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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemical composition of steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Semenovskyi, O. Ye, and L. L. Titova. "Optimization of chemical composition of steel for gearweels of agricultural industry engineering." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 11, no. 4 (2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2020.04.123.

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Development of new steels in mechanical engineering to create alloys with predetermined properties that can minimize material and labor costs during their processing. Optimization of the chemical composition of the alloy based on the analysis of the impact of complex alloying on the structure and consequently on the manufacturability of steel. This will reduce the level of internal intensities in the heat treatment process. Based on the analysis of existing trends in mechanical engineering, it is established that the complexity of modern parts of gearweels imposes on the material increasing te

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2

Bolshakov, Vladimir, Nataliia Kalinina, Diana Нlushkova, Igor Kіrichenko, Alexander Voronkov, and Luidmila Kostina. "Material Science Aspects of Alloy Modification by Nanocompositions of Plasma-Chemical Synthesis." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.278.

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Crystallographic characteristics of nanodispersed materials obtained by plasma-chemical synthesis were studied. Using industrial equipment for plasma-chemical synthesis the nanodispersed powders of high-melting carbide, nitride, carbonitride and silicide class compounds based on titanium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon were obtained. Technology for synthesis of powder fraction less than 100 nm was developed. The efficiency of nanodisperce compositions use in smelting of structural steels was determined. In the result of 10Г2С steel modification with Ti (CN) nanopowder strength, plastic properti

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3

Lobanova, L., and M. Lobanov. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SUPERMARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL USING THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS." Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series ‘Metallurgy’ 22, no. 2 (2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/met220202.

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Supermartensitic steels have a unique complex of chemical and mechanical properties, so pipes made of these steels have found their application in the oil and gas industry. However, these steels tend to form a banding structure. The banding structure is the cause of the products properties anisotropy and in addition can lead to the semi-finished products destruction at the production stage. In this work, the steel of the supermartensitic class 10Kh13N3MFB was investigated for its tendency to form a defect “banding” in the structure. For this, thermodynamic calculations and mathematical modelin

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4

Qiao, Gui-ying, Xiao-wei Chen, Zhi-en Zhang, et al. "Mechanical Properties of High-Nb X80 Steel Weld Pipes for the Second West-to-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7409873.

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The mechanical properties of steel pipe have great effects on the integrality and operation safety of gas transmission pipeline. In order to reduce the cost of the steel pipe, the high-Nb X80 pipeline steels with the different alloying systems have been used in the Second West-to-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project. Nevertheless, an investigation into the effects of chemical composition on the mechanical properties of steel pipes is lacking. In this work, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of high-Nb X80 grade steel pipes with a diameter of ϕ1,219 mm and a wall thickness of

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Podolskyi, R. V., Е. А. Safronova, O. Ye Merkulov, G. A. Kononenko, O. I. Babachenko, and O. L. Safronov. "Analysis of compliance of experimental steels for railway rails with modern standards of Ukraine and the EU." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy 36 (2022): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2022-36-362-369.

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The process of operating vehicles determines the interaction of the wheel and rail. Traffic safety and the main technical and economic indicators of track management and rolling stock largely depend on these parameters. The result of this interaction are changes in the metal, which arise from rolling friction and especially from the friction of the wheel sliding on the rail during braking, due to these changes, the wheels of the rolling stock wear out. The purpose od the work is to research of the microstructure and mechanical properties of steels of promising chemical compositions to meet mod

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Mishchenko, Valeriy, Alona Kripak, and Dmytro Tonkonoh. "Developing the optimal chemical composition of heat-resistant Cr-Ni steel for aerospace equipment." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 12 (126) (2023): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.288224.

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The object of research in this work is the processes of forming the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-resistant steels depending on their chemical composition. The microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of austenitic heat-resistant chrome-nickel steels of the proposed chemical composition were investigated in the work. The microstructure study determined the grain size and topography of inclusions in steels. Based on the results of mechanical tests, a multifactorial experiment was planned, which made it possible to establish the relationship between the mechan

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7

Uzun, Ramazan, Ümran Başkaya, and Yasemin Kılıç. "Effect of Chemical Composition and Annealing Parameters for Advanced Packaging Steel Applications." Sakarya University Journal of Science 29, no. 2 (2025): 191–99. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1599129.

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Packaging steels are widely used across a broad range of industries, from food and beverage to chemical products, for the protection, transportation and storage of goods. In this study, the effects of chemical composition and annealing parameters on the phase transformation behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of packaging steels were investigated. Two steel samples, Steel A and Steel B, with different chemical compositions (designed according to ASTM A623-22 standard limitations), were prepared using a vacuum induction melting (VIM) furnace. Within the scope of simulation studi

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Ding, Beidou, Naiqiang Xiao, Shuxun Zhang, and Yong Wang. "Research on NDT Technology in Inference of Steel Member Strength Based on Macro/Micro Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4393279.

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In consideration of correlations among hardness, chemical composition, grain size, and strength of carbon steel, a new nondestructive testing technology (NDT) of inferring the carbon steel strength was explored. First, the hardness test, chemical composition analysis, and metallographic analysis of 162 low-carbon steel samples were conducted. Second, the following works were carried out: (1) quantitative relationship between steel Leeb hardness and carbon steel strength was studied on the basis of regression analysis of experimental data; (2) influences of chemical composition and grain size o

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9

Povorotnia, I. R., O. A. Safronova, R. V. Podolsky, and E. V. Oliinyk. "Influence of chemical composition on the phase structure and hardness of carbon steel for railway axles after deformation and heat treatment." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 38 (2024): 656–71. https://doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2024-38-656-671.

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Given the considerable number of complex approaches using information technologies to justify the choice of the content of chemical elements in steel and the limitations inherent in them, the use of the concept of directional chemical bonding is proposed, which ensures high predictive accuracy and obtaining the necessary properties at the level demanded by the consumer. The paper analyzes the requirements of regulatory documentation regarding the chemical composition, namely the content of the main components such as carbon, manganese and silicon, in steel for railway axles of grades EA1N, F a

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10

Trzaska, Jacek, and Wojciech Sitek. "A Hybrid Method for Calculating the Chemical Composition of Steel with the Required Hardness after Cooling from the Austenitizing Temperature." Materials 17, no. 1 (2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010097.

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The article presents a hybrid method for calculating the chemical composition of steel with the required hardness after cooling from the austenitizing temperature. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs) were used to develop the model. Based on 550 diagrams of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) of structural steels available in the literature, a dataset of experimental data was created. Artificial neural networks were used to develop a hardness model describing the relationship between the chemical composition of the steel, the austenitizing temperature, and the har

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11

Ghali, Saeed, Hoda El-Faramwy, and Mamdouh Eissa. "Solubility of Nitrogen in Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 1148 (May 15, 2025): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jgvj0c.

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Modified stainless steel grade X45CrNiW 18-9 has been developed through replacement of nickel by nitrogen. The modified steels have been produced in induction furnace under nitrogen pressure and were cast into round ingots with 100 mm diameter. The cast modified stainless steels were forged, followed by air cooling. The nitrogen contents were determined and compared with those calculated using Institute of Metal Science (IMS) equation: The results showed that there are great deviations between the actual nitrogen contents and predicted values through IMS equation. So, an equation has been deri

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12

Shang, Lei, Hai Li Yang, Hong Xu, and Yun Gang Li. "The Influence Factors of Silicon Steel Magnetic Property." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.345.

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Magnetic properties of silicon steel mainly depend on the internal organizational structure and chemical composition. The main factors affecting magnetic properties of silicon steel are analyzed and summarized, including grain size, inclusions (size, type, quantity, and morphology), crystal texture, internal stress, dimensional accuracy, the surface quality of steels, and chemical composition. The impact mechanism of the factors influencing silicon steel magnetic property is explained and these influence factors are interrelated.

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13

Sofras, Christos, Marianthi Bouzouni, Nikolaos Voudouris, and Spyros Papaefthymiou. "Investigation of penetrator defect formation during high frequency induction welding in pipeline steels." MATEC Web of Conferences 349 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134904002.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the formation of oxide defects known as penetrators during high frequency induction welding process of high strength low alloy pipeline steels and to correlate their formation with the steel chemical composition. Penetrators formed during the welding process can be detrimental for the impact properties of the weld seam. For this purpose, three different samples, with different chemical compositions, were intentionally produced with penetrator-type oxides and investigated. In order to characterize the oxide defect and correlate their formation with the ch

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14

Lutsenko, V. A., E. V. Parusov, T. N. Golubenko, et al. "The interrelation of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of constructional alloyed steels." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 32 (2018): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-328-335.

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The aim of the work is to determine the content intervals of alloying elements in structural alloyed steels, which ensure the obtaining of mechanical properties and the conformity of rolled products to the requirements of European standards. The studies were conducted using a predictive model developed by the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, taking into account the full chemical composition of the steel. The regularities of changes in the interatomic interaction parameter on the number of alloying elements in the steel composition and its relationship wi

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15

Aftandiliants, Ye G. "Influence of chemical composition on heat resistance of structural steel." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 11, no. 3 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2020.03.081.

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It is based of process analysis of structural steel operation at elevated temperatures and stresses, it is established that their workability depends with the chemical composition of steels and operation stress, time, temperature. The heat-resistant structural steels alloying is aimed for reducing the intensity of softening processes, that is, the redistribution of the alloying elements between the solid solution and the separation phases, their coagulation and changes of the crystal structure defects. The results of the study of chemical composition effect, temperature, stress and operation t

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16

Trzaska, J. "Calculation of Critical Temperatures by Empirical Formulae." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0167.

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Abstract The paper presents formulas used to calculate critical temperatures of structural steels. Equations that allow calculating temperatures Ac1, Ac3, Ms and Bs were elaborated based on the chemical composition of steel. To elaborate the equations the multiple regression method was used. Particular attention was paid to the collection of experimental data which was required to calculate regression coefficients, including preparation of data for calculation. The empirical data set included more than 500 chemical compositions of structural steel and has been prepared based on information ava

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17

Tomašić, Neven, Wojciech Sitek, Dario Iljkić, and Wendimu Fanta Gemechu. "Designing the Chemical Composition of Steel with Required Hardenability Using Computational Methods." Metals 14, no. 9 (2024): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14091076.

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This paper introduces an innovative approach that enables the automated and precise prediction of steel’s chemical composition based on the desired Jominy curve. The microstructure, and in fact the presence of martensite, is decisive for the hardness of the steel, so the study considered the occurrence of this phase at particular distances from the quenched end of the Jominy sample. Steels for quenching and tempering and case hardening were investigated. With the representative collected dataset of hardness values from the quenched end of the Jominy specimen, microstructure and chemical compos

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18

Fuchs, D., D. Kohlschmid, T. Tobie, and K. Stahl. "On the Chemical Composition of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Ultra-Clean Gear Steels." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 77, no. 2 (2022): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2022-1004.

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Abstract Fisheye failures due to non-metallic inclusions can lead to the reduced endurance fatigue limit of case-hardened, shot-peened gears. Various approaches for preventing crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions are conceivable. As one approach, steel manufacturers have invested much effort in the steelmaking process to produce ultra-clean gear steels. Such ultra-clean gear steels were investigated in a gear research project. For each steel batch, different measures were taken during steel production to avoid or bind off non-metallic inclusions in order to reduce or even suppress the h

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19

Umanskii, A. A., V. V. Baidin, and A. S. Simachev. "Influence of chemical composition of steels for production of grinding balls on their deformation characteristics." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 6 (2024): 637–43. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-6-637-643.

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The conducted studies determined the patterns of influence of chemical composition and deformation parameters of ball steels with experimental chemical composition on their deformability. The development of experimental chemical compositions of ball steels was carried out based on the existing experience of domestic and foreign researchers, taking into account the possibility of further application of the obtained results for ball steels of standard grades. The studies were carried out using a specialized laboratory installation by the method of hot-rolling samples. An increase in the carbon c

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20

Aftandiliants, Y. G. "The influence of chemical composition on the heat resistance of casted structural steel." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 97, no. 1 (2021): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2021.01.038.

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The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of chemical composition, temperature, stress and operating time on the creep and durability of structural steels. It is shown that the efficiency of structural steels in conditions of elevated temperatures and loads depends on the chemical composition, stress level, operating time and temperature. The influence of alloying elements is associated with the inhibition of the process of weakening of heat-resistant steels due to the reduction of their diffusion mobility and intensity of redistribution between the ferrite and secondary pha

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21

Andronache, Constantin, Ana Socalici, Lucia Vilceanu, and T. Hepuţ. "Researches on the Influence of Chemical Composition Regarding the Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Steel for the Manufacture of Monobloc Wheels." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.352.

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Mechanical characteristics required for the manufacture of steel wheels piece of property gives it a combination of toughness with wear and fatigue resistance, so that rail movement to take place safely. Quality steels, physical-mechanical characteristics that are influenced by chemical composition, practical content elements influence positive and negative. This paper presents the correlations obtained by industrial processing in Excel and Matlab programs between chemical composition and physical-mechanical characteristics of steel components for the manufacture of rolling stock.

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22

Yuan, Gen Fu, Yan Sheng Yao, Yu Ping Ma, and Hua Qi Liang. "Study on Chemical Mechanism of Laser and Fluid Corrosion Combining Processing." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3875.

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Medium plays an important role in the laser and fluid corrosion combining processing. Through X-ray diffraction analysis of chemical composition on the tool steel surface after laser-chemical processing, its chemical resultant is researched and analyzed. And the chemical reaction process of the laser and chemical hybrid etching of the tool steel material is explicated. Applied electron microscopy to surface morphology observation, under the action of laser beam, the effect of different chemical media corrosion on tool steel material is studied. The chemical mechanism of material removal of com

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23

Gadalov, V. N., V. V. Shkatov, Yu V. Skripkina, and A. E. Gvozdev. "Study of the critical deformation dependence for dynamic recrystallization in low-carbon steels on the chemical composition." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2008-07.

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The article considers dependence of the critical deformation for dynamic recrystallization in low-alloy steels on the chemical composition. The article shows an improved model for forecasting the critical deformation for dynamic recrystallization, which allows considering the content of chemical elements in steel. The article analyzes the influence of the chemical composition of low-alloy steels on the value of critical deformation during hot deformation. The article shows that the developed mathematical model can be used in the system of automated control of the structure and properties of st

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Moskalev, D. N., and I. A. Tsyganov. "Chemical composition of brass coating for steel cord." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 9 (2022): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-9-662-670.

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The objective of the research was to identify transitional diffusion layers in the steel wire – brass coating system. Brass wire is used in the production of steel cord. Such wire made from steel 80 by dry drawing, two-stage deposition of brass coating (Cu + Zn) and subsequent diffusion annealing was used for this research. The chemical composition was studied using a TESCAN Vega3 SBH scanning electron microscope with an Oxford Instruments attachment for X-ray microanalysis (MRSA). To obtain maps of the elements distribution, the overlay of the received frames was used. The authors studied che

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Vukosavljević, Aleksandar, Aleksandar Sedmak, Srđan Tadić, Ljubica Radović, and Nenad Radović. "Influence of chemical composition and heat treatment on hardness and strength of a Hadfield steel." Structural Integrity and Life 25, no. 1 (2025): 11–14. https://doi.org/10.69644/ivk-2025-01-0011.

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In this paper the effect of composition and heat treatment on strength and hardness of Hadfield steel is investigated. Two different compositions of Mn12 and Mn16 steels are used with two different heat treatments: water quenching and water quenching with additional aging. Hardness, tensile strength and microstructure are analysed in 8 samples used in this research. It is concluded that effects of composition and heat treatment reflect through the microstructure in complexity. The investigation shows that these effects are much more pronounced in hardness than in the strength.

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Kovalchuk, M. V., A. S. Oryshchenko, V. A. Malyshevsky, S. N. Petrov, and E. A. Shumilov. "Unifying chemical compositions of high-strength steels in shipbuilding." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(93) (January 6, 2019): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-93-1-07-14.

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The problems of creation of structural high-strength steels of unified chemical composition and production technologies ensuring the yield point in the range of 590–950 MPa have been considered. The possibility of obtaining such materials appeared after extensive studies on the Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator and Quarto 800 laboratory mill confirming the possibility of unifying chemical compositions of high-strength steels with adjustable yield strength within the specified limits. Given the identity of the results of steel treatment on the mentioned equipment and Quarto 5000 industria

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Churyumov, Alexander, Alena Kazakova, and Tatiana Churyumova. "Modelling of the Steel High-Temperature Deformation Behaviour Using Artificial Neural Network." Metals 12, no. 3 (2022): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030447.

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Hot forming is an essential part of the manufacturing of most steel products. The hot deformation behaviour is determined by temperature, strain rate, strain and chemical composition of the steel. To date, constitutive models are constructed for many steels; however, their specific chemical composition limits their application. In this paper, a novel artificial neural network (ANN) model was built to determine the steel flow stress with high accuracy in the wide range of the concentration of the elements in high-alloyed, corrosion-resistant steels. The additional compression tests for stainles

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Xu, Xue Xia, Bing Zhe Bai, and Wei You. "Study on Heavy Section Forging Steel for Reactor Pressure Vessel Applying Simulation Methods." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.194.

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The composition and heat treatment of heavy section forging steel for reactor pressure vessel were optimized applying physical and numerical simulation methods, including numerical simulation to calculate temperature distribution during quench of model forging, artificial neural network to predict CCT diagrams of steels and small sample control cooling to simulate specific heat treatment. And the influence of compositon and heat treatment on microstructure and properties were discussed. Results showed that the experimental steel obtained satisfactory properties based on optimization of chemica

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Zhou, Xiao Lei, Zhe Shi, Gui Fang Zhang, Yue Hua Ding, and Xiao Yuan Yang. "The Introduction of the Chemical Composition in IF Steel Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.141.

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The background,development status and chemical composition controls technologies of IF steel smelting was introduced. In China, IF steel production has reached a certain scale, but is still in the primary stage of development.Liquid steel composition characteristics of IF steel is ultra-low carbon and nitrogen, micro alloying and pure steel. The automobile panel with defect free surface is produced, that must be accurate control of IF steel in carbon, nitrogen and other elements.According to the operating state, IF Steel process characteristics and chemical composition controls technologies we

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Gasik, M. I., M. M. Gasik, Yu V, Klimchik, Yu V. Projdak, A,P, Gorobets, and Yu N. Bortnikov. "Electron microscopy and x-ray spectral microanalysis of types and chemical propeties inclusions of the railway axis from a continuous billet." Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, №4, 2018, no. 4 (August 2018): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s004-0284478.

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Purpose. Analysis of status and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions of raw railway truck axle shafts steel using electron microscopy and X-ray spectral microanalysis for the improvement of the throughout technology of the axles production. Methodology. Study of phase composition and type of non-metallic inclusions in axles shaft steel was carried out with modern equipment and method of X-ray spectral microanalysis for quantitative and qualitative data. Findings. The analysis of the elements on chemical composition on EA1N steel and of non-metallic inclusions on physical and mechani

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Poletskov, P., A. Kuznetsova, A. Gulin, D. Emaleeva, and D. Alekseev. "ANALYSIS OF WEATHER-RESISTANT STEELS CHARACTERISTICS." POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, no. 56 (November 14, 2022): 67–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318201.

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The article considers the main features of weather-resistant steels. The relevance of the development of technologies for the manufacture of weather-resistant rolled steel is noted. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of the chemical composition on the resistance of steel to atmospheric corrosion.

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Mitelea, Ion, Ion Dragoş Uţu, Daniel Ochian, and Mircea Burcă. "Transformation Reactions by TIG Welded Joints of the Alloyed Steels Used for Endless Saw Blades." Advanced Materials Research 1111 (July 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1111.31.

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Butt welding by TIG method using a low alloyed steel wire with solid state transformation point, G3Si1, having 1 mm diameter is a feasible solution for both unique and small series production and for saw blades reshuffling made of dissimilar steels (rapid steel HS 2-10-1-8 for the active part and X32CrMoV4-1 steel for the tool holder).This paper analyses the structural and chemical composition modifications occurred in the heterogeneous welded joints areas by endless saw blades. The phenomena which manage the continuous evolution of the weld chemical composition are highlighted by Energy Dispe

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Trzaska, J. "Neural networks model for prediction of the hardness of steels cooled from the austenitizing temperature." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 82, no. 2 (2016): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7105.

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Purpose: The paper presents the new neural networks model making it possible to estimate the hardness of continuously-cooled steel from the austenitizing temperature.Design/methodology/approach: The method proposed in the paper employs two applications of the neural networks of: classification and regression. Classification and consists in determining the value of dichotomous variables describing the occurrence of: ferrite, pearlite, bainite and martensite in the microstructure of a steel. The values of dichotomous variables have been used for calculating steel hardness. The other task is regr

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Bulko, B., J. Kijac, and T. Borovský. "The Influence of Chemical Composition of Steel on Steel Desulphurization." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 56, no. 3 (2011): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0065-1.

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The Influence of Chemical Composition of Steel on Steel Desulphurization The steel desulphurization in ladle furnace depends on temperature, oxygen and sulphur content in the steel, but mainly on chemical composition and physical properties of slag. Necessary requirement for effective desulphurization is also minimum content of easily reducible oxides in the slag. There are many correlations for expression of slag desulphurization capability, where their functional dependency on each other can be found, mainly between sulphur distribution coefficient, optical basicity, basicity, sulphide capac

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Kazakov, A. A., O. V. Fomina, A. I. Zhitinev та P. V. Melnikov. "Basic physical and chemical concepts for controlling δ-ferrite content when welding with austenite-ferrite materials". Voprosy Materialovedeniya, № 4(96) (8 січня 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-96-4-42-52.

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The paper shows the influence of steel chemical composition on δ-ferrite behavior throughout the entire range of temperature considering welding consumables. Materials for joints are manufactured of the 10Kh19N11M4F, currently used for welding high-strength low-alloy steels. This steel prospects for welding high-nitrogen corrosion-resistant steels saving their non-magnetism, including the zone of welded joint, were analyzed on the basis of these studies. Using thermodynamic modeling, critical parameters were found that determine the behavior of δ-ferrite during solidification and subsequent co

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Křivý, Vit, Petr Konečný, and Viktor Urban. "Strength Properties and Chemical Composition of Materials Used in Weathering Steel Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.292.

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The paper deals with a statistical evaluation of the real material properties of weathering steels used for the construction of motorway bridges in the Czech Republic between 2001 and 2007. The statistical analysis and evaluation is carried out for a range of hot rolled plates made of S355J2W weathering steel. The paper contains an evaluation of the strength properties of the steel and its chemical composition. The paper also contains derived real values of partial factors of materials corresponding to the relevant reliability classes RC1 to RC3 pursuant to the European standard EN 1990.

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Iwanciw, J., D. Podorska, and J. Wypartowicz. "Modeling of Oxide Precipitates Chemical Composition During Steel Deoxidization." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 56, no. 4 (2011): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0110-0.

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Modeling of Oxide Precipitates Chemical Composition During Steel Deoxidization The work analyses the possibilities of modeling the process of steel deoxidization from the view-point of thermodynamic equilibrium between liquid steel and oxide precipitates. Two calculation procedures were employed, which make use of WYK_STAL authors' program and commercial software FactSage. Two kinds of steel were taken into account, one with considerable titanium addition and the second without titanium. The variation of chemical composition of non-metallic precipitates with titanium concentration, aluminum ad

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Pacyna, J. "Crack resistance of tool steels corresponding with the chemical composition of their matrices." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 86 (2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4868.

