Journal articles: 'Child development (childhood and adolescence)'

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Brumariu, Laura E., Margaret Tresch Owen, Nazly Dyer, and Karlen Lyons-Ruth. "Developmental Pathways to BPD-Related Features in Adolescence: Infancy to Age 15." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, Supplement B (September 2020): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2020_34_480.

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The self-damaging behaviors central to borderline personality disorder (BPD) become prominent in adolescence. Current developmental theories cite both early family processes and childhood dysregulation as contributors to BPD, but longitudinal data from infancy are rare. Using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development database (SECCYD; N = 1,364), we examined path models to evaluate parent and child contributors from infancy/preschool, middle childhood, and adolescence to adolescent BPD-related features. In addition, person-centered latent class analyses (LCA) investigated whether adolescent BPD-related features were more strongly predicted by particular patterns of maladaptive parenting. Path modeling identified unique influences of maternal insensitivity and maternal depression on BPD-related features, first, through social-emotional dysregulation in middle childhood, and second, through continuity from infancy in maternal insensitivity and depression. LCA results indicated that early withdrawn parenting was particularly predictive of BPD-related features in adolescence. Results suggest multiple points of intervention to alter pathways toward adolescent borderline psychopathology.

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Bradette-Laplante, Maude, Yohann Courtemanche, Mireille Desrochers-Couture, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Richard E. Bélanger, Pierre Ayotte, Joseph L. Jacobson, Sandra W. Jacobson, and Gina Muckle. "Food insecurity and psychological distress in Inuit adolescents of Nunavik." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 14 (May 27, 2020): 2615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020000117.

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AbstractObjective:The present study aims at measuring the association between household food insecurity and psychological distress in adolescents in Inuit communities, concurrently and overtime from childhood to adolescence.Design:The study used measures of internalising behaviours (anxiety, withdrawn attitude, somatic complaints and depression) as indicators of psychological distress during adolescence, a concurrent measure of household food insecurity in adolescence and an assessment of longitudinal patterns of household food insecurity from childhood to adolescence. We collected descriptive information at birth, childhood and adolescence on potential confounders.Setting:Inuit communities of Nunavik in northern Quebec, CanadaParticipants:The study consisted of 212 participants from the Nunavik Child Development Study, who have been assessed at birth, childhood (mean age = 11 years, range = 9–13 years) and adolescence (mean age = 18 years, range = 16–21 years).Results:Concurrent severe household food insecurity in adolescence was associated with higher measures of psychological distress: depression (βstd = 0·26, P < 0·01) and withdrawn attitude (βstd = 0·20, P = 0·04). Persistent household food insecurity (both at childhood and adolescence) was associated with higher levels of adolescent depression (βstd = 0·18, P = 0·02) and anxiety (βstd = 0·17, P = 0·03).Conclusions:Adolescents from Nunavik living with higher food insecurity and those having experienced food insecurity in both childhood and adolescence were more likely to report symptoms of psychological distress. Considering the high level of distress experienced by young Inuit, existing initiatives to reduce food insecurity in Nunavik communities should be targeted to include children and adolescents.

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Handley, Elizabeth D., Fred A. Rogosch, and Dante Cicchetti. "Developmental pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent marijuana dependence: Examining moderation by FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5)." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 4pt2 (November 2015): 1489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000899.

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AbstractThe current study examined the prospective association between child maltreatment and the development of substance use disorder in adolescence with the aim of investigating pathways underlying this relation, as well as genetic moderation of these developmental mechanisms. Specifically, we tested whether youth who experienced maltreatment prior to age 8 were at risk for the development of marijuana dependence in adolescence by way of a childhood externalizing pathway and a childhood internalizing pathway. Moreover, we tested whether variation in FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5) CATT haplotype moderated these pathways. The participants were 326 children (n=179 maltreated;n= 147 nonmaltreated) assessed across two waves of data collection (childhood: ages 7–9 and adolescence: ages 15–18). Results indicated that higher levels of child externalizing symptoms significantly mediated the effect of child maltreatment on adolescent marijuana dependence symptoms for individuals with one or two copies of theFKBP5CATT haplotype only. We did not find support for an internalizing pathway from child maltreatment to adolescent marijuana dependence, nor did we find evidence of moderation of the internalizing pathway byFKBP5haplotype variation. Findings extend previous research by demonstrating that whether a maltreated child will traverse an externalizing pathway toward substance use disorder in adolescence is dependent onFKBP5genetic variation.

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FRYE, RICHARD E., BENJAMIN MALMBERG, PAUL SWANK, KAREN SMITH, and SUSAN LANDRY. "Preterm birth and maternal responsiveness during childhood are associated with brain morphology in adolescence." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, no. 5 (July 8, 2010): 784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710000585.

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AbstractAlthough supportive parenting has been shown to have positive effects on development, the neurobiological basis of supportive parenting has not been investigated. Thirty-three adolescents were systemically selected from a longitudinal study on child development based on maternal responsiveness during childhood, a measure of supportive parenting, and whether they were born term or preterm. We analyzed the effect of preterm birth on hemispheric and regional (frontal, temporal, parietal) cortical thickness and surface area using mixed-model analysis while also considering the effect of brain hemisphere (left vs. right). We then determined whether these factors were moderated by maternal responsiveness during childhood. Preterm birth was associated with regional and hemispheric differences in cortical thickness and surface area. Maternal responsiveness during childhood moderated hemispheric cortical thickness. Adolescence with mothers that were inconsistently responsive during childhood demonstrated greater overall cortical thickness and greater asymmetry in cortical thickness during adolescence as compared to adolescence with mothers who were consistently responsive or unresponsive during childhood. Maternal responsiveness and preterm birth did not interact. These data suggest that changes in brain morphology associated with preterm birth continue into adolescence and support the notion that the style of maternal-child interactions during childhood influence brain development into adolescence. (JINS, 2010, 16, 784–794.)

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Savin-Williams, Ritch C., and Kenneth M. Cohen. "Homoerotic development during childhood and adolescence." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 13, no. 3 (July 2004): 529–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2004.02.005.

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Bureau, Jean-François, M. Ann Easterbrooks, and Karlen Lyons-Ruth. "Maternal depressive symptoms in infancy: Unique contribution to children's depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence?" Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000285.

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AbstractThis prospective 20-year study assessed associations between maternal depressive symptoms in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and child and adolescent depressive symptoms in a sample of families at high psychosocial risk. Maternal symptomatology was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) when children were infants (12 months), school-aged (age 8), and adolescents (age 19). Children's depressive symptoms were measured at age 8 (Dimensions of Depression Profile for Children and Adolescents) and age 19 (CES-D). Maternal depressive symptoms during infancy contributed to the prediction of child depressive symptoms at age 8, after controlling for concurrent maternal depressive symptoms, clinical risk in infancy, and gender. Clinical risk in infancy marginally contributed to the prediction model. Disorganization of attachment in infancy and maternal hostility were independent predictors of depressive symptoms at age 8 and did not mediate the relation between maternal and child depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms in adolescence were predicted by gender, children's depressive symptoms at age 8, maternal depressive symptoms in adolescence, and maternal depressive symptoms in infancy. There was no moderating effect of gender. Adding to previous evidence on the importance of early maternal depression, maternal depressive symptoms during infancy were related to the development of depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence even when other variables of potential relevance were controlled.

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Duprey, Erinn Bernstein, Assaf Oshri, and Sihong Liu. "Developmental pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent suicide-related behaviors: The internalizing and externalizing comorbidity hypothesis." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000919.

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AbstractChild maltreatment is a robust risk factor for suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence. Elevations in internalizing and externalizing symptomology have been identified as two distinct developmental pathways linking child maltreatment and adolescent risk for suicide. However, recent research suggests that the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing symptomology may form a distinct etiological pathway for adolescent risk behaviors. Using the Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) sample (N = 1,314), the present study employed a person-centered approach to identify patterns of concurrent change in internalizing and externalizing psychopathology over five time points from early childhood to adolescence in relation to previous experiences of child maltreatment and subsequent suicidal ideation and behaviors. Results indicated four distinct bivariate externalizing and internalizing growth trajectories. Group membership in a heightened comorbid internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectory mediated the association between childhood abuse and adolescent suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. These findings suggest that the concurrent development of externalizing and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence may constitute a unique developmental trajectory that confers risk for suicide-related outcomes.

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Reid, John B., and Gerald R. Patterson. "The development of antisocial behaviour patterns in childhood and adolescence." European Journal of Personality 3, no. 2 (June 1989): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410030205.

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A developmental model of antisocial behaviour is presented in this paper. Arguments and evidence are presented for the position that although many factors such as parent criminality, social and economic disadvantage, child temperament, and marital discord systematically affect the development of antisocial child behaviour, their influence is mediated by the extent to which they disrupt day‐to‐day parenting practices. Particularly, it is argued that irritable, ineffective discipline and poor parental monitoring are the most proximal determinants of the early development and maintenance of antisocial behaviour. The implications of this model for prevention and intervention in child conduct problems are discussed, using examples of promising clinical work that focuses on direct parent training.

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Sitnick, Stephanie L., Daniel S. Shaw, and Luke W. Hyde. "Precursors of adolescent substance use from early childhood and early adolescence: Testing a developmental cascade model." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 1 (September 13, 2013): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000539.

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AbstractThis study examined developmentally salient risk and protective factors of adolescent substance use assessed during early childhood and early adolescence using a sample of 310 low-income boys. Child problem behavior and proximal family risk and protective factors (i.e., parenting and maternal depression) during early childhood, as well as child and family factors and peer deviant behavior during adolescence, were explored as potential precursors to later substance use during adolescence using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that early childhood risk and protective factors (i.e., child externalizing problems, mothers' depressive symptomatology, and nurturant parenting) were indirectly related to substance use at the age of 17 via risk and protective factors during early and middle adolescence (i.e., parental knowledge and externalizing problems). The implications of these findings for early prevention and intervention are discussed.

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Beltz, Adriene M., Robin P. Corley, Sally J. Wadsworth, Lisabeth F. DiLalla, and Sheri A. Berenbaum. "Does puberty affect the development of behavior problems as a mediator, moderator, or unique predictor?" Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 1473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941900141x.

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AbstractPubertal timing matters for psychological development. Early maturation in girls is linked to risk for depression and externalizing problems in adolescence and possibly adulthood, and early and late maturation in boys are linked to depression. It is unclear whether pubertal timing uniquely predicts problems; it might instead mediate the continuity of behavior problems from childhood to adolescence or create psychological risk specifically in youth with existing problems, thus moderating the link. We investigated these issues in 534 girls and 550 boys, measuring pubertal timing by a logistic model fit to annual self-report measures of development and, in girls, age at menarche. Prepuberty internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were reported by parents. Adolescent behavior problems were reported by parents and youth. As expected, behavior problems were moderately stable. Pubertal timing was not predicted by childhood problems, so it did not mediate the continuity of behavior problems from childhood to adolescence. Pubertal timing did not moderate links between early and later problems for girls. For boys, early maturation accentuated the link between childhood problems and adolescent substance use. Overall, the replicated links between puberty and behavior problems appear to reflect the unique effects of puberty and child behavior problems on the development of adolescent behavior problems.

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Islam, Umna A., Kristie L. Poole, Louis A. Schmidt, Jennifer Ford, Saroj Saigal, and Ryan J. Van Lieshout. "Childhood language skills and adolescent self-esteem in preterm survivors." Journal of Child Health Care 22, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493517739158.

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Fifty-seven percent of children with poor language skills are affected by socio-emotional problems. Despite the importance of language skills to interpersonal functioning and school performance, relatively little is known about how they affect self-esteem in adolescence. Data on youth at high risk for language problems (e.g. those born extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 grams)) are even more scarce. This prospective study examined associations between language skills at age 8 and self-esteem during adolescence (12–16 years) in individuals born at ELBW ( N = 138) or normal birth weight (NBW; >2500 grams) ( N = 111). Participants’ language skills were assessed using the Verbal Scale of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and the Token Test at age 8. In adolescence, participants completed the Harter Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Birth weight status was found to moderate associations between childhood language and adolescent global self-esteem (Token Test ( p = .006), Verbal Intelligence Quotient ( p = .033)) such that better language skills were associated with higher self-esteem in adolescent ELBW survivors, but not in NBW participants. Language skills may play a protective role in the development and maintenance of self-esteem in ELBW youth and could be an important target for optimizing their functioning, particularly before transitioning to the critical adolescent period.

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Merrick, Joav. "Founding Editorial — Child Health and Human Development." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.21.

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The period of life called childhood is of worldwide interest, and is nicely illustrated by numerous stories about childrens life around the globe in a recent series of books published by John Wiley & Sons as part of the Open University course on “Childhood”[1,2]. Adolescence and later adulthood are also important parts of the human development that shape us and our future generations. In addition to genetics, the conditions and environment during our first few years of life will have a binding impact on the development taking place years ahead concerning our achievements in life, our accomplishments, and our health.

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Rogosch, Fred A., Assaf Oshri, and Dante Cicchetti. "From child maltreatment to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence: A developmental cascade model." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 883–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000520.

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AbstractA developmental cascade model tested associations among child maltreatment, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, social competence, and cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms in a longitudinal cohort (N= 415). Nested structural equation models evaluated continuity and cross-domain influences among broad multi-informant constructs across four developmental periods: age 7 to 9, 10 to 12, 13 to 15, and 15 to 18. Results indicated significant paths from child maltreatment to early externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence, as well as to cannabis abuse and dependence (CAD) symptoms in adolescence. Youth CAD symptoms were primarily related directly to child maltreatment and externalizing problems. Childhood internalizing symptoms contributed to later childhood decreases in social competence, which predicted increases in late adolescent externalizing problems. Using a developmental psychopathology framework, results are discussed in relation to cascade and transactional effects and the interplay between problem behaviors during childhood and development of CAD symptoms during early and late adolescence.

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Flouri, Eirini, Emily Midouhas, and Marta Francesconi. "Neighbourhood deprivation and child behaviour across childhood and adolescence." Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175795919x15722477076216.

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Children living in deprived areas tend to show greater problem behaviour relative to children in more advantaged areas. We explored the effect of different forms of area deprivation (such as income, education and health) on the development of child problem behaviour (emotional and behavioural problems) from early childhood to middle adolescence. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, we modelled trajectories of child problem behaviour depending on the level of deprivation in the neighbourhood, across ages 3 to 14 years, in England (n = 6,127). We explored seven types of social, economic and environmental deprivation in small standard areas, using the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Child problem behaviour was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Most types of deprivation were moderately predictive of child problem behaviour at around age eight (where we set the intercept), when explored in separate models, even after adjustments to reduce area selection bias. However, they were not related to longitudinal changes in problem behaviour. Socio-economic aspects of area deprivation – education, income and employment – were most consistently related to child problem behaviour – and were robust to adjustments for other domains of area deprivation including crime and living environment.

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Crespi, Bernard. "The evolutionary biology of child health." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1711 (February 2, 2011): 1441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2627.

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I apply evolutionary perspectives and conceptual tools to analyse central issues underlying child health, with emphases on the roles of human-specific adaptations and genomic conflicts in physical growth and development. Evidence from comparative primatology, anthropology, physiology and human disorders indicates that child health risks have evolved in the context of evolutionary changes, along the human lineage, affecting the timing, growth-differentiation phenotypes and adaptive significance of prenatal stages, infancy, childhood, juvenility and adolescence. The most striking evolutionary changes in humans are earlier weaning and prolonged subsequent pre-adult stages, which have structured and potentiated maladaptations related to growth and development. Data from human genetic and epigenetic studies, and mouse models, indicate that growth, development and behaviour during pre-adult stages are mediated to a notable degree by effects from genomic conflicts and imprinted genes. The incidence of cancer, the primary cause of non-infectious childhood mortality, mirrors child growth rates from birth to adolescence, with paediatric cancer development impacted by imprinted genes that control aspects of growth. Understanding the adaptive significance of child growth and development phenotypes, in the context of human-evolutionary changes and genomic conflicts, provides novel insights into the causes of disease in childhood.

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Deutz, Marike H. F., Helen G. M. Vossen, Amaranta D. De Haan, Maja Deković, Anneloes L. Van Baar, and Peter Prinzie. "Normative development of the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile from early childhood to adolescence: Associations with personality pathology." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000955.

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AbstractThe Dysregulation Profile (DP) is a broad indicator of concurrent affective, behavioral, and cognitive dysregulation, often measured with the anxious/depressed, aggressive behavior, and attention problems syndrome scales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Despite an expanding body of research on the DP, knowledge of the normative developmental course of the DP from early childhood to adolescence is lacking. Furthermore, although we know that the DP longitudinally predicts personality pathology, no research yet has examined whether next to the DP in early childhood, the rate of change of the DP across development predicts personality pathology. Therefore, using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling in a population-based sample (N = 668), we examined the normative developmental course of mother-reported DP from ages 4 to 17 years and its associations with a wide range of adolescent-reported personality pathology dimensions 3 years later. The results showed that the DP follows a nonlinear developmental course with a peak in early adolescence. The initial level of the DP at age 4 and, to a lesser extent, the rate of change in the DP predicted a range of personality pathology dimensions in late adolescence. The findings suggest that the DP is a broad developmental precursor of personality pathology in late adolescence.

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St Clair, Michelle C., Tim Croudace, Valerie J. Dunn, Peter B. Jones, Joe Herbert, and Ian M. Goodyer. "Childhood adversity subtypes and depressive symptoms in early and late adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 3 (July 24, 2014): 885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000625.

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AbstractWithin a longitudinal study of 1,005 adolescents, we investigated how exposure to childhood psychosocial adversities was associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms between 14 and 17 years of age. The cohort was classified into four empirically determined adversity subtypes for two age periods in childhood (0–5 and 6–11 years). One subtype reflects normative/optimal family environments (n = 692, 69%), while the other three subtypes reflect differential suboptimal family environments (aberrant parenting: n = 71, 7%; discordant: n = 185, 18%; and hazardous: n = 57, 6%). Parent-rated child temperament at 14 years and adolescent self-reported recent negative life events in early and late adolescence were included in models implementing path analysis. There were gender-differentiated associations between childhood adversity subtypes and adolescent depressive symptoms. The discordant and hazardous subtypes were associated with elevated depressive symptoms in both genders but the aberrant parenting subtype only so in girls. Across adolescence the associations between early childhood adversity and depressive symptoms diminished for boys but remained for girls. Emotional temperament was also associated with depressive symptoms in both genders, while proximal negative life events related to depressive symptoms in girls only. There may be neurodevelopmental factors that emerge in adolescence that reduce depressogenic symptoms in boys but increase such formation in girls.

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Peled, Y., T. Gilat, E. Liberman, and Y. Bujanover. "The Development of Methane Production in Childhood and Adolescence." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, no. 4 (August 1985): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-198508000-00013.

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Sravanti, Lakshmi, and Satish Chandra Girimaji. "Sex, Sexuality and Gender-Related Issues in Child Psychiatric Practice: A Review." Journal of Psychosexual Health 1, no. 3-4 (July 2019): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631831819890773.

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In child and adolescent psychiatric practice, it is important for a clinician to be aware of contexts in which children are brought with concerns related to sexual behaviors. Johnson described a continuum of natural and healthy behaviors to sexually aggressive behaviors. Sexual development begins in fetal life and continues through infancy, childhood, and adolescence along characteristic pathways. Typically, developing children exhibit a wide range of sexual behaviors. Children and adolescents may display increased or deviant sexual behavior as a result of certain stressors, traumatic experiences, or psychiatric illnesses. This has been emerging as an important clinical issue over the past few years. It is important to distinguish between normal behaviors and disordered behaviors before planning any intervention. This article summarizes the sexuality- and gender-related issues that are encountered in child and adolescent psychiatric practice.

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Et. al., Revathy M,. "Portrait of Adolescence in the Novels of Ruskin Bond." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1133.

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Indian English Novel has occupied a significant place at worldwide level. Many well-known writers present the Indian life style and voiced for the social issues in their novels. Ruskin Bond is one among the very few writers who has contributed to the development of children and youngsters. Bond’s literary world depicts the adolescents of real life. Bond portrays the journey of innocence to experience in his novels. Bond started writing his first novel when he was an adolescent. The autobiographical part in Bond’s novels realistically expresses the growth of an individual from childhood to adolescence. Rather than external factors, Bond puts effort to bring out the mind-set of the adolescents. His lead characters in the novels are in adolescence phase. The novels of Bond has two layers, one which explores everyday life and the other which actually reveals the human psyche. The present paper focuses on the representation of adolescents in the novels of Ruskin Bond. It introspects the characteristics of the adolescent in light of child psychology.

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Negriff, Sonya, Elana B. Gordis, Elizabeth J. Susman, Kihyun Kim, Melissa K. Peckins, Janet U. Schneiderman, and Ferol E. Mennen. "The Young Adolescent Project: A longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 1440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001391.

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AbstractThe Young Adolescent Project (YAP) is an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the effects of abuse and neglect on adolescent development. It is a multidisciplinary study guided by a developmental, ecological perspective, and designed to consider the physical, social, and psychological effects of childhood maltreatment through the transition from childhood to adolescence. Four waves of data collection have been completed, ranging from early (Mean age = 10.95) to late adolescence (Mean age = 18.24). Members of the maltreated group (n = 303) were selected from new cases that had been opened by the Department of Child and Family Services, whereas the comparison group (n = 151) were not involved with child welfare but lived in the same neighborhoods as the maltreated group. The study assessed a wide variety of domains including physical development (e.g., height, weight, body mass, pubertal development); physiological reactivity (e.g., cortisol); cognitive abilities; mental health (e.g., symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and aggression); risk behavior (e.g., sexual activity, delinquency, or substance use); social development (e.g., self-esteem, competence, and social support); family environment; and exposure to community violence. Overall, our findings demonstrated the pervasive and persistent adverse effects of child maltreatment both within and across domains, but they also identified maltreated youth with positive functioning. Our hope is that this work will help move us toward identifying targets for intervention to cultivate resilience and positive adaptation after early maltreatment experiences.

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Armstrong, Neil, and Joanne R. Welsman. "Development of Aerobic Fitness during Childhood and Adolescence." Pediatric Exercise Science 12, no. 2 (May 2000): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.12.2.128.

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Over 60 years ago, Robinson published the first investigation of boys’ aerobic fitness; almost 50 years ago, Åstrand conducted his pioneering studies of both sexes. Twenty four percent of the papers published during the first 10 years of Pediatric Exercise Science (1989-98) involved the determination of peak V̇O2. Yet, the interpretation of aerobic fitness during childhood and adolescence is still shrouded with controversy. In this paper we review peak V̇O2 in relation to age, growth, maturation, and sex. We describe the increase in peak V̇O2 with age, challenge the traditional interpretation of peak V̇O2 during growth, demonstrate the independent contribution of maturation to peak V̇O2, and address the progressive divergence of boys’ and girls’ peak V̇O2, during childhood and adolescence.

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Smollar, Jacqueline, and James Youniss. "Transformations in Adolescents' Perceptions of Parents." International Journal of Behavioral Development 12, no. 1 (March 1989): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200104.

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In this article, the connections between adolescents' perceptions of their relationships with parents and the concept of individuation are explored. Individuation is discussed with respect to its relevance for understanding the transformations that occur in parent-child relationships as the child moves through adolescence toward adulthood. It is proposed that individuation is a necessary process in the transition from childhood to adulthood since it allows the child to develop a self-identity that is separate from that of parents while at the same time to remain connected to parents as important sources of advice and psychological support. Some data are provided suggesting that the separation and connectedness that characterise the process of individuation are the product of a transformation in adolescents' perceptions of parents in which parents, who are seen in childhood as "allknowing" and "all powerful" beings are first de-idealised and then come to be appreciated as persons themselves. Finally, the value of the concept of individuation for understanding adolescence is proposed to lie in its focus on the child in the context of relationship with others rather than as a separate entity. This focus is seen as providing a basis for attending to the social context in the study of adolescence.

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Ridao, Pilar, Isabel López-Verdugo, and Carmen Reina-Flores. "Parental Beliefs about Childhood and Adolescence from a Longitudinal Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041760.

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Research into family context as a socializing agent points to the need to take parental beliefs into account due to the role they play in both parenting strategies and, ultimately, in the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. The present study aims to explore possible relationships between parental beliefs about childhood and adolescence from a longitudinal and qualitative perspective. The beliefs held by parents of teenagers about adolescence are compared with those they hold about childhood at that same moment, and the evolution of these ideas is charted over the course of 16 years as their children grow. A total of 102 parents participated in the longitudinal study. They completed two types of semi-structured interviews: one of them throughout the entire study period and the other once their children became teenagers. The results reveal an association between the type of beliefs parents hold about childhood and their perception of adolescence, and they indicate that these ideas change over time as more adjusted and modern beliefs about child development correlate with a more positive perception of adolescence. These results are interpreted from the perspective of their influence on beliefs about parenting styles, reflecting what is reported in the recent literature regarding the most successful styles for fostering children’s and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment.

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Истратова, Оксана, Oksana Istratova, Елена Голубева, and Elena Golubeva. "Prerequisites of Deformations of the Personal Resource Under the Conditions of Family Disadvantages." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ba38b4057b782.53585331.

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The research was supported by RFBR (project No. 18-013-00029 A). The article discusses the actual problem of modern society – the problem youth's personal resource deformation. The gradual formation of a personal resource over the course of age development is noted. The preconditions for a personal resource in early, preschool, junior school, adolescence and adolescence are singled out. The main manifestations of the family crisis as a factor causing the emergence of deformations of the personal resource in childhood and adolescence are singled out. The phenomenon of family trouble is considered in its entirety, (in its open and hidden forms), including, in particular, both open and hidden social orphanhood. The specifics of the development of the "Image of Self", the emotional and motivational spheres of children and adolescents in situations of family troubles of various types are revealed. The dynamics of age indices of personal development during the transition from childhood to adolescence in the situation of family unhappiness has been studied. It has been established that the unfavorable family climate (emotional rejection of the child), which can cause distortions in the emotional sphere, the "Image of Self", communication with peers, is the key factor of deformation of the personal resource in childhood and adolescence. The main mechanism for the formation of deformations is the frustration of the child's basic need for acceptance and recognition.

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Himaz, R. "Impact of Parental Death in Middle Childhood and Adolescence on Child Outcomes." Journal of African Economies 22, no. 3 (February 20, 2013): 463–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt001.

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Taylor, Catherine Louise, Stephen R. Zubrick, and Daniel Christensen. "Multiple risk exposures for reading achievement in childhood and adolescence." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 5 (February 13, 2019): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211323.

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BackgroundLiteracy is championed as a pathway out of poverty, yet it is vulnerable to the risk circumstances it seeks to mitigate. This study explored the developmental circumstances that gave rise to stark inequalities in reading achievement in Australian children across 6 years of school.MethodsWe used data from Growing up in Australia: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children linked to Australia’s National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy across school years 3, 5, 7 and 9. Latent class analysis and growth curve modelling (n=4983) were used to identify risk profiles for reading achievement for children (ages 8.2–15.2).ResultsFour distinct profiles were identified: developmentally enabled profile (62% of children); sociodemographic risk profile (25% of children); child development risk profile (11% of children); and sociodemographic and child development (double disadvantage) risk profile (2% of children). Children with a developmentally enabled profile achieved the expected rate of growth of 1.0 year per year of school across years 3, 5, 7 and 9. By comparison, children with sociodemographic and/or child development risk profiles started behind their developmentally enabled peers, and lost ground over time.DiscussionAcross 6 years of school, multiple risk-exposed children lagged behind low risk-exposed children in the order of years of lost gains in reading achievement. The results point to the complex contexts of educational disadvantage and the need for cross-cutting social, health and education policies and coordinated multiagency intervention efforts to break the cycle of educational disadvantage.

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Soole, Rebecca, Kairi Kõlves, and Diego De Leo. "Factors Related to Childhood Suicides." Crisis 35, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000267.

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Background: Suicide among children under the age of 15 years is a leading cause of death. Aims: The aim of the current study is to identify demographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors associated with child suicides. Method: Using external causes of deaths recorded in the Queensland Child Death Register, a case-control study design was applied. Cases were suicides of children (10–14 years) and adolescents (15–17 years); controls were other external causes of death in the same age band. Results: Between 2004 and 2012, 149 suicides were recorded: 34 of children aged 10–14 years and 115 of adolescents aged 15–17 years. The gender asymmetry was less evident in child suicides and suicides were significantly more prevalent in indigenous children. Children residing in remote areas were significantly more likely to die by suicide than other external causes compared with children in metropolitan areas. Types of precipitating events differed between children and adolescents, with children more likely to experience family problems. Disorders usually diagnosed during infancy, childhood, and adolescence (e.g., ADHD) were significantly more common among children compared with adolescents who died by suicide. Conclusion: Psychosocial and environmental aspects of children, in addition to mental health and behavioral difficulties, are important in the understanding of suicide in this age group and in the development of targeted suicide prevention.

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Hein, Tyler C., Leigh G. Goetschius, Vonnie C. McLoyd, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara S. McLanahan, Colter Mitchell, Nestor L. Lopez-Duran, Luke W. Hyde, and Christopher S. Monk. "Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation are linked to adolescent threat and reward neural function." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa144.

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Abstract Background Childhood adversity is, unfortunately, highly prevalent and strongly associated with later psychopathology. Recent theories posit that two dimensions of early adversity, threat and deprivation, have distinct effects on brain development. The current study evaluated whether violence exposure (threat) and social deprivation (deprivation) were associated with adolescent amygdala and ventral striatum activation, respectively, in a prospective, well-sampled, longitudinal cohort using a pre-registered, open science approach. Methods One hundred and sixty-seven adolescents from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Prospective longitudinal data from ages 3, 5 and 9 years were used to create indices of childhood violence exposure and social deprivation. We evaluated whether these dimensions were associated with adolescent brain function in response to threatening and rewarding faces. Results Childhood violence exposure was associated with decreased amygdala habituation (i.e. more sustained activation) and activation to angry faces in adolescence, whereas childhood social deprivation was associated with decreased ventral striatum activation to happy faces in adolescence. These associations held when adjusting for the other dimension of adversity (e.g., adjusting for social deprivation when examining associations with violence exposure), the interaction of the two dimensions of adversity, gender, internalizing psychopathology, and current life stress. Conclusions Consistent with recent theories, different forms of early adversity were associated with region-specific differences in brain activation.

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Pashkovskiy, Vladimir E. "About permanent diagnostics in child psychiatry." Neurology Bulletin LIII, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb56989.

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The article analyzes the problem of diagnosis in child psychiatry. It is shown that errors in it are largely associated with the features of development at the early stages of ontogenesis. The need to take into account in the diagnostic process the theoretical positions of P.P. Blonsky, L.S. Vygotsky, D.B. Elkonin about crises in childhood and adolescence and V.V. Kovalev about the levels of neuropsychic response are discussed. The article shows that early developmental arrhythmia affects the diagnosis of such a pathology as autism spectrum disorder. It is emphasized that the typical childhood clinical diffuseness of the disorder is underestimated. It is argued that the heterochrony of development in childhood strongly requires a transition from noso-centered to risk-centered diagnostics.

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Foltran, Francesca, Dario Gregori, Laura Franchin, Elvira Verduci, and Marcello Giovannini. "Effect of alcohol consumption in prenatal life, childhood, and adolescence on child development." Nutrition Reviews 69, no. 11 (October 26, 2011): 642–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00417.x.

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Glowacz, Fabienne, Marie-Hélène Véronneau, Sylvie Boët, and Michel Born. "Finding the roots of adolescent aggressive behaviour." International Journal of Behavioral Development 37, no. 4 (May 22, 2013): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025413486418.

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Aggressive behaviours in adolescence often originate in early development. This study tested three longitudinal pathways starting in early childhood, in a sample of 325 Belgian participants (162 girls) assessed every 1 or 2 years from birth through age 14. Structural equation models supported the “mother early dissatisfaction” pathway toward adolescent aggression, but neither the “cognitive functioning” nor the “early aggressive behaviour” pathway gained clear support. Mother’s early dissatisfaction with her child was the starting point of a series of negative perceptions of the child, which predicted physical and social aggression in adolescence. Children’s cognitive functioning and early aggression level were weakly correlated with mother’s perceptions. This finding suggests that explaining normative development to parents may improve mothers’ perceptions of their early experience as a mother, of their child, and of their subsequent interactions, which may reduce their child’s future aggressive behaviours.

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Zajac, Kristyn, and Roger Kobak. "Caregiver unresolved loss and abuse and child behavior problems: Intergenerational effects in a high-risk sample." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940900011x.

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AbstractThis study examines the intergenerational effects of caregivers' unresolved loss and abuse on children's behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence in an economically disadvantaged sample. One hundred twenty-four caregivers completed the Adult Attachment Interbiew (AAI) and a lifetime trauma interview during the age 13 wave of the study. Child behavior problems were assessed at four time points (ages 6, 8, 10, and 13) with teacher-reported Child Behavior Checklist total problem scales. The children of insecure caregivers with unresolved loss showed a consistent pattern of increased behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence. Caregivers' AAI status accounted for more variance in child behavior problems than did an alternative model of caregiver psychopathology (depression and dissociation). The results extend the literature on the effects of caregiver unresolved states of mind beyond infancy to older children and adolescents.

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Marttila-Tornio, Kaisa, Heidi Ruotsalainen, Jouko Miettunen, Niko Männikkö, and Maria Kääriäinen. "Association Between Psychosocial Problems and Unhealthy Health Behavior Patterns Among Finnish Adolescents." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 51, no. 5 (February 12, 2020): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00967-w.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate how psychosocial problems in childhood and adolescence associate with an unhealthy health behavior pattern among adolescents in Northern Finland. The study population consisted of 4350 participants, drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study. Health behavior patterns were assessed in adolescence and psychosocial problems in childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations. Several psychosocial problems predicted greater likelihood of engaging in unhealthy health behavior pattern. Externalizing problems in childhood predicted greater likelihood of engaging in unhealthy behavior patterns for girls. For both genders, externalizing problems and inattention in adolescence were associated with unhealthy health behavior patterns. Boys and girls with externalizing problems both in childhood and adolescence had an increased risk of unhealthy patterns. Psychosocial problems contribute to unhealthy lifestyles and should therefore be acknowledged when designing and targeting health promotion strategies aimed at adolescents.

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Peters, Sabine, Barbara R. Braams, Maartje E. J. Raijmakers, P. Cédric M. P. Koolschijn, and Eveline A. Crone. "The Neural Coding of Feedback Learning across Child and Adolescent Development." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 1705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00594.

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The ability to learn from environmental cues is an important contributor to successful performance in a variety of settings, including school. Despite the progress in unraveling the neural correlates of cognitive control in childhood and adolescence, relatively little is known about how these brain regions contribute to learning. In this study, 268 participants aged 8–25 years performed a rule-learning task with performance feedback in a 3T MRI scanner. We examined the development of the frontoparietal network during feedback learning by exploring contributions of age and pubertal development. The pFC showed more activation following negative compared with positive feedback with increasing age. In contrast, our data suggested that the parietal cortex demonstrated a shift from sensitivity to positive feedback in young children to negative feedback in adolescents and adults. These findings were interpreted in terms of separable contributions of the frontoparietal network in childhood to more integrated functions in adulthood. Puberty (testosterone, estradiol, and self-report) did not explain additional variance in neural activation patterns above age, suggesting that development of the frontoparietal network occurs relatively independently from hormonal development. This study presents novel insights into the development of learning, moving beyond a simple frontoparietal immaturity hypothesis.

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Tuvblad, Catherine, Thalia C. Eley, and Paul Lichtenstein. "The development of antisocial behaviour from childhood to adolescence." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 14, no. 4 (July 2005): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-005-0458-7.

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Herrera, Veronica M., and Laura Ann McCloskey. "Sexual Abuse, Family Violence, and Female Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study." Violence and Victims 18, no. 3 (June 2003): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.3.319.

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The current study examines the effects of three forms of childhood victimization on self-reported delinquency and aggression in adolescent girls. These analyses are based on a longitudinal sample of 141 mother-daughter pairs participating in a study about marital violence and child development. When the children were school aged, mothers and children provided reports describing (a) child exposure to marital violence, (b) escalated physical abuse against the child, and (c) child sexual abuse. Children were followed up into adolescence and re-interviewed. Self-reports of delinquency (violent and nonviolent), running away, and violence against parents were collected. Results indicate that out of the three forms of victimization, child sexual abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of girls’ violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Girls with a history of physical abuse in childhood were most likely to assault their parents. Witnessing marital violence failed to contribute further to delinquency, beyond the adverse association with childhood sexual abuse. Findings highlight a unique avenue for delinquency in girls via childhood sexual exploitation.

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Klump, Kelly L., and S. Alexandra Burt. "The Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR): Genetic, Environmental and Neurobiological Influences on Behavior Across Development." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.6.971.

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AbstractThe primary aim of the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR) is to examine developmental differences in genetic, environmental, and neurobiological influences on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with disordered eating and antisocial behavior representing particular areas of interest. Twin participants span several developmental stages (i.e., childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood). Assessments include comprehensive, multiinformant measures of psychiatric and behavioral phenotypes, buccal swab and salivary DNA samples, assays of adolescent and adult steroid hormone levels (e.g., estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol), and videotaped parent–child interactions of child and adolescent twin families. To date, we have collected data on over 1000 twins, with additional data collections underway. This article provides an overview of the newly developed MSUTR and describes current and future research directions.

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Wong, Rosa S., Keith T. S. Tung, Nirmala Rao, Frederick K. W. Ho, Ko Ling Chan, King-Wa Fu, Winnie W. Y. Tso, et al. "A Longitudinal Study of the Relation between Childhood Activities and Psychosocial Adjustment in Early Adolescence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 5299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105299.

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Background: Although an increasing body of research shows that excessive screen time could impair brain development, whereas non-screen recreational activities can promote the development of adaptive emotion regulation and social skills, there is a lack of comparative research on this topic. Hence, this study examined whether and to what extent the frequency of early-life activities predicted later externalizing and internalizing problems. Methods: In 2012/13, we recruited Kindergarten 3 (K3) students from randomly selected kindergartens in two districts of Hong Kong and collected parent-report data on children’s screen activities and parent–child activities. In 2018/19, we re-surveyed the parents of 323 students (aged 11 to 13 years) with question items regarding their children’s externalizing and internalizing symptoms in early adolescence. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between childhood activities and psychosocial problems in early adolescence. Results: Early-life parent–child activities (β = −0.14, p = 0.012) and child-alone screen use duration (β = 0.15, p = 0.007) independently predicted externalizing problems in early adolescence. Their associations with video game exposure (β = 0.19, p = 0.004) and non-screen recreational parent–child activities (β = −0.14, p = 0.004) were particularly strong. Conclusions: Parent–child play time is important for healthy psychosocial development. More efforts should be directed to urge parents and caregivers to replace child-alone screen time with parent–child play time.

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Crouter, Ann C., Shawn D. Whiteman, Susan M. McHale, and D. Wayne Osgood. "Development of Gender Attitude Traditionality Across Middle Childhood and Adolescence." Child Development 78, no. 3 (May 2007): 911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01040.x.

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Betts, K. S., P. Baker, R. Alati, J. E. McIntosh, J. A. Macdonald, P. Letcher, and C. A. Olsson. "The natural history of internalizing behaviours from adolescence to emerging adulthood: findings from the Australian Temperament Project." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 13 (July 21, 2016): 2815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716001495.

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BackgroundThe aims of the study were to describe the patterning and persistence of anxiety and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood and to examine long-term developmental relationships with earlier patterns of internalizing behaviours in childhood.MethodWe used parallel processes latent growth curve modelling to build trajectories of internalizing from adolescence to adulthood, using seven waves of follow-ups (ages 11–27 years) from 1406 participants of the Australian Temperament Project. We then used latent factors to capture the stability of maternal reported child internalizing symptoms across three waves of early childhood follow-ups (ages 5, 7 and 9 years), and examined relationships among these patterns of symptoms across the three developmental periods, adjusting for gender and socio-economic status.ResultsWe observed strong continuity in depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. In contrast, adolescent anxiety was not persistent across the same period, nor was it related to later depressive symptoms. Anxiety was, however, related to non-specific stress in young adulthood, but only moderately so. Although childhood internalizing was related to adolescent and adult profiles, the associations were weak and indirect by adulthood, suggesting that other factors are important in the development of internalizing symptoms.ConclusionsOnce established, adolescent depressive symptoms are not only strongly persistent, but also have the potential to differentiate into anxiety in young adulthood. Relationships with childhood internalizing symptoms are weak, suggesting that early adolescence may be an important period for targeted intervention, but also that further research into the childhood origins of internalizing behaviours is needed.

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Slobodskaya, Helena R., and Olga A. Akhmetova. "Personality development and problem behavior in Russian children and adolescents." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 5 (June 10, 2010): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409352825.

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The aim of this study was to explore child and adolescent personality in the Russian culture, addressing gender and age differences, and to examine personality and family effects on children’s Internalizing and Externalizing problems. Parents of 1,640 Russian children aged 3—18 years completed the Inventory of Child Individual Differences measuring personality, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measuring problem behavior, and reported about family background. Girls scored higher than boys on the Conscientiousness domain and on the Intelligent and Considerate scales, but lower on Activity. In younger children, Extraversion was higher; in older children, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Shyness were higher; Distractibility was highest in early adolescence. The gender and age differences were small. Personality explained about 30% of variance in children’s Internalizing problems, and 50% in Externalizing problems; family factors contributed less than 4%. Internalizing Problems were linked to higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion; Externalizing Problems were linked to higher Extraversion, lower Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. For both types of problems, harsh parenting was a risk factor, while SES and family cohesion were associated with lower problem levels. Models linking personality with children’s problem behavior were similar in preschool, middle childhood, early and late adolescence.

