Journal articles: 'Cashew nut'

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Witjaksono, Julian, Rusdin, Dahya, Entis Sutisna, Rita Indrasti, Siti Sehat Tan, Chandra Indrawanto, et al. "A REVIEW OF THE SMALLHOLDER CASHEW NUT PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA AND ITS SUSTAINABILITY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 4 (August 29, 2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.4.5.

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Cashew nut production in Indonesia is largely limited to the eastern region. The harvesting time varies according to the production region during the dry season, ranging from July to November. Most cashews are sold in the shells to traders who frequent farmers’ villages. However, the price of cashews in the shell is considerably lower than that of fresh or processed cashew nuts, which are mainly processed by smallholder farmers. Cashews are a potential export commodity because of their high economic value in the global market and as an added value for income generation in the smallholder farming system. This study is a systematic review of the economic impact of the cashew nut home industry focused on Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara as the three largest provinces producing cashew kernels in Indonesia. The metadata suggest that processing cashew nuts is a key element in enhancing farmers’ welfare, particularly for those in eastern regions, which are affected by drought. Four measures were identified to improve the home cashew nut industry sustainability: (1) develop local cashew enterprise processing; (2) facilitate linkages to business and financial institutions; (3) increase income via a farmer’s-group-managed processing unit; and (4) strengthen cooperation between farmer’s groups and companies.

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Griffin, Laura Elizabeth, and Lisa Louise Dean. "Nutrient Composition of Raw, Dry-Roasted, and Skin-On Cashew Nuts." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 6 (September 26, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n6p13.

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Cashew nuts are the second most popular tree nut in the US with sales growing at a rate of 7% per annum. The highest quality cashew nuts are traditionally whole, oil-roasted, and devoid of skins. The development of a technique to remove the caustic cashew nut shell liquid from cashews and leave the skins intact allows for the production of novel cashew products including skin-on or “wrapped” in addition to raw and dry roasted products. This study investigated the nutritional characteristics of these newer cashew products. These products were found to contain bioactive compounds including mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, arginine, magnesium, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. All the types of cashews exhibited higher levels of phytosterols than the amounts reported for other tree nuts. The skin-on cashews had higher levels of phenolic compounds compared to the other cashew varieties tested, indicating additional health benefits of consuming cashew nuts with skins.

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Olaitan P., Babatunde,, Adeigbe, Oluwayemisi O., Sobowale, Olalekan I., Muyiwa, Anna A., and Balogun, Shamsudeen T. "Cashew Production and Breeding in 5 West African Countries." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i51745.

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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Is an evergreen perennial tree crop that produce hard greyish nut enclosing a white nutritious kernel. The kernel is one of the major edible nuts or snacks with increasing global demand. The world's largest and most active cashew production region is in West Africa; where Cote d’ivoire, Nigeria, Benin, Guinea-bissau and Ghana top the list of countries where it thrives best. Since 2014, cashew has become the second-main crop after cocoa in terms of export value, in these countries. It is one of the essential agricultural commodities that have significantly boosted the continent of Africa's GDP, foreign exchange profits, and overall worth due to the rising demand for raw cashew nuts. Cote d'ivoire has profited from a few research and development programs in nut quality control. Efforts are on to enhance the peel-ability of Nigerian cashews and to produce improved planting material with the help of private sector investment. Cashew cultivars development of Guinea-bissau has not made significant progress, due to few resources available for doing research. In Ghana, there are efforts to increase the genetic diversity of cashews, and in Benin, numerous farmers have reported inadequate output from their cashew fields. Narrow genetic diversity has been reported in west African cashew gene pools. Low productivity, poor nut quality, infestation of pests and diseases, poor funding, and other factors continue to limit cashew production in West Africa. Improvement in nut yield, nut quality, and broadening of cashew genetic base is important to the sustainability of the region’s cashew sector. This paper provides an overview of current status of cashew production and breeding in the top five cashew producing countries of West African; the challenges, and opportunities for future improvement.

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ROSEN, TED, and DAWN B. FORDICE. "Cashew Nut Dermatitis." Southern Medical Journal 87, no. 4 (April 1994): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199404000-00026.

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Rosen, Ted. "CASHEW NUT DERMATITIS." Southern Medical Journal 85, Supplement (September 1992): 3S—21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199209001-00052.

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Borah, Swapnali, Ashok Kumar, Darshana Chetia, and Dipak Nath. "Manual Shelling of Preconditioned Cashew Nut Using Handtool and Its Impact on Occupational Health of Workers." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 7 (April 29, 2023): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i71860.

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India is the second-leading country in production of cashew nut. Cashew nut are roasted or steamed before shelling. The study was conducted in cashew nut processing industries situated in Selsella and Mankachar blocks of Meghalaya and Assam. The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting strength of cashew nut shells influenced by roasting and steaming. The impact of manual shelling of cashew nut on occupational health of workers was also assessed by using ergonomic tools. The moisture content, colour, and hardness of cashew nut shell were measured. The processing of cashew nut influenced the cutting strength of cashew nut significantly. Steamed cashew nut shell was stronger than the roasted cashew nut shell. Hence, manually shelling of steamed cashew nut shell required more force compared to with that of roasted cashew nut shell. Four cashew nut processing industries, two each from Selsella and Mankachar block of Meghalaya and Assam, respectively were selected purposively. A group of 10 female workers from each industry were selected randomly as sample for this study. Ergonomic parameters: working Heart Rate, energy expenditure, rated perceived exertion, hand grip measurements, RULA and REBA analysis were used to assess occupational health of workers. The results of the study showed that the workers of cashew nut industries were exposed to high occupational health and safety risk due to poor working environment, awkward working posture, repetitive and tedious job.

