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1
Low, Janina Francisca Aili. "It’s Not Just a Burn : Physical and Psychological Problems after Burns." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Plastikkirurgi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7758.
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Survival after severe burns has improved in recent decades, but there is limited information on the course of recovery after surviving a burn and on factors that can affect recovery. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the occurrence of physical and psychological problems after burns, and to examine the consequences of psychological problems for the clinical management of burn patients. Three groups of consecutive patients who were treated at the Burn Unit at Uppsala University Hospital between 1980 and 2005 were included in the studies. The Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS) was used for self-report of burn-specific aspects of health. Personality traits and coping strategies as psychological factors during recovery were examined with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) and the Coping with Burns Questionnaire (CBQ). Presence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) was used to determine the concurrent validity of the IES-R as a measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, the effect of pre-injury psychiatric morbidity on perceived health one year after injury was assessed. Both pruritus and nightmares were common problems after burns; 59% of the individuals in the study reported pruritus and 43% reported nightmares. Neuroticism-related personality traits and avoidant coping strategies were associated with an increased risk of having pruritus or nightmares. The presence of nightmares could be used as a screening tool for high scores in the IES-R. The IES-R was in turn shown to be a good, although overly inclusive, test for the diagnosis of PTSD. Pre-injury psychiatric morbidity predicted perceived outcome in six out of nine burn-specific health domains. These studies show that psychological factors and psychiatric morbidity affect outcome after burns.
2
Murray, Kristen A. School of Media Theatre & Film & School of Sociology UNSW. "???Bury, burn or dump???: black humour in the late twentieth century." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Media, Theatre & Film and School of Sociology, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31475.
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In humour studies research, there have been few attempts to elucidate why black humour was such a prevalent, powerful force in late twentieth century culture and why it continues to make a profound impression in the new millennium. As Dana Polan (1991) laments: ???Rarely have there been attempts to offer material, historically specific explanations of particular manifestations of the comic???.1 This thesis offers an interdisciplinary analysis of black humour in the late twentieth century. I contend that the experience of black humour emerges from the intricacies of human beliefs and behaviours surrounding death and through the diverse rituals that shape experiences of loss. I suggest that black humour is an attempt to articulate the tension between the haunting absence and disturbing presence of death in contemporary society. Chapter 1 of this thesis offers an historical and etymological perspective on black humour. In Chapter 2, I argue that the increasing privatisation and medicalisation of death, along with the overt mediatisation of death, creates a problematic juxtaposition. I contend that these unique social conditions created, and continue to foster, an ideal environment for the creation and proliferation of black humour. In Chapters 3 and 4, I examine the structures and functions of black humour through three key theories of humour: incongruity, catharsis and superiority. Chapter 5 looks at ways in which the experience of black humour creates resolutions and forces dissonances for people entwined with loss. In this final chapter, I also consider how black humour may help people make meaning from issues surrounding death. Throughout this theoretical discussion, I interweave the analysis of a range of scenes from contemporary black comic texts (i.e. plays, screenplays and television scripts). On the whole, this thesis works towards a more complex, specific understanding of the phenomenon of black humour within a social context.
3
Low, Janina Francisca Aili. "It's not just a burn : physical and psychological problems after burns /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7758.
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Quan, Raymond Thai. "A histological analysis of burn wound progression." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210569/1/Raymond_Quan_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the pathological mechanisms occurring in burn wounds responsible for burn wound progression. It utilises histological analyses of porcine burn wound models to identify multiple burn damage markers and their role in causing further tissue damage. A novel method of burn assessment was developed to measure burn intensity, advancing current burn assessment research. The examination of burn wounds at various times post-burn demonstrated that the blockage of blood vessels played a significant role in the progression and intensity of burn depth over time.
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張嘉恩 and Kar-yan Tammy Cheung. "[The green burn]." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47545288.
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Sands, Jaynie E. "A reflective analysis of burn wound care: The Australian burns nurse' perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/940.
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The purpose of this historiographical nursing study was to explore Australian Burn Wound Care from a nursing perspective, at two periods of time. It was the intention of the author to explore practices at the inception of specialised burns units, from the 1950's, presenting an historical perspective, and at the present time, May 1995. Eleven burns units across Australia participated in the study. There were 22 participants in the research sample. Each burns unit identified the first Charge Nurse (n =11) and the current Clinical Nurse Specialist (n =11), to be involved in the data collection process. The conceptual framework for this study incorporates the Reflective Cycle (Gibbs, 1988) succinctly incorporating the 'who', 'where', 'why', 'when' and 'what' aspects of the historical method of inquiry. An interview guide, used in conjunction with three photographs depicting burn wounds, provided interview structure for the data collection. A variety of historical data were gathered and analysed. These included scientific medical and nursing texts, foundation minutes, reports and conference papers of Australian and New Zealand Bums Association, to gain perspective of Australian Bum Wound Care. However, the data collated from 1950 to 1996 uncovered no written material on bum wound care. The information available was obtained exclusively from the indepth interviews. The data collated for the current perspective included hospital/ burns unit protocols and indepth interviews with key nursing personnel. A field trip facilitated the data collection, enabling semi-structured, audiotaped interviews in person and the opportunity to visit hospital libraries. The findings of the study have been organised to show bum wound care practices endorsed by Australian burns units, at the inception of specialised facilities, and at the present time.
7
Lesmana, Brian. "The Role of Androgens in Burn Wound Healing." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21115.
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Background/Objective: Androgens are not currently part of the therapeutic guidelines in burns management. However, oxandrolone, an androgen analogue, has been reported to have significant benefits in burn wound recovery, but there are still concerns regarding its side effect profile. Preliminary studies have identified that the inactivation of androgen receptors (AR) slows wound healing post-burn injury. This finding is opposite to that of experimental evidence for androgens in cutaneous (non-burn) wound healing, on which they exert an inhibitory effect. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of androgen signalling in severe, hypermetabolic burn injury both at the local wound and systemic levels. Design: Experimental study. Setting: Research laboratory. Subjects: Male Balb/c mice; wild type (WT) and androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) using Cre/LoxP system. Interventions: 4 cm2 contact burn injury (representing 10% Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)). Main Results: ARKO mice demonstrated slower wound healing and poorer body weight maintenance and recovery. This was associated with preferential activation of white adipose tissue over brown adipose tissue, larger splenic size and smaller hepatic size. There was no difference in local wound inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression between WT and ARKO mice. Conclusions: Androgens play a positive modifying role in wound healing in the context of burn injury, a finding opposite to its reported inhibitory actions in cutaneous wound healing. This is likely resultant from an attenuation of the systemic hypermetabolic response. This contradictory, contextdependent action urges further research into the beneficiary effects of androgens in burns management, particularly its modulation of systemic inflammation and the host immune response.