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Zheng, Y., F. Rijsdijk, J. B. Pingault, R. J. McMahon, and J. B. Unger. "Developmental changes in genetic and environmental influences on Chinese child and adolescent anxiety and depression." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 9 (March 28, 2016): 1829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000313.

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BackgroundTwin and family studies using Western samples have established that child and adolescent anxiety and depression are under substantial genetic, modest shared environmental, and substantial non-shared environmental influences. Generalizability of these findings to non-Western societies remains largely unknown, particularly regarding the changes of genetic and environmental influences with age. The current study examined changes in genetic and environmental influences on self-reported anxiety and depression from late childhood to mid-adolescence among a Chinese twin sample. Sex differences were also examined.MethodSelf-reported anxiety and depression were collected from 712 10- to 12-year-old Chinese twins (mean = 10.88 years, 49% males) and again 3 years later. Quantitative genetic modeling was used to examine developmental changes in genetic and environmental influences on anxiety and depression, and sex differences.ResultsHeritability of anxiety and depression in late childhood (23 and 20%) decreased to negligible in mid-adolescence, while shared environmental influences increased (20 and 27% to 57 and 60%). Shared environmental factors explained most of the continuity of anxiety and depression (75 and 77%). Non-shared environmental factors were largely time-specific. No sex differences were observed.ConclusionsShared environmental influences might be more pronounced during the transition period of adolescence in non-Western societies such as China. Future research should examine similarities and differences in the genetic and environmental etiologies of child and adolescent internalizing and other psychopathology in development between Western and non-Western societies.

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Givens, Eugena M., and Joan A. Reid. "Developmental Trajectories of Physical Aggression and Nonaggressive Rule-Breaking During Late Childhood and Early Adolescence." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818803652.

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Research has consistently linked two forms of childhood antisocial behavior, physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking, to adolescent delinquency. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the development of problem behavior during the latter years of childhood and early adolescence (ages 6 to 14). The current study utilized longitudinal data that followed 756 at-risk males and females from early childhood into early adolescence to identify trajectories of physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking and the association between documented risk factors with class membership. The findings supported a four-class model for both physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking. Both models produced high, moderately high, average, and abstaining classes. However, the physical aggression models decreased as participants aged, while the nonaggressive rule-breaking classes increased. Family adversity, protective neighborhoods, negative child temperament, premature birth, race, and gender were associated with class membership. The study findings may inform targeted, problem-specific strategies aimed at early intervention.

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Shiner, Rebecca, and Avshalom Caspi. "Personality differences in childhood and adolescence: measurement, development, and consequences." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44, no. 1 (December 13, 2002): 2–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00101.

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Brady, Nancy C., Kandace Fleming, Shelley L. Bredin-Oja, Heather Fielding-Gebhardt, and Steven F. Warren. "Language Development From Early Childhood to Adolescence in Youths With Fragile X Syndrome." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00198.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate language growth in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) from early childhood to adolescence and the influence of maternal responsivity on language growth. Method We conducted a longitudinal analysis of language development in 55 youths (44 males, 11 females) with FXS. Data collection spanned the ages of 11–216 months. We measured expressive and receptive vocabulary with standardized tests. The number of different words and mean length of utterance were obtained from language sample analyses of mother–child interactions. We also measured maternal comments (responsivity indicator) produced during the language samples and child nonverbal IQ. Results Growth models indicated that rates of number of different words and receptive vocabulary were related to maternal commenting. Mean length of utterance did not change significantly over time. Expressive vocabulary measured with a standardized test grew, but the growth was not related to maternal commenting. Nonverbal IQ was related to all language outcomes at age of 10 years and to changes over time in vocabulary. Visual analysis indicated that the highest scores on standardized tests were produced by girls; however, measures derived from language sample analyses appeared similar for boys and girls. Language models for boys only were similar to the total sample models with lower scores at age of 10 years for some outcomes. Conclusion Results of persistent language impairments for most youths with FXS suggest the need for continued, focused interventions aimed at improved language productions in addition to a responsive environment. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13022825

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Furnham, Adrian, and Helen Cheng. "Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness." Journal of Individual Differences 37, no. 2 (April 2016): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000194.

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Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

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George, B. D., B. G. R. Neville, and J. S. P. Lumley. "TRANSCRANIAL REVASCULARISATION IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 35, no. 8 (November 12, 2008): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11712.x.

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Rapoport, Judith L., Xavier F. Castellanos, Nitin Gogate, Kristin Janson, Shawn Kohler, and Phillip Nelson. "Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 3 (June 2001): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00900.x.

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Objective: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain abnormalities of two conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. Method: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in ADHD and COS. These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. Results: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of brain abnormality for ADHD and COS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior inferior cerebellar vermal volume. These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, patients with COS have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in COS there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. Conclusions: In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive ‘lesion’ involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

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Tiberio, Stacey S., Deborah M. Capaldi, David C. R. Kerr, Maria Bertrand, Katherine C. Pears, and Lee Owen. "Parenting and the development of effortful control from early childhood to early adolescence: A transactional developmental model." Development and Psychopathology 28, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000341.

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AbstractPoor effortful control is a key temperamental factor underlying behavioral problems. The bidirectional association of child effortful control with both positive parenting and negative discipline was examined from ages approximately 3 to 13–14 years, involving five time points, and using data from parents and children in the Oregon Youth Study—Three Generational Study (N= 318 children from 150 families). Based on a dynamic developmental systems approach, it was hypothesized that there would be concurrent associations between parenting and child effortful control and bidirectional effects across time from each aspect of parenting to effortful control and from effortful control to each aspect of parenting. It was also hypothesized that associations would be more robust in early childhood, from ages 3 to 7 years, and would diminish as indicated by significantly weaker effects at the older ages, 11–12 to 13–14 years. Longitudinal feedback or mediated effects were also tested. The findings supported (a) stability in each construct over multiple developmental periods; (b) concurrent associations, which were significantly weaker at the older ages; (c) bidirectional effects, consistent with the interpretation that at younger ages children's effortful control influenced parenting, whereas at older child ages, parenting influenced effortful control; and (d) a transactional effect, such that maternal parenting in late childhood was a mechanism explaining children's development of effortful control from middle childhood to early adolescence.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Child development (childhood and adolescence)'

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