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Journal articles on the topic 'Choroidal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fukuda, Yosuke, Shoji Notomi, Satomi Shiose, et al. "Wide-Field Choroidal Thickness Analysis after Half-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 6 (2024): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061608.

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Background: Pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) is a pachychoroid-spectrum disease. As blood circulation throughout the choroid may be involved in PNV pathogenesis, analysis using ultra-wide-field (UWF) fundus imaging is crucial. We evaluated choroidal thickness after half-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal aflibercept injection for PNV using UWF swept-source optical coherence tomography. Methods: Seventeen eyes with PNV that underwent half-fluence PDT with an adjuvant single intravitreal aflibercept injection were analyzed. To compare choroidal thicknesses in the cen

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Fukuda, Yosuke, Shoji Notomi, Satomi Shiose, et al. "Differences in Central and Peripheral Choroidal Thickness among the Subtypes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Asian Population." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 16 (2023): 5364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165364.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes visual impairment in individuals who are >50 years of age. However, no study has investigated AMD when using ultra-wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (UWF SS-OCT). We aimed to evaluate central and peripheral choroidal thicknesses using UWF SS-OCT, and to compare these across the AMD subtypes. We included 75 eyes of patients with typical AMD (tAMD), 56 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), 29 with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), and 12 with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). To compare choroidal thicknesses in

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3

Khadka, Prajita, Ranju Kharel (Sitaula), Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra, et al. "Choroidal Thickness Measurement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with or Without Ocular Manifestation." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 22, no. 01 (2024): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i01.4903.

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Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a multi-systemic disease that has a high morbidity rate. Choroids usually have a distinct structural makeup in different systemic disorders which makes it easier to be used as a potential tool for the study of disease activity.Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional prospective study with a total of 51 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients and 51 normal controls were included. The choroidal thickness values were determined using the Spectralis Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography instrument (Heidelberg Engineering).Results: T

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ŞENGÜL, Elvan Alper, and Özgül UĞURTAY. "Choroidal Metastases and Choroidal Lymphoma." Güncel Retina Dergisi (Current Retina Journal) 8, no. 2 (2023): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37783/crj-0400.

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Since the choroid is one of the organs with the most blood supply in the body, primary and metastatic tumors are common in the choroid. While metastatic choroidal cancers are the most common tumors of the eye, choroidal lymphoma is rare. The most common cancers that metastasize to the choroid are breast cancer and lung cancer. Choroidal lymphomas can be primary or secondary. Primary lymphoma is unilateral, slow growing and mild course. However, secondary lymphomas are bilateral, rapidly developing and aggressive. Treatment and survival of patients; varies depending on the extent of the disease

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Hoang, Quan V., Kazuyo Ito, Cameron Hoerig, Yee Shan Dan, Sally A. McFadden, and Jonathan Mamou. "Biomechanical properties of the myopic choroid." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023039.

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Retina-derived growth signals relayed from the choroid to the sclera cause remodeling of the extracellular matrix, resulting in myopic ocular elongation. However, no studies have assessed changes in choroidal biomechanical properties during myopia progression. The present study utilized 7-μm-resolution scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) to assess biomechanical properties of choroids in guinea pig eyes with form-deprivation (FD) induced myopia. Specifically, neonatal guinea pigs underwent unilateral FD for 1 week (resulting in moderate to high myopia). 12-μm-thick serial cryosections of eyes we

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Dumont, Isabelle, Pierre Hardy, Krishna G. Peri, et al. "Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by PGD2 in the developing choroid." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 1 (2000): H60—H66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.1.h60.

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We investigated if prostaglandins might regulate the increased choroidal endothelial (e) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the perinate. Prostaglandins, eNOS mRNA, immunoreactive protein and activity, and nitrite [stable metabolite of nitric oxide (NO)] production were markedly higher in newborn (1 day old) than juvenile (6–8 wk old) pig choroid. Treatment of isolated newborn choroids with the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor ibuprofen for 24 h reduced eNOS mRNA and nitrite production to values in juveniles. This effect was equally observed with the PGD2 receptor (DP) blocker BW A868C

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Park, Do Hee, Sang Woo Park, and Mi Sun Sung. "Choroidal Thickness in Advanced Glaucoma Patients." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 62, no. 12 (2021): 1626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.12.1626.

