Academic literature on the topic 'Cash machines; Automated teller machine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cash machines; Automated teller machine"
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Rufa’I, S. M. "Bacterial load of the surface of some selected Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.13s.
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An Automated Teller Machine (ATM), also known as Automated Banking Machine (ABM) or cash machine and several other names, is a computerized telecommunication device that provides access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier or other intermediaries. The Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) has been widely used due to its convenience but also serves as a source of bacterial contamination. The aim of this work was to determine the bacterial load of surfaces of selected ATMs in Kano metropolis. Swab samples were collected from four (4) selected areas and ten (10) different study sites. The samples were collected using swabbing technique and standard plate count was employed for the enumeration of bacterial counts. The mean bacterial counts ranged between the lowest count of 1.20 x 102cfu/cm2 and the highest count of 1.78 x 102cfu/cm2 and the mean count of individual machine ranged from 1.70 x 101 cfu/cm2 upto 6.00 x 101cfu/cm2. All the ATMs were found to be contaminated. It could thus be concluded that the ATMs studied present a very great risk factor for cross contamination. The general public should therefore be enlightened on the possible health hazards associated with such items like ATMs and thus advised for strict personal hygiene and regular washing of hands before and after contact with ATMs so as to reduce the possible transfer of bacterial diseases and/or infections.
Keywords: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Bacteria, Contamination, Kano metropolis.
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Brindha Devi, V., S. Sindhuja, S. Shanthini, and M. Hemalatha. "A virtual keyboard security system for automated teller machine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 8, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.13855.
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The Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are used for cash withdrawals. Meanwhile as ATM lacks security, thefts occurring in the ATMs are also high. Our proposed system minimizes those break-ins occurring in the ATM’s by instigating a low cost standalone embedded sys-tem using Arduino Microcontroller. This system is proposed for ATM security, comprising of the components namely RGB tag, Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS), Virtual Keyboard and camera. Authentication by virtual keyboard thus helps the public to protect their credentials from being captured by malicious bots, key loggers and spyware. Whenever theft occurs, Buzzer makes an alarm, DC Motor turns ON and the door of ATM is closed. The nearby police station and corresponding bank authorities is alerted by the GSM Modem that sends messages along with the location. This will prevent the robberies and the person in-volving in the robbery can be easily caught. In short, it discusses the methods that are used to detect the venture, initiate preemptive measures and forewarn the officials through GSM network. This system thus heightens the safety of ATM users as well as the ATM’s against forthcoming attacks effectively.
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Kim, Tae-Hee, Seung-Bae Park, and Moon-Seol Kang. "Advanced Password Input Method in Automated Teller Machines/Cash Dispenser." KIPS Transactions:PartC 18C, no. 2 (April 30, 2011): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstc.2011.18c.2.071.
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Chayadevi, M. L., Sujith Madhyastha, K. N. Nisarga, H. Charitha, and B. Susharan. "Automated Teller Machine Security with Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9100.
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There are many scenarios in society with thefts and crimes involved in Automated Teller Machines (ATM). These events are increasing day-by-day and which is also increasing the complexities on the crime investigation agencies. In order to deal with these situations, we have proposed an automated security method inside ATMs using image processing techniques which can alert the concerned authorities immediately whenever these types of situations arise. Hybrid method with Viola-Jones algorithm has been used for face recognition along with the Haar-cascade features. In the case of objects such as knife, gun etc. inside an ATM, combination of SVM and random forest algorithms are used for object detection. TensorFlow with machines learning algorithms have been used in the hybrid methodology. Android application has been developed to prevent and alert the crimes and send alert messages to the concerned. Speech alert system is developed to assist blind and physically challenged people.
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Edet, Victor Inim. "Automated Teller Machine and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria." International Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 23 (June 20, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.5.23.5.1.
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The study examines the effect of ATM on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period of 7 years from 2012 to 2018. The study adopted ex-post research design. The population of the study is all the deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study collected data from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The study adopted pre-test analysis of correlation and unit root test using Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test. After analysizing the unit root test, regression was used. The study found that there was a positive and insignificant effect of ATM on performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Other findings were that volume of transaction of ATM has positive and insignificant effect on the return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria while value of transaction of ATM also has positive and insignificant effect on return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommended that ATM machines should be re-strategies by deposit money banks in Nigeria and they should careful increase the volume of transaction by ensuring that network is properly maintain. They should use ATM network that is very good to satisfy customers during weekends. They should provide more ATM and encourage customers to use ATM and try to reduce the problem of cash jam and lack of cash dispense.
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Dawodu, O. G., and R. B. Akanbi. "Isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with automated teller machines on Federal Polytechnic Ede campus." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e0254658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254658.
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Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are visited everyday by millions of people. This machine is accessible to the general public irrespective of class, age or race. The contact point of all ATM machines is the hand which on their own are ‘vaults’ of microorganisms. An elaborate survey was taken for complete assessment of possible microbial contamination in the Federal Polytechnic Ede campus. Selected ATM machines on campus were used as case study to characterize, identify and determine the degree of bacterial contamination of microorganisms and their potential as reservoir of microbes. Swabs were collected from each ATM screen, buttons, floor, user’s hand, and exposure of plates. After collection of the samples, they were plated in nutrient agar. The results showed the presence of increased bacterial count subsequently, most pathogens on characterization revealed the genus of the particular organisms E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Salmonella and Serratia. The study showed the potential hazard inherent in ATM machine usage and draws attention to our level of hand hygiene compliance.
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Hendrawan, Ari Ramadhana, and Dieky Adzkiya. "Modelling and Verification of Cash Withdrawal Transaction in Automated Teller Machine Using Timed Automata." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1821, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1821/1/012031.
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Zhou, Yongwu, Qiran Wang, Yongzhong Wu, and Mianmian Huang. "Data-Driven Cash Replenishment Planning of Recycling ATMs with Out-of-Cash and Full-of-Cash Risks." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2020040105.
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When banks replenish the cash held in automated teller machines (ATMs) it is crucial for them to reduce operational costs while maintaining service level. This article studies the replenishment planning for recycling ATMs, which allow cash deposits to be made as well as withdrawals. The problem is formulated as a special (s, S) inventory model with two safety stocks corresponding to out-of-stock and full-of-stock risks, based on which the ATMs to be replenished each day and the replenishment amount are determined. Experiments with real data show that the model can significantly reduce costs and improve the overall service level.
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Bati, Seyma, and Didem Gozupek. "Joint Optimization of Cash Management and Routing for New-Generation Automated Teller Machine Networks." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 49, no. 12 (December 2019): 2724–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2017.2710359.
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Pradeep Kumar, S., and N. Shanmugasundaram. "Pin number theft recognition and cash transaction using sixth sense technology in ATM/CDM." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13435.
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Nowadays peoples using credit/debit card for cash transaction for their daily needs. Meanwhile for deposit and withdrawal of huge amount the consumers use the automated teller machine or cash deposit machine. Due to this the crime related to ATM like pin number theft, fraud calls etc increasing day by day. This paper aim to reduce the risk related to pin number theft. We proposed a sixth sense technology which can access by our gestural interface to do the normal operation for cash transaction rather than touching the pin number plate which will be helpful for eliminating the theft related with pin number tracking. The experimental prototype model is designed and the results are verified and presented in this paper.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cash machines; Automated teller machine"
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Bhabuta, Madhu Darshan Kumar. "Quantitative analysis of ATM networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299444.
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Wambugu, Jacquelyne N. "Using GIS for optimal locations of automated teller machines (ATMs) : the case of Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52599.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Automated teller machines (ATMs) are a very important part of our daily lives. They are the key to accessing our bank accounts. Where they are located can determine how easy or difficult it is to access our bank accounts. ATMs are primarily designed to serve customers and should therefore be accessible and convenient to the customers. Hence, the question of where the ATMs should be located is a prime issue to both the customer and the bank. A geographical information system (GIS) is a tool that can be used to assist in answering questions about locations. It provides a means of determining optimal locations for any spatially referenced object. Against this backdrop, this study was undertaken to develop a method with which GIS can be used to find optimal locations for ATMs, taking Stellenbosch as a case study. Firstly, it was necessary to understand current factors affecting ATM locations, both locally and internationally. An extensive literature survey was conducted to gain an understanding of problems relating to locating ATMs. Interviews with bank officials were conducted to help understand more fully the problems and the current procedures used in locating ATMs. Obtaining the public's perception of ATMs was also paramount to this study. A household questionnaire survey was conducted in Stellenbosch to ascertain how customers feel about the current location of ATMs in Stellenbosch. Secondly, GIS was considered and evaluated as a tool to find optimal locations for ATMs. This involved discussing the capabilities of GIS and the various options that banks may have available. Thirdly, the ability of using GIS to find optimal sites was tested by applying GIS to Stellenbosch. Having done this, GIS was then used to find additional ATM sites. The results provide a basis for banks to locate ATMs in general. Keywords: GIS, ATMs, location, optimal locations, location-allocation, models, MINDISTANCE, MAKCOVER, MAXATTEND, MINDISTPOWER.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Outomatiese tellermasjiene (OTMs) speel 'n baie belangrike rol in ons lewens vandag aangesien ons die meeste van ons banktransaksies deur middel van 'n OTM doen en ons bankrekeninge sodoende kontroleer. Die OTMs se primere doel is om 'n diens aan bank kliente te lewer, dus is dit uiters belangrik om liggings te identifiseer wat gerieflik en toeganklik is vir die kliënte en die bank. 'n Geografiese inligtingstelsel (GIS) kan gebruik word om vrae in verband met bestaande en beplande liggings vir OTMs te beantwoord. Die stelsel kan optimale liggings identifiseer vir spesefieke doeleindes, byvoorbeeld OTMs, ens. Teen hierdie agtergrond is hierdie studie onderneem om 'n metode te ontwikkel waarmee GIS aangewend kan word om optimale liggings vir OTMs te vind, met Stelle bosch as 'n gevallestudie. Ten eerste was dit nodig om die huidige faktore met betrekking tot die liggingskeuse vir OTMs, beide in die buiteind en die binneland, te ondersoek. "n Uitgebreide literatuursoektog is geloods om die probleme wat gepaard gaan met die bepaling van die keuse van "n OTM ligging, te bestudeer. Onderhoude is gevoer met amptenare van verskillende banke om die probleme rondom die kies van OTM-plasings te verstaan. Kliënte is ook genader vir hulle idees, benogdighede en probleme oor OTM-liggings in Stellenbosch. Tweedens is GIS geëvalueer as 'n moontlike stelselom die beste liggings vir OTM'e te bepaal. Dit het 'n bespreking van die vermoëns en voordele van GIS behels, sowel as 'n oorsig van beskikbare opsies vir die bank. Die vermoë om met die gebruik van GIS addisionele liggings vir OTMs in Stellenbosch te identifiseer, is daarna getoets. Die resultaat bied aan banke "n keuse van alternatiewe liggings vir die plasing van OTMs. Sluitelwoorde: GIS, ATMs, ligging, optimale ligging, ligging-toesegging, modelle, MINDISTANCE, MAXCOVER, MAXA1TEND, MINDISTPOWER
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Souza, Sandra Regina Silva dos Santos. "Mudancas com a introdu????o da "automated teller machine" : um estudo de caso num grande banco nacional." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2001. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/327.
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Previous issue date: 2001-11-30The Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are a successful product of the bank and a financial organization around the world. This research means investigate the changes in a Brazilian state bank, when the Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), were utilized in client services. To realized the research, we interview the employers that participated of the implemented project of ATMs. We made an choice of persons that started the procedures to introduce the equipment. We use a exploratory qualitative methodology by clinical interview and applied a semi-structured questionnaire. To explained the process, we analyzed the ATMs and automation history, the bank history and aspect of the information systems, indicate the facilities and problems for introduce the ATMs. In the early days of ATMs implementation, two other banks had the equipment and the technology to use these. The cause for our bank had implemented the ATMs in yours current services, was to offer more modern technological resources. To realized the ATM project, the employers were inexperienced and the bank no had the necessary structure to do. Problems of hardware, software, installation and system administration had in the role of the vulgar works. Also, the project generate problems with the union. Today, the ATMs are synonymous of successful, but we verify, in this research the difficulties and problems to implementation development.
As Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) ou caixas eletr??nicos s??o reconhecidos como um produto de sucesso dos Bancos e das organiza????es financeiras em todo o mundo. Para estudar a sua implanta????o, n??s realizamos um estudo sobre as mudan??as que ocorreram em um Banco brasileiro de grande porte, onde as ATMs passaram a ser utilizadas em servi??os oferecidos aos clientes. Para realizar esta pesquisa, n??s entrevistamos os empregados que participaram da implanta????o do projeto das ATMs e aqueles que iniciaram a implanta????o dos primeiros equipamento e usamos uma metodologia qualitativa de entrevistas cl??nicas semi- estruturadas. Al??m da an??lise dos dados obtidos, n??s apresentamos algumas caracter??sticas da hist??ria da automa????o, dos sistemas de informa????o, para indicar as facilidades e problemas para introduzir as ATMs na organiza????o em estudo. Observamos, nesta pesquisa, que no in??cio da implementa????o, dois outros bancos j?? possu??am esses equipamentos e a tecnologia para o seu uso. Assim uma das causas principais dessa implanta????o foi oferecer equipamentos mais modernos. Tamb??m observamos que no projeto das ATMs, os participantes n??o tinham experi??ncia anterior e a infra-estrutura necess??ria para tal. Problemas com os hardwares, com os softwares, as instala????es e os sistemas administrativos aconteceram, al??m de problemas com a equipe. Assim, apesar do sucesso alcan??ado, n??s iremos apresentar nesta pesquisa as mudan??as, dificuldades e os problemas apresentados no processo.
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Aboualy, Tamer. "Design, Development, and Implementation of a Public Key Crytosystem for Automated Teller Machines: The Toronto Dominion Bank Case Study." NSUWorks, 2006. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/376.
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The current method of distributing Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Data Encryption Standard (DES) keys involves manual distribution of the same DES key in component form to all A TMs in a banks network. The components are entered into the ATM keyboard and combined to form the ATM Terminal Master Key (TMK) used for all ATM transactions. Public key cryptosystems can be used to distribute and manage A TM TMKs.
However, existing cryptosystem implementations have numerous problems. Moreover, little research has targeted cryptosystem implementations that use tamper-resistant security modules (TRSMs). Almost all security attacks of cryptosystems utilizing security processors and cryptography are the result of weak implementation and deployment.
This case study describes how a public key cryptosystem for distribution and management of A TM Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) TMKs may be successfully implemented. This case study was developed to offer a repeatable approach, design, and implementation for a public key cryptosystem for A TM 3DES TMK distribution and management. The study's design was based on a single case, using multiple sources of evidence and propositions. Using Toronto Dominion (TD) Bank as the unit of analysis, the study focuses on four main propositions relating to (a) system development processes (SDPs), (b) electronic data assurances, (c) key and certificate life cycle management, and (d) ATM key hierarchies.
Results of the study show that SDPs provided a general framework for system development and were not tailored to specific needs of an A TM cryptosystem. Evidence shows that the ATM public key cryptosystem met all CAIN digital assurance and ATM key hierarchy requirements but did not meet all key and certificate life cycle requirements.
The author recommends a modified SDP framework for A TM public key cryptosystems called cryptosystem SDPs. These consist of SDPs, an integration of A TM cryptosystem requirements, and software security best practices. This framework utilizes existing SDPs but adds four new phases to take into account ATM public key cryptosystem requirements.
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Cheng, Ching-ho Raymond, and 鄭澄河. "A case study of the development of automated teller machines in Hong Kong and its effects on the retail banking habits of Hong Kong people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263148.
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Guner, Mine Sule. "The Diffusion Of Financial Innovation In Turkey: The Case Of Atm." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606262/index.pdf.
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This study investigates the indicators of the number of ATMs (automated teller machines) in the provinces of Turkey by examining two banks: T.C. Ziraat Bankasi and T. iS Bankasi. The study depends on annual panel data from 1990 to 2004 for seventy-three provinces of Turkey. The information about the number of ATMs of the two banks is gathered after a study in the archives of the banks. In this study it is concluded that the number of ATMs of T. iS Bankasi and T. C. Ziraat Bankasi in the previous year and the total number of branches of the banks in Turkey are the indicators of ATM adoption for both of the banks concerned. However, population has a negative sign for T. C. Ziraat Bankasi which is a state bank whereas it has a positive sign for T. iS Bankasi which is a quasi-private bank. The findings also indicate that the ATM number of T. iS Bankasi is more sensitive to the number of total bank branches.
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Osambo, Okoko. "An exploratory investigation into the feasibility of turning the student identification card into a debit card: The case for the University of the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7756.
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Magister Commercii - MComThis study investigates the financial, marketing as well as technological feasibility of turning the current University of Western Cape (UWC) Student ID Card into a more featured debit card called the "Hoop Kaarf'. This debit card will offer the functionality of access to secure UWC areas, the purchase and use of photocopying credits, the purchase of printing credits, taking out library books; and identification, as the old student card does. It will also have the added functionality of replacing cash when paying for vending machines, cafés, takeaways, shops, supermarkets and withdrawing money from ATMs, at UWC, within South Africa and outside the country.
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Du, Toit Delyno Johannes. "ATM cash management for a South African retail bank." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17977.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cash can be seen as a fast moving consumer good. Approaching cash as inventory within the ATM cash management environment of a South African retail bank, provided the opportunity to apply well known industrial engineering techniques to the financial industry. This led to the application of forecasting, inventory management, operational research and simulation methods. A forecasting model is designed to address the multiple seasonalities and calendar day effects that is prevalent in the demand for cash. Special days, e.g. paydays, lead to an increase in demand for cash. The weekday on which the special day falls will also influence the demand. The multiplicative Holt-Winters method is combined with an improvised distribution method to determine the demand for cash for the region and per ATM. Reordering points are calculated and simulated to form an understanding of the effect this will have on the ATM network. Direct replenishment and the traveling salesman problem is applied and simulated to determine the difference in using one or the other. Various simulation models are build to test the operational and financial impact when certain variables are amended. It is evident that more work is required to determine the optimal combination of variable values, i.e. forecasting frequency, aggregate forecasting or individual forecasting, reorder levels, loading levels, lead times, cash swap or cash add, and the type of transportation method. Each one of these are a science in itself and cannot be seen (calculated) in isolation from the other as a change in one can affect the overall operational efficiency and costs of the ATM network. The thesis proves that significant cost savings is possible, compared to the current set-up, when applying industrial engineering techniques to a geographical ATM network within South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kontant kan gesien word as vinnig bewegende verbruikersgoedere. Deur kontant te benader as voorraad binne die ATM kontant bestuur omgewing van ’n Suid Afrikaanse kleinhandelsbank, het dit die geleentheid geskep om bekende bedryfsingenieurstegnieke toe te pas in die finansiële industrie. Dit het gelei tot die toepassing van vooruitskatting, voorraadbestuur, operasionele navorsing en simulasie metodes. ’n Vooruitskattingsmodel is ontwerp om die verskeie seisoenaliteite en kalenderdae effekte wat deel uitmaak van die vraag na kontant aan te spreek. Spesiale dae, bv. betaaldae, lei tot ’n toename in die vraag na kontant. Die weeksdag waarop die spesiale dag voorkom sal ook ’n invloed hê op die vraag. Die multiplikatiewe Holt-Winters metode is gekombineer met ’n geïmproviseerde verspreidingsmetode om die vraag na kontant vir die streek en per ATM the bepaal. Bestellingsvlakke is bereken en gesimuleer om ’n prentjie te skep van die invloed wat dit op die ATM netwerk sal hê. Direkte hervulling en die handelsreisigerprobleem is toegepas en gesimuleer om die verskille te bepaal tussen die gebruik van of die een of die ander. Veskeie simulasie modelle is gebou om die operasionele en finansiële impak te toets, wanneer sekere veranderlikes aangepas word. Dit is duidelik dat meer werk nodig is om die optimale kombinasie van veranderlike waardes te bepaal, bv. vooruitskatting frekwensie, totale vooruiskatting of individuele vooruitskatting, bestellingsvlakke, leitye, kontant omruiling of kontant byvoeging, en die tipe vervoermetode. Elkeen van hierdie is ’n wetenskap op sy eie en kan nie in isolasie gesien en bereken word nie, want ’n verandering van een se waarde kan die hele operasionele doeltreffendheid en kostes van die ATM netwerk beïnvloed.
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Sewpersad, Sarika. "An investigation of the bombing of automated teller machines (ATMs) with intent to steal cash content : case study from Gauteng." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4112.
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An investigation of the bombing of automated teller machines (ATMs) with intent to steal cash contentof ATMs. This is inclusive of the impact on society (banks clients) and banking institutions as well as the danger it poses to the general public and public and private law enforcement personnel.(M.Tech. (Security Management))
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Thobane, Mahlogonolo Stephina. "The criminal career of armed robbers with specific reference to cash-in-transit robberies." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18353.
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Criminal career research postulates that offending behaviour develops over time during the course of one’s life. Thus, delinquency is not an isolated incident which occurs at a certain moment in time. This research comprises a mixed-method study of the criminal career of 40 offenders who perpetrated robberies against the banking and CIT industries. Through this research, an exploration is made for possibilities of using criminal career research to develop results which will guide crime prevention policies.
The qualitative methodology used for this research included semi-structured interviews in order to collect information on motivations of armed robbers and the various mechanics (i.e. planning, recruitment, group dynamics) of the crime of armed robbery. Through the use of structured questionnaires, biographical data, information on risk factors and figures on the different aspects of a criminal career, such as age of offending onset, offending frequency and seriousness, and career length, were all gathered.
The general findings of this research demonstrate that offending onset occurs between the ages of 11 and 15 with petty crimes, and then escalates to serious crimes. Secondly, witnessed throughout the dissertation is the fact that development of delinquent behaviour is not a result of a single risk factor but an outcome of multiple risk factors. Subsequently, a suggestion is made for the introduction of multifaceted deterrence programmes, which will holistically deal with the various offending risk factors (i.e. family, community and the offender’s personal risk factors as well as peer and school dynamics). Thirdly, armed robbers are responsible for various other crimes in the process of committing the offence of robbery. Accordingly, this study confirms the criminal career notion that a small number of chronic offenders are responsible for a large number of offences. That is why it is recommended that policy makers pay attention to disrupting the criminal career of this small number of high risk offenders.Department of Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)
Books on the topic "Cash machines; Automated teller machine"
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Trautman, William B. Regulating communication technology: The case of automated teller machine networks. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1989.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Treasury Committee. Cash machine charges: Government response to the Committee's Fifth Report of Session 2004-05 (HC 191) : First Special Report of Session 2005-06. London: Stationery Office, 2005.
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The practice of automated teller machine surcharging: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on amending the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to limit fees charged by financial institutions for the use of automatic teller machines, and for other purposes, July 15, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. Cash and Dash. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782810.001.0001.
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Cash and Dash looks at the origins and development of the automated teller machine (ATM) as means to provide the unifying thread to explain changes in retail banking brought about by and around the introduction of computer technology. Main themes include an explanation of why technological change is slow in retail financial markets, and how different groups of people and organizations interact to shape a particular technology. Documentary evidence helps to clarify the myth of the single inventor and details the monumental task to deliver digital banking for retail consumers. Of particular importance for banks around the world throughout this task, was the need to balance new and unintended uses of a device by consumers as opposed to solving impending technical issues and gaining consumers’ trust, acceptance, and high usage. Research illuminates the progress of an industry-specific innovation becoming a novelty and how new payment devices embed in everyday life. The story in Cash and Dash also illustrates that serious ethical and political issues can emerge while adopting, making operational, and maintaining a particular technology within and around retail financial institutions. This approach contrasts with others that perceive technological change as external, neutral, and devoid of context and social setting. The book aims to keep the focus of the narrative off obsolescence and on maintenance and reinvention, while also allowing space to provide conceptual underpinnings and celebrating industry milestones. In short, Cash and Dash recounts a story of decisions about capital investments, business strategies, and technological evolution, and how these were followed by decisions dealing with legacy systems, personnel, standards, locations, and whether machines could become a source of competitive advantage in retail banking.
Book chapters on the topic "Cash machines; Automated teller machine"
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Srinivasan, Srividhya, Priya Krishnamoorthy, and Raghuraman Koteeswaran. "Safeguarding of ATM." In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Business Operations and Management, 94–105. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7362-3.ch007.
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An automated teller machine (ATM) is a kiosk that is used widely for money transactions across the globe. Several banking sectors have showed interest in deploying ATMs. The cash dispenser system manages the transaction services with less manual effort. When it comes to deploying an ATM, two methods are practiced: onsite ATM and offsite ATM. Safeguarding cash kept inside the ATM is a challenge. Researchers suggested several built-in security measures to secure the money in ATMs. Nevertheless, burglars still loot the money. Some widely used looting methods include card skimming, cash trapping, and phishing. So, it is time to give intelligence to the ATM itself to react to the situation. Proposed is a system that implements the idea of making machines to identify the situation and perform actions accordingly. This mechanism is not only about giving intelligence to it, but also a cost-effective one.
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Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. "ATMs." In Paid. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035750.003.0016.
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This chapter investigates the history of the ubiquitous yet banal Automated Teller Machine, or ATM. There is no single inventor of the ATM. Rather, it emerged through innovation around the globe and across the industry. In order to build a successful ATM system, engineers and bankers had to overcome challenges that ranged from security and authorization to weather-proofing electronics. This chapter surveys some of those developments. Increasingly, ATMs are being designed to offer a variety of services beyond dispensing cash. In the future, the ATM may prove to an important site of automated retail banking and consumer financial services.
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Srinivasan, Srividhya, Priya Krishnamoorthy, and Raghuraman Koteeswaran. "Safeguarding of ATM." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 77–86. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a kiosk that is being used widely for money transaction across the globe. Several banking sectors have showed interest in deploying ATM. The cash dispenser system manages the transaction services with less manual effort. When it comes to deploy an ATM, two methods are being under practice: Onsite ATM and Offsite ATM. Safeguarding cash kept inside the ATM is a challengeable one. Researchers suggested several built-in security measures to secure the money in ATM. Nevertheless, the burglars handle new techniques to loot the money. Some widely used looting methods include Card Skimming, Cash Trapping and Phishing etc. One amongst is the physical attack to it by using explosives and tools to break a standalone ATM at highways. So, it is time, to give intelligence for the ATM itself to react to the situation. Proposed is a system that implements the idea of making machine to identify the situation and performs the action accordingly. This mechanism is not only about giving intelligence to it, but also a cost effective one.
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"Case 7 Automated teller machines." In Network Access, Regulation and Antitrust, 185–90. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203021118-25.
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Dasgupta, Subrata. "Leibniz’s Theme, Babbage’s Dream." In It Began with Babbage. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199309412.003.0005.
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The German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) is perhaps best remembered in science as the co-inventor (with Newton) of the differential calculus. In our story, however, he has a presence not so much because, like his great French contemporary the philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), he built a calculating machine—in Pascal’s case, the machine could add and subtract, whereas Leibniz’s machine also performed multiplication and division—but for something he wrote vis-à-vis calculating machines. He wished that astronomers could devote their time strictly to astronomical matters and leave the drudgery of computation to machines, if such machines were available. Let us call this Leibniz’s theme, and the story I will tell here is a history of human creativity built around this theme. The goal of computer science, long before it came to be called by this name, was to delegate the mental labor of computation to the machine. Leibniz died well before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, circa 1760s, when the cult and cultivation of the machine would transform societies, economies, and mentalities. The pivot of this remarkable historical event was steam power. Although the use of steam to move machines automatically began with the English ironmonger and artisan Thomas Newcomen (1663–1727) and his invention of the atmospheric steam engine in 1712, just 4 years before Leibniz’s passing, the steam engine as an efficient source of mechanical power, as an efficient means of automating machinery, as a substitute for human, animal, and water power properly came into being with the invention of the separate condenser in 1765 by Scottish instrument maker, engineer, and entrepreneur James Watt (1738–1819)—a mechanism that greatly improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine. The steam engine became, so to speak, the alpha and omega of machine power. It was the prime mover of ancient Greek thought materialized. And Leibniz’s theme conjoined with the steam engine gave rise, in the minds of some 19th-century thinkers, to a desire to automate calculation or computation and to free humans of this mentally tedious labor.
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Carpenter, Brian, and Robert Doran. "Turing’s Zeitgeist." In The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747826.003.0031.
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This chapter reviews the history of Alan Turing’s design proposal for an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) and how he came to write it in 1945, and takes a fresh look at the numerous formative ideas it included. All of these ideas resurfaced in the young computing industry over the following fifteen years. We cannot tell to what extent Turing’s unpublished foresights were passed on to other pioneers, or to what extent they were rediscovered independently as their time came. In any case, they all became part of the Zeitgeist of the computing industry. At some universities, such as ours in New Zealand, the main computer in 1975 was a Burroughs B6700, a ‘stack’ machine. In this kind of machine, data, including items such as the return address for a subroutine, are stored on top of one another so that the last one in becomes the first one out. In effect, each new item on the stack ‘buries’ the previous one. Apart from the old English Electric KDF9, and the recently introduced Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11, stack machines were unusual. Where had this idea come from? It just seemed to be part of computing’s Zeitgeist, the intellectual climate of the discipline, and it remains so to this day. Computer history was largely American in the 1970s—the computer was called the von Neumann machine and everybody knew about the early American machines such as ENIAC and EDVAC. Early British computers were viewed as a footnote; the fact that the first stored program in history ran in Manchester was largely overlooked, which is probably why the word ‘program’ is usually spelt in the American way. There was a tendency to assume that all the main ideas in computing, such as the idea of a stack, had originated in the United States. At that time, Alan Turing was known as a theoretician and for his work on artificial intelligence. The world didn’t know that he was a cryptanalyst, didn’t know that he tinkered with electronics, didn’t know that he designed a computer, and didn’t know that he was gay. He was hardly mentioned in the history of practical computing.
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Park, Julie. "Making the Automaton Speak." In AI Narratives, 119–43. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846666.003.0006.
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What might the eighteenth-century history of automata tell us about the relationships between voice, the human, machines and fiction? Given the rise in our daily lives of voice-operated ‘intelligent assistants’ at this time, the question is especially pertinent. By examining the eighteenth-century case of the speaking doll and the cultural values and desires that its representation in a 1784 pamphlet entitled The Speaking Figure, and the Automaton Chess-Player, Exposed and Detected reveals, this chapter will provide a historical framework for probing how the experiences and possibilities of artificial voice shed light on our deep investments in the notion of voice as a vital sign of being ‘real’ as humans.
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Koh, S. C. Lenny, and Stuart Maguire. "Competing in the Age of Information Technology in a Developing Economy." In Information and Communication Technologies Management in Turbulent Business Environments, 326–50. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-424-8.ch018.
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This case describes how banking in India has changed after developments in information technology in the last decade. The new private and foreign banks, which are strong in technology, are giving tough competition to old public sector banks. Private banks have pioneered Internet banking, phone banking, anywhere banking, mobile banking, debit cards, automatic teller machines (ATMs), and retail banking in urban India. This case is about the VN Bank, a public sector bank that has to formulate its strategy in order to compete in this new environment. The case also explores the opportunity and challenges for the bank in rural India and makes readers think about how information technology can help the bank in building a strong position in the rural markets. The findings of the case study also can be generalized across other developing countries, where domestic companies are facing tough competition from foreign and private players.
Conference papers on the topic "Cash machines; Automated teller machine"
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Perera, Kalpani, and Uthpalee Hewage. "Determinants of Automated Teller Machine Loading Demand Requirements in Sri Lankan Cash Supply Chains." In 2018 International Conference on Production and Operations Management Society (POMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/poms.2018.8629478.
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Sako, Hiroshi, Takashi Watanbe, Hiroto Nagayoshi, and Tatsuhiko Kagehiro. "Self-Defense-Technologies for Automated Teller Machines." In 2007 International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imvip.2007.20.
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Cherfia, Taha A., Belala Faiza, and Nadira Benlahrache. "Modeling of Architectural Reconfiguration Case Study: Automated Teller Machine." In 2012 Second International Workshop on Advanced Information Systems for Enterprises (IWAISE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwaise.2012.9.
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Cheong, Michelle L. F., P. S. Koo, and B. Chandra Babu. "Ad-hoc automated teller machine failure forecast and field service optimization." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294298.
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