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Journal articles on the topic 'Cassablanca and Monrovia groups'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Beaman, Lori, Niall Keleher, Jeremy Magruder, and Carly Trachtman. "Urban Networks and Targeting: Evidence from Liberia." AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211061.

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To solicit information from a social network in urban Monrovia, Liberia, we ask community members to assess their neighbors' poverty and assist in targeting a cash transfer. We find little evidence that local leaders, randomly selected neighbors, or neighbors nominated by fellow community members can accurately assess whether others in their community are among the poorest. Yet, all three groups target transfers to the poor modestly better than would be attributable to chance but worse than proxy-means-test-based targeting. We conclude that community advice provides some information for target

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Szuhanek, Camelia, Denisa Maria Golban, Radu Negru, et al. "Flash-Free Orthodontic Adhesive System Compared with the Conventional Direct Bonding Method." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 11 (2018): 3193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.11.6709.

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The latest technology in the field of orthodontic materials is represented by the Flash-Free Orthodontic Adhesive System. In the present study this novel technique is compared with the conventional direct bonding method. Ten extracted human premolars were separated into two groups: in the Group 1, APC Flash-Free Adhesive Coated Appliance System (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) was bonded, while in the control Group 2, Clarity Advanced braces (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded using XT Adhesive Paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) applied by the clinician on the bracket base. Bonding time

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Golban, Denisa Maria, Radu Negru, Camelia Szuhanek, et al. "Flash-Free Orthodontic Adhesive System Bonded on CAD/CAM Produced Resin Restorations." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 4 (2018): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.4.5084.

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Flash-Free Orthodontic Adhesive System represents the latest technology in the field of orthodontics. In the present study the bonding technique is applied on CAD/CAM produced resin crowns. Ten resin blocks were shaped after an upper premolar crown design from the 3Shape Library, and they were divided ino two groups: on Group 1, control, Clarity Advanced braces (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded using XT Adhesive Paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), while on Groups 2 same aesthetic brackets were applied, using the APC Flash-Free Adhesive Coated Appliance System (3M Unitek, Monrovia, C

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Torres, Luciana Sarmento, Levy Anderson César Alves, Marcelo Fava, and Rebeca Di Nicoló. "Effects of thermomechanical and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of brackets to bovine enamel bonded with conventional and self-etching adhesive systems." Brazilian Dental Science 18, no. 3 (2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2015.v18i3.1152.

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Several adhesive systems have been developed in the last decade. T<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">he aim of the current study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional primers or self-etching primers, artificially aged by means of thermocycling and thermomechanical procedures.90 bovine incisors were used in the investigation. The roots were sectioned in the amelo-cementary junction. </span></span>All samples were randomly divided in 2 groups ( n= 45), according to the primer used for bracket bonding. XT Group–hydropho

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Bishara, Samir E., Adam Wade Ostby, John Laffoon, and John J. Warren. "Enamel Cracks and Ceramic Bracket Failure during Debonding In Vitro." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 6 (2008): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/112007-540.1.

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Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no difference in bracket failure characteristics is noted when use of a new ceramic bracket debonding instrument is compared with the use of conventional pliers. Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In group 1, Clarity collapsible ceramic brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were debonded with the use of conventional Utility/Weingart (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) pliers. In group 2, Clarity brackets were debonded with a new Debonding Instrument (3M Unitek). For all teeth, the same bra

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Rajvikram, N., P. Rajakumar, R. Saravanan, et al. "Immediate and Delayed Effects of Diode Laser on Debonding of Ceramic Brackets: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 4 (2016): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1841.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study is to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of diode laser on debonding of ceramic brackets. Materials and methods A total of 60 human extracted premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups. All teeth were bonded with adhesive precoated (APC) ceramic brackets (3M Unitek). A total of 20 teeth were debonded without lasing (group 1), 20 immediately after lasing (group 2), and 20 1 hour after lasing (group 3). For the lasing groups (groups 2 and 3), access cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface to a 2 mm diameter. A transbond

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Mhatre, Amol, VK Ravindranath, Sachin Doshi, Girish Karandikar, and PS Vivek. "Frictional Characteristics of the Newer Low-friction Elastomeric Ligatures." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1137.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the efficiency of the new generation of elastomeric ligatures with innovative designs (SlideTM and AlastiKTM Easy-to-Tie) in reducing frictional resistance (FR) during sliding mechanics as compared with conventional ligatures. Materials and Methods Sixty ligature samples divided into four groups were used for the study. Group A: QuiK-StiK™ (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Group B: AlastiK™ Easy-to-Tie (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Group C: Slide™ (Leone, Firenze, Italy), and Group D: SS ligatures 0.010” (Libral Traders, New Delhi,

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McClain, James, J. Boima Kiazolu, Peter Saah Humphrey, and Plenseh Diana Paye. "Studies on diarrhea prevalence in selected communities in greater Monrovia, Liberia." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v9i2.30570.

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Diarrhea is an epidemic that threatens the livelihood of children less than five years in developing countries. Control and mitigation pose a severe challenge in these countries. The subjective of the study is to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhea among families in Greater Monrovia. The study recruited 257 families from three communities and geographically and randomly assigned to the two groups (A & B). Socio-demographic survey and knowledge and behavior questionnaires on diarrhea prevalence were used to collect data. Reports from the study indicate that family

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Munir, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Tariq, and Naveed Asif. "WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL EFFECTS IN EMPLOYEES REPORTING TO FIELD HOSPITAL IN MONROVIA, LIBERIA, A SURVEY." PAFMJ 71, Suppl-1 (2021): S153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-1.6208.

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Objective: To analyze work related effects on musculoskeletal system in employees reporting to Pakistan Field Hospital level II (PFH lvl II) Star Base, Monrovia, Liberia. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: PFH lvl II, Star Base, Monrovia, Liberia, from Apr to Sep 2017. Methodology: We enrolled 104 patients 30-60 years (years) consecutively, who were given a questionnaire regarding demographic and work related musculoskeletal issues. Type of work is divided into two categories as desk work/computer work and physical. Musculoskeletal issues were d

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Cruz, Joëlle M. "Invisibility and Visibility in Alternative Organizing: A Communicative and Cultural Model." Management Communication Quarterly 31, no. 4 (2017): 614–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318917725202.

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This study reengages organizational communication scholarship on invisibility and visibility through a cultural lens. Departing from Western-centered approaches, I deploy African feminisms to examine how organizational members communicatively negotiate invisibility and visibility in a different cultural logic and context. I focus on market women’s susu groups—grassroots organizations—in postconflict Liberia, West Africa. I conducted 100 hr of participant observation and 40 interviews with susu group members in Monrovia, Liberia. I unearth a communicative situational model to culture. At a micr

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Lon, Luís Filipe Siu, Luegya Amorim Henriques Knop, Ricardo Lima Shintcovsk, Odilon Guariza Filho, and Dirceu Barnabé Raveli. "Shear Bond Strength of Three Different Bonding Systems for Orthodontic Brackets." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 17 (July 5, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v17i0.8652883.

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Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the efficiencies of different adhesive systems used to bond orthodontic brackets as well as the fracture pattern during debonding on bovine teeth. Methods: The sample included 45 specimens assigned to 3 groups according to the adhesive system applied: Group I: Transbond XT (3M Unitek®, Monrovia/CA -USA), Group II: Orthocem (FGM® Joinville/SC-BR), and Group III: Orthobond (Morelli®, Sorocaba/SP-BR). For this purpose, metal brackets were bonded to bovine teeth following the instructions from each manufacturer. The specimens were subjected to a shea

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Ogbuagu, Onyema, Ian Watchekwa, Sean Donato, Cecilia Nuta, and Lydia A. Barakat. "1261. Alarming High Rate of HIV Detected by Testing and Prevention Opportunities: Observations From the Largest HIV Program in Liberia." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1124.