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Kurniawan, Ade Putra, Ferly Eka Kerniati, and Andre Rachmat Scabra. "Peningkatan Nilai Jual Biji Mete Hasil Produksi Masyarakat Desa Gumantar Kabupaten Lombok Utara." Jurnal SIAR ILMUWAN TANI 1, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jsit.v1i1.3.

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Gumantar Village is one of the villages in North Lombok Regency which has quite good potential in the agriculture and plantation sectors. One of the agricultural products in Gumantar Village is Cashew seeds. The community of Gmumantar Village is not yet optimal in terms of cashew nut processing. Cashew seed products harvested through plantations are sold in raw condition to collectors. Penagbdian activities to the community aims to increase the sale value of processed cashew seed products in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Regency. The increase in selling value is done by processing cashew seeds into ready-to-eat food products. The method of activities carried out is by conducting surveys, training, assistance and evaluation. Partners in community service activities are community groups that are part of the "Cashew series" cashew processing group in Guantar Village, North Lomok Regency. The results that have been achieved from this activity are increased public knowledge about how to process cashews into cashews to increase family income. Cashew seeds sold in raw conditions can now be processed into products that have a higher economic value. The name of the product produced in this community service is "Gumantar Cashew Nuts".

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EGLEZOS, SOFRONI, BIXING HUANG, and ED STUTTARD. "A Survey of the Bacteriological Quality of Preroasted Peanut, Almond, Cashew, Hazelnut, and Brazil Nut Kernels Received into Three Australian Nut-Processing Facilities over a Period of 3 Years." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.402.

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There is little information about bacteriological quality of preroasted kernels available in the public domain. An investigation of the bacteriological quality of preroasted peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, and Brazil nut kernels received into three Australian nut-processing facilities was performed over a period of 3 years. A total of 836 samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count, and 921 samples for Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The 921 samples included 653 peanut, 100 cashew, 60 almond, 60 Brazil nut, and 48 hazelnut kernels. There was no E. coli detected in any sample. Salmonella subsp. II (Fremantle) was detected in one raw almond sample. The aerobic plate count percentages of positive samples with counts above the detection level of the plating method used (100 CFU/g) for peanuts, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts were 84, 78, 74, 50, and 45%, respectively. Of the samples containing more than this detection limit, the means were 4.5, 4.4, 3.1, 2.5, and 3.8 log CFU/g respectively. Although roasted kernel quality was not within the scope of this survey, raw microbial bioload would be expected to reduce on roasting. The bacteriological quality of preroasted peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, and Brazil nut kernels received into nut-processing facilities in Australia does not appear to suggest a public health concern.

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Fauziyah, Elys, Aniyatussholihah Aniyatussholihah, and Dwi Ratna Hidayati. "Strategy of Export Competitiveness Enhancement on Cashew Nut Commodity." JEJAK 10, no. 2 (September 10, 2017): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11295.

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Plantation is one of sub sector in agriculture with strategic role and contribution in the Indonesian economic. One of those commodities is cashew nuts. This research aimed to analyze competitiveness of cashew nuts in the international market, to identify factors affecting cashew nuts competitiveness, and to formulate strategy in enhancing cashew nuts competitiveness. The research method used was RCA, ISP, ECI and SWOT. Research result showed that RCA value showed that Indonesian cashew nuts is comparative disadvantage, but Indonesia is as exporter by seeing ISP value, and market share of Indonesian cashew nuts based on ECI value. However Indonesia tends to be exporter country and have good market share. Strategy of export competitiveness on cashew nuts can be applied by extending trade cooperation by joining and taking active role in the world trade organization, increasing cashew nuts productivity and socialization of information about international market of cashew nuts about international market of cashew nuts, exporting procedures, cashew nuts export, import policies, and other rules related to transaction of cashew nuts export-import to all stakeholders.

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Kehinde Ademola, Adesanya, Mutiat Oluwaseyi Agboola-Adedoja, Adejoke Adebusola Adelusi, Qudus Adebayo Ogunwolu, Chinweike Abednego Ugwu, Modinat Adewunmi Alli, and Ayodele Oladipo Akinpelu. "Opportunities in Nigerian cashew nut value chain." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.1.0008.

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The demand for cashew nuts is on the rise compared to other tree nuts due to the increase in consumption and utilization of cashew nut products and by-products, respectively. Data from FAO and Review of past literatures was used and this study evaluated the Nigerian cashew value chain as product moves along the stages. It gives information to intending individuals along the value chain. The activities of the actors in the cashew nut value chain are expected to generate employment opportunities for teeming Nigerian youth.

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Mandal, Swapan. "Biochemical profile of Cashew nut." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 20 (December 30, 2019): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2019.v20.005.