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Purpose: We investigated choroidal thickness according to the classification of glaucoma and related factors in patients with advanced glaucoma.Methods: The present study included 133 eyes of 133 advanced glaucoma patients with a mean deviation of <-12 dB. Patients were classified into primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) groups. Factors related to the subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness were analyzed using linear regression analysis.Results: The mean peripapillary choroid thickness was 99.20 ± 46.85 µm in the NTG group, which was significantly th

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8

Kazımova, L. A. "Changes in choroidal thickness in various eye diseases on OCT." POINT OF VIEW. EAST – WEST 12, no. 1 (2025): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.25276/2410-1257-2025-1-71-80.

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Although the choroid plays an important role in the structure and function of the eye, it has not been studied in detail in vivo. Improvements in optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology allow routine imaging of the choroid and deep structures of the optic nerve in most patients. Several variables, such as age, axial length, and time of day, influence choroidal thickness and must be considered when interpreting choroidal thickness data. Choroidal thickness can be used to differentiate between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and exudative ag

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Mathis, Ute, Marita Pauline Feldkaemper, and Frank Schaeffel. "Effects of Single and Repeated Intravitreal Applications of Atropine on Choroidal Thickness in Alert Chickens." Ophthalmic Research 64, no. 4 (2021): 664–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515755.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, is known since the 19th century to inhibit myopia development in children. One of its effects is that it stimulates choroidal thickening. Thicker choroids, in turn, have been linked to myopia inhibition. We used the atropine-stimulated choroidal response in the chicken to learn more about the time courses and amplitudes of the effects of atropine, as well as whether repeated applications lead to accumulation or desensitization. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Intravitreal injections containing

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Pedanova, E. K. "Pachychoroid neovasculopathy with normal subfoveal choroidal thickness." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-3-336-338.

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Pachychoriod neovasculopathy and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration often look similar, but some differences have been described both genotypically and in the level of cytokine profile, which explains the difference in response to antiangiogenic therapy. It is known that pachychoriod diseases are characterized by choroidal subfoveolar thickening. However, there is currently no data on the structural features of the choroid in the presence of pachychoriod neovasculopathy outside the fovea. Purpose. To perform a detailed analysis of choroial structure on OCT scans of patients w

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Bolletta, Elena, Luca De Simone, Marco Pellegrini, et al. "Optical Coherence Tomography in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Lesions Deforming the Choroidal Profile." Diagnostics 13, no. 12 (2023): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13121991.

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The choroid is the main part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. The high vascular component of the choroid makes this structure susceptible to inflammation in multisystemic diseases, as well as the most common site of metastasis in the eye. Therefore, the choroid is involved in many pathological conditions, from uveitis to intraocular tumors. Differentiating between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions deforming the choroidal profile can sometimes be challenging. In addition, scleral disorders can also deform the choroidal profile. Choroidal

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Yurdakul, Bilge, and Kuddusi Erkılıç. "Edi Mod Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of The Choroid in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Case-Control Study." Medical Science and Discovery 10, no. 3 (2023): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i3.885.

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Objective: The evaluation of choroidal thickness measurements became possible after the developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology. This study aimed to evaluate choroidal features in Retinitis Pigmentosa subjects with EDI (Enhanced depth imaging) mode spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Material and Method: A hundred and three eyes of 54 RP subjects underwent scanning with EDI-OCT for central retinal and choroidal thickness measurements and were compared with 40 healthy controls. Submacular choroidal thickness measurements were obtained beneath the fovea a

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Pedanova, E. K. "Choroidal caverns in pachychoroid neovasculopathy." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 6-1 (2021): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.6-1.27.

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Background. Choroid plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal pathology. Choroidal cavern, a recently identifi ed fi nding of optical coherent tomography (OCT), has been described in some degenerative and atrophic forms of retinal pathology. In the literature, there are only a few studies of choroidal cavers in pachychoroid neovasculopathy, newly described form of age related macular degeneration.The aim: to perform a detailed analysis of choroidal structure on OCT scans of patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy and to reveal the frequency of choroidal caverns identifi cation.

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Raj, Pragati, Roshan Kumar, Aditya Rajan, and Dev Kant. "Exploring Choroidal Masses: A Comprehensive Guide." EyeQuest 49, no. 1 (2024): 35–37. https://doi.org/10.4103/equest.equest_16_24.

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Abstract Choroidal osteoma is a rare benign ossifying tumor that is generally a unilateral condition in the juxtapapillary and macular area. There are multiple choroidal conditions that could remain asymptomatic and identified as an incidental finding during regular checkup, like choroidal osteoma, choroidal hemangioma, choroidal melanoma, choroidal nevus, and choroidal metastasis. We carried out a number of investigations for making a distinguished diagnosis, such as B-scan, optical coherence tomography, FFA/ICGA, and sometimes X-ray/CT-scan other than clinical examination. We hereby report a

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Yusef, Yu N., and A. S. Stoyukhina. "Metastatic lesion of the choroid against the background of polychemotherapy." Head and Neck Tumors (HNT) 12, no. 1 (2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2222-1468-2022-12-1-53-64.

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Introduction. The frequency of intraocular metastases is 64–67 % of all metastatic tumors of eye, with the choroid being mainly affected (88–90.7 %). In the majority of cases, metastases are localized in the central regions of the fundus (in 80 % between the equator and the macular zone) and, are characterized by rapid growth and rapid symptoms increase. There is practically no information in the literature about choroidal metastases foloww-up during polychemotherapy.The study objective – to analyze changes in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the choriodeal metastatic lesion at the en

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Zhou, Ying, and Er-Teng Jia. "Significance of choroidal thickness." International Eye Research 1, no. 4 (2020): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ier.2020.04.10.

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This article summarized the choroidal thickness systematically and followed by relevant findings which describes the influencing factors of the choroidal thickness, the changes of the choroidal thickness in ophthalmic diseases and the relationship between the blood flow and the choroidal thickness detailedly. Choroidal thickness is affected by many factors, such as age, gender, intraocular pressure, refractive error, axial length, systolic blood pressure, daily rhythm, body position, smoking history, etc., and choroid is significantly correlated with many ophthalmic diseases. Choroidal thickne

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Dorji, Phuntsho, Nor Tshering Lepcha, and Raba Thapa. "Choroidal Osteoma with Choroidal Neovascular Membrane treated with Anti- vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Rare Case with Review of Literatures." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (2021): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i2.33218.

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Introduction: Choroidal osteoma, usually unilateral, is a rare benign tumor of choroid. It is predominantly seen in young females. Case: We report a case of a 35-year-old female with unilateral choroidal osteoma associated with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). The diagnosis was confirmed with clinical examination, ocular ultrasonography, fundus fluorescein angiography and macular optical coherence tomography. Choroidal neovascular membrane improved with 3 doses of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (Anti-VEGF). Conclusion: Anti-VEGF monotherapy can be a cost effecti

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Francis, Jasmine H., Ethan K. Sobol, Molly Greenberg, Robert Folberg, and David H. Abramson. "Optical Coherence Tomography Characteristics of the Choroid Underlying Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 6, no. 4 (2020): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504712.

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Purpose: This study evaluates and characterizes the choroid underlying congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE). Methods: Retrospective observational study of CHRPE at least 2 mm in diameter. Choroidal vascular architecture was qualitatively examined. Choroidal thickness was measured by 2 independent observers using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: Forty-six eyes of 46 patients with CHRPE were included. Thirty-two lesions had imaging sufficient for analysis. Haller’s layer was healthy in 18 (56%), thin in 13 (41%), and absent

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Song, Yong-Seok, SunYoung Park, Debra Fisk, Christine M. Sorenson, and Nader Sheibani. "Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Choroidal Melanocytes and Their Proinflammatory Characteristics." Cells 14, no. 9 (2025): 646. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090646.

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Melanocytes are a major cellular component of the choroid which aids in the maintenance of choroidal integrity and vision. Unfortunately, our knowledge regarding the cell autonomous melanocyte function, in preserving choroidal health and the ocular pathologies associated with choroidal dysfunction, remain largely unknown. The ability to culture melanocytes has advanced our knowledge regarding the origin and function of these cells in choroidal homeostasis and vision. However, the culture of murine choroid melanocytes has not been previously reported. Here, we describe a method for the isolatio

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Michalewski, Janusz, Zofia Michalewska, Zofia Nawrocka, Maciej Bednarski, and Jerzy Nawrocki. "Correlation of Choroidal Thickness and Volume Measurements with Axial Length and Age Using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/639160.

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Purpose. To report choroidal thickness and volume in healthy eyes using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).Methods. A prospective observational study of 122 patients examined with swept source OCT (DRI-OCT, Topcon, Japan). In each eye, we performed 256 horizontal scans, 12 mm in length and centered on the fovea. We calculated choroidal thickness manually with a built-in caliper and automatically using DRI-OCT mapping software. Choroidal volume was also automatically calculated. We measured axial length with optical low-coherence reflectometry (Lenstar LS 900, Haag-Streit, Switz

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Jiang, Zhaoxin, Ting Zhang, Xing Liu, et al. "Multimodal Imaging Features of Bilateral Choroidal Ganglioneuroma." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6231269.

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Purpose. Bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma is extremely rare, and no cases have been described in the literature. Multimodal images are crucial for its diagnosis. Here, we evaluated multimodal images in the early stage of choroidal ganglioneuroma. Methods. A 6-year-old boy was recruited who had experienced gradually progressive vision loss and rapidly progressive myopia in both eyes over the past 2 years. His eyes were comprehensively evaluated via slit-lamp microscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), fundoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, in

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Terada, Noriko, Manabu Miyata, Yuki Muraoka, et al. "Abnormal Outer Choroidal Vasculature in Amblyopia." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2097087.

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Purpose. Several studies have indicated morphological changes in the choroid in amblyopia cases. This study investigates whether choroidal vasculature was different among amblyopic and fellow eyes in unilateral amblyopia patients and healthy eyes, using en face images acquired via swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Design. Prospective, observational case-control study. Methods. This study included 14 consecutive patients with unilateral amblyopia and 22 age- and axial length-matched healthy eyes. Using SS-OCT, we obtained en face images of choroidal vasculature midway through

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Platt, Sean, Diva R. Salomao, and Jose Pulido. "Histologic Findings of Choroidal Vasculopathy in Eyes Enucleated following Radiation Therapy for Uveal Melanoma: Radiation Choroidopathy." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 238, no. 05 (2021): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1275-0626.

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Abstract Introduction Little has been published about the choroidal vascular changes that occur years after radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to review the histological changes observed in the choroidal vasculature following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Methods Records from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from June 7, 2007 to June 7, 2017; 101 patients with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma that underwent enucleation had their records reviewed. Out of these, a total of 26 eyes had undergone plaque brachytherapy prior to enucleation, which had been performed at a

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Maloca, Peter M., Philippe Valmaggia, Theresa Hartmann, et al. "Volumetric subfield analysis of cynomolgus monkey’s choroid derived from hybrid machine learning optical coherence tomography segmentation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0275050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275050.

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This study aimed to provide volumetric choroidal readings regarding sex, origin, and eye side from healthy cynomolgus monkey eyes as a reference database using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. A machine learning (ML) algorithm was used to extract the choroid from the volumetric OCT data. Classical computer vision methods were then applied to automatically identify the deepest location in the foveolar depression. The choroidal thickness was determined from this reference point. A total of 374 eyes of 203 cynomolgus macaques from Asian and Mauritius origin were included in the analysi

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May, Christian Albrecht. "Chronologic versus Biologic Aging of the Human Choroid." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/378206.

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Several aspects of chronologic and biologic aging in the human choroid are reviewed from the literature. They often reveal methodological problems for age-dependent changes of the following parameters: choroidal thickness, choroidal pigmentation, choroidal vasculature and blood flow, and choroidal innervation. On reinterpreting some data of studies concerning Bruch’s membrane, changes observed at different age points seem more likely to be nonlinear. Concluding from the data presented so far, chronologic aging should not be used as a factor for physiological changes in the human choroid. Longi

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ZOR, Kürşad Ramazan, Gamze YILDIRIM BİÇER, and Hatice YILDIZ. "Choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in chronic spontaneous urticaria." Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 5, no. 6 (2022): 1650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1176438.

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Aim: In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic spontaneous urticaria on the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer. Material and Method: The patient group consisted of newly diagnosed 54 chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU ) patient and the control group consisted of 54 healthy volunteer. Choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements were performed with Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) 30 minutes after pupil dilation with 0,5% tropicamide. Results: In the patient group, nasal choroidal thickness (NCT) was 290.11±43.16 μm, su

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Purgert, Robert J., Jose J. Echegaray, Scott Lauer, and Arun D. Singh. "Acquired choroidal osteoma." Latin American Journal of Ophthalmology 2 (May 22, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/lajo-3-2019.

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Choroidal osteoma is a choristomatous lesion postulated to be congenital in nature. Described herein is the case of a 16-year- old female presenting with a peripapillary lesion diagnosed as choroidal osteoma on multimodal imaging. Routine fundus photography 18 months before presentation demonstrated a normal retina and choroid without evidence of the lesion. Overall, this report provides evidence that choroidal osteoma may be acquired and not always congenital in origin.

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Ra, Ho, Younhea Jung, Seung Hoon Lee, Seo-woo Park, Jay Chhablani, and Jiwon Baek. "Quantification of Choroidal Vascular Hyperpermeability on Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography in Macular Neovascularization." Diagnostics 14, no. 7 (2024): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070754.

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To obtain a quantitative parameter for the measurement of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) on ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWICGA) using an objective analysis method in macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A total of 113 UWICGA images from 113 subjects were obtained, including with 25 neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), 37 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (19 with thin-choroid and 18 with thick-choroid), 33 with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), and 18 age-matched controls. CVH was quantified on a gray image by the subtraction o

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Alhalafi, Ali M. "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Choroid Visualization for Myopia: A Comprehensive Scoping Review." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 4 (2023): 189–202. https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_154_24.

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Numerous artificial intelligence (AI) models, including deep learning techniques, are being developed to segment choroids in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. However, there is a need for consensus on which specific models to use, requiring further synthesis of their efficacy and role in choroid visualization in myopic patients. A systematic literature search was conducted on three main databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) using the search terms: “Machine learning” OR “Artificial Intelligence” OR “Deep learning” AND “Myopia” AND “Choroid” OR “Choroidal” from inception to Feb

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Chiang, Samuel T. H., and John R. Phillips. "Effect of Atropine Eye Drops on Choroidal Thinning Induced by Hyperopic Retinal Defocus." Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8528315.

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Purpose. To investigate the effects of atropine on choroidal thinning induced by hyperopic retinal defocus. Methods. Ten young adults with myopia (−1.00 D to −5.00 D) viewed a video at 6 metres for 60 minutes on successive days. On day 1, one eye (control) was distance corrected with a contact lens; the other (experimental) eye wore a contact lens imposing 2.00 D of hyperopic retinal defocus. Sub- and perifoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT, PFCT) were monitored with optical coherence tomography. On day 2, the procedure was repeated but the experimental eye had received one drop of 0.5% atropine

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Di Pippo, Mariachiara, Claudia Santia, Daria Rullo, Chiara Ciancimino, Flaminia Grassi, and Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh. "The Choroidal Vascularity Index Versus Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Evaluation of the Choroid with a Focus on Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Tomography 9, no. 4 (2023): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9040116.

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The choroid is the most vascularized structure of the eye and it is fundamental for the trophism of the outer retina. Its proper functioning and homeostasis represent key points in maintaining normal retinal physiology. Choroidal alterations may be implicated in the development and progression of numerous pathologies; therefore, in-depth studies using imaging techniques can be of crucial relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of retinal-choroidal diseases. The advent of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) has enabled the non-invasive study of the choroid in vivo and th

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Kim, Dong Yoon, Soo Geun Joe, Joo Yong Lee, June-Gone Kim, and Sung Jae Yang. "Choroidal Thickness in Eyes with Unilateral Ocular Ischemic Syndrome." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/620372.

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Aim. To analyze the subfoveal choroid thickness and choroidal volume in unilateral ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS).Methods. A retrospective review was conducted for all patients with unilateral OIS from October 2010 through June 2014. The subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) and choroidal volume of both eyes were compared.Results. 19 unilateral OIS patients were included in this study. The mean SFChT of OIS eyes was significantly lower than that of fellow eyes (OIS eyes: 208.89 ± 82.62 μm and fellow eyes: 265.31 ± 82.77 μm,P<0.001). The choroidal volume of OIS eyes was significantly smaller

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Zainodin, Elly Liyana, and Chen Ai-Hong. "Comparison of choroidal thickness between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2018): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.1126.

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Our study examined the choroidal thickness profile of children with myopic anisometropic amblyopia and compared the thickness with the fellow eyes. The choroidal thickness was measured with the enhanced depth imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Manual segmentations of the choroid were performed on a 25-raster horizontal scan. The choroidal thickness measurements of the 9 subfields defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were evaluated. The mean spherical equivalent of the amblyopic eyes was -10.80 ± 0.41 D and the fellow eyes was -4.40 ± 2.05 D.

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Rong, Yibiao, Zehua Jiang, Weihang Wu, et al. "Direct Estimation of Choroidal Thickness in Optical Coherence Tomography Images with Convolutional Neural Networks." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11 (2022): 3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113203.

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Automatic and accurate estimation of choroidal thickness plays a very important role in a computer-aided system for eye diseases. One of the most common methods for automatic estimation of choroidal thickness is segmentation-based methods, in which the boundaries of the choroid are first detected from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The choroidal thickness is then computed based on the detected boundaries. A shortcoming in the segmentation-based methods is that the estimating precision greatly depends on the segmentation results. To avoid the dependence on the segmentation step, in

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Munk, Marion, and Chantal Dysli. "Modern Imaging Techniques for Visualising Choroidal Morphology and Function." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 238, no. 09 (2021): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1562-8731.

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AbstractThe choroid is directly adjacent to the retina and consists of a dense vascular network that supplies the outer retina. Pathologies in the choroid can lead to changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. Thus, the choroid plays a crucial role in the development of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), pathologic myopia, and inflammatory diseases such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH). Basic knowledge of the structure and physiology of the choroid, as well as diagnostic options for visualizin

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Smolin, S. A. "New possibilities for assessing of the choroid condition in melanoma." Modern technologies in ophtalmology 60, no. 2 (2025): 146–47. https://doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2025-2-146-147.

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Relevance At the initial stages of melanoma (MC) development, the choroid is gradually involved in the process [1]. One of the biomarkers for assessing the condition of the choroid is the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Objective To assess the condition of the choroid in the MC localization zone using the choroidal vascularity index. Material and methods Analysis of tomograms performed on the OCT Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) in the EDI (enhanced depth imaging) mode [2], 54 patients with MC. Post-processing of tomograms for calculating CVI was performed by two research

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Li, Fan, Yiming Huo, Lihua Ma, and Guangxian Tang. "Correlation Analysis between Macular Choroidal Thickness and Visual Field Mean Defect in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574950.

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Purpose. To evaluate the differences in macular choroidal thickness and volume between patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy controls to assess the correlation between macular choroidal thickness and visual field mean defect (MD). Methods. Case-control study. A total of 101 patients (101 eyes) with POAG who were hospitalized in our hospital and 102 healthy subjects (102 eyes) matched by age, sex, and axial length were consecutively selected as the POAG group and the control group, respectively. The macular choroidal thickness and volume in nine regions were measured in a

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Fragiotta, Serena, Luca Scuderi, Clemente Maria Iodice, et al. "Choroidal Vasculature Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: From a Molecular to a Clinical Perspective." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231912010.

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The contribution of choroidal vasculature to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been long debated. The present narrative review aims to discuss the primary molecular and choroidal structural changes occurring with aging and AMD with a brief overview of the principal multimodal imaging modalities and techniques that enable the optimal in vivo visualization of choroidal modifications. The molecular aspects that target the choroid in AMD mainly involve human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, complement dysregulation, leukocyte interaction at Bruch’s membrane, and mas

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Odrobina, Dominik, Iwona Laudańska-Olszewska, Piotr Gozdek, Mariusz Maroszyński, and Michael Amon. "Influence of Scleral Buckling Surgery with Encircling Band on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Long-Term Observations." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/586894.

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Purpose. The aim of this study is the presentation of subfoveal choroidal thickness with enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) several months after scleral buckling with encircling band surgery.Methods. 48 patients who underwent scleral buckling with encircling band surgery for unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were included in the retrospective observational study. The mean time from scleral buckling surgery to the final EDI-OCT examination was months. We compare choroidal thickness between operated and fellow eyes.Results. In all patients, t

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Panova, Irina E., Kristina K. Shefer, and Alexander I. Shilov. "Clinical case of bilateral rapidly progressive osteoma of the choroid." Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology 18, no. 4 (2023): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rpoj364508.

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Choroidal osteoma is a benign neoplasm characterized by the appearance of mature bone tissues at the level of the choroid and unilateral development. This study highlights a clinical case of bilateral rapidly progressing osteoma of the choroid in a child, which was complicated by tumor decalcification and choroidal neovascularization. A 14-year-old male teen has been under observation in the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint-Petersburg branch since 2019, for bilateral choroidal osteoma. At the initial visit, a yellow-orange lesion with clear boundaries was noted in

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Hoshiyama, Ken, Shintaro Nakao, Satomi Shiose, et al. "Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Detects Choriocapillaris Loss in Decalcification of Choroidal Osteoma." Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases 3, no. 4 (2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2474126419855314.

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Purpose: Choroidal osteoma, which typically affects young women, is a benign intraocular tumor composed of mature bone within the choroid. Tumor decalcification and subfoveal choroidal neovascularization often lead to poor visual acuity although the etiology is unknown. Choriocapillaris characteristics in choroidal osteoma also are unknown. Methods: We report 4 cases of choroidal osteoma with decalcification in which the choriocapillaris could be imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Results: OCTA showed that the choriocapillaris structure was maintained in the calcified p

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Iovino, Claudio, Valentina Di Iorio, Francesco Testa, et al. "Choroidal Vascularity Features in Patients with Choroideremia and Cystoid Spaces." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030382.

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Cystoid spaces (CSs) are a common retinal finding in choroideremia (CHM) patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the vascular features of the choroid associated with the presence of CSs in patients with confirmed genetic diagnosis of CHM. A total of 33 patients (33 eyes) were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional study and divided into two groups based on the presence (17 eyes) or absence (16 eyes) of CSs. Choroidal features were evaluated on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography including subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal choroidal

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Battista, Marco, Enrico Borrelli, Chiara Veronese, et al. "Choroidal Rift: A New OCT Finding in Eyes with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7 (2020): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072260.

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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a complex and not entirely understood retinal disease. The aim of our research was to describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding named “choroidal rift”, which may be identified in the choroid of eyes with CSC. We collected data from 357 patients (488 eyes) with CSC who had structural OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) scans obtained. Choroidal rifts were identified as polygonal (and not round-shaped) hyporeflective lesions without hyperreflective margins. Choroidal rifts had to be characterized by a size superior to that of the largest cho

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Xu, Amin, Gongpeng Sun, Chaoye Duan, Zhen Chen, and Changzheng Chen. "Quantitative Assessment of Three-Dimensional Choroidal Vascularity and Choriocapillaris Flow Signal Voids in Myopic Patients Using SS-OCTA." Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (2021): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111948.

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Purpose: To compare the choroidal vascularity of large- and middle-sized choroidal vessels and choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion in patients with different degrees of myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods: One hundred and thirteen people with myopia were enrolled. SS-OCTA was performed to analyze the choroidal vascularity and CC perfusion. Three-dimensional (3D) choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal luminal volumes (LV) were obtained by artificial intelligence segmentation of the choroidal lumen in Volume OCT images. CC perfusion was asse

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Yip, Vivien Cherng-Hui, Augustinus Laude, Kara Anne Tan, Jianbin Ding, Elizabeth Wong, and Rupesh Agrawal. "A longitudinal study of choroidal changes following cataract surgery in patients with diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, no. 4 (2019): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164119841536.

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Objective: To study the structural changes in the choroid of diabetic patients following cataract surgery, using choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness. Methods: A prospective case–control study was conducted in 18 diabetic and 18 non-diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) in one eye. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images were obtained before and after surgery. Niblack’s image binarization of images was performed to derive the choroidal vascularity index. Independent sample T-test compared the differences of choroidal vascularity i

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Sun, Huixin, Shizhