predominantly young and actively working people. The average age of patients was 33.1 (9.3) years (Min 21; Max 65). There were 15 (66.

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De Oliveira Monteiro, Francisco Décio, Thiago da Silva Cardoso, and Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira. "Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of an Outbreak Suggesting Botulism in Free-Range Chicken (Gallusgallus domesticus) in the State of Maranhão, Brazil." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 26, no. 3 (2022): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2022v26n3p279-282.

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Birds may experience outbreaks of disease and exhibit symptoms of progressive flaccid paralysis, which may be related to poisoning through botulinum toxins arising from anaerobic sources in the rearing regimen. The botulism outbreaks in birds are associated more closely with type C toxins, and they are among the most vulnerable species, showing a high degree of susceptibility to this poison. This study was conducted with the objective of characterizing the outbreak of botulism in free-range chickens, considering of the clinical and epidemiological features of this case. Care was taken to provi

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Peñuelas, Marina, María Guerrero-Vadillo, Sylvia Valdezate, et al. "Botulism in Spain: Epidemiology and Outcomes of Antitoxin Treatment, 1997–2019." Toxins 15, no. 1 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010002.

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Background: Botulism is a low incidence but potentially fatal infectious disease caused by neurotoxins produced mainly by Clostridium botulinum. There are different routes of acquisition, food-borne and infant/intestinal being the most frequent presentation, and antitoxin is the treatment of choice in all cases. In Spain, botulism is under surveillance, and case reporting is mandatory. Methods: This retrospective study attempts to provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of botulism in Spain from 1997 to 2019 and an assessment of the treatment, including the relationship between a d

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16

GELLI, Dilma Scala, Miyoko JAKABI, and Aldo de SOUZA. "Botulism: a laboratory investigation on biological and food samples from cases and outbreaks in Brazil (1982-2001)." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 44, no. 6 (2002): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652002000600005.

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Laboratory investigation of botulism from 1982 to 2001 confirmed the occurrence of eight positive outbreaks/cases of botulism in Brazil. From those, type A botulism was observed in seven of them. Biological material of one case (serum and feces) was positive in the first step of the bioassay, but the amount of sample was not sufficient for typification. One of the outbreaks that occurred in 2001 was negative for botulinum toxin in samples of serum, gastric washing and feces, collected eight days before the onset of the symptoms in the affected person who was clinically diagnosed as presenting

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17

Williamson, Judy L., Tonie E. Rocke, and Judd M. Aiken. "In Situ Detection of the Clostridium botulinum Type C1 Toxin Gene in Wetland Sediments with a Nested PCR Assay." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (1999): 3240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.3240-3243.1999.

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ABSTRACT A nested PCR was developed for detection of the Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin gene in sediments collected from wetlands where avian botulism outbreaks had or had not occurred. The C1 toxin gene was detected in 16 of 18 sites, demonstrating both the ubiquitous distribution of C. botulinum type C in wetland sediments and the sensitivity of the detection assay.

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18

Amar, Corinne Francoise Laurence, Burhan Ahmed, Jonathan Finch, Dunstan Rajendram, Vanessa K. Wong, and Gauri Godbole. "Review of Foodborne Botulism in the UK: 2006–2024." Foods 14, no. 15 (2025): 2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14152584.

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Food-borne botulism is a rare but serious disease caused by ingestion of botulinum neurotoxin pre-formed in food by Clostridium botulinum. Between 2006 and 2009, no foodborne botulism cases were reported in the UK. However, the period from 2010 to 2024 saw 13 cases, encompassing seven separate incidents and two outbreaks, with no reported fatalities. Cases were predominantly linked to imported, home-made, and artisanal foods, occasionally to commercial products. Diagnostic and public health challenges include delayed clinical diagnosis, delayed sample collection, inadequate specimen volumes, a

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Le Gratiet, Thibault, Typhaine Poezevara, Sandra Rouxel, et al. "Development of An Innovative and Quick Method for the Isolation of Clostridium botulinum Strains Involved in Avian Botulism Outbreaks." Toxins 12, no. 1 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010042.

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Avian botulism is a serious neuroparalytic disease mainly caused by a type C/D botulinum neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum group III, one of the entwined bacterial species from the Clostridium novyi sensu lato genospecies. Its isolation is very challenging due to the absence of selective media and the instability of the phage carrying the gene encoding for the neurotoxin. The present study describes the development of an original method for isolating C. botulinum group III strains. Briefly, this method consists of streaking the InstaGene matrix extraction pellet on Egg Yolk Agar pla

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Martynova, G. P., A. A. Andreeva, Ya A. Bogvilene, et al. "Local outbreak of foodborne botulism in Krasnoyarsk." CHILDREN INFECTIONS 22, no. 3 (2023): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2023-22-3-62-65.

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Botulism is a serious infectious disease that has not lost its relevance today. Due to the widespread popularity of home canning, botulism is widespread everywhere, more often recorded in the form of sporadic cases and small (local) outbreaks. The paper presents a clinical case of a severe form of food botulism with the development of bulbar disorders and respiratory disorders in one of three patients united by one epidanamnesis. The complexity of differential diagnosis of botulism and the importance of timely diagnosis is emphasized.

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RELUN, A., L. DORSO, A. DOUART, et al. "A large outbreak of bovine botulism possibly linked to a massive contamination of grass silage by type D/CClostridium botulinumspores on a farm with dairy and poultry operations." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 16 (2017): 3477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817002382.

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SUMMARYType D bovine botulism outbreaks associated with poultry litter are increasingly reported in European countries, but the circumstances of exposure toClostridium botulinumtoxins remain unclear. In spring 2015, a large type D/C bovine botulism outbreak affected a farm with dairy and poultry operations. Epidemiological and laboratory investigations strongly suggest that the outbreak was caused by feeding cattle with insufficiently acidified grass silage that was contaminated by type D/CC. botulinumspores. The source of the spores remains unclear, but could have been a stack of poultry litt

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FOTIS (Γ. ΦΩΤΗΣ), G., and I. KIRKOUDIS (Ι. ΚΥΡΚΟΥΔΗΣ). "Clostrìdìum botulinum - A cause of fish mortality." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 52, no. 1 (2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15409.

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Clostridium botulinum type E proliferates in dead aquatic animals and sediments and it is distributed by water currents and infected fish. Botulism is a disease with great significance for both aquacultured fish and humans. The existing data about the subject are very few, and the aim of the present paper is to warn fish farmers and pathologists about the possibility of outbreaks in Greece.

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Kumar, Dashananda Nanda, Zina Baider, Daniel Elad, Shlomo E. Blum, and Giorgi Shtenberg. "Botulinum Neurotoxin-C Detection Using Nanostructured Porous Silicon Interferometer." Chemosensors 9, no. 8 (2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080228.

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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are the most potent toxins, which are produced by Clostridium bacteria and cause the life-threatening disease of botulism in all vertebrates. Specifically, animal botulism represents a serious environmental and economic concern in animal production due to the high mortality rates observed during outbreaks. Despite the availability of vaccines against BoNT, there are still many outbreaks of botulism worldwide. Alternative assays capable of replacing the conventional in vivo assay in terms of rapid and sensitive quantification, and the applicability for on-site analy

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Anza, Ibone, Dolors Vidal, Celia Laguna, et al. "Eutrophication and Bacterial Pathogens as Risk Factors for Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands Receiving Effluents from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 14 (2014): 4251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00949-14.

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ABSTRACTDue to the scarcity of water resources in the “Mancha Húmeda” Biosphere Reserve, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed as a solution for the conservation of natural threatened floodplain wetlands. In addition, wastewater treatment plants of many villages pour their effluent into nearby natural lakes. We hypothesized that certain avian pathogens present in wastewater may cause avian mortalities which would trigger avian botulism outbreaks. With the aim of testing our hypothesis, 24 locations distributed in three wetlands, two that receive wastewater effluents and one serving a

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Duff, Paul, Susan Neale, Ruth Cromie, Malcolm Kerr, and Richard Irvine. "Suspected avian botulism outbreaks in wild waterbirds." Veterinary Record 181, no. 7 (2017): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.j3829.

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Dodds, Karen L. "Restaurant-associated botulism outbreaks in North America." Food Control 1, no. 3 (1990): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7135(90)90005-w.

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Ihekwaba, Adaoha E. C., Ivan Mura, Pradeep K. Malakar, John Walshaw, Michael W. Peck, and G. C. Barker. "New Elements To Consider When Modeling the Hazards Associated with Botulinum Neurotoxin in Food." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 2 (2015): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00630-15.

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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by the anaerobic bacteriumClostridium botulinumare the most potent biological substances known to mankind. BoNTs are the agents responsible for botulism, a rare condition affecting the neuromuscular junction and causing a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild cranial nerve palsies to acute respiratory failure and death. BoNTs are a potential biowarfare threat and a public health hazard, since outbreaks of foodborne botulism are caused by the ingestion of preformed BoNTs in food. Currently, mathematical models relating to the hazards associated withC. bot

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Fillo, Silvia, Francesco Giordani, Elena Tonon, et al. "Extensive Genome Exploration of Clostridium botulinum Group III Field Strains." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (2021): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112347.