8
Webb, Julia B. "A Thing to Burn." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1587047485421102.
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Holt, Rachel. "Defining the epidemiology of severe burn injury in Greater Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-the-epidemiology-of-severe-burn-injury-in-greater-manchester(c71707a8-6e9b-47eb-9003-c6ef86c54bbe).html.
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Burn injuries are one of the most painful and potentially debilitating traumatic injuries that a person can suffer. Every reader is likely to have, at some point in their life, suffered a burn injury, no matter how minor and therefore can have some comprehension of the pain and suffering associated with significant burn injury. Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults. Although much has been done to optimise pre-hospital care and emergent treatment of injuries in recent times, the mainstay of managing death and disability from traumatic injury must lie in preventing these injuries where at all possible. To enable effective preventative strategies to be put in place it is important to define the demographics of those injured and the mechanisms of injury for any given population. Only then can we ensure that strategies are targeted in the areas where they are most needed at the mechanisms that are occurring most commonly. This study has combined a number of data sources namely burns service, fire service, coroners' service and accident and emergency department in an attempt to define the epidemiology and aetiology of burn injury in Greater Manchester. Data from the different sources was pooled and underwent a process of data-linkage to remove duplicate records. Rates have been calculated and compared according to age group, sex group and deprivation status. Poisson regression modelling was used to calculate the rate ratios amongst the different groups. Postcode data was used to allow geographical mapping of injuries across the county to allow rates to be calculated for different areas of the city. Where rates have been calculated for small area geographies Bayesian modelling was used to predict injury rates for those areas. Maps have been produced that show the areas with the highest rates of injury. The results show that in children it is the under five age group that have the highest rates of injury, particularly the under 2's. In adults, those over 75 years of age have the highest rates of injury. For all age groups males were more likely to be injured than females. In both children and adults higher rates of injury were seen in those areas where there were increased levels of deprivation. Key mechanisms of injury for individual age groups have been highlighted. The maps of Greater Manchester and its constituent local authorities show those areas with the highest rates of injury. The definition of target demographic groups and geographical areas within Greater Manchester will be used to allow development of targeted prevention strategies in those areas.
10
Coffey, Rebecca A. "Burn Injury and Diabetes: Description, Trends and Resource Utilization Using the National Burn Repository Data from 2002-2011." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451845672.
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Griffin, Brian Joseph. "Improvements to an analytical multiple-shooting approach for optimal burn-coast-burn ascent guidance." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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12
Gomez, Ospina Manuel. "Predicting death in burn patients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63148.pdf.
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Schemmel, Frank [Verfasser]. "Haftungsfall Burn-Out / Frank Schemmel." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080461582/34.
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14
Bradley, Paul. "William Burn : the country house." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402931.
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Simmons, Josh C. "Fukushima Meltdown Reactor: Burn Everything." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1428239598.
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Pan, Un-Quei Winkey. "Burn-in with mixed populations /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636477037.
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Hassan, Zahid. "Human burn wound re-epithelialisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548995.
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Albertyn, Rene. "The measurement of procedural burn pain and anxiety in paediatric burns : the new BOPAS method." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8788.
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Includes bibliographical references.The assessment of pain and anxiety in South Africa is complicated by language barriers, cultural differences, socio-economic difficulties and delayed cognitive development. The high number of paediatric burn injuries (annually 2000) treated at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, the need to accurately assess pain and drug efficacy and the current lack of specifically designed methods to do so, led to the development of the Burn Observational Pain and Anxiety Scale (BOPAS). This scale is believed to be the first of its kind and was designed to measure both pain and anxiety in burned children. The aim of this study was: - To develop an observational pain and anxiety scale that can overcome ianguage barriers by excluding patient involvement in the assessment process. - To develop a scale that can differentiate between pain and anxiety during wound care procedures. - To develop a method that facilitates the translation of nominai information into numerical data. - To develop a scale that can evaluate drug and dose efficacy. A total of 105 chiidren, (M = 65, F = 40) aged 2-12 (average age 6.8 years), admitted for minor to moderate burn injuries to the Burns Unit of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, were included in the sample. Five different consecutive studies varying between explorative and quasi-experimental were conducted to determine different levels of validity and reliability.
19
Lindahl, Andreas. "Neuroendocrine Stress Response after Burn Trauma." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Plastikkirurgi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198466.
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Some aspects of the stress response during acute intensive care for severe burns are described and quantified by measuring hormonal and neuroendocrine patterns and relating these to organ function in the short term. This includes an assessment of whether there are markers for the severity of stress that are better than conventional descriptors of the severity of a burn in predicting failing organ function. P-CgA after a major burn injury is an independent and better predictor of organ dysfunction assessed as SOFA score than the traditionally used TBSA% burned. The results also suggest that the extent of neuroendocrine activation is related to organ dysfunction, and this motivates a more extensive effort to evaluate P-CgA as a prognostic marker with respect to mortality and long-term outcome. P-NT-proBNP exhibited a complex pattern with considerable inter-individual and day-to-day variations. Values of P-NT-proBNP were related to size of burn, water accumulation and systemic inflammatory response. A considerable covariation with trauma response and SOFA scores was observed in day by day analyses, but with weight change only on day 2. Maximum P-NT-proBNP showed a stronger correlation with SOFA score on day 14, with mortality, and with LOS, than did age and TBSA% burned. High values were also independent predictors of all subsequent SOFA scores up to two weeks after injury. P-NT-proBNP and NT-proANP reflect and predict organ function after burn injury similarly, notwithstanding a significantly larger intra-individual variability for P-NT-proBNP. P-NT-proBNP, but not NT-proANP, reflects the systemic inflammatory trauma response. Free cortisol concentration was related to the size of burns, as was the circadian cortisol rhythm. This effect of burn size was, at least in part, related to its effect on organ function. This thesis points to the fact that the stress response is richly interwoven, and cannot be adequately assessed by one biomarker only. All biomarkers studied here can be viewed as representing efferent limbs of the stress reaction, and they would need to be supplemented by biomarkers representing individual physiologic responses that follow the stress signaling.
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Moody, B. J. "Serum protein changes after burn injury." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381367.
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Bearham, D. A. "The cardiovascular consequences of burn injury." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374058.
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Hawkins, L. C. "Parental adjustment following paediatric burn injury." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009495/.
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Mokhonyok, Z. A., and H. A. Logvinyuk. "The simple model of chemical burn." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27503.
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Mokhonyok, Z. A., and H. A. Lohvynyuk. "The simple model of chemical burn." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27495.
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Kim, Jayne Y. "Mechanical Regulation of Burn Wound Scarring." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437478345.
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Tsai, Kevin Hung-Yueh. "Skin Glucocorticoid Metabolismin in Burn Injury." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25579.
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The development of excessive scarring and fibrosis have become the most severe and common complications of burn injury. Current treatments have limited effect on postburn scarring. Prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids (Cushing’s syndrome) detrimentally impacts on skin, leading to skin thinning and impaired wound healing. A major source of glucocorticoids in skin is local production by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β-HSD1). We hypothesised that skin glucocorticoid metabolism by 11β-HSD1 is an important regulator of wound healing, fibrosis and scarring after burn injury. We additionally proposed that pharmacological manipulation of this system would improve outcomes of burn wound healing.
We examined glucocorticoid metabolism in burn and non-burn skin from burn injury patients (n=14) and mouse models of burn injury (1cm2 full thickness burn in C57Bl/6 mice). We utilised mice with genetic or pharmacological deletion of 11β-HSD1 in skin to evaluate the effects of 11β-HSD1on burn injury healing and wound fibrosis. We also developed slow release scaffolds containing therapeutic agents including inactive glucocorticoids (prednisone) that are selectively reactivated in skin cells expressing 11β-HSD1.
Expression of 11β-HSD1 in human and mouse skin increased substantially after burn injury (7.1±1.8-fold increase on day 4-9 compared to non-burn skin, p<0.05). Mice with 11β-HSD1 deletion experienced faster wound healing post burn (17% reduced wound area at day 7 compared to wildtype, p<0.0001) but healed wounds had excessive collagen density, myofibroblast accumulation and skin stiffness and strength (359±57 kPa tensile strength in wildtype mice compared to 513±88 kPa in 11β-HSD1 KO mice, p<0.05). In wildtype mice application of scaffolds loaded with inactive glucocorticoid (prednisone) significantly reduced scar size, myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production, demonstrating feasibility of using enzyme substrates to improve wound outcomes.
The findings demonstrate the importance of skin 11β-HSD1 in wound healing and scarring after burn injury and indicates ways in which excessive scarring might be prevented.
27
Lewandowski, Taylor. "This Is How You Burn Away." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2018. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/507.
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Pegg, Stuart Phillip. "Epidemiology of adult burn injuries in Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19341.pdf.
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Melek, Zeki. "Interactive simulation of fire, burn and decomposition." Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85805.
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This work presents an approach to effectively integrate into one unified modular
fire simulation framework the major processes related to fire, namely: a burning
process, chemical combustion, heat distribution, decomposition and deformation of
burning solids, and rigid body simulation of the residue. Simulators for every stage
are described, and the modular structure enables switching to different simulators if
more accuracy or more interactivity is desired. A "Stable Fluids" based three gas
system is used to model the combustion process, and the heat generated during the
combustion is used to drive the flow of the hot air. Objects, if exposed to enough
heat, ignite and start burning. The decomposition of the burning object is modeled as
a level set method, driven by the pyrolysis process, where the burning object releases
combustible gases. Secondary deformation effects, such as bending burning matches
and crumpling burning paper, are modeled as a proxy based deformation.
Physically based simulation, done at interactive rates, enables the user to ef-
ficiently test different setups, as well as interact and change the conditions during
the simulation. The graphics card is used to generate additional frames for real-time
visualization.
This work further proposes a method for controlling and directing high resolution
simulations. An interactive coarse resolution simulation is provided to the user as a "preview" to control and achieve the desired simulation behavior. A higher resolution "final" simulation that creates all the fine scale behavior is matched to the preview
simulation such that the preview and final simulations behave in a similar manner.
In this dissertation, we highlighted a gap within the CG community for the
simulation of fire. There has not previously been a physically based yet interactive
simulation for fire. This dissertation describes a unified simulation framework for
physically based simulation of fire and burning. Our results show that our implementation
can model fire, objects catching fire, burning objects, decomposition of
burning objects, and additional secondary deformations. The results are plausible
even at interactive frame rates, and controllable.
30
Pompermaier, Laura. "Outcome of burn care : the mortality perspective." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för Kirurgi, Ortopedi och Onkologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142897.
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Background: Despite the improvements in burn care during the last decades, burns remain catastrophic for the patients and a challenge for the care-givers. The early outcome of burn care is to assess its quality and to improve it, but the crucial outcome is mortality, which is the main focus of this thesis. In particular, I address questions about mortality that have arisen from working with burned patients and that can have clinical consequences: the impact of pre- existing medical conditions; long-term survival; the causes of unexpected deaths; and the possible differences between sexes in the provision of resources. Patients with burns share the fact that the time of their injury is known, its severity can be quantified from the size of the burn, and the care is relatively standardised. The analysis of outcome among burned patients treated at a single burn centre may therefore be of general value to others who treat burns. Methods: We retrospectively analysed data that had been collected prospectively (the burn unit database) from patients with burns admitted consecutively to a national burn centre in Sweden during the last 25 years. Results: Age and percentage of total body surface area burned (TBSA %) affected the in- hospital mortality, whereas pre-existing medical conditions did not influence the prediction of outcome (Paper I). After discharge, both age and the presence of full thickness burns reduced the long-term survival, whereas the extent of the burn (TBSA %) did not (Paper II). Most patients with moderate burns who die in hospital despite a good prognosis, die for reasons other than the burn (Paper III). Previously, it has been shown that sex is not an independent factor for mortality during burn care; in this thesis we show that the sex of the patients did not affect the number of medical interventions given either (Paper IV). Conclusion: The addition of “coexisting condition” to a mortality model based on age and size of burn does not improve its predictive value; rather, the factor “age” is sufficient to adjust for comorbidity in the assessment of a burn and its outcome (Paper I). If patients with burns survive, the long-term prognosis is good. The effect of age is the one that governs survival, whereas the effect of the extent of the burn ends when the patient is discharged (Paper II). The in-hospital mortality during burn care is low, but some patients die for reasons other than the actual burn (Paper III). In a centre where the mortality is independent of the sex of the patient, the provision of medical interventions is also equal between men and women (Paper IV).Questa tesi tratta del rischio di morte in seguito ad ustioni ed affronta, con approccio scientifico, alcune domande sollevate frequentemente da pazienti e da addetti ai lavori. In particolare:
- a presenza di altre malattie a prescindere dall´ustione (diabete, nefropatie, alcolismo, etc.) peggiora la prognosi del paziente? L´essere sopravvissuto ad un´ustione riduce l´aspettativa di vita dopo la dimissione dall´ospedale? Qual è la causa di morte in quei (rari) pazienti che muoiono con ustioni di modesta entità? Il sesso del paziente influenza le cure prestate durante il ricovero ed, in tal caso, qual è l´effetto sulla prognosi? Spesso avevamo risposto a questi interrogativi di interesse clinico basandoci sull´esperienza o su luoghi comuni accettati acriticamente. Con questa tesi abbiamo cercato con metodo scientifico delle risposte di valore generale, analizzando i dati raccolti durante l´ultimo ventennio sui pazienti ricoverati a causa di traumi termici al Centro Nazionale Grandi Ustioni dell´Università di Linköping. In Svezia, come negli altri paesi a reddito medio-alto, il tasso di mortalità in seguito ad ustioni è diminuito notevolmente negli ultimi anni, tuttavia l´obbiettivo principale tra gli addetti ai lavori rimane quello di diminuire ulteriormente la mortalità. L´identificazione precoce di pazienti ad alto rischio di morte fornisce un mezzo utile per migliorarne la prognosi. A tale proposito sono stati sviluppati numerosi modelli matematici in grado di calcolare la probabilità di morte in seguito ad ustioni, basati principalmente sull`età del paziente e sull´ estensione dell´ustione. Infatti, è intuitivamente comprensibile che il rischio di morire aumenti con l´età del paziente e la gravità dell´ustione. Nel nostro primo studio abbiamo aggiunto ad un modello prognostico basato su età e superficie corporea ustionata informazioni sulle malattie già presenti nel paziente prima dell`ustione. Contrariamente a quanto ipotizzato, la presenza di altre malattie negli ustionati non ne aumenta la probabilità di morte. Nel nostro secondo studio abbiamo seguito i pazienti sopravvissuti all´ustione dopo la dimissione dal nostro Centro ed abbiano dimostrato che l´ustione in se´ non ne accorcia la vita ne´a breve termine (nei 30 giorni seguenti la dimissione), ne´a lungo termine. È piuttosto inusuale che pazienti con ustioni di modesta gravitá muioiano durante il ricovero ospedaliero. Nel nostro terzo studio abbiamo dimostrato che la principale cause di morte tra questi pazienti non è correlata all´ustione in se´, ma ad altre patologie indipendenti dal trauma termico, quali l´ictus o l´infarto miocardico. A livello internazionale è stato ampiamente documentato un impari impiego delle cure mediche tra i sessi, a discapito delle donne. Questa disparità riguarda principalmente la diversa allocazione delle risorse terapeutiche, ma ha conseguenze negative sul´esito finale della cura. Studi provenienti da diversi centri per la terapia delle grandi ustioni (USA, Australia, India) hanno dimostrato che il rischio di morte in ospedale è maggiore per le pazienti femmine. In contrasto con questo, una precedente ricerca svolta presso il nostro centro non ha mostrato alcuna differenza nella sopravvivenza tra uomini e donne. Anche tra i pazienti della terapia intensiva generale svedese la mortalità è simile per entrambi i sessi, nonostante gli uomini ricevano più trattamenti rispetto alle donne. Questa osservazione apre le porte ad un´ovvia domanda, e cioè: se le donne ricevessero le stesse attenzioni degli uomini morirebbero esse su scala minore? In linea con i risultati riguardanti la mortalità precedentemente pubblicati dal nostro centro, col nostro quarto studio abbiamo dimostrato che non esiste alcuna disparità tra i sessi nella distribuzione delle risorse. In sintesi, con questa tesi abbiamo dimostrato che:
- i fattori che maggiormente influenzano la prognosi in caso di ustione sono l'età del paziente e l´area corporea ustionata; la presenza di altre patologie non aumenta significativamente il rischio di morte. L´essere sopravvissutto ad un´ustione non riduce l´aspettativa di vita dopo la dimissione dall´ospedale. Una percentuale non indifferente delle morti che si verificano durante il periodo di cura per ustioni di modesta gravità è causata da fattori indipendenti dall´ustione stessa. Uomini e donne nel nostro centro ricevono equo trattamento. La prognosi per donne e uomini ricoverati nel nostro centro è la stessa. Riteniamo che i risultati presentati in questa tesi dovrebbero essere tenuti in considerazione nella terapia dei pazienti ustionati: il trattamento attivo dovrebbe essere offerto a chiunque abbia una ragionevole possibilità di sopravvivenza, calcolata sulla base dell´età e della gravità dell´ustione. Una volta guariti da un´ustione l´aspettativa di vita è buona. Non va scordato che, tra i pazienti che muoiono in seguito ad un´ustione, le cause di morte potrebbero essere dovute a patologie di altra natura. Non si evidenziano differenze nelle mortalitá, lí dove venga offerto uguale trattamento a uomini e donne.
Dödligheten efter brännskador har minskat under de senaste årtiondena, likväl kvarstår målet att ytterligare minska risken att avlida. Syftet med denna avhandling var att studera prognosen efter brännskador, och i synnerhet att analysera dödligheten ur olika perspektiv. De modeller som brukar användas inom brännskadevård för att förutse dödlighet baseras framför allt på brännskadeyta och ålder. Det är emellertid oklart huruvida patientens samsjuklighet påverkar prognosen, och huruvida åldern kan ersätta uppgifter om samsjukligheten. I det första arbetet har detta undersökts genom analys av befintliga vårdregisterdata i Sverige. Att addera information om samsjukligheten till en modell baserat på ålder och brännskadeyta gav inte säkrare förutsägelser. En återkommande fråga inom brännskadevården har varit huruvida patienter som överlever tiden på sjukhus har förkortad långsiktig överlevnad. I det andra arbetet har detta undersökts genom en uppföljning av samtliga patienter som behandlats vid det nationella brännskadecentrat i Linköping. Resultaten visar att skadans svårighetsgrad (brännskadeytan) inte påverkar hur länge patienterna lever efter utskrivning, medan effekten av ålder är avgörande för överlevnaden på lång sikt. Det är ovanligt att patienter som vårdas på sjukhus för brännskador avlider. En viktig observation som gjorts i detta sammanhang är att bland dem som dör under dessa omständigheter återfinns individer vars dödsorsak inte är relaterad till själva brännskadan. Detta gäller särskilt för dem som dör trots att skadeutbredningen är relativt sett liten. Fokus för det tredje arbetet var att undersöka vilka dödsorsaker som är relevanta för gruppen i fråga. Resultaten visar att en inte oväsentlig del av dödsfallen var orsakade av andra faktorer än de som är direkt kopplade till själva brännskadan, exempelvis hjärnblödning eller hjärtinfarkt. Det är väl dokumenterat att ojämlikhet mellan könen ofta föreligger vid medicinsk vård med en diskriminering för kvinnor både avseende resursallokering och utfall (dödlighet). Detta finns visat inom olika sektorer, till exempel finns det visat att mortalitetsutfallet är lika mellan män och kvinnor inom allmän svensk intensivvård men att män får fler behandlingsinsatser än kvinnor. Studier från olika brännskadecentra (USA, Australien, Indien) har visat att risken att avlida på sjukhus efter en brännskada är högre för kvinnliga patienter. I motsats till detta finns resultat från en studie vid Brännskadecentrum i Linköping där ingen skillnad i överlevnad kunde påvisas efter justering för skadans storlek och patienternas ålder. I det fjärde arbetet har resursfördelning undersökts ur ett könsperspektiv. Validerade metoder för att mäta vårdinterventioner har använts. I linje med tidigare resultat, med lika överlevnad mellan könen, visade även denna studie att ingen skillnad i resursfördelning mellan könen kunde påvisas. Sammanfattningsvis visar fynden i denna avhandling att risken av dö av brännskador ökar med åldern och brännskadeytans storlek, och att addering av samsjuklighet inte ger säkrare förutsägelser därutöver. Vidare, att den långsiktiga prognosen är god för de brännskadepatienter som överlever vårdtiden på sjukhus. En inte oväsentlig del av dödsfallen som sker under vårdtiden är orsakade av andra faktorer än de som är direkt kopplade till själva brännskadan. Slutligen har vi visat att behandlingen av manliga och kvinnliga patienter vid ett nationellt brännskadecentrum är jämlik med avseende på resursfördelning och överlevnad. Slutsatserna som presenteras i denna avhandling bör beaktas vid behandling av brännskadepatienter: data stödjer således ytterligare att aktiv behandling bör erbjudas alla som har en rimlig chans att överleva beräknat utifrån de prediktioner som kan göras med de prediktionsmodeller som presenterats. Denna konklusion är mycket viktig sett ur ett behandlingsperspektiv för denna patientgrupp. Prognostiska modeller avseende mortalitetsprediktion optimeras om dödsfall med dödsorsaker som inte är relaterade till brännskadan tas bort vid analysen. Vid ett brännskadecentrum där könsjämlik behandling av brännskadepatienter tillämpas, påverkar patientens kön inte utfallet. Detta resultat är glädjande men samtidigt unikt, sett ur ett övergripande vårdperspektiv.
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Malic, Claudia Cristina. "Personalized patient education in a burn centre." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545728.
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Chati, Yashovardhan Sushil. "Statistical modeling of aircraft engine fuel burn." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115658.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-177).
Fuel burn is a key driver of aircraft performance, and contributes to airline costs and aviation emissions. While the trajectory (ground track) of a flight can be observed using surveillance systems, its fuel consumption is generally not disseminated by the operating airline. Emissions inventories and benefits assessment tools therefore need models that can predict the fuel flow rate profile and fuel burn of a flight, given its trajectory data. Most existing fuel burn estimation tools rely on an architecture that is centered around the Base of Aircraft Data (BADA), an aircraft performance model developed by EUROCONTROL. Operational data (including trajectory data) are generally processed in order to generate the inputs needed by BADA, which then provides an estimate of the fuel flow rate and fuel burn. Although a versatile tool that covers a large number of aircraft types, BADA makes several assumptions that are not representative of real-world operations. Consequently, the reliance on BADA results in errors in the fuel burn estimates. Additionally, existing fuel burn modeling tools provide deterministic predictions, thereby not capturing the operational variability seen in practice. This thesis proposes an alternative model architecture that enables the development of data-driven, statistical models of fuel burn. The parameters of interest are the instantaneous fuel flow rate (that is, the mass of fuel consumed per unit time) and the fuel burn (cumulative mass of fuel consumed over a particular phase or the entire trajectory). The new model architecture uses supervised learning algorithms to directly map aircraft trajectory variables to the fuel flow rate, and subsequently, fuel burn. The models are trained and validated using operational data from flight recorders, and therefore reflect real-world operations. A physical understanding of aircraft and engine performance is leveraged for feature selection. An important characteristic of statistical methods is that they provide both estimates of mean values, as well as predictive distributions reflecting the variability and uncertainty. Locally expert models are developed for each aircraft type and for each of the flight phases. The Bayesian technique of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is found to be well-suited for modeling fuel burn. The resulting models are found to be significantly better than state-of-the-art aircraft performance models in predicting the fuel flow rate and fuel burn of a trajectory, giving up to a 63% improvement in total airborne fuel burn prediction over the BADA model. Finally, the Takeoff Weight (TOW) of an aircraft is recognized as an important variable for determining the fuel burn. The thesis therefore develops and evaluates a methodology to estimate the TOW of a flight, using trajectory data from its takeoff ground roll. The proposed statistical models are found to result in up to a 76% smaller error than the Aircraft Noise and Performance (ANP) database, which is used currently for TOW estimation.
by Yashovardhan Sushil Chati.
Ph. D.
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Pashley, Nicholas C. "Ignition systems for lean burn gas engines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b5fcf2d4-b27b-4b3b-a593-ee307ec80f3a.
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This thesis describes an experimental investigation into ignition systems, their effects on the combustion process, and how the discharge is affected by the prevailing pressure, temperature and flow. The work is divided into four main areas, a comprehensive literature review, engine testing for ignition system suitability, non-flow rig testing (including erosion) and flow rig testing. The literature review concluded that the most practical ignition system for lean burn gas engines will continue to be based on the spark plug, but in the medium to long term, laser ignition may become viable. The measurement of the HT voltage and current is not straightforward, and appropriate methods have been identified. Capacitive and inductive ignition system types were compared in lean and diluted conditions on a single cylinder research engine of modern design at different engine loads and speeds. It was found that the most beneficial ignition system was an inductive ignition system, although that for some conditions, capacitive systems induced better engine performance with a fraction of the stored energy of the inductive alternative. Non flow tests showed that the early part of the spark discharge is sensitive to pressure and temperature effects, and as a consequence, the latter stages of the discharge are also affected. A correlation has been developed, for use with conventional nickel electrode spark plugs, to predict breakdown voltage as a function of pressure, temperature and gap. Experiments were carried out at elevated pressures in a stream of flowing air with capacitive and inductive ignition systems. Different electrode designs and orientations were also compared. It was shown that when exposed to a flow field, the discharge can be stretched which results in a shortened spark duration; in some cases the electrode can shield the discharge from flow field effects. This work showed that flow through the spark gap is a hindrance to the spark process, especially for longer duration systems. However for flame kernel growth, the literature review identified that flow is beneficial, serving to convect the kernel away from the electrodes, reducing the heat transfer from the flame. Analysis of the glow voltage history in the pressurised flow rig has been used to develop a correlation relating the voltage, current, flow velocity, pressure and time. This correlation was used to analyse the velocity records from the spark plug in a firing engine. The predicted velocities and turbulence intensity were in agreement with independent measurements.
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Gallagher, Joanne M. "Compliance of Pressure Garments in Burn Rehabilitation." FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3620.
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This study examined the pressure volumetric characteristics (compliance) of Jobst, Barton-Carey, and Tubigrip pressure garments for arms following repeated saturation with lubricating substances and repeated washing/drying cycles. The three treatment groups were each composed of one sleeve from each of the manufacturers. Each treatment group was subjected to 20 washing/drying cycles. In addition the sleeves in treatment groups 2 and 3 were saturated with cocoa butter and Lubiderm moisturizer respectively prior to each cycle. Circumferential measurements were taken on the proximal forearm of the sleeve at varying degrees of pressure (mmHg) using a Grafco Standard Sphygomanometer and a Gulick anthropometric tape measure. Measurements were taken initially and following every fifth washing/drying cycle. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant results for the main effects and some interactions at the ,01 level. Results showed that the Jobst garments stretched with moisturisers but overall were smaller than the Barton-Carey garments which showed no change with moisturizers. The Tubigrip garments stretched more than the other garments with moisturizers but showed an overall inconsistent pattern,
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Falk, Linus. "Investigation of ECG electrodes for burn wounds." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414185.
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This project aims to investigate a variety of electrodes for ECG (electrocardiogram) measurements and find suitable ones for burn wounded skin in association with the Burn center in Uppsala University Hospital. To this purpose, the electrical properties (in particular, electrical impedance and equivalent circuit) of electrodes and the influence of the skin on the electrical properties are looked into, and various common artefacts in ECG measurements are investigated, such as wandering baseline (caused by perspiration, respiration, patient movement and poor electrode contact), muscle tremor artefact, 50-60 Hz power line interference and measurement noise. Simulation of a burn wound was done by putting Ringer’s acetate between two electrodes gel to gel. Six different electrodes made with either a solid or wet gel for the electrolyte were tested, three of which (Ambu Bluesensor L-00-S/25, Ambu Bluesensor R-00-S/25, Milmedtek T-VO01) have wet gel, and three of which (3M 2670-5, Medtronic Arbo, and Ambu Whitesensor WSP30-00-S/50) have solid gel. The tests showed that the impedance of the electrodes changed as expected and was in almost all cases lowered. An increase in phase shift was also observed with burn wound simulation but could not be proven to relate with increased polarization. The results showed its wet gel and adhesive developed for sweaty/wet skin, Ambu Bluesensor R-00-S/25 is recommended. Suggestions for further investigation would be to see if the interference could be solved by impedance balancing the electrodes or to investigate if there is a greater coupling between the wet burn wounds and the main 230V 50Hz network causing higher currents and voltage drops in the body increasing the risk of common mode to differential mode conversion.
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Fahy, Katherine Erin. "Thermal Burn Injury Induced Microvesicle Particle Release." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright149383031006972.
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Baillie, Sarah. "Post-traumatic growth following a burn injury." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/13277/.
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Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is the experience of positive changes as a result of a traumatic event, where well-being and personal functioning exceed that of pre-trauma levels (Tedeschi, Park, & Calhoun, 1998). The occurrence of PTG following a variety of traumas has been examined, and a number of meta-analyses and reviews have attempted to summarise such literature and determine what facilitates PTG (e.g. Linley & Joseph, 2004). Some of these seek to establish whether there are differences in the experience of PTG dependent on the cause of the trauma (e.g. Bostock, Sheikh, & Barton, 2009). It has been suggested that the character of PTG following a serious accident may be different to that following physical illness, for example, with physical illness being experienced as an internal trauma and an accident as an external trauma (Hefferon, Grealy, & Mutrie, 2009). There are no reviews which explore the literature around PTG following a serious accident. Paper one of this thesis is a systematic review of the quantitative literature which aims to investigate the experience of PTG following serious accidents. A burn injury can be a traumatic event and can be challenging to recover from, both physically and psychologically (Blakeney, Rosenberg, Rosenberg, & Faber, 2008). Although the psychological impact of burn injuries is undisputed (Wisely, Hoyle, Tarrier, & Edwards, 2007), little attention has been paid to the benefits of such traumas (Fauerbach, Pruzinsky, & Saxe, 2007). Several qualitative studies exploring individuals’ experiences of a burn injury refer to positive changes which can accompany distress and trauma; however, only one quantitative study has directly explored the concept of PTG post-burn (Rosenbach & Renneberg, 2008). Paper two of this thesis is an empirical paper which aims to build on this, using quantitative methods to explore the concept of PTG following a burn injury.
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Zang, Tuo. "Quantitative characterization of paediatric burn blister fluid." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122968/1/Tuo_Zang_Thesis.pdf.
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Burn injury is a highly traumatic event for any infant or child. The degree of burn severity often determine the treatment operations and the extent of later scar formation, which may require long-term surgical remediation or skin grafting. This investigation quantitatively characterises the biochemical composition of burn blister fluid from paediatric patients using advanced analytical techniques. The correlation of the abundance of proteins and metabolic molecules were explored by statistical and bioinformatics methods. Thus, this study is able to provide a timely and objective measurement that may reflect the burn wound microenvironment and assist clinical diagnosis.
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Hew, Jonathan Joseph. "Optimising dietary macronutrient intake for cutaneous and burn wound healing using the Geometric Framework." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21287.
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Background Nutritional support in the form of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate and fat) for severe burn injury is an essential component of modern burn care. Current best practice involves the use of high-energy, high-protein diets to aid burn wound healing and to reduce the catabolic sequelae of hypermetabolism. The purpose of this PhD project was to investigate the effect of macronutrients on skin structure, healing of simple cutaneous wounds and finally healing of complex burn wounds in mice using a novel method of analysis known as the Geometric Framework (GF). The overall aim of the study was to identify the most favourable ratio of macronutrients for cutaneous and burn wound healing. Methods For chapters 2, 3 and 5, the GF a recently developed modelling platform that permits analysis of the simultaneous, individual and interactive effects of macronutrients on an organism and its environment was used to investigate the effect of nutrition on skin structure (Chapter 2), cutaneous healing (Chapter 3) and burn wound healing (Chapter 5) in a mouse model. For Chapter 4 a mouse model of post-burn hypermetabolism was developed and characterised using histological, biochemical techniques and metabolic cages. Results Chapter 2: The effect of macronutrients on skin structure:The effects of long-term macronutrient intake on skin structure are sex specific, with high-protein intake increasing male dermis thickness. Skin changes in female mice were less noticeable and primarily driven by carbohydrate intake. Dermal thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were found to be inversely proportional in both sexes. Chapter 3: The effect of macronutrients on cutaneous wound healing:Cutaneous wound healing was found to be optomised by a low-protein intake (5% total energy intake) with equal intake of carbohydrate and fat (48% carbohydrate and fat). Mice fed this diet had favourable wound cytokine expression, faster epidermal migration and cell proliferation and improved collagen deposition. Systemically, accelerated healing was associated with a greater systemic inflammatory response, loss of lean body mass, higher energy expenditure, increased weight and expression of uncoupling protein-1 in inguinal white fat and brown adipose tissue. Chapter 4: Development and characterisation of a mouse model of hypermetabolism:Large burn injury when compared to small burn injury resulted in a profound and prolonged period of hypermetabolism, with a significantly increased basal energy expenditure and loss of lean mass. The model was further characterised to show that a large burn injury in mice is capable of mimicking many aspects of human burn injury pathophysiology including cytokines, hormonal and organ abnormalities. Chapter 5: The effect of macronutrients on burn injury healing and hypermetabolism:Wound healing in a hypermetabolic mouse model was accelerated by a moderate-protein, high-carbohydrate, low-fat intake at a ratio of protein:carbohydrate:fat of 1:4:2. High protein intake was essential early after burn injury to prevent mortality and weight-loss, but was associated with delayed wound healing in later stages. Conclusions Cutaneous healing in mice is accelerated by a low-protein intake and burn wound healing is accelerated by a moderate-protein intake. After burn injury, a high-carbohydrate intake was beneficial, especially when compared to the effects of a high-fat intake. This research has the potential to alter practice in global wound management by challenging the current use of high-protein diets for cutaneous and burn wounds and confirms the benefits of a high-carbohydrate rather than a high-fat intake for improving outcomes after burn injury.
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Myers, Trisha A. "Nurse practitioners in burn centers: an exploration of the developing role /." Click here to access thesis, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2006/trisha%5Fa%5Fmyers/myers%5Ftrisha%5Fa%5F200605%5Fmsn.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.N.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-58) and appendices.
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McWilliams, Tania. "The importance of telehealth in the implementation of best practice in paediatric burn management by non-burn specialist clinicians." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2394.
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Introduction: Burns are a leading cause of injury worldwide, yet the initial assessment and management of patients following burn injury is often performed by non-burn specialist clinicians. Using the Gilbert Behaviour Engineering Model as a framework, strategies were introduced to support these clinicians. A better understanding was needed, however, of the effectiveness of these strategies, and the experiences of clinicians who provide this initial care.
Aims: This study aims to contribute new knowledge related to paediatric burn care through the evaluation of a state-wide burns telehealth program in Western Australia; specifically, develop a deeper and more relevant understanding of a state-wide burns infection control bundle; and elaborate upon existing knowledge of factors that influence clinical practice in acute burn management.
Method: A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used. Phase 1 used quantitative data to explore the state-wide burns telehealth clinical and education program as well as the effectiveness of the state-wide burns infection control bundle. Phase 2 used qualitative data to explore factors that influence clinician practice in acute burn management. Results: The burns telehealth clinical program activity increased between 2005/6 and 2012/13. By providing real-time advice to non-burn specialist clinicians, unnecessary inpatient length of stay, transfers and admissions were reduced. The burns telehealth education program delivered to non-burn specialist clinicians demonstrated increased knowledge in most aspects of acute burn care following attendance at the education sessions. Building on these strategies, the implementation of a state-wide burns infection control bundle was effective in reducing burn wound infection and sepsis rates to zero, but was not able to demonstrate the same effectiveness in reducing upper respiratory or urinary tract infections in this population. Following integration of these strategies within the state-wide model of care, an exploration of factors which influence the clinical practice of the non-burn specialist clinicians providing this initial care demonstrated a number of common themes, in particular, that telehealth services support these clinicians, but IT issues remain a barrier.
Conclusion: The integration of state-wide clinical and educational paediatric burn telehealth services enabled the introduction of a state-wide infection control bundle which has resulted in increased non-burn specialist clinician knowledge and access to real-time advice which has reduced unnecessary transfers and admissions, while also reducing the risk of infection for those burns patients who do require transfer and admission. Clinicians providing this initial care reported that this telehealth service was a major support in their care of paediatric patients following burn injury, demonstrating its importance now and in the future.
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Dyster-Aas, Johan. "Psychiatric History and Adaptation in Burn Injured Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7252.
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Khraisha, Yahya Hamad Abdalla. "Limestone decarbonation and fuel burn-out in precalciners." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47509.
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Dumont, Jean-Marie S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Fuel burn reduction potential from delayed deceleration approaches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77108.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis. This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
Changing aircraft operational procedures is one strategy that can be used to reduce fuel burn and mitigate environmental impacts of aviation in relatively short timeframes with existing aircraft types. One promising modification comes from increasing the use of Delayed Deceleration Approaches where the deceleration to the standard stabilized final approach speed occurs later, which keeps the aircraft in clean aerodynamic configuration with low thrust for as long as possible. Although such approaches can reduce fuel burn, in practice aircraft often decelerate much earlier. This may be for a variety of reasons, such as airspace restrictions, slower traffic ahead, air traffic controller technique and airline procedures and/or pilot technique. In this study, operational flight data has first been used to quantify the potential fuel burn savings associated with Delayed Deceleration Approaches. Aircraft that were observed to decelerate and configure flaps later in the approach had 30-40% lower fuel burn and carbon dioxide emissions below 10,000 ft compared to those that did not. Estimates of US system-wide fuel burn and emissions reduction potential from Delayed Deceleration Approaches have also been produced. Second, radar tracks of flights to different airport areas have been analyzed to help identify reasons for early decelerations. By observing the context of evolution of the less fuel efficient flights, the role of different potential factors such as preceding traffic, traffic mix, highly constrained airspace, runway interactions and severe weather conditions affecting the airspeed schedule of a given flight have been examined. Weather appeared to be a major parameter affecting the airspeed schedule, and air traffic procedures involving early decelerations appeared to have been used in dense and complex airspaces.
by Jean-Marie Dumont.
S.M.
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Lee, Kyongbum 1972. "Metabolic engineering analysis of post-burn hepatic hypermetabolism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8391.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, February 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-184).
Metabolic engineering refers to the directed improvement of product formation or cellular properties through the modification of specific biochemical reactions or introduction of new ones with the use of recombinant DNA technology. It has been used to investigate and modify intermediary metabolism in a variety of microbial organisms of biotechnological interest. An emerging area of application for metabolic engineering is medicine, in particular the study of metabolic disorders, where analysis and manipulation of metabolic pathways have obvious relevance. Central to metabolic engineering is the notion that metabolism results from the concerted and coordinated activities of biochemical pathways connected through shared intermediates in the form of common reactants, products, and catalysts. According to this "metabolic network" concept, an enhanced understanding of metabolism and cellular function is obtained by considering the component biochemical reactions together, rather than individually. In this light, this thesis work was motivated by the idea that the application of metabolic engineering analysis to biological systems relevant to human disease has the potential to provide valuable insight into the biochemical underpinnings behind metabolic disorders. In the present dissertation, this idea was explored by investigating a metabolic disorder known clinically as hypermetabolism that is associated with the systemic inflammatory response to severe injury. At the whole body level, hypermetabolism is characterized by elevated resting energy expenditure and increased turnover of proteins, fatty acids, and carbohydrates.
(cont.) If this state persists over a period of days to weeks, the patient is predisposed to muscle wasting, progressive organ dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and ultimately death. Unfortunately, existing nutritional therapies are inadequate for preventing the onset of persistent hypermetabolism, because many of the mechanistic details of this process are poorly understood. An important player in the hypermetabolic response to injury is the liver, which responsible for synthesizing healing factors from muscle protein derived amino acids, converting carbohydrate and lipid fuel resources to useful energy substrates, and eliminating waste products generated by these processes. In order to better understand the biochemical underpinnings behind injury derived hypermetabolism in the liver, the following specific aims were addressed: 1) to develop and validate tissue and organ models of injury for the liver; 2) to delineate activity changes in the major metabolic pathways in the liver during the developmental period of hypermetabolism; and 3) to build diagnostic tools for detecting and grading the injury derived metabolic abnormalities in the liver. A particularly useful metabolic engineering tool is metabolic flux analysis (MFA), which refers to a methodology whereby intracellular reaction fluxes are estimated using a stoichiometric model for the major intracellular reactions and applying mass balances around intracellular metabolites. A powerful feature of this methodology is its ability to consider cellular biochemistry in terms of a network of reactions ...
by Kyongbum Lee.
Ph.D.
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Wankhede, Moresh J. "Multi-fidelity strategies for lean burn combustor design." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/210785/.
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In combustor design and development, the use of unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of transient combustor aero-thermo-dynamics to provide an insight into the complex reacting flow-field is expensive in terms of computational time. A large number of such high-fidelity reactive CFD analyses of the objective and constraint functions are normally required in combustor design and optimisation process. Hence, traditional design strategies utilizing only high-fidelity CFD analyses are often ruled out, given the complexity in obtaining accurate flow predictions and limits on available computational resources and time. This necessitates a careful design of fast, reliable and efficient design strategies. Surrogate modeling design strategies, including Kriging models, are currently being used to balance the challenges of accuracy and computational resource to accelerate the combustor design process. However, its feasibility still largely relies on the total number of design variables, objective and constraint functions, as only high-fidelity CFD analyses are used to construct the surrogate model. This thesis explores these issues in combustor design by aiming to minimize the total number of high fidelity CFD runs and to accelerate the process of finding a good design earlier in the design process. Initially, various multi-fidelity design strategies employing a co-Kriging surrogate modeling approach were developed and assessed for performance and confidence against a traditional Kriging based design strategy, within a fixed computational budget. Later, a time-parallel combustor CFD simulation methodology is proposed, based on temporal domain decomposition, and further developed into a novel time-parallel co-Kriging based multi-fidelity design strategy requiring only a single CFD simulation to be setup for various fidelities. The performance and confidence assessment of the newly developed multi-fidelity strategies shows that they are, in general, competitive against the traditional Kriging based design strategy, and evidence exists of finding a good design early in the design optimisation process
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O'Brien, William Eugene. "Constructing the problem of "slash-and-burn" agriculture." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38766.
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"Slash-and-burn" agriculture, or shifting cultivation, is perceived by many to be the leading cause of land degradation in tropical forests. Performed mainly by resource-poor farmers, shifting cultivation is the most widespread form of agriculture in the tropics. Concern over its environmental impacts has led to calls throughout the twentieth century for alternatives by policy-makers and development planners. This study employs a constructivist framework, post-colonial perspectives, and rhetorical methods to understand the images which support such assertions regarding shifting cultivation, primarily in policy-oriented depictions. Elements of Kenneth Burke's "dramatistic" method are used, including the analysis of hierarchies which structure discourse, and pentadic analysis.Ph. D.
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Погорєлов, Максим Володимирович, Максим Владимирович Погорелов, Maksym Volodymyrovych Pohorielov, Miriti Dennis, and Orluwosu Collins. "Burn wound healing in rats with chitosan gel." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6619.
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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Hot Topics for Providers, Burn Out and Resiliency." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6945.
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KISHMAN, MARY CONNELLY. "THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH BURN INJURIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085672288.
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