Relevant bibliographies by topics / Characterization of ammonium chloride

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Characterization of ammonium chloride'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Characterization of ammonium chloride"

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Mydhili, B., Ancy Albert, and C. O. Sreekala. "Mixed Organic Halide Perovskite Energy Harvester for Solar Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, no. 1 (2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012044.

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Abstract Organic- inorganic hybrid perovskite shows promising properties such as optical, electrical, and magnetic. To address issues in the standard methylammonium lead iodide perovskite such as toxicity and stability, lead was replaced with Cu in metal ion part and iodine replaced by chlorine in the anionic position. In this work, methyl ammonium copper chloride (MA2CuCl4) and phenyl ethyl ammonium copper chloride (PEA2CuCl4) were synthesised. Optical and structural property variations of solution obtained by mixing MA2CuCl4 and PEA2CuCl4 in 1:1 ratio was studied. Methylammonium lead iodide
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Mi, Yingqi, Wenqiang Tan, Jingjing Zhang, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Property of Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chitosan Halogenated Acetates." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090315.

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Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan halogenated acetates were successfully synthesized from six different haloacetic acids and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) with high substitution degree, which are hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan bromacetate (HACBA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan chloroacetate (HACCA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan dichloroacetate (HACDCA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan trichloroacetate (HACTCA), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan difluoroacetate (HACDFA), and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitos
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Mushtaq, Muhammad, Hina Saba, Weiwei Wang, Muhammad A. Naeem, and Qufu Wei. "Fabrication and characterization of electrospun membranes from Poly(lactic acid) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 3 (2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083719831083.

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Poly(lactic acid)/hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay nanofiber membranes have been fabricated by the electrospinning technique. The nanofiber membranes were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Nanofiber membranes with different ratios of Poly(lactic acid) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite have been spun by varying voltage supply during electrospinning. These parameters were found to have a substantial effect on the morphologies of these membranes. It was found that 8% (
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Sivasankari, B., and P. Selvarajan. "Growth and Characterization of ULMA Single Crystals Doped with Ammonium Chloride." Journal of Materials 2013 (March 31, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/216732.

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Single crystals of pure and ammonium chloride-doped urea L-malic acid (ULMA) were grown by slow evaporation technique. Many interesting results on several properties of ammonium chloride impurity added to ULMA single crystals have been observed and studied. The different morphology of ammonium chloride-doped ULMA crystals was noticed and the effect of ammonium chloride doping on the growth, optical, and hardness properties has been investigated. The presence of functional groups has been estimated by FTIR analysis. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were studied by single crystal X-r
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Hossain, Syed Imdadul, Maria Chiara Sportelli, Rosaria Anna Picca, et al. "Green Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Synergistic AgCl/BAC Nanocolloids." ACS applied bio materials 5, no. 7 (2022): 3230–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6875107.

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This work carried out the synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial nanocolloids, which are based on the synergy of two colloidal nanoantimicrobials (NAMs): silver chloride and benzyldimethylhexadecyl-ammonium chloride (AgCl/BAC).
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Zhang, Shi Hong, Wei Chao Du, and Fa Shu Liang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Glycidyl Allyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (GADAC)." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.783.

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A brand new organic cationic monomer glycidyl allyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(GADAC) was synthesized with dimethylamine, allyl chlorine and epichlorohydrin to protect the oil and gas reservoirs from damage. The effect of temperature, pH, time and the mole ratio of reactants on cationic degree of GADAC was investigated by the orthogonal design experiments and then the effect of cation concentration on the cationic degree of GADAC was also studied. The optimal condition for synthesis was gained and the product was characterized by FIRS, and the results showed that the target-product had a very
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Deepthi, B. V., and Sobana Raj C. Isac. "Amalgamation, characterization and biological assay of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 28, no. 2 (2023): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/282rjce76081.

