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Journal articles on the topic 'Chocolate industry – Germany – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Eversole, Robyn. "The Chocolates of Sucre: Stories of a Bolivian Industry." Enterprise & Society 3, no. 2 (2002): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700011654.

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Chocolate is a Sucre trademark, one of the few products that this Bolivian city regularly markets to other parts of the country. Despite Sucre's long history of chocolate production, however, the city's chocolate industry at the turn of the twenty-first century remains small, unable to export, and generally uncompetitive with products from neighboring countries. Yet Sucre's chocolate-making enterprises have not disappeared; they continue to produce on a small scale in the face of mass-produced, imported brands. In this article, the history of Sucre's chocolate industry is examined to shed ligh

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2

Montagna, Maria Teresa, Giusy Diella, Francesco Triggiano, et al. "Chocolate, “Food of the Gods”: History, Science, and Human Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (2019): 4960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244960.

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Chocolate is well known for its fine flavor, and its history began in ancient times, when the Maya considered chocolate (a cocoa drink prepared with hot water) the “Food of the Gods”. The food industry produces many different types of chocolate: in recent years, dark chocolate, in particular, has gained great popularity. Interest in chocolate has grown, owing to its physiological and potential health effects, such as regulation of blood pressure, insulin levels, vascular functions, oxidation processes, prebiotic effects, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. However, further translational

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Conceição, Naiara de Amorim Conceição, José Abel de Andrade Baptista, Marco Vinícius Correia dos Santos, and Rosana Aparecida Bueno de Novais. "Sustainable Chocolate." EnGeTec em revista 1, no. 5 (2024): 121–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12594112.

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Chocolate production is an important activity for the Brazilian market, so this article deals with the Brazilian cocoa and chocolate industry, emphasizing its position as the 7th largest global producer and the notable increase in chocolate exports, which reached US$ 142 million in 2022. The main focus is the analysis of the feasibility of sustainable export, exploring practices such as sustainable planting, agroforestry systems and the "Cabruca Cocoa" method. The research presents the history of cacao, highlighting its trajectory from pre-Columbian civilizations to the present day. Companies

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Sturny, Arno. "Raising the bar: a story of bean-to-bar chocolate production in New Zealand." Hospitality Insights 3, no. 2 (2019): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i2.62.

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Chocolate is considered one of the most gratifying confections there is, and this holds as true in New Zealand as elsewhere in the world. Evidence of this high interest in chocolate in New Zealand is demonstrated in the arrival of small artisanal bean-to-bar chocolate makers in the early 2000s; the voting of Whittaker’s as New Zealand’s single most trusted brand for eight years running (Reader’s Digest New Zealand’s Most Trusted Brand) [1]; the reporting on the economic, social and cultural impacts of the closure of the Cadbury chocolate factory in Dunedin [2]; and the opening of the fir

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Onyshchuk, Mykhaylo. "The book industry in Germany." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2021.6(299).18-26.

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The article analyzes book publishing, book distribution in Germany. Some features and tendencies of development of the German book industry in the modern period are covered. The article analyzes the geography of large publishing centers, shows German publishing houses that have their own history, traditions, market segment, publish books in the relevant field of knowledge, and finally have their own philosophy. Export markets of German books, problems of distribution of editions abroad are considered. Book market segments are highlighted. The role and place of e-book publishi

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Kvaal, Stig, and Per Østby. "Sweet danger – negotiating trust in the Norwegian chocolate industry 1930–1990." History and Technology 27, no. 1 (2011): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2011.548974.

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Rego, Joseph, Daylyn Niren, and Shilpa Hinduja. "The Paradox of Chocolate." Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 1, no. 2 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2008vol1no2art201.

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If any man has drunk a little too deeply from the cup of physical pleasure; if he has spent too much time at his desk that should have been spent asleep ; if his fine spirits have become temporarily dulled; if he finds the air too damp, the minutes too slow, and the atmosphere too heavy to withstand; if he is obsessed by a fixed idea which bars him from any freedom of thought: if he is any of these poor creatures, we say, let him be given a good pint of amber-flavoured chocolate and marvels will be performed” — Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1755–1826) Scientifically proven to be a mood elevator du

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8

Overy, R. J. "State and Industry in Germany in the Twentieth Century." German History 12, no. 2 (1994): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/12.2.180.

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Overy, R. J. "State and Industry in Germany in the Twentieth Century." German History 12, no. 2 (1994): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549401200203.

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10

Khodjakov, M. V. "Confectionery Production in Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1943." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 4 (2022): 812–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2022.401.

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The article based on archival materials analyses a problem that has not received comprehensive coverage in the historical literature. In Soviet times, it was considered the height of cynicism to talk about the confectionery factories during famine and mass mortality in besieged Leningrad. Later the authors often preferred to focus on the real and fictitious abuses by the Leningrad leaders, who allegedly enjoyed sweet life even under the blockade. The analysis of documents, many of which were previously inaccessible for researchers, indicates that candy and chocolate factories did not cease the

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11

Deeg, Richard. "Industry and Finance in Germany since Unification." German Politics and Society 28, no. 2 (2010): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2010.280208.

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Since German unification there have been dramatic and highly visible changes in the German financial system and relations between banks and firms in Germany. The traditional Hausbank system has weakened, as securities markets have become more important for both borrowers and savers. The demands of financial investors on how German firms manage themselves have—for better or worse—become increasingly influential in this time. In this article, I advance the thesis that bank-industry relations in Germany became increasingly differentiated, with one set of firms moving into an institutional environ

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12

Gutwein, Daniel. "Jewish financiers and industry, 1890–1914: england and Germany." Jewish History 8, no. 1-2 (1994): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01915913.

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13

Zbucka-Gargas, Marta, Cláudio Iannotti Da Rocha, Augusto Grieco Sant’Anna Meirinho, and Vanessa Rocha Ferreira. "Do you know the history of the chocolate you eat? The need for a special look at the cocoa production chain as a mechanism to combat slave labour." Studia Prawnicze KUL, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/sp.13516.

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The text whose main objective is to arouse in the reader the need to look at chocolate production differently as a strategy that can contribute to the elimination of slave labour. Therefore, it aims to answer the following research problem: How does the cocoa production chain contribute to the maintenance of this heinous practice and how to counteract it? It is a theoretical and normative study that, through qualitative, bibliographic and documentary research, uses a deductive method to achieve the proposed objective. First, the persistence of slavery in the workplace today is analysed. Then,

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Konig, Wolfgang. "Science-Based Industry or Industry-Based Science? Electrical Engineering in Germany before World War I." Technology and Culture 37, no. 1 (1996): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3107202.

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König, Wolfgang. "Science-Based Industry or Industry-Based Science? Electrical Engineering in Germany before World War I." Technology and Culture 37, no. 1 (1996): 70–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1996.0110.

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16

Stokes, Raymond G. "The Oil Industry in Nazi Germany, 1936–1945." Business History Review 59, no. 2 (1985): 254–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3114932.

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The oil industry in Nazi Germany provides an excellent focus for studying the interplay between economics, politics, and government policy in the Third Reich. In this article, Mr. Stokes brings to this subject a comparative approach, making comparisons both within the oil industry and with the industry's major industrial counterparts. He concludes that a variety of factors—including the degree of shared interest between individual firms and the government, the size and concentration of a firm's production facilities, and the political position of key firm personnel—explain the success as well

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Petre, Valentina Andreea, Nicoleta Vasilache, Anda-Gabriela Tenea, et al. "Environmental assessment of wastewater from food and beverage production in the Romanian urban water cycle." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2023): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2023.103.

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The food and beverage industries are considered essential sources of wastewater contaminated with pollutants discharged into the sewerage networks of cities. This study focused on monitoring the analytical parameters regulated in the environmental legislation in force in Romania for factories with various sectors of activity in the processing industry. The main objective is to understand the presence of conventional contaminants in the effluents from the food and alcoholic beverages industry and raise awareness of the effects of spillage in local networks. The study occurred over three years,

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Lao, Yi, and Linkun Zhou. "Analysis of the Medical Device Industry in German & US: Evidence from Medtronic and Siemens." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 35, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/35/20231771.

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With the increasing demand for medical care, the development and impact of the medical instrument industry receive widespread attention. This article analyzes the market, policies, and other relevant information of the medical instrument industry in the United States and Germany. In the 21st century, the United States has the world's largest medical device market and the most advanced medical device technology, and has a strict and efficient examination and approval agency led by the FDA. It is the country with the most development prospects and potential, and has given birth to several highly

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19

Richardson-Little, Ned. "Arms intervention: Weimar Germany, post-imperial influence and weapons trafficking in warlord China." Journal of Modern European History 19, no. 4 (2021): 510–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16118944211051858.

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The Treaty of Versailles aimed to strip Germany of both its colonial empire and the global reach of its arms industry. Yet the conflicts in warlord-era China led to the reestablishment of German influence on the other side of the world via the arms trade. Weimar Germany had declared a policy of neutrality and refused to take sides in the Chinese civil war in an effort to demonstrate that as a post-colonial power, it could now act as an honest broker. From below, however, traffickers based in Germany and German merchants in China worked to evade Versailles restrictions and an international arms

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Hachtmann, Rüdiger. "Fordism and Unfree Labour: Aspects of the Work Deployment of Concentration Camp Prisoners in German Industry between 1941 and 1944." International Review of Social History 55, no. 3 (2010): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000416.

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SummaryThis article examines the relationship between Fordism and unfree labour in Nazi Germany. Fordism is understood here as a form of workplace rationalization (especially assembly-line production), but also as a “technology of domination” and an “exploitation innovation”. In contrast to the Weimar Republic, Fordism was established in broad sectors of German industry under Nazi rule in the form of “war Fordism”. In order to examine the connections between the specific historical variants of these two apparently contradictory production regimes – Fordism and forced labour – the article focus

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De Vries, David. "Capitalist nationalism and Zionist state-building, 1920s-1950s: Chocolate and diamonds in Mandate Palestine and Israel." Journal of Modern European History 18, no. 1 (2019): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419894473.

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The nationalism of business is a crucial issue in the history of British-ruled Palestine (1917-1947) and post-1948 Israel. The importation of Jewish private capital into Palestine was a key factor in shaping the economic development of the Zionist settler project, and in creating an advantage over the Arab community. The Zionism of the Jewish firms was an essential aspect of the political consensus in the Jewish polity and its state-building aspirations. Moreover, the participation of companies in World War II, the war of 1948, and in the establishment of Israel was an essential resource that

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22

Wixforth, Harald. "Schiffsfinanzierung im Wandel – Finanzintermediäre und maritime Wirtschaft am Finanzplatz Hamburg vom Kaiserreich bis zum Ende der Weimarer Republik." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 64, no. 2 (2019): 217–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2018-0019.

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AbstractFor more than 30 years bank-industry relations have been one of the most important subjects of financial research and history. Despite all research we are still lacking results on this topic for several branches of German industry, e. g. shipbuilding and shipping. Therefore, the article tries to analyze the relations between financial institutions and some of the prominent enterprises of maritime industry in Hamburg – in the 19th and 20th century the most important financial center in Northern Germany as well as place for shipping and shipbuilding. Finally, the article compares the res

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23

Oertel, Simon, and Kirsten Thommes. "History as a Source of Competitive Advantages: The watchmaking industry in East Germany." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (2012): 13498. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.13498abstract.

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24

FISCHER, CONAN. "Scoundrels without a Fatherland? Heavy Industry and Transnationalism in Post-First World War Germany." Contemporary European History 14, no. 4 (2005): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777305002717.

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Germany's heavy industrial sector played a definitive role from 1870 onwards in the formation and subsequent shaping of the young German national polity. As such it has been identified with the aggressive, imperialistic tendencies that characterised so much of German history between 1870 and 1945. That said, industrial and national interests could diverge markedly, with heavy industry sometimes exhibiting a marked preference for transnational strategies, particularly during 1923 and 1924, when France and Belgium occupied Germany's industrial heartland – the Ruhr District. Resulting efforts to

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25

Raddato, Carole. "Following Hadrian." Studies in Late Antiquity 5, no. 4 (2021): 481–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2021.5.4.481.

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Carole Raddato was born in France in 1976, and now lives in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, where she freelances as a music charts analyst for the British music industry. She runs the history photo-blog, Following Hadrian (https://followinghadrian.com), which documents her travels in the emperor’s footsteps, and she regularly contributes to the online World History Encyclopedia and Ancient History Magazine.

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26

Berghoff, Hartmut. "Varieties of Financialization? Evidence from German Industry in the 1990s." Business History Review 90, no. 1 (2016): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680516000039.

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Following some general remarks on the impact of financialization on nonfinancial sectors of the economy, this article identifies common misconceptions about the German and American varieties of capitalism. It then outlines the post-1960 U.S. experience with financialization, including the reasons for the rise of financialization and its main consequences. The article will then look at Germany, a country with a very different entry point into the world of financialization, and ask when and to what degree the concept was adopted. Finally, a detailed case study of Siemens—one of Germany's largest

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Bauer, Reinhold. "A Specifically German Path to Mass Motorisation? Motorcycles in Germany between the World Wars." Journal of Transport History 34, no. 2 (2013): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.34.2.2.

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After rapid growth of its motorcycle industry since the early 1920s, in the 1930s Germany became the world's largest motorcycle producer and exporter. Furthermore, in 1933 Germany was the country with by far the highest motorcycle density in the world. The paper discusses the reasons for the role motorbikes played in the German path to mass motorisation in the interwar era. The central thesis is that specific economic and political conditions in Germany allowed motorcycles to become the dominant motorised form of individual transport in the period.

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Kritter, Sabine. "Exhibiting Work in Germany—From Industrial Labour to (Industrial) Culture*." German History 37, no. 3 (2019): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz044.

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Abstract History museums in old industrial regions are important agents in the current debate on how we perceive work in our society. One of their key issues is how work built the region and how it changed in the context of deindustrialization. The article explores the depictions of work in the Ruhr Museum, which is the central regional history museum of the foremost region of heavy industry in Germany. It shows that with few exceptions the representations of the past in this museum include only images of standardized male industrial work, mainly in the coal and steel industries. Furthermore,

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Spennemann, Dirk H. R. "QSL: Subliminal Messaging by the Nuclear Industry in Germany during the 1980s." Heritage 4, no. 3 (2021): 2054–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030117.

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During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the German nuclear power industry came under considerable socio-political pressure from the growing environmental and anti-nuclear movement. As part of a diversified public relations strategy, the Kraftwerk Union (KWU, later Siemens) as the main manufacturer of nuclear power plants distributed pre-printed QSL cards to amateur radio enthusiasts. These cards carried images of the latest nuclear power plants built by KWU. This paper examines the history, iconography and distribution of these QSL cards in the context of the heritage of the German nuclear powe

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Mckitrick, Frederick L. "An Unexpected Path to Modernisation: The Case of German Artisans during the Second World War." Contemporary European History 5, no. 3 (1996): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300003933.

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On 10 July 1950, at the celebrations marking the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Wiesbaden Chamber of Artisans (Handwerkskammer), its president Karl Schöppler announced: ‘Today industry is in no way the enemy of Handwerk. Handwerk is not the enemy of industry.…’ These words, which accurately reflected the predominant point of view of the post-war chamber membership, and certainly of its politically influential leadership, marked a new era in the social, economic and political history of German artisans and, it is not too much to say, in the history of class relations in (West) Germ

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TANIGUCHI, Soichi. "A Silent but Active Partner: EURATOM and The US-German Civil Nuclear Collaboration, 1958-1963." Journal of European Integration History 30, no. 2 (2024): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2024-2-339.

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This paper examines the history of civil nuclear cooperation between Germany and the United States from 1958 to 1963. Following its reestablishment as a sovereign state in 1955, Germany aimed to adopt nuclear technology from the US. However, this effort faced obstacles due to Germany's participation in EURATOM, which had protectionist policies driven by France. These policies imposed common tariffs on reactor parts, complicating their import from the US. In response, the German industry, supported by the government, succeeded in domestically producing American reactor components. Consequently,

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Dumiter, Florin, Florin Turcas, and Anca Opret. "German Tax System: Double Taxation Avoidance Conventions, Structure and Developments." Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 30 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2015-0006.

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Abstract This paper presents the fundamentals of the tax system in general, the basic elements of a tax system as well as the organization of the German tax system analysis, especially throughout the tax levy and how the taxation typology functions. This theme was chosen in order to expose the principles of German taxation system. With a tumultuous and troubled history, mainly caused by the two World Wars‟ destructions, the German state is considered the „economic locomotive” and a pillar of the European Union. Germany‟s economy is mainly driven by the automotive industry, chemical industry, t

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Carroll, Glenn R., Peter Preisendoerfer, Anand Swaminathan, and Gabriele Wiedenmayer. "Brewery and Brauerei: The Organizational Ecology of Brewing." Organization Studies 14, no. 2 (1993): 155–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069301400201.

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Germans and Americans differ in their beer drinking habits and customs. The organizational structures of their brewing industries also differ: Germany is notable for the highly fragmented nature of its industry, which contains many more breweries than the larger American industry. Yet the historical evolution of the two brewing industries is remarkably similar. In both Germany and the U.S., the number of breweries grew slowly for a long period, then expanded rapidly in the late 19th century, and finally declined severely for almost a century. Intrigued by this common pattern, we attempt to exp

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34

Lovett, A. W. "The United States and the Schuman Plan. a study in French diplomacy 1950–1952." Historical Journal 39, no. 2 (1996): 425–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00020318.

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ABSTRACTOn 9 May 1950, Robert Schuman, the French foreign minister, offered to pool the coal and steel resources of France with those of its European neighbours. The proposal was directed principally at Western Germany. After a year of negotiations six western European states agreed to form the European Coal and Steel Community, an organization rightly seen as the beginning of the European Union. However significant at the time and subsequently, this creation resulted from a series of political bargains familiar to any practitioner of traditional politics. France was determined to limit the co

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Jung, Yong Suk. "From industry protection to environmental protection: The history of the coal mining industry in Rhine-Ruhr, Germany, from an environmental perspective." Korean Society For German History 43 (February 28, 2020): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17995/kjgs.2020.2.43.43.

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Gumbert, Heather. "The Deutschland Series: Cold War Nostalgia for Transnational Audiences." Central European History 54, no. 2 (2021): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938921000480.

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How do you explain the Cold War to a generation who did not live through it? For Jörg and Anna Winger, co-creators and showrunners of the Deutschland series, you bring it to life on television. Part pop culture reference, part spy thriller, and part existential crisis, the Wingers’ Cold War is a fun, fast-paced story, “sunny and slick and full of twenty-something eye candy.” A coproduction of Germany's UFA Fiction and Sundance TV in the United States, the show premiered at the 2015 Berlinale before appearing on American and German television screens later that year. Especially popular in the U

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Blaney, M. "The Relationship between the Film Industry and Television in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1950 to 1985." German History 9, no. 1 (1991): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/9.1.69.

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Wang, Rui, and Yifen Yin. "Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Knowledge Management in Automotive Manufacturing within Different Cultures: China and Germany as Examples." European Conference on Knowledge Management 25, no. 1 (2024): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.25.1.2415.

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This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on knowledge management (KM) in the automotive manufacturing industry with a focus on different cultural contexts in China and Germany. The role of cultural factors on the effectiveness of AI in KM practices is explored by comparing automobile manufacturers in China and Germany. This study uses case studies to compare, and contrast leading automotive manufacturers in both countries and combines industry reports, papers journals, and other digital resources on the Internet to explore how the manufacturing industry can use AI technol

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Hau, Michael. "Sports in the Human Economy: “Leibesübungen,” Medicine, Psychology, and Performance Enhancement during the Weimar Republic." Central European History 41, no. 3 (2008): 381–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000563.

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In 1926, the President of the GermanReichCommittee for Physical Exercise (Deutscher Reichsausschuss für Leibesübungen, or DRAL) Theodor Lewald discussed the significance of sports for the German economy and national health in a presentation to the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce. Lewald deplored the physical state of the German population as a consequence of the lost war. Two million of the physically and mentally strongest German men had been killed, while millions of German men, women, and children were permanently physically weakened as a result of starvation during the war and the

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Torp, Cornelius. "The Pension Crisis and the ‘Demographic Time Bomb’: Perceptions and Misperceptions in Great Britain and Germany at the Turn of the Millennium." English Historical Review 136, no. 583 (2021): 1542–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceab355.

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Abstract At the turn of the millennium, Germany and the United Kingdom experienced the most severe crises of their pension systems since the Second World War. In both cases, politicians reacted with extensive reforms. The political debates in each country revolved around the notion that demographic ageing was at the root of the crises. Hence, the call for greater intergenerational equity became the key justification of fundamental pension-system reform. But a comparative historical analysis reveals that it is a vast oversimplification to blame the pension crises entirely on demographic ageing.

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Stokes, Raymond G. "Autarky, Ideology, and Technological Lag: The Case of the East German Chemical Industry, 1945–1964." Central European History 28, no. 1 (1995): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900011237.

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The ignominious and total collapse of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1989/90 revealed all too clearly the disastrous state of the country's economy, especially in comparison to the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). This fact must not, however, be seen in isolation from another, apparently contradictory one: From the beginning to the end of its existence, the GDR was the shining economic and technological star in the communist firmament in Eastern Europe. GDR electronics and optics were crucial to the Soviet space program and to East-bloc military production, which counted among commu

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Katzir, Shaul. "Hermann Aron's Electricity Meters: Physics and Invention in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 39, no. 4 (2009): 444–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.4.444.

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This paper examines how Hermann Aron, a well-trained physicist, exploited his multilayered knowledge of science for technological innovations, innovations upon which he built a successful industrial company with more than 1,000 employees. In his academic training, research, and teaching, Aron gained expertise in electromagnetic theory and experimentation, which he later put to use to invent a new electricity meter for the emerging electric power industry of the 1880s. While Aron employed established physical laws and data, particular methods and techniques were central to his development of te

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Hayes, Peter. "Carl Bosch and Carl Krauch: Chemistry and the Political Economy of Germany, 1925–1945." Journal of Economic History 47, no. 2 (1987): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700048117.

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Carl Bosch and Carl Krauch, accomplished scientists and prominent executives in the BASF and IG Farben chemical corporations, were drawn together by mutual admiration and common technical interests. In the Nazi era, however, they came to embody competing liberal and nationalist conceptions of German political economy. This article examines their relationship, the reasons for their divergent stances, and their individual contributions to the economic and productive power of the Third Reich. Ironically, Bosch's understanding of his industry, his nation, and scientific progress led him to oppose

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Gross, Stephen. "The German Economy and East-Central Europe: The Development of Intra-Industry Trade from Ostpolitik to the Present." German Politics and Society 31, no. 3 (2013): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310305.

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Over the past decade Germany has had one of the most successfuleconomies in the developed world. Despite the ongoing Euro crisis unemploymenthas fallen below 7 percent, reaching its lowest levels since Germanreunification in 1990. Germany’s youth unemployment is among thelowest in Europe, far beneath the European average.1 One of the mostimportant engines of the German economy today, and in fact throughoutthe twentieth and twenty-first centuries, has been its export sector. As LudwigErhard, West Germany’s Economics Minister during the Wirtschaftswunderof the 1950s remarked: “foreign trade is q

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Heidbrink, Ingo. "Renewable vs fossil fuel: How a fossil-fuel powered industry pushed a renewable resource out of the ice market in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." International Journal of Maritime History 34, no. 1 (2022): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714221080268.