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Purpose: of the presented investigations was showing that the crack resistance of tool steels depends on their hardenability and phase transformations occurring in the quenched matrix at tempering. The chemical composition of austenite decides on the steel hardenability while phase transformations after tempering can be influenced (apart from the chemical composition) by the heating method. Design/methodology/approach: of investigations was based on the analysis of dilatograms and the achieved aim was to obtain the hard tool steel (app. 500 HV30) for hot works. Samples of a diameter of 10 mm (

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Rożniata, Edyta, and Dariusz Zasada. "Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDS Microanalysis for Microstructural Investigation of Hypoeutectoid Steel." Solid State Phenomena 231 (June 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.231.125.

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The results of a microstructure, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and hardness investigations of the hypoeutectoid steels with 1% Ni, imitating by its chemical composition toughening steels, are presented in the paper. According to PN-EN 10027 standard this steel should have a symbol 37NiMo4-3.The kinetic of phase transformation of undercooled austenite of investigated steel was presented on CCT diagram (continuous cooling transformation). The CCT diagram of tested steel is characterized in that the curves of beginning of the diffusion transitions form a letter "C" and are n

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Babachenko, O. I., G. A. Kononenko, T. V. Balakhanova, O. A. Safronova, and Zh A. Demetieva. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAILWAY AXLE STEEL ON THE UNIFORMITY OF THE FINAL MICROSTRUCTURE." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 4 (022) (September 28, 2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.300824.08.1069.

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The relevance of the work. For modern railway transport, increasing the strength and operational reliability of rolling stock parts, in particular railway axles, is an urgent task. It is known that the inhomogeneity of the distribution of chemical elements in the structure of structural grade carbon steels is formed mainly during their crystallization and may subsequently affect the final structural state and set of properties. Purpose. Study of the influence of the chemical composition of steels for railway axles on the uniformity of the structure. Methodology. Experimental ingots of differen

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Zhitenev, Andrey, Maria Salynova, Alexey Shamshurin, Sergey Ryaboshuk, and Vladislav Kolnyshenko. "Database Clustering after Automatic Feature Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel." Metals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101650.

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Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) in steel have a negative impact on the properties of steel, so the problem of producing clean steels is actual. The existing metallographic methods for evaluating and analyzing nonmetallic inclusions make it possible to determine the composition and type of NMIs, but do not determine their real composition. The analysis of single NMIs using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fractional gas analysis (FGA), or electrolytic extraction (EE) of NMIs is too complicated. Therefore, in this work, a technique based on the automatic feature analysis (AFA) of a large numbe

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CHUMANOV, I. V., and V. V. SEDUKHIN. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE LIMITING NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN DUPLEX STEELS." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, no. 7 (2022): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-7-598-604.

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The history of origin of the duplex steels (austenitic-ferritic type steels) and improvement of their manufacturing methods in the process of development of metallurgical technologies are described. The influence of nitrogen as an alloying element in steels of this class is considered, as well as the peculiarities of structure formation and different types of compounds in the crystallizing melt of the considered chemical compositions. Influence of limiting nitrogen concentration in the metal as a limiting factor for obtaining defect-free ingots is described. The various methods are given, whic

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Ah-lung, Guillaume, Ayyoube Barchid, Brahim Boubeker, et al. "Effects of Melting/Casting and Thermal Treatment Surrounding Gas Phase Composition on the Properties of a Low-Alloyed Steel." Metals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14121317.

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This study aims to provide insights into the experimental conditions used during the melting/casting process and subsequent thermal treatments of low-alloy steels, particularly regarding recycled scrap metals. As sustainable practices in metallurgy gain importance, optimizing scrap metal recycling is crucial for producing steel grades with desired chemical compositions, microstructures, and physical properties. Understanding these conditions is vital for enhancing the efficiency and quality of steel production from recycled materials. This study emphasizes the critical role of specific experim

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Trzaska, J. "Empirical formulas for calculating Continuous Cooling Transformation diagrams." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 97 (2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7946.