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The year 2020 appeared to be a massive loss of human population due to the COVID-19 virus. During that period of time, different medicines were utilised as disinfectants to minimise the spread of the virus. Among those, quaternary ammonium compounds were the most likely to be utilised as disinfectants. In this study, a quaternary ammonium compound namely benzyl-trimethylammonium chloride was synthesised at 0.1N to 0.8N concentrations and tested to find the activities of bacteria and fungi. Since this compound prosperously acts against bacteria and fungi, it can also truncate the spread of dise
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Kolonial Prodjosantoso, Anti. "Preparation and Characterization of Chloride-Free Alumina-Supported Platinum Catalysts." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (2018): 2068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404046.

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Supported precious metal catalysts are extensively used as efficient catalysts. This kind of catalysts, particularly chloride-free catalysts, sintesized using organoplatinum compounds as precursors has attracted immense research interest compared to their parent metals due to their unique physico-chemical properties. The main objective of this research is to prepare and characterize the chloride-free alumina-supported platinum catalysts. An organometallic compound of ammonium bisoxalatoplatinate(II) hydrate was used to prepare unsupported and alumina supported platinum catalysts. A series meth
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Jin, Zheng, Kai Zhao, Gang Chen, and Xu Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of 2-Hydroxypropyltrimcthyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 2216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.2216.

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Chitosan has the potential to act as mediators of DNA transfection targeted to phagocytic cells such as macrophages, and to protect against biological degradation by nucleases as well as enhance gene expression. However, the poor solubility of Chitosan is the major limiting factor in its utilization. 2-hydroxypropyltrimcthyl ammonium chloride Chitosan has be prepared successfully through covalent binding of 2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride ligands to the polymer’s primary amino groups and the polymer’s structure was verified with FT-IR spectra and NMR spectra. The new polymers were ob
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Dolinina, Alesya, Valery Korobochkin, Natalya Usoltseva, et al. "The Porous Structure Characterization of Products of Non-Equilibrium Electrochemical Oxidation of Copper and Cadmium." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.292.

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The porous structure of copper-cadmium oxide system produced by electrochemical synthesis using alternating current in ammonium chloride solutions with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% was studied. It was shown that the composition of electrolysis products is represented by oxides of copper (I) and (II), hydroxides of cadmium; it depends on the current density and the solution concentration. The products of joint electrochemical oxidation of copper and cadmium obtained in ammonium chloride solution with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% and current densities of 1 and 3 A/cm2 are characterized by me
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Characterization of ammonium chloride"

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Gudgel, Katherine Ann. "Growth of ammonium chloride dendrites." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289878.

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The ammonium chloride-water system has been used extensively as a transparent metal analog to model solidification in binary metal alloys. In this work, the growth rate and morphology of NH₄Cl dendrites grown from aqueous solutions were studied. Since an accurate knowledge of the materials parameters is essential to predicting the growth behavior, the equilibrium segregation coefficient was measured and a detailed analysis of the other NH₄Cl-H₂O materials properties cited in the literature was conducted. Isothermal experiments on bulk NH₄Cl-H₂O samples confirmed that the previously reported di
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Yang, Jeongwoo. "Fate and effect of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in mixed aerobic and nitrifying cultures." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19871.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Spyros G. Pavlostathis; Committee Member: Ching-Hua Huang; Committee Member: John A. Pierson.
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Dorreyatim, Mohammad. "Cyclic Polarization of AA 3102 in Corrosive Electrolytes Containing Sodium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955069/.

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Corrosion of all aluminum microchannel heat exchangers present a challenge in automotive and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industries. Reproducibility of Salt Water Acetic Acid Test (SWAAT) has been questioned and a need to new corrosion tests with better reproducibility has risen. Cyclic polarization, that is an electrochemical test, was explored for its suitability for the assessment of AA 3102 tube material that is currently a popular aluminum alloy used in manufacturing of heat exchanger. Corrosive electrolytes containing 3.5 % sodium chloride with 0.5 % ammonium sulf
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Li, Wenjing. "Characterization of the ammonium transporter family AMF1 in maize." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18646.