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Abstract Background HIV/AIDS remains one of the world’s most significant public health challenges. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to only 12% of the world’s population, yet accounts for 71% of the global burden of HIV infection. While the HIV prevalence among reproductive aged Liberians (age 15–49 years) is estimated at 1.9%. As the critical first step in HIV disease management is detection of cases, it is important to optimize HIV testing particularly among high-risk groups. Identifying these high-risk groups for HIV infection also provides information on prevention opportunities. We report on 5

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Çatalbas, Bülent, Ertuğrul Ercan, Ali Erdemir, Ibrahim Erhan Gelgor, and Yahya Orçun Zorba. "Effects of Different Chlorhexidine Formulations on Shear Bond Strengths of Orthodontic Brackets." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 2 (2009): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/032008-158.1.

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Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the application of different chlorhexidine formulations to the etched enamel will not affect shear bond strength (SBS). Materials and Methods: Forty-four freshly extracted human premolars were collected and stored in distilled water. The teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric and were rinsed and dried. The teeth then were divided into four equal groups. While Group 1 served as a control, Groups 2 to 4 were treated before bonding with a chlorhexidine formulation that included solution (2%), gel (1%), and mouthwash (0.2%). Orthodontic brackets were

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Pignatta, Lilian Maria Brisque, Sillas Duarte Júnior, and Eduardo César Almada Santos. "Evaluation of enamel surface after bracket debonding and polishing." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 4 (2012): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000400017.

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INTRODUCTION: Preserving the dental enamel structure during removal of orthodontic accessories is a clinician's obligation. Hence the search for an evidence based debonding protocol. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate and compare, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effects of four different protocols of bracket debonding and subsequent polishing on enamel surface, and to propose a protocol that minimizes damage to enamel surface. METHODS: Twelve bovine permanent incisors were divided into four groups according to the instrument used for debonding and removal of the adhesive remnant. In gr

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Keçik, Defne, Sevi Burçak Çehreli, Çağla Şar, and Bahtiyar Ünver. "Effect of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride and Casein Phosphopeptide–Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Application on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 1 (2008): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/122506-529.1.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of a recently introduced prophylactic agent, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), on shear bond strength of brackets and compare it with the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight freshly extracted mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12) as follows: group 1 served as control, and no pretreatment was performed on the enamel; group 2, enamel was treated with 1.23% APF and CPP-ACP, respectively; group 3, enamel was treated with CPP-ACP;

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Bishara, Samir E., Adam W. Otsby, Raed Ajlouni, John Laffoon, and John J. Warren. "A New Premixed Self-Etch Adhesive for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 6 (2008): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/122907-607.1.

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Abstract Objective: To determine if a new premixed self-etch adhesive can be used to successfully bond orthodontic brackets to enamel. Materials and Methods: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, 20 teeth were conditioned using the self-etching primer Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). In group 2, 20 teeth were conditioned using a new premixed self-etching adhesive, AdheSE One (Ivoclar Vivadent Inc, Amherst, NY). Both groups were bonded using brackets precoated with a composite adhesive. The teeth were debonded within half an hour

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Ozer, Mete, Mehmet Bayram, Cagri Dincyurek, and Fuat Tokalak. "Clinical bond failure rates of adhesive precoated self-ligating brackets using a self-etching primer." Angle Orthodontist 84, no. 1 (2013): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022013-149.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To comparatively assess the failure rate of adhesive precoated (APC) self-ligating metal brackets bonded with two different enamel surface preparation techniques: self-etching primer (SEP) and conventional two-step etch and primer method (CM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with complete permanent dentition were included in this study. A total of 1140 APC self-ligating brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were bonded using a split-mouth design. For each patient, SEP (Transbond Plus SEP, 3M Unitek) and CM (37% phosphoric acid) were used in alternate quadrants.

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Yassir, Yassir A., Grant T. McIntyre, Ahmed M. El-Angbawi, and David R. Bearn. "Does anchorage loss differ with 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot bracket systems?" Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 4 (2019): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/081918-608.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare maxillary first molar anchorage loss between 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot fixed appliance systems. Materials and Methods: Patients requiring bilateral maxillary premolar extractions (n = 74) within a randomized clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot MBT bracket systems (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were included. Three-dimensional pre- and posttreatment digital models were landmarked and measured (R700 scanner and OrthoAnalyzer software, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Anteroposterior position of the first molars was measured

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Arora, Nishtha. "Comparative evaluation of nano-filled and conventional adhesives for bonding of molar tubes." Bioinformation 17, no. 4 (2021): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017492.

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It is of interest to compare the bonding characteristics of the two nano filled adhesives, Grandio (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) and Transbond Supreme LV (TSLV, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, California) with conventional bonding adhesive Transbond XT (TBXT, 3M Unitek) for bonding of molar tubes. 45 extracted human permanent molar teeth, divided into three groups of 15 each, were bonded with stainless steel molar tubes (3M Unitek, USA) using TBXT in Group 1, Grandio in Group 2, TSLV in Group 3. Remnant Index and shear bond strength was evaluated after 24 hrs. of storage with the aid of Instron Universal tes

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Turk, Tamer, Selma Elekdag-Turk, and Devrim Isci. "Effects of Self-Etching Primer on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets at Different Debond Times." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 1 (2007): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/011606-22r.1.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of a self-etching primer on shear bond strengths (SBS) at the different debond times of 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes and 24 hours. Materials and Methods: Brackets were bonded to human premolars with different etching protocols. In the control group (conventional method [CM]) teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. In the study group, a self-etching primer (SEP; Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was applied as recommended by the manufacturer. Brackets were bonded with light-cure adhesive paste (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek) an

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Guignone, Bruna Coser, Ludimila Karsbergen Silva, Rodrigo Villamarim Soares, et al. "Color stability of ceramic brackets immersed in potentially staining solutions." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 4 (2015): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.4.032-038.oar.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the color stability of five types of ceramic brackets after immersion in potentially staining solutions.METHODS: Ninety brackets were divided into 5 groups (n = 18) according to brackets commercial brands and the solutions in which they were immersed (coffee, red wine, coke and artificial saliva). The brackets assessed were Transcend (3M/Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Radiance (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA), Mystique (GAC International Inc., Bohemia, NY, USA) and Luxi II (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, CO, USA). Chromatic changes were analyzed with the aid

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Oz, Aslihan Zeynep, Abdullah Alper Oz, and Sabahat Yazıcıoglu. "In vivo effect of antibacterial and fluoride-releasing adhesives on enamel demineralization around brackets: A micro-CT study." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 6 (2017): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/060217-371.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the preventive effect of two different adhesives on enamel demineralization and compare these adhesives with a conventional one. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients requiring the extraction of their first four premolars for orthodontic treatment were included in the study. One premolar was randomly selected, and an antibacterial monomer-containing and fluoride-releasing adhesive (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan) was used for orthodontic bracket bonding. Another premolar was randomly selected, and a

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Yassir, Yassir A., Ahmed M. El-Angbawi, Grant T. McIntyre, Gavin F. Revie, and David R. Bearn. "A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot orthodontic bracket systems: part 2—quality of treatment." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 2 (2018): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy038.

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Summary Objective To compare the quality of orthodontic treatment between 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot bracket systems. Subjects and methods Eligible participants aged 12 years or over were allocated to the 0.018-inch or 0.022-inch slot MBT appliance (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) using block randomization in groups of 10. Outcome measures included: 1. ABO cast-radiograph evaluation (CR-EVAL), 2. peer assessment rating (PAR) scores, 3. incisor inclination, and 4. patient perception using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need aesthetic component (IOTN AC) and three validated questio

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Tonkin, Elizabeth. "Historical Discourse: the Achievement of Sieh Jeto." History in Africa 15 (1988): 467–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171876.