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In animals, botulism is commonly sustained by botulinum neurotoxin C, D or their mosaic variants, which are produced by anaerobic bacteria included in Clostridium botulinum group III. In this study, a WGS has been applied to a large collection of C. botulinum group III field strains in order to expand the knowledge on these BoNT-producing Clostridia and to evaluate the potentiality of this method for epidemiological investigations. Sixty field strains were submitted to WGS, and the results were analyzed with respect to epidemiological information and compared to published sequences. The strain

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SCHROETER, M., K. ALPERS, U. VAN TREECK, C. FRANK, N. ROSENKOETTER, and R. SCHAUMANN. "Outbreak of wound botulism in injecting drug users." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 11 (2009): 1602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809002544.

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SUMMARYBetween October and December 2005, 16 cases of wound botulism were notified to the health authorities of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. All patients were injecting drug users (IDU) and the epidemiological investigations suggested contaminated injection drugs as the most probable source of infection.Clostridium botulinumwas cultivated from clinical samples of six patients and molecular typing revealed that the different isolates were clonally identical. Two samples of heroin, one of them provided by a patient, were examined butC. botulinumcould not be isolated. This outbreak demonstrat

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NISHIURA, H. "Incubation period as a clinical predictor of botulism: analysis of previous izushi-borne outbreaks in Hokkaido, Japan, from 1951 to 1965." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 1 (2006): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006169.

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This study investigated 21 foodborne type-E botulism outbreaks, without antitoxin administration, from 1951 to 1965 in Hokkaido, Japan, to characterize the descriptive epidemiology and evaluate the relationship between case fatality and incubation period. The median (25–75% quartile) attack rate and case fatality, which were evaluated by outbreak, were 58·3% (38·0–73·2) and 25·7% (0·1–50·0) respectively. Individual records of 64 diagnoses, including 31 deaths, were also examined using logistic regression analysis, revealing that a shorter incubation period is likely to result in a significantl

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Lecour, H. "Food-borne botulism. A review of 13 outbreaks." Archives of Internal Medicine 148, no. 3 (1988): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.148.3.578.

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Macdonald, Thomas E., Charles H. Helma, Lawrence O. Ticknor, et al. "Differentiation of Clostridium botulinum Serotype A Strains by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 3 (2007): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01539-07.

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ABSTRACT Ten variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) regions identified within the complete genomic sequence of Clostridium botulinum strain ATCC 3502 were used to characterize 59 C. botulinum strains of the botulism neurotoxin A1 (BoNT/A1) to BoNT/A4 (BoNT/A1-A4) subtypes to determine their ability to discriminate among the serotype A strains. Two strains representing each of the C. botulinum serotypes B to G, including five bivalent strains, and two strains of the closely related species Clostridium sporogenes were also tested. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed the geneti

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Salmaso, S. "Rare diseases deserve attention." Eurosurveillance 4, no. 1 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.04.01.00049-en.

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In August, Eurosurveillance published reports of two outbreaks of trichinellosis detected in 1998 in France and Italy and linked with horse meat imported from Yugoslavia. This issue, otherwise dedicated to botulism, includes a report of a third one. Repor

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Kuehn, Bridget M. "Botulism Guidelines Aim to Help Prepare Clinicians for Outbreaks." JAMA 325, no. 24 (2021): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.8969.

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Petit, T. "Seasonal outbreaks of botulism in captive South American monkeys." Veterinary Record 128, no. 13 (1991): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.128.13.311.

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Fleck-Derderian, Shannon, Manjunath Shankar, Agam K. Rao, et al. "The Epidemiology of Foodborne Botulism Outbreaks: A Systematic Review." Clinical Infectious Diseases 66, suppl_1 (2017): S73—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix846.

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Grenda, Tomasz, Anna Grenda, Anna Jakubczyk, and Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk. "Opportunistic Features of Non-Clostridium botulinum Strains Containing bont Gene Cluster." Pathogens 13, no. 9 (2024): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090780.

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The cluster of genes determining the production of botulinum toxins is an attribute of not only the Clostridium botulinum species. This cluster is also found in other members of the Clostridium genus, such as C. baratii, C. butyricum, and C. sporogenes. The occurrence of a botulinum-like cluster has also been recorded in strains of other genera, i.e., Enterococcus faecium, as well as in a Gram-negative species isolated from freshwater sediments; however, the biological activity of bont-related genes has not been noted. It can be said that the mentioned species have a dual nature. Another speci

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Gutiérrez-Arnal, Josep, and Clara Marín. "The Latent Threat in Wild Birds: Clostridium botulinum." Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 1 (2024): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11010036.

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Avian botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum emerged in 1910, affecting birds across North America, leading to severe outbreaks exacerbated by climate change, decreasing water levels, and inadequate wastewater management. While deadly for birds, its epidemiological impact on humans and other animals remains limited. Despite its significance, understanding and controlling the disease remain challenging. This review delves into the pathogen’s epidemiology in wild bird populations, exploring the transmission, pathogenicity, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The disease’s growing conce

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Jones, Russell G. A., and James D. Marks. "Use of a new functional dual coating (FDC) assay to measure low toxin levels in serum and food samples following an outbreak of human botulism." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 6 (2013): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.053124-0.

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Clostridium botulinum type A toxin is the most prevalent cause of naturally occurring outbreaks of human botulism in the world. The active dichain neurotoxin molecule is composed of a heavy chain (H-chain) of ~100 kDa with the carboxy-terminal end consisting of a receptor-binding (HC) domain, while the amino-terminal (HN) domain is linked by a critical disulfide bond to a light chain (L-chain) of ~50 kDa. Although the mouse bioassay (MBA) is traditionally used to confirm the presence of toxin in serum or food, its sensitivity is insufficient to detect low toxin levels in approximately 30 to 60

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Fach, Patrick, Maryse Gibert, Remy Griffais, and Michel R. Popoff. "Investigation of animal botulism outbreaks by PCR and standard methods." FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 13, no. 4 (1996): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695x.1996.tb00252.x.

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van der Burgt, G. M., E. S. E. Mitchell, A. Otter, K. A. Whitaker, and R. Hogg. "Seven outbreaks of suspected botulism in sheep in the UK." Veterinary Record 161, no. 1 (2007): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.1.28.

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Silva, Rodrigo O. S., Sandra Y. M. Gómez, Lilian B. Medeiros, et al. "Antitoxin therapy of natural avian botulism outbreaks occurred in Brazil." Anaerobe 48 (December 2017): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.005.

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Silva-Andrade, Claudia, Alberto J. Martin, and Daniel Garrido. "Comparative Genomics of Clostridium baratii Reveals Strain-Level Diversity in Toxin Abundance." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020213.

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Clostridium baratii strains are rare opportunistic pathogens associated with botulism intoxication. They have been isolated from foods, soil and be carried asymptomatically or cause botulism outbreaks. Is not taxonomically related to Clostridium botulinum, but some strains are equipped with BoNT/F7 cluster. Despite their relationship with diseases, our knowledge regarding the genomic features and phylogenetic characteristics is limited. We analyzed the pangenome of C. baratii to understand the diversity and genomic features of this species. We compared existing genomes in public databases, met

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Anniballi, Fabrizio, Alfonsina Fiore, Charlotta Löfström, et al. "Management of Animal Botulism Outbreaks: From Clinical Suspicion to Practical Countermeasures to Prevent or Minimize Outbreaks." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 11, S1 (2013): S191—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2012.0089.

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Le Gratiet, T., F. Anniballi, J. Boutant, et al. "Typing of C. botulinum involved in avian botulism outbreaks in France: Evaluation of a new tool." Animal - science proceedings 13, no. 5 (2022): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anscip.2022.05.093.

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SOOS, CATHERINE, and GARY WOBESER. "Identification of Primary Substrate in the Initiation of Avian Botulism Outbreaks." Journal of Wildlife Management 70, no. 1 (2006): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2006)70[43:iopsit]2.0.co;2.

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Mawhinney, I., D. Palmer, F. Gessler, et al. "Investigation of serology for diagnosis of outbreaks of botulism in cattle." Veterinary Journal 192, no. 3 (2012): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.024.

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Franciosa, Giovanna. "What Links the Mascarpone and Nacho Cheese Sauce Outbreaks of Botulism." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 8 (2019): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz700.

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Rocke, Tonie E., and Michael D. Samuel. "Water and Sediment Characteristics Associated with Avian Botulism Outbreaks in Wetlands." Journal of Wildlife Management 63, no. 4 (1999): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802842.

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BÜLBÜLOĞLU, SEMRA, Yaşar Altun, and Ali Arık. "Foodborne botulism in southeast Turkey in over a five-year period." Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR 7, no. 17 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46648/gnj.369.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate food-borne botulism cases (especially purslane) observed in Adıyaman, a southeastern province of Turkey. Material and Methods: This retrospective study covers food-borne botulism cases, especially due to purslane, which were detected in 9 out of 796 people admitted to the emergency department due to food poisoning in Adıyaman between 2015-2020. The demographic characteristics of the cases, nutritional sources, and prognosis of the disease, its clinical signs and symptoms, duration of hospital stay, and treatment and death rates were analyzed. Resu

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