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Purpose: The paper presents empirical formulas for the calculation of Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagram basing on the chemical composition and austenitizing temperature. Design/methodology/approach: In the method of calculating CCT diagrams proposed in the paper, two types of tasks are solved. First task is classification and consists in determining the range of cooling rate for particular phase transformations. The second task is regression, which aims at calculating the transformations temperature, hardness and volume fraction of phases in steel. The model of CCT diagrams was d

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Liberski, Piotr. "Zinc Coatings Obtained by Hot Dip Method on the High Strength Steel for Link Chains." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.143.

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The 23MnNiCrMo52 steel is used to produce coil chains for the mining industry. The chemical composition of that steel is responsible for the high strength of chains but their corrosion resistance is not sufficient. The chains are delivered as naturally black, treated with anti-corrosion oil or painted. They are not generally protected against corrosion by hot dip zinc coatings due to their specific shape and complex chemical composition of steel. In the paper the authors present the results of tests on obtaining zinc coatings on the 23MnNiCrMo52 steel. The growth kinetics of the coatings has b

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Grigor’ev, A. М., K. V. Grigorovich, А. Yu Em, and A. O. Morozov. "Interaction of rail steel melt with refractory lining." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 7 (2021): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-7-484-487.

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The rail steel properties are adversely affected by rigid non-metallic inclusions, containing aluminum oxides. Therefore, aluminum content is limited to 0.004 % wt. in rail steel grades. Aluminum can get into steel from charge materials and refractory lining. In this work, we’ve analyzed how the chemical composition of refractories used in rail steel making influence steel quality on example of one domestic enterprise. To determine the main types of non-metallic inclusions created in E76F rail steels, we have performed fractional gas analysis of the samples taken in various process steps. It w

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Pisarev, S., A. Bogdanov, V. Arisova, and V. Kharlamov. "STUDY ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DOPING OF POWDER COMPOSITIONS FROM TUNGSTEN AND NICKEL BORIDE OBTAINED BY EXPLOSIVE PRESSING." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 2(237) (February 20, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-2-237-28-32.

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The chemical composition of the phases obtained by explosive pressing in steel ampoules of tungsten boron and nickel powder compositions before and after heat treatment was studied. It has been established that it is possible by means of heat treatment at 1200 С to alloy with the material of the ampoule from austenitic steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti powder composition pressed by explosion, containing 50% tungsten boride.

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PERTEK-OWSIANNA, Aleksandra. "THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF IRON ALLOYS WITH VARIOUS CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AFTER DIFFUSIONAL BORONIZING." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5905.

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The purpose of the paper was to test how the content of carbon and alloying elements in steels influence the structure and properties of boronized layers. The following grades of steels were used during the tests: C45, C99U, 41Cr4, 42CrMo4, 45SG, 50HS, 60G, and 102Cr6. In the process of boronizing, the two-phase layer of borides of FeB and Fe2B were obtained on the tested steels with a hardness from 1900 HV0.1 for boride FeB to 1600 HV0.1 for Fe2B, irrespective of the chemical composition of the core/substrate. As the kontent of carbon and alloying elements in steels increase, the structure of

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Kudashov, D. V., А. V. Ioffe, V. V. Naumenko, A. V. Muntin, K. A. Udod, and S. V. Kovtunov. "Corrosion resistance of welded tubing of L80 strength group of different chemical composition." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 3 (2022): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-3-200-208.

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In previous publications, it was shown that the use of low-carbon steels with bainite hardenability alloyed with chromium, molybdenum and other carbonitride-forming elements is promising for the production of cold-resistant and SCC (sulfide stress corrosion cracking)-resistant electricwelded tubing (tubing). Tubing is often operated in CO2-containing corrosive environments, therefore, determining the steel resistance to this type of corrosion is an urgent task. It is known that the addition of chromium to steel increases not only its hardenability, but also its resistance to CO2 corrosion. Inf

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Bakhracheva, Yulia. "Prediction of Fracture Toughness of Steels According to the Microstructure and Chemical Composition." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.353.

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The influence of microstructure parameters and chemical composition on the fracture toughness of steel is investigated. It is shown that the crack resistance of steel can not be reliably estimated only by a single parameter of the microstructure or only by chemical composition. A generalized parameter of microstructure and chemical composition, which correlates well with crack resistance, is proposed.

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