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In this paper I consider how an African historian, Sieh Jeto, plotted his narratives. Sieh was a citizen of Jlao/Sasstown, a Kru polity in Southeastern Liberia. Jlao also author and perform other past-oriented accounts in different genres, and I have written on some of these. There is not room here to discuss all the ways in which Jlao refer to their pasts, and scene-setting is equally brief. I also confine myself to Sieh Jeto's plotting of narrative.I first encountered Jlao in 1972, and spent a year there in 1975/76. The new regime of President Tolbert at first promised reform, but emergent c

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Machibya, Ferdinand M., Xingfu Bao, Lihua Zhao, and Min Hu. "Treatment time, outcome, and anchorage loss comparisons of self-ligating and conventional brackets." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 2 (2012): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041912-326.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the treatment time, outcome, and anchorage loss among orthodontic patients treated by self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and conventional brackets (CBs). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study compared 34 patients (SLB group) treated by SmartClip brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) to 35 patients (CB group) treated by conventional preadjusted Victory series brackets (3M Unitek) and ligated by stainless steel wire ligatures. Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed using Pancherz sagittal-occlusion analysis t

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Iafigliola, Sérgio Giamas, José Guilherme Neves, Heloísa Cristina Valdrighi, Ana Paula Terossi de Godoi, Wiliam C. Custódio, and Mário Vedovello Filho. "Evaluation of different types of self-ligating brackets guided by electromagnetic field simulator on rotational control." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 17 (October 31, 2018): e18885. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v17i0.8653852.

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Aim: The objective of this study was to measure and compare the in vitro performance of active and passive self-ligating brackets in orthodontic rotation by means of an electromagnetic field simulation. Methods: The study sample consisted of 32 mandibular right central incisor brackets (n=8), slot 0.022", that were divided into the following groups: 1) BioQuick® (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany) active brackets; 2) In-Ovation®R (Dentsply-GAC, Central Islip, New York, USA) active brackets; 3) Damon-Q® (Ormco, Orange, California, USA) passive brackets, and 4) Smartclip® (3M, Monrovia, California

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Arora, Vinni, Rekha Sharma, and Sonal Chowdhary. "Comparative evaluation of treatment effects between two fixed functional appliances for correction of Class II malocclusion: A single-center, randomized controlled trial." Angle Orthodontist 88, no. 3 (2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071717-476.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of PowerScope and Forsus in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: This was a 2-arm parallel, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 28 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients indicated for treatment with fixed functional appliances were randomized and equally divided (n = 14) among PowerScope (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wis; mean age 14.11 ± 1.3 years) and Forsus (3M Unitek Corp, Monrovia, Calif; mean age 15.5 ± 1.1 years) groups. Skeletal and den

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Youssef, Ahmed, Carson Dennis, John P. Beyer, and Thorsten Grünheid. "Resistance to sliding of orthodontic archwires under increasing applied moments." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 18 (January 2020): 228080002096802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800020968027.

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Background: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances involves sliding of brackets along archwires. These movements involve friction, which causes resistance to sliding. In addition, moments cause teeth to tip until binding occurs between the bracket and archwire. The manufacturer of a new TiMolium®Titanium archwire claims material properties superior to β-Titanium, potentially leading to reduced resistance to sliding. Objective: To compare TiMolium archwires with β-Titanium and stainless steel archwires as the current gold standard for sliding mechanics under application of an increasing mo

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RIYANTI, ARISTY, ERWIN SIREGAR, and HARU SETYO ANGGANI. "SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF BISPHENOL A-GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE ADHESIVE RESIN AFTER APPLICATION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL BEFORE DEBONDING METALLIC ORTHODONTIC BRACKET." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, April 4, 2019, 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.16905.

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Objective: Debonding of orthodontic braces could lead to enamel fracture and moderate discomfort for the patients. This study was conducted toexamine whether eucalyptus oil and eucalyptol were effective in decreasing the shear bond strength and facilitate the debonding of metallic bracketsbonded with bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) adhesive resin.Methods: Thirty upper premolar teeth were randomly divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (75% eucalyptus oil), Group 2 (100%eucalyptol), and Group 3 (aquades; controls). Gemini brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia) were bonded to the t

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