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Ammonium is an important inorganic nitrogen source utilized by plants. The uptake of ammonium by plant roots involves two types of ammonium transport pathways, the high-affinity ammonium transporters (HATS) and the low-affinity ammonium transporters (LATS). Genes encoding HATS proteins have been studied well in plants while the LATS pathway is not sufficiently understood. Recently, through a transcriptional linkage to a membrane bound transcription factor, bHLHm1, a novel family of ammonium transporters, AMF1 (ammonium facilitator 1) were discovered. Heterologous expression of yeast and soybea
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Zell, Elizabeth T. "A Novel Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Chloride Nanocrystals in a Sodium Chloride Matrix." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1387281922.

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Duggirala, Ravi Kumar. "Double diffusive convection during solidification of ammonium chloride - water (NH4CL-H20) mixture in a trapezoidal cavity." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3095.

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The effect of the initial concentration of ammonium chloride (sub eutectic: C < 19.8 wt. % and eutectic Ce= 19.8 wt. %) and boundary temperatures (Tcold = -30 0C to -10 0C) on the solidification process is examined. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used in this study to measure the velocity fields in the melt during the solidification process. The distributions of temperatures at discrete locations in the solution and the boundary walls were measured. This study focuses on the solidification of an ammonium chloride-water (NH4Cl- H2O) solution in a trapezoidal cavity with one and two incline
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Wills, Peter. "Novel biocidal formulation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/novel-biocidal-formulation(776ed624-6717-496f-9b31-ad2edce8e24b).html.

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In this modern age, society has become much more aware of the danger bacteria can have on people's health. Personal and household antimicrobial formulations are commonly used within the home to lower the levels of harmful bacteria such as E. Coli, Salmonella and Pseudomonas. The active which kills the bacteria within the formulation is described as a biocide. This research looks at the often neglected potential of cationic polyelectrolyte as a biocide, firstly within solution and secondly in creating an antimicrobial surface. The solution properties and antimicrobial activity for a range of co
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Schäfer, Arne. "Characterization of ammoniumtransporters in Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/593/.

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Nitrogen is often a limiting factor for plant growth due to its heterogenous distribution in the soil and to seasonal and diurnal changes in growth rates. In most soils, NH4+ and NO3 – are the predominant sources of inorganic nitrogen that are available for plant nutrition. In this context, plants have evolved mechanisms that enable them to optimize nitrogen acquisition, which include transporters specialized in the uptake of nitrogen and susceptible to a regulation that responds to nitrogen limiting or excess conditions. Although the average NH4+ concentrations of soils are generally 100 to 1
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Wacker, Tobias [Verfasser], and Susana [Akademischer Betreuer] Andrade. "Electrophysiological characterization of Ammonium transport proteins = Elektrophysiologische Charakterisierung von Ammoniumtransportproteinen." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1115813951/34.

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Tamami, Mana. "Synthesis and characterization of ammonium ionenes containing hydrogen bonding functionalities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19234.

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Ammonium ionenes are polycations that have quaternary nitrogens in their macromolecular backbone and are synthesized via step-growth polymerization technique. They offer interesting coulombic properties, and the synthetic design provides control over charge density. Non-covalent interactions including nucleobase hydrogen bonding and electrostatics were studied in ammonium ionenes. The non-covalent interactions are expected to increase the effective molecular weight of polymeric precursors and induce microphase separation due to intermolecular associations. The influence of non-covalent interac
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Books on the topic "Characterization of ammonium chloride"

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Vleminckx, C. Genotoxic effects of Glycidyl-Trimethyl-Ammonium chloride. Institut d'Hygiene et d'Epidemiologie, Ministere de la Sante Publique et de l'Environnement, 1987.

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Raddatz, A. E. Preparation of ammonium paratungstate from a sodium tungstate-sodium chloride phase. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Preparation of Ammonium Paratungstate From A Sodium Tungstate-Sodium Chloride Phase. s.n, 1988.

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Zhu, Ruixing. Characterization of Positive Electrodes in Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries. [publisher not identified], 2016.

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Roger, Cohen-Adad, and Lorimer John W, eds. Alkali metal and ammonium chlorides in water and heavy water (binary systems). Pergamon Press, 1991.

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W, Lorimer John, and Cohen-Adad Roger, eds. Alkali metal and ammonium chlorides in water and heavy water (binary systems). Pergamon, 1991.

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Työterveyslaitos and Teknillinen Korkeakoulu. Faculty of Process Engineering and Material Science., eds. Occupational skin diseases from epoxy compounds: Epoxy resin compounds, epoxy acrylates, and 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Institute of Occupational Health, 1991.

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Yim, King Fai Evelyn. Platelet compatibility and surface characterization of amidine surface modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl chloride). National Library of Canada, 2000.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Technology Innovation Office, ed. Innovations in site characterization: Case study, Dexsil L2000 PCB/chloride analyzer for drum surfaces. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Technology Innovation Office, 1999.

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Walata, S. A. Source characterization and control technology assessment of methylene chloride emissions from Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Characterization of ammonium chloride"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Ammonium Chloride." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_524.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Benzyl Triethyl Ammonium Chloride." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1107.

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Lascelles, P. T., and D. Donaldson. "Ammonium Chloride Load Test." In Diagnostic Function Tests in Chemical Pathology. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1846-7_2.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "PEG-5 Stearyl Ammonium Chloride." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_7710.

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Holze, Rudolf. "Ionic conductance of dimethyl dodecyl ammonium chloride." In Electrochemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49251-2_614.

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Dutrizac, J. E. "Ammonium jarosite formation in ferric chloride leaching processes." In EMC ’91: Non-Ferrous Metallurgy—Present and Future. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3684-6_7.

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Lotspeich, Erica, and Vilem Petr. "The Characterization of Ammonium Nitrate Mini-Prills." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06995-1_45.

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Todorović, M. R., U. B. Mioč, I. Holclajtner-Antunović, and D. Šegan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ammonium Decavanadate (V)." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-971-7.351.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of carbon dioxide (1); water (2); ammonium chloride (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1761.

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Holze, Rudolf. "Ionic conductivities of glycerol + N,N-diethyl ethanol ammonium chloride." In Electrochemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49251-2_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Characterization of ammonium chloride"

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Kus, Slawomir, Kwei Meng Yap, and Pierre Constantineau. "Managing Integrity and Corrosion through Real-Time Prediction Modeling Approach – “Software Sensor” Concept." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18126.

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Abstract Corrosion and Integrity Management (CIM) covers several elements such as policy, strategy, resources etc. For effective implementation and supervision, these should be also supported by an integrated IT platform for analysis and communication. There’s a lot of hype about the Digital Transformation or the Industrial Internet of Things and their roles in supporting corrosion and integrity management. Digital Transformation at its core, is a simple concept – to harness the immense power of plant and process data in a seamless, cloud enabled digital environment to achieve superior process
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Reed, Carl W. "A Study of the Effect of Film Thickness and Blast Profile on Accelerated Underfilm Corrosion Creep." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00054.

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Abstract The creepage of corrosion underneath a coatings film applied to a steel test panel is often used as a performance test for the anti-corrosion properties of a coating system. Underfilm corrosion creep, also sometimes referred as scribe creep in the laboratory environment, is defined as the degree of corrosion emanating away from a scribe line underneath a coating film applied to a steel substrate. There are several factors which may affect the degree of corrosion creep, two of these being dry film thickness of the coating and the peak height of the blast profile of a steel substrate. A
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Mahajanam, Sudhakar, Fred Addington, Amanda Barba, et al. "Ammonium Chloride Corrosion in the Refining Industry." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09574.

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Abstract Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) corrosion is an aggressive form of localized, underdeposit corrosion commonly found in overhead equipment and piping associated with crude and hydroprocessing units. This happens when ammonia and hydrochloric acid in the vapor react to form NH4Cl salt. Being hygroscopic, NH4Cl absorbs moisture leading to severe localized attack. Since this form of corrosion is highly unpredictable; appropriate operational, materials and chemical controls should to be set in place. However, this is not always the case. Additionally, models developed in the lab have not been ve
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Petersen, Philip R., Arthur de Jong, William F. Minyard, and John L. Sigmon. "Impact of Ammonium Chloride Salt Deposition on Refinery Operations." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01540.

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Abstract Fouling and consequent underdeposit corrosion caused by ammonium salts, especially ammonium chloride, have serious impact on the reliability of operation of various process units. Fouling of tower trays can result in the loss of throughput, changes in the vapor pressure and endpoints of product streams, increased pressure drop in the tower, and corrosion of the trays. Salt deposition on heat exchanger tubes causes a decrease in heat transfer efficiency, increased pressure drops, and corrosion. This paper will discuss the causes of ammonium chloride fouling, methods to help prevent and
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Lin, Huang, and Vishal Lagad. "Evaluating Ammonium Chloride Corrosion Potential with Water Partial Pressure." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-08960.

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Abstract Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) salt, because of its hygroscopic nature, can be very corrosive and often leads to heavy pitting and localized corrosion, even in the absence of free liquid water. The potential for NH4Cl salt deposition has been determined by NH3 and HCl partial pressure. However, the potential for salt formation does not necessarily lead to corrosion, because dry NH4Cl is not corrosive. The potential and severity of NH4Cl corrosion depends heavily on water availability. In this paper, the critical relative humidity (CRH) or critical water partial pressure (CWP) for deliquesc
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He, Xihua, Roberto Pabalan, Todd Mintz, Greg Oberson, Darrell Dunn, and Tae Ahn. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of UNS S30400 Stainless Steel Exposed to Atmospheric Ammonium Nitrate and Sodium Chloride Mixtures." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3885.

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Abstract In the United States, some spent nuclear fuel is stored in dry cask storage systems. Most dry storage systems use canisters fabricated from austenitic stainless steel. Canisters are exposed to the ambient atmosphere and literature data indicate that near regions of industrial, commercial, or agricultural activities, abundant airborne particulates may include sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium as well as a smaller amount of chloride. This study evaluated the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of as-received and sensitized UNS S30400 stainless steel exposed to ammonium nitrate m
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Regniere, Matthieu, Christophe Mendibide, and Rikard Norling. "Effect of Temperature on Corrosion in Saturated Ammonium Chloride Solution." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20856.

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Abstract The highly corrosive behavior of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is known to originate from its intrinsic hygroscopic nature. Refining and co-processing process units for biofuels are often exposed to highly concentrated NH4Cl solution either resulting from water vaporization from an HCl and NH3 containing solution when the temperature increases or salt deposition from vapor phase when the temperature drops. For the latter case, once it reacts with water vapor present in the process, the deposited NH4Cl salts forms a concentrated and corrosive solution through deliquescence (unlike in conve
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Toba, Kazuhiro, Koji Kawano, and Jun’ichi Sakai. "Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Chloride Salt." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4007.

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Abstract The corrosion behavior and the hygroscopic properties of solid ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) salt are investigated. This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition, the corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated. Corrosion and water-absorption tests were performed under various relative humidity (RH) conditions with solid NH4Cl salts using a temperature- and humidity-controlled chamber. Eig
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Shargay, Cathy, James Turner, Barry Messer, Deyuan Fan, and William Fort. "Design Considerations to Minimize Ammonium Chloride Corrosion in Hydrotreater Reac's." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01543.

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Abstract Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) underdeposit corrosion in hydrotreater reactor effluent coolers can produce extremely high corrosion rates and may lead to leaks or fires. There are generally no cost effective, reliable materials to resist this attack; hence a goal of any design is to prevent formation of deposits. This paper will give a general description of the corrosion mechanism and contrast it with ammonium bisulfide corrosion which is also a major concern in reactor effluent air coolers (REAC’s). Case histories of NH4Cl corrosion are given along with theories on why chloride salt prob
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Debruyn, Hendrik J. "Corrosion Management in Hydrocracking and Hydroprocessing Units." In MPWT 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/mpwt19-14442.

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Abstract Hydrocracking and other refinery hydroprocessing units have a common goal to convert organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that can be removed, thereby producing low-sulfur refinery products. Corrosion and equipment degradation risks range from high-temperature hydrogen attacks (HTHA) to ammonium bisulfide and ammonium chloride corrosion in the downstream heat recovery and fluid separation equipment. This paper provides an overview of corrosion management principles that can be applied to reduce operating risks in new and existing units, focusing equipment susceptible to
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Reports on the topic "Characterization of ammonium chloride"

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Brockmann, J. E., D. A. Lucero, T. Romero, and G. Pentecost. Calibration of the On-Line Aerosol Monitor (OLAM) with ammonium chloride and sodium chloride aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10119574.

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Magirl, C. S., and F. P. Incropera. Flow and morphological conditions associated with the directional solidification of aqueous ammonium chloride. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6794124.

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Magirl, C. S., and F. P. Incropera. Flow and morphological conditions associated with the directional solidification of aqueous ammonium chloride. Annual performance report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130109.

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Cooper, George, Ashley Stowe, Jeff Preston, Brendon Wiggins, Keivan Stassun, and Arnold Burger. The Characterization and Optimization of Lithium Hafnium Chloride Crystal Scintillators for Neutron Detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1410677.

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BARNETT, JAMES L., and BERTHA M. MONTOYA. Viability of Applying Curie Point Pyrolysis/Gas Chromatography Techniques for Characterization of Ammonium Perchlorate Based Propellants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801003.

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Freedman, David, Jessica High, Anthony Reid, et al. Characterization of Microbes Capable of Using Vinyl Chloride and Ethene as Sole Carbon and Energy Sources by Anaerobic Oxidation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606832.

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Russo, David, and William A. Jury. Characterization of Preferential Flow in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580681.bard.

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Preferential flow appears to be the rule rather than the exception in field soils and should be considered in the quantitative description of solute transport in the unsaturated zone of heterogeneous formations on the field scale. This study focused on both experimental monitoring and computer simulations to identify important features of preferential flow in the natural environment. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) To conduct dye tracing and multiple tracer experiments on undisturbed field plots to reveal information about the flow velocity, spatial prevalence, and time evol
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Kjarmo, H. E., and G. L. Tingey. Characterization of a WESF (Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility) cesium chloride capsule after fifteen months service in a dry operation/wet storage commercial irradiator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7091746.

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Beavers, Gui, and Sridhar. PR-186-073508-R01 Environmental and Stress Factors that Produce SCC in Existing Ethanol Facilities. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010441.

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The potential exists for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel pipelines transporting fuel grade ethanol (FGE) and FGE- gasoline blends. The objective of SCC 4-3 Phase 2 was determine if inhibitors are effective in preventing SCC growth under more realistic field conditions than those found in the slow strain rate (SSR) tests performed previously. The results of the research demonstrated that: 1. Un-notched SSR test results generally correlated well with the results of the crack growth tests using precracked CT specimens, although the latter test technique was somewhat more aggressiv
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Tehrani, Fariborz M., Kenneth L. Fishman, and Farmehr M. Dehkordi. Extending the Service-Life of Bridges using Sustainable and Resilient Abutment Systems: An Experimental Approach to Electrochemical Characterization of Lightweight Mechanically Stabilized Earth. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2225.

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Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure. This research addresses the need to extend the service life of bridges by improving the safety and reliability of bridge abutments and reducing their life-cycle cost and footprints. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is a known strategy to enhance the economy and performance of bridge abutments. In addition, the application of rotary-kiln-manufactured lightweight aggregate backfills improves the performance of MSE bridge abutments with a leaner structural system. Such improvements include a reduction of structural demands due t
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