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Cashew is a kidney-shaped nut that commercially grows on a tropical evergreen tree. In recent times, the commercial importance of cashew nut and apple in terms of human health is gaining great momentum. The kernels of 75 promising cashew germplasms were taken from different soils of West Bengal, for bio-chemical quantification. Out of which 10 promising commercial germplasms were taken for experimental study. The study indicates that nutritional content Iron (0.08%), Calcium (0.96%), magnesium (0.75%), potassium (2.18%), sodium (0.22%), phosphorus (1.21%), neutral lipid (98.54%), phospholipid (3.12%), protein (49.63%), starch (33.5%), amino acid (53.37%), phenol (53.4%), total sugar (21.27%). It also contains a huge amount of lipids that promote good cardiovascular health. Often high triglyceride levels are associated with an increased risk for heart disorders and mono-unsaturated fats reduce triglyceride levels. The cashew nuts high magnesium content also takes the credit for its healthy heart quality and so daily recommended for the heart-healthy mineral. It also protects against high blood pressure, muscle spasms, migraine headaches, tension, soreness, and fatigue.

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Baer, David J., and Janet A. Novotny. "Consumption of cashew nuts does not influence blood lipids or other markers of cardiovascular disease in humans: a randomized controlled trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy242.

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ABSTRACT Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a qualified health claim for tree nuts and reduction of cardiovascular disease. However, cashews are excluded from that claim due to their content of saturated fats, which is predominantly stearic acid. Because stearic acid is neutral with respect to blood lipids, several studies have been conducted to test the effect of cashew nuts on blood lipids, and these studies have produced conflicting results. Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a highly controlled intervention to determine the effect of cashews fed at the amount specified in the health claim on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 42 adults participated in a controlled-feeding study conducted as a randomized crossover trial with 2 treatment phases. The volunteers were provided the same base diet in both treatment phases, with no additions during the control phase and with the addition of 1.5 servings (42 g) of cashews/d for the cashew nut phase. During the cashew nut phase, the amount of all foods was decreased proportionally to achieve isocaloric overall diets in the 2 phases. After 4 wk of intervention, assessments included blood lipids, blood pressure, central (aortic) pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), adhesion molecules, and clotting and inflammatory factors. Results There were no significant differences in blood lipids, blood pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, adhesion molecules, or clotting factors in this weight-stable cohort. PCSK9 was significantly decreased after cashew consumption, although there was no change in LDL cholesterol. Conclusions Consumption of 1.5 servings of cashew nuts/d, the amount associated with the FDA qualified health claim for tree nuts and cardiovascular disease, did not positively or adversely affect any of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02628171.

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Mattison, Christopher P., Kayanush J. Aryana, Kristen Clermont, Eric Prestenburg, Steven W. Lloyd, Casey C. Grimm, and Richard L. Wasserman. "Microbiological, Physicochemical, and Immunological Analysis of a Commercial Cashew Nut-Based Yogurt." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 8267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218267.

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Nut-based milks and yogurts are gaining popularity, but may not offer the same benefits as dairy yogurts to consumers. Cashew nuts often cause severe allergic reactions, and cashew nut allergens are stable to several types of processing. To compare its characteristics to dairy yogurt and characterize the effects of fermentation on the Ana o 1–3 cashew nut allergens, a commercial yogurt made from cashew nuts (Cashewgurt) was evaluated for microbiological, physiochemical, and immunological properties. Average counts for lactobacilli and Streptococcus thermophilus were greater than 10 million colony forming units per milliliter, indicating the capacity to provide a health benefit. Cashewgurt pH and viscosity values were comparable to cow milk yogurts, and it was off white in color. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated a clear reduction in Ana o 1 and 2, and immuno-assay with polyclonal anti-cashew IgG antibody and cashew-allergic IgE indicated an overall reduction in allergen content. In contrast, SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, immunoblot, and ELISA all revealed that Ana o 3 was relatively unaffected by the fermentation process. In conclusion, Ana o 1 and Ana o 2 are sensitive to degradation, while Ana o 3 survives lactic acid bacterial fermentation during yogurt production. The analysis presented here indicates that cashew nut yogurt is not suitable for those with cashew nut allergy.

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Mohod, Atul, Sudhir Jain, and Ashok Powar. "Cashew Nut Shell Waste: Availability in Small-Scale Cashew Processing Industries and Its Fuel Properties for Gasification." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (September 11, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/346191.

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The energy and mass flow of the steam cooking operation of three readily defined small-scale cashew processing industries was studied to estimate the availability of cashew nut shell. The proximate analysis of cashew shell waste was carried out using ASTMD 73–75 method. The calorific value of the cashew shell was carried out using bomb calorimeter (ASTME 711). The thermogravimetric analysis of the cashew shell was carried out using TG-FTIR with 10∘C/minute heating rate. The study revealed that, the small-scale cashew processing industries followed steam-cooking process with average energy consumption accounted to be 2969.7 MJ per 1000 kg of raw cashew seed. The cashew shell waste generated in small-scale cashew processing industries was found to be 67.5% of total weight of cashew seed, which can be utilized as fuel for thermal energy supply. The average higher calorific value of the cashew nut shell was found to be 4890 kcal/kg. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that 85% weight of cashew nut shell has been degraded at 500∘C and in 13 minutes. The availability and fuel analysis of the cashew shell as a fuel revealed its suitability as a supplementary fuel for thermal application through pyrolysis in the industry.

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Mubofu, Egid B. "From cashew nut shell wastes to high value chemicals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2016): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0603.

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AbstractThe amount of waste generated in cashew nut processing factories has caused serious problems for a long time. However, this situation is about to change because they are being turned into an opportunity by a variety of bio-based chemicals. Todate, cashew nut shells (CNS) have proven to be among the most versatile renewable resource as they produce cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). CNSL which is a dark reddish brown viscous liquid (ca. 30–35 wt%) is extracted from the soft honeycomb of the CNS. The shells have been regarded as a by-product of the cashew industry though now it is a cheaper source of natural unsaturated phenols. CNSL offers a multitude of interesting possibilities for the synthesis of speciality chemicals, high value products and polymers. Our recent research efforts have demonstrated that its constituents can be transformed into diverse functional chemicals. This paper reports some key results on how cashew nut shells (an agro waste from cashew nut processing factories) have been employed to produce several functional materials and chemicals. The materials that are highlighted include the synthesis of 3-propylphenol from cardanol and anacardic acid, some polymers prepared from CNSL components, heterogeneous catalysts prepared using CNSL as a templating agent and anacardic acid capped chalcogenide nanoparticles.

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Patade, Manali A., Sandip T. Gaikwad, Mahesh Pathare, and Yogita Nikhade. "Utilization of cashew nut waste: Cashew apple and shell." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 2076–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1ae.8570.

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Nurliana, Laily, and Rustam Musta. "Studi Kinetika Antibakteri dari Hasil Pirolisis Cangkang Biji Jambu Mete terhadap Staphylococcus aureus." Indo. J. Chem. Res. 6, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2019.6-nur.

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Research on kinetics antibacterial from pyrolysis product of cashew nut shell againts Staphylococcus aureus have been carried out. Cashew nuts are prepared by separating the shell and seeds for pyrolysis. The results of S. aureus antibacterial activity test results pyrolysis pyrolysis products shell cashew nut showed inhibition is different for each variation of the concentration of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with inhibition of successive 0.87; 0.97; 1.38; 1.47 and 1.61 (cm). Based on these results it can be said that the result of the pyrolysis of cashew nut shells provide a response inhibition that were at concentrations of 12.5 and 25%. While the concentration of 50%, 75%, and 100% response inhibitory power is included in the strong category on the growth of S. aureus. Order the reaction of the antibacterial activity of S. aureus from the pyrolysis products obtained cashew nut shell 0,3 with activity rate constant of 0.38. The concentration of pyrolysis products of pyrolysis results cashew nut shell the minimum recommended for use as an antibacterial S.aureus.

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Mohod, Atul, Y. P. Khandetod, S. H. Sengar, and H. Y. Shrirame. "Energy Analysis of Baby Boiler for Steaming of Raw Cashew Nut Seeds." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/476702.

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The steaming of raw cashew seeds prior to shelling is adopted widely in small-scale cashew nut processing mills with the help of baby boiler. The wide variations in energy intensity of these mills reveal the scope for energy conservation. The baby boiler coupled with cooker commonly used for steaming of raw seeds was evaluated. The variation in steam pressure, temperature and operating time with respect to fuel was observed along with thermal efficiency of a boiler. The energy intensity to produce the steam using different fuel sources determined. The study revealed that the thermal efficiency of boiler using electricity as a fuel was higher (69.31%) as compared to 4.66% (Wood) and 4.47% (Cashew nut shell). It was observed that, the energy consumed per kg of cashew nut steaming using electricity (248.99 kJ/kg) was minimum followed by wood (3829.96 kJ/kg) and cashew nut shell (3835.64 kJ/kg). The variation of energy consumption for cashew nut steaming revealed the scope for energy conservation in biomass combustion system. The improvement in the biomass combustion efficiency for steam generation could results in less fuel consumption and shorter period.

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Assih, Alèdi, and Amen Yawo Nenonene. "CASHEW NUT-BASED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN TOGO: AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, CONSTRAINTS, AND IMPROVEMENT LEVERS." Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal 22, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2022.022.3.8.

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<p>This research aims to characterize cashew nut production systems in Togo and identify intervention axes to increase productivity. The method is based on a survey of 384 cashew producers in the main production areas. The results showed that 96.5% of the producers are men, and cashew plantations are mostly owned (79.9%) by indigenous peoples. The average age of producers is 48.15±11.60 years, and most farmers (91%) field is less than three (03) hectares. More than 79% of orchards are obtained by directly sowing and are rarely fertilized (6.34%). Intercropping is frequently practiced and lasts on average 5.1±2.2 years. Cashew nut yields are negatively affected by the long duration of intercropping, labor costs, and the long time between two harvests. Three major groups are distinguished among cashew producers, and ease of access to land is the factor that best discriminates them. Cashew nut yields remain low and average 345 kg/ha. Economic and technical constraints remain the main problems encountered in the field. Thus, the levers for improving cashew nut productivity are the strengthening of contract farming, strengthening of extension services and a better organization of the actors of the sector.</p>

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Shi, Yiping, Paul C. J. Kamer, and David J. Cole-Hamilton. "Synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs from cardanol derived from cashew nut shell liquid." Green Chemistry 21, no. 5 (2019): 1043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03823f.

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Cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid extracted from cashew nut shells was successfully converted into various useful pharmaceutical drugs, such as norfenefrine,rac-phenylephrine, etilefrine and fenoprofene.

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Rancé, F., E. Bidat, T. Bourrier, and D. Sabouraud. "Cashew nut allergy in children." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 111, no. 2 (February 2003): S252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80895-3.