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Artificially produced ice replaced natural ice as a cooling agent in a process of displacement that lasted several decades. This article uses the German market as an example to identify the three main factors that underpinned this process. First, it argues that the displacement process was largely driven by marketing and image campaigns created by the proponents of artificial ice-making technology, together with the general technophilia that prevailed in Imperial Germany. Second, the article shows how Europe's last major cholera outbreak in Hamburg was utilised to promote the transition from n

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Khachatryan, Karen. "German Trophies of Soviet Armenia Following the Results of World War II and the Great Patriotic War." ISTORIYA 14, no. 4 (126) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026411-1.

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This article shows that, among other republics of the USSR, Soviet Armenia also received its share of the “war reparations” imposed on Germany following the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War. High-tech machines and other modern equipment of German factories and enterprises, which arrived from Germany to the republic in the summer of 1946 as “German trophies”, not only replenished and re-equipped many industrial enterprises of the republic, but also new industrial facilities were created on their basis in Yerevan and other cities of the republic. All this largely caused the accelerat

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Belov, Vladislav. "PROSPECTS OF GERMANY’S NEW NORTH SEA SPACEPORT." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 4 (August 31, 2024): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran420247082.

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In recent decades, Germany has been actively developing its space industry, aiming to become a global and European leader in space technologies and launches. In 2010, the National Program and Strategy for the development of Germany as a space standort were adopted. This strategy was updated in 2023, with one of the priorities being the creation of a dedicated spaceport for launching low-orbit rocket carriers in the North Sea. This project represents a unique opportunity not only to strengthen Germany’s position on the international stage but also to stimulate the development of the national sp

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Benfey, Otto Theodor. "The biography of a periodic spiral: From chemistry magazine, via industry, to a foucault pendulum." Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 34, no. 2 (2009): 141–45. https://doi.org/10.70359/bhc2009v034p141.

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An account of the development of periodic spiral table of elements. The spiral table in the student magazine Chem. was introduced in 1964 to emphasize the complex yet beautiful periodicity in the properties of the chem. elements. It was modified as new elements were discovered or predicted. The table began appearing in textbooks and was included in a history of chem. Franklin Hyde, creator of silicones, modified it to emphasize the central significance of carbon and silicon. It found its way to a Max Planck Institute in Germany under the swings of a Foucault pendulum.

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GRÜNBACHER, ARMIN. "‘Honourable Men’: West German Industrialists and the Role of Honour and Honour Courts in the Adenauer Era." Contemporary European History 22, no. 2 (2013): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000064.

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AbstractThis article argues that traditional conceptions of honour and the social practices based on them were both persistent yet at the same time very fragile and changeable amongst post-war German steel industrialists. After a brief overview of how bourgeois honour developed up to the early 1950s, a study of the honour court case of one of the leading men of heavy industry, Hermann Reusch of Gutehoffnungshütte, which ran from 1947 to 1949, will be presented. This is followed by a description of the ultimately unsuccessful attempt by the Wirtschaftsvereinigung Eisen und Stahl to establish ho

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Araliz, M. R., H. S. Nugroho, and B. Ibrahim. "Comparison Industry 4.0 Assessment Reference Standards to Develop an Assessment Tool Industry 4.0." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2739, no. 1 (2024): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2739/1/012056.

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Abstract At this time, we have entered the 4th industrial revolution, or what is often called Industry 4.0, where all activities or data can be accessed in real time. Manufacturing companies are currently facing Industry 4.0 as a challenge. Manufacturing companies see the concept of Industry 4.0 as very complex which can disrupt the company’s business processes and manufacturing companies also find it difficult to assess their readiness to transform and fail to make strategies and work plans. The purpose of the research is to develop an assessment tool in one part of the industry 4.0 assessmen

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