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Quercia*, O., S. Rafanelli, L. Marsigli, Fg Foschi, and Gf Stefanini. "Unexpected anaphylaxis to cashew nut." Allergy 54, no. 8 (August 1999): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00264.x.

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Mohideen, S. Khaja, Senthil Kumar Kaliannan, Balaji Balasubramanian, and Karthikeyan Murugesan. "Cashew nut shell liquid poisoning." Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 2016): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.173696.

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Tyman, J. H. P., R. A. Johnson, M. Muir, and R. Rokhgar. "The extraction of natural cashew nut-shell liquid from the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale)." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 66, no. 4 (April 1989): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02885447.

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Mgaya, James, Ginena B. Shombe, Siphamandla C. Masikane, Sixberth Mlowe, Egid B. Mubofu, and Neerish Revaprasadu. "Cashew nut shell: a potential bio-resource for the production of bio-sourced chemicals, materials and fuels." Green Chemistry 21, no. 6 (2019): 1186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc02972e.

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Bastiaan-Net, Shanna, Manou R. Batstra, Nasrin Aazamy, Huub F. J. Savelkoul, Johanna P. M. van der Valk, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Marco W. J. Schreurs, Harry J. Wichers, and Nicolette W. de Jong. "IgE cross-reactivity measurement of cashew nut, hazelnut and peanut using a novel IMMULITE inhibition method." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 58, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 1875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-1083.

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AbstractBackgroundTree nut-allergic individuals are often sensitised towards multiple nuts and seeds. The underlying cause behind a multi-sensitisation for cashew nut, hazelnut, peanut and birch pollen is not always clear. We investigated whether immunoglobulin E antibody (IgE) cross-reactivity between cashew nut, hazelnut and peanut proteins exists in children who are multi-allergic to these foods using a novel IMMULITE®-based inhibition methodology, and investigated which allergens might be responsible. In addition, we explored if an allergy to birch pollen might play a role in this co-sensitisation for cashew nut, hazelnut and peanut.MethodsSerum of five children with a confirmed cashew nut allergy and suffering from allergic symptoms after eating peanut and hazelnut were subjected to inhibition immunoassays using the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi. Serum-specific IgE (sIgE) to seed storage allergens and pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR10) allergens were determined and used for molecular multicomponent allergen correlation analyses with observed clinical symptoms and obtained inhibition data.ResultsIgE cross-reactivity was observed in all patients. Hazelnut extract was a strong inhibitor of cashew nut sIgE (46.8%), while cashew nut extract was less able to inhibit hazelnut extract (22.8%). Peanut extract showed the least inhibition potency. Moreover, there are strong indications that a birch pollen sensitisation to Bet v 1 might play a role in the observed symptoms provoked upon ingestion of cashew nut and hazelnut.ConclusionsBy applying an adjusted working protocol, the IMMULITE® technology can be used to perform inhibition assays to determine the risk of sIgE cross-reactivity between very different food components.

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Mgonja, Nemganga Salimu, and Gosbert Lukenku Shausi. "Challenges Facing Small-scale Cashew Nut Processors in Ruangwa district, Tanzania: An Implication for Policy Change." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.3.492.

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This study was carried out to assess the challenges faced by small-scale cashew nut processors in Ruangwa District, Tanzania. The study employed a correlational research design using a survey on a sample of 180 small-scale cashew nut processors. Data were collected through questionnaire administration, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and documentary reviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and content analysis respectively. The study revealed the following challenges that face small-scale cashew nut processors: use of inefficient local processing tools, less availability of appropriate equipment and machine for processing, lack of money to acquire new technology, and lack of investment and working capital. Other challenges were the availability of raw materials, lack of market information on kernel, lack of reliable training facilities, and lack of government initiative support on cashew nut processing. The study recommends improvement and facilitation of modern processing equipment, training processors on improved processing techniques and improvement of domestic and international cashew nut markets.

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Lengari, Cristiany Gunu, Stevanie Aurelia Lifindra, Martinus Edy Sianto, and Suratno Lourentius. "Optimasi Ekstraksi Minyak Kulit Biji Mete Dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)." Widya Teknik 5, no. 2 (November 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/wt.v21i2.4205.

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In the processing of cashew nuts (Anacardium Occidentale L.) cashew seeds will be produced and the by-product is cashew nut shell. Cashew nut shells contain oil or cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Cashew nut shell oil is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an anti-cancer agent and also in the industrial sector as a raw material for car brake oil. The purpose of this study was to study the optimum conditions for extracting cashew nut shell oil using microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Optimization is determined by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method to see the relationship between the influential variables, namely temperature (50, 63, 75oC) and time (2, 6, 10 minutes). Anarchic acid contained in cashew seed oil at optimum conditions was analyzed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC – MS). From the optimization of the yield of cashew seed shell oil extraction, it was found that the optimum conditions were at extraction time of 31.7 minutes and temperature of 68.50C with cashew seed oil yield of 41.27%. Analysis of cashew seed oil at optimum yield using GC-MS found that the anarchic acid content was 30.11%.

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Akpotu, J. O., S. J. Oniye, S. A. Abdullahi, and B. T. Magaji. "Haematological and hepatho-renal effect of cashew nut oil on male Wistar rats." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v30i1.8.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the biosafety of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) nut oil using male Wistar rats as model. Cashew nut oil was extracted from cashew nuts with the aid of a Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups labeled I, II, III and IV (3 rats per group). Group I served as the control group and were administered distilled water. Group II received 1.53 mL/kg of the nut oil; group III received 4 mL/kg of the nut oil while group IV received 8.13 mL/kg of the nut oil. The administrations were via the oral route. Blood samples were collected weekly for haematological examination. At the end of four weeks study period, the rats were anaesthetized and the liver and kidneys were removed for histological examination. The haematological result showed slight deviation from the normal in packed cell volume (52%), total white blood cell count (9.38 x 103/mm3) and lymphocyte count (58.17%) in Wistar rats administered 4 to 8.13 mL/kg of the cashew nut oil, respectively yet no visible compromise of the immune system was observed. Histological analysis; however, revealed some hepatocyte morphological lesions including mild microvesicular steatosis, kupffer cell hyperplasia, shrinkage of glomeruli, glomerular distortion, necrotic renal tubules, severe congestion and atrophy of renal tubules in rats fed 8.13mL/kg of the nut oil. In conclusion, the cashew nut oil was responsible for hepatic parenchymal and matrix alteration in wistar rats administered 8.13 mL/kg of cashew nut oil.

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P.E, Adeio, Adejo E.G, and Zakari J. "EVALUATION OF THE PROFITABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN CASHEW NUT (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE) MARKETING IN ANKPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v2i1.1364.

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This study assessed youth participation in cashew nut marketing in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. It specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of the youths, examined the profitability of youth involvement in cashew nut marketing, assessed the efficiency and performance of youth in cashew nut marketing, and determined the level of market integration in cashew nut marketing. A three staged random sampling method was used to select 120 youth involved in cashew nut marketing for the study. Relevant primary data obtained through structured questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin model, marketing efficiency, and Pearson price correlation. Findings of the study showed a mean age and marketing experience of 37 years and 10 years respectively. Gross margin obtained was N 445, 563.90 per annum, N14, 811.11 per bag and N185.11per kg with a high efficiency level of 654%. The level of integration (0.415) between Awo and Enjema markets was significant 5%. Youth are encouraged to consider cashew nut marketing as an option to reduce unemployment and improve their welfare.

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Sultana, Zakia, SM Abdullah Al Mamun, AKM Aminul Islam, Md Abdul Mannan, and Md Monirul Islam. "Morpho-Molecular Diversity of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Germplasm of Bangladesh." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 32, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v32i2.63551.

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The present investigation was conducted to identify the genetic variability in morphological characteristics among 12 cashew nut germplasm of Bangladesh. The morphological parameters such as nut length, width, single nut weight, and 100-nut weight varied significantly (p ≤ 0.01) among the germplasm studied. The shape and color of the cashew nuts and cashew apples were also variable. The RAPD analysis of the germplasm showed 71.43% polymorphism on average. The cluster analysis results revealed two distinct groups; cluster-I was made up of two genotypes, GP-7 and GP-8, while cluster-II consisted of ten genotypes. The maximum genetic distance (0.50) was exhibited between GP-4 and GP-8, while the minimum (0.107) was between GP-1 and GP-2, and between GP-2 and GP-3. The results of nut morphological characteristics and genetic relationships in cashew nut germplasm may be utilized in describing of new varieties and for plant improvement programs. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 32(2): 167-180, 2022 (December)

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Cateia, Júlio Vicente, Clailton Ataídes de Freitas, and Paulo Ricardo Feistel. "Determinants of Cashew Nut Exports of Guinea-Bissau." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 9 (August 15, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n9p117.

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This study examines the impacts of income, exchange rate, and conflicts on Cashew nuts exports of Guinea-Bissau. The main results obtained by analyzing the impulse response function and variance decomposition showed that, in the short term, exchange rates shocks don’t explain the external demand for this commodity. External demand for cashew nuts responds to changes in global income and Civil Conflicts. However, in the long run, these variables have no impact on cashew nuts exports.

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Brzezinski, Jennifer L. "Detection of Cashew Nut DNA in Spiked Baked Goods Using a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1035.

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Abstract The detection of potentially allergenic foods, such as tree nuts, in food products is a major concern for the food processing industry. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed to determine the presence of cashew DNA in food products. The PCR amplifies a 67 bp fragment of the cashew 2S albumin gene, which is detected with a cashew-specific, dual-labeled TaqMan probe. This reaction will not amplify DNA derived from other tree nut species, such as almond, Brazil nut, hazelnut, and walnut, as well as 4 varieties of peanut. This assay was sensitive enough to detect 5 pg purified cashew DNA as well as cashew DNA in a spiked chocolate cookie sample containing 0.01% (100 mg/kg) cashew.

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Andayanie, Wuye Ria. "PENDAMPINGAN DAN KAJI TERAP BIOBRIKET KULIT BIJI JAMBU METE DI DUSUN NGAGLIK DESA NGEPOSARI, KECAMATAN SEMANU KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL." JURNAL DAYA-MAS 7, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/dymas.v7i2.6.

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One of the ways to reduce oil consumption and land use is to use cashew nut processing waste to produce biocharcoal briquettes, which are made from cashew nut shells. The business potential of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) in Ngaglik Hamlet, Ngeposari Village, Semanu District has prospects as a cashew nut producing area in Gunung Kidul Regency. Cashew nut shells contain fuel with high calorific value and long burning time and are safe for health. However, cashew shell waste has not been managed optimally. The purpose of this service program is to manage cashew nut shell waste as an alternative solid fuel product that can be used by the community as renewable energy. Lecture and discussion methods as well as question and answer are used for training. The contribution of this activity to society through technology transfer produces biobriquettes as a renewable and environmentally friendly energy. The application of science and technology biobriquettes from cashew nut shells has been adopted by cooperator farmers. This is shown by the results of the evaluation that 100% of the farmers made biobriquettes using the tools available in farmer groups for their own needs or for sale. The success of the application of science and technology was due to the transfer of technology from universities and the participation of cooperative and non-cooperative farmers from Ngaglik Hamlet, Ngeposari Village, Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency, which went well.

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Eke, U. B., S. O. Owalude, A. C. Tella, and O. G. Adejoro. "Transesterification Reaction of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) on a Bed of Crushed Cashew Nut Shell (CCNS)." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v27i1.6.

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Biodiesel (GA1) was produced by the transesterification reaction of palm kernel oil (PKO) and methanol catalysed by crushed cashew nut shaft. Biodiesel samples GA2 – GA4 were also produced from the palm kernel oil using conventional base catalysis by NaOH and crushed cashew nut shaft combined with NaOH. The physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data of the four samples were found to be similar and compared favourably to those of standard biodiesel. Keywords: Transesterification, palm kernel oil, cashew nut shell, methanolysis, biodiesel.

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Mukuddem-Petersen, Janine, Welma Stonehouse (Oosthuizen), Johann C. Jerling, Susanna M. Hanekom, and Zelda White. "Effects of a high walnut and high cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome: a controlled feeding trial." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 6 (June 2007): 1144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507682944.

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We investigated the effects of a high walnut diet and a high unsalted cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome. In a randomized, parallel, controlled study design, sixty-four subjects having the metabolic syndrome (twenty-nine men, thirty-five women) with a mean age of 45 (sd 10) years and who met the selection criteria were all fed a 3-week run-in control diet. Hereafter, participants were grouped according to gender and age and then randomized into three groups receiving a controlled feeding diet including walnuts, or unsalted cashew nuts or no nuts for 8 weeks. Subjects were required to have lunch at the metabolic ward of the Nutrition Department of the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). Both the walnut and the unsalted cashew nut intervention diets had no significant effect on the HDL-cholesterol, TAG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, serum fructosamine, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure and serum uric acid concentrations when compared to the control diet. Low baseline LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the cashew nut group may have masked a possible nut-related benefit. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly (P = 0·04) in the cashew nut group compared to the control group. By contrast, serum fructosamine was unchanged in the cashew nut group while the control group had significantly increased (P = 0·04) concentrations of this short-term marker of glycaemic control. Subjects displayed no improvement in the markers of the metabolic syndrome after following a walnut diet or a cashew nut diet compared to a control diet while maintaining body weight.

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Pinho, Diego Caitano, Francisco Nivaldo Aguiar Freire, Felipe Alves Albuquerque Araújo, Kaio Hemerson Dutra, Edwalder Silva Teixeira, Maria Eugênia Vieira da Silva, and Paulo Alexandre Costa Rocha. "Characterization and application of a selective coating for solar collectors from of the cashew nut shell liquid." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 1 (October 16, 2019): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719880935.

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Solar energy is the most promising energy source, due to its great availability and applicability in thermal energy applications. However, researchers still experience technological and economical challenge, since many systems that use this energy still have low efficiency and high cost. In this way, the development of new materials and technologies to increase the efficiency of solar thermal collectors is both a challenge and a necessity. In this context, the objective of this work is to obtain and analyze selective surfaces for solar thermal collectors, using cashew nut shell liquid. The cashew nut shell liquid can be classified as technical or natural, depending on the mode of extraction of cashew liquid. An experimental bench was built to simulate a flat plate solar collector under real operating conditions. For comparative purposes, the tests were performed between the cashew nut shell liquid and the commercial surface (MRTiNOX). In order to verify the structure morphology and the chemical composition of the surface, analyzes were performed by scanning electron microscopy. In order to identify the presence of components after the sintering process, the infrared analysis technique was used. To analyze the surface absorbance, the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy absorbance technique was used. With the tests in real conditions, it was possible to perform the temperature measurements, and later, with the energy balance, the absorptivity, emissivity, and efficiency were calculated. The technical cashew nut shell liquid presented efficiency of 42.86%, while the MRTiNOX, 41.8%. In contrast, natural cashew nut shell liquid obtained efficiency of 31.28%. Thus, the use of technical cashew nut shell liquid, a low-cost regional product, was presented as a viable and satisfactory solution for cost reduction in solar thermal collectors.

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Mandal, Swapan. "Stigma receptivity in Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 21 (April 30, 2020): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v21.005.

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The cashew is widely and commercially cultivated throughout the nation for its nut. Cashew is a polygamo – monoecious plant with both male and bisexual flowers developing in same inflorescence. Experimental study was conducted at Kesiary Cashew Plantation Sector, Medinipur as per the guidelines Regional Research Station, Jhargram and National Research Centre of Cashew, Karnataka (2014 – 2018). Changes in stigma receptivity were studied by over 100 panicles chosen at random taken from the commercially cultivated germplasms (WBDC – 4, Kottakerala – 2/97, Dicherla – 2/9, Vetore – 56 and Ullal – 2). The study was continued as for one day before, on the day of flower opening, one day & two days after flowering. It indicates that one day prior to opening & two days after of flowering, stigma receptivity was maximum in the plants of Vetore – 56. But on the day & one day after of flowering it was highest in Dicherla – 2/9. The optimum period of receptivity was at 12 noon on the day of anthesis.

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Pham, Toan D. "Analysis of genetic diversity of 100 cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) cultivars screened in Binh Phuoc based on nut yield and ISSR markers." Journal of Agriculture and Development 19, no. 02 (April 29, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.3.02.2020.

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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tropical tree, belonging to Anacardiaceae family and has high economic value growing in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity of cashew distributed in Binh Phuoc province for breeding development and conservation. A total of 100 cashew samples of over 10 years age distributed in Binh Phuoc province were divided into eight main groups based on nut yield. In contrast, the cluster analysis was divided 100 cashew samples into 12 groups based on 11 ISSR markers. The genetic diversity of 100 cashew samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.26, with a mean of 0.19. The results showed that cashew samples were high levels of polymorphism based on nut yield, as well as the ISSR markers. The results of this research would be one of the important information in the genetic evaluation of cashew trees and useful information for cashew breeding development in future.

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M, Figueroa-Valencia, Rosales-Martinez P, Santoyo-Tepole F, Ramos-Monroy O.A, García-Ochoa F, Hernández-Botello M.T, and López-Cortez M.S. "Antioxidant Properties of Red and Yellow Varieties of Cashew Apple, Nut and Husk (AnacardiumOccidentaleL.) Harvested in Mexico." Journal of Antioxidant Activity 1, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2471-2140.jaa-19-2747.

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Numerous studies have reported the health benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables that contain antioxidant properties. Within the group of fruits considered exotic, some are accessible and only consumed in their place of origin, such as soursop, noni, kiwi, pitahaya, and others. Anacardiumoccidentale, cashew, is a crop native to the Brazilian northeast that has excellent medicinal and nutritional properties. Because few studies have characterized cashew produced in Mexico, in the present work, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of cashew apple (red and yellow varieties) and its nut were studied. The content of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity were higher in the nut (174.19±20.98 GAE mg/100 g db) while cashew red pulp showed a superior value of the phenol content (159.75±12.91 GAE mg/100 g db) to that of yellow cashew pulp (151.9±5.23 GAE mg/100 g db). A high value was obtained for the TPC of the husk of cashew nut (74.30 mg GAE/g) compared with those of the kernel and false fruit. Red cashew presented a higher antioxidant capacity at 77.65 μmol Trolox/g and was superior to that of the kernel (38.52±2.9 μmol Trolox/g). Because cashew apple is usually discarded, a marmalade based on the pulp is proposed as an alternative for its conservation because it has a high content of phenolic compounds that is conserved for six weeks of shelf life.

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Kilanko, O., S. J. Ojolo, A. O. Inegbenebor, T. A. Ilori, R. O. Leramo, P. O. Babalola, S. O. Oyedepo, F. A. Ishola, and P. N. Onwordi. "Development of Cashew nut Shelling Machine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1378 (December 2019): 042091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1378/4/042091.

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Bedello, P. G., M. Goitre, D. Cane, G. Roncarolo, and V. Alovisi. "Allergic contact dermatitis to cashew nut." Contact Dermatitis 12, no. 4 (April 1985): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01125.x.

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Mary, Lubi C., and Eby Thomas Thachil. "Particleboard from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid." Polymers and Polymer Composites 15, no. 1 (January 2007): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110701500110.

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van der Valk, J. P. M., A. E. J. Dubois, R. Gerth van Wijk, H. J. Wichers, and N. W. de Jong. "Systematic review on cashew nut allergy." Allergy 69, no. 6 (April 15, 2014): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.12401.

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Nogueira Diógenes, Maria José, Fabíola D. E. Oliveira Ramos, Adriana D. E. Alencar Oliveira, and Pedro Coelho Nogueira Diógenes. "Paronychia in cashew nut industry workers." Contact Dermatitis 47, no. 2 (August 2002): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470210_13.x.

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Jain, R. K., and Sivala Kumar. "Development of a cashew nut sheller." Journal of Food Engineering 32, no. 3 (May 1997): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(97)00020-4.

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Mary Lubi, C., and Eby Thomas Thachil. "Particleboard from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 46, no. 4 (March 29, 2007): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602550701242893.

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Bernardino, Margarida, and Malvinder S. Parmar. "Oxalate nephropathy from cashew nut intake." Canadian Medical Association Journal 189, no. 10 (December 12, 2016): E405—E408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151327.

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Nogueira Diogenes, Maria José, Selene Mala De Morais, and Fernando Ferreira Carvalho. "Contact dermatitis among cashew nut workers." Contact Dermatitis 35, no. 2 (August 1996): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02310.x.

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Tufail, Tabussam, Farhan Saeed, Huma Bader Ul Ain, Bushra Niaz, Muhammad Afzaal, Ahmad Din, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria. "Cashew nut allergy; immune health challenge." Trends in Food Science & Technology 86 (April 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.014.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cashew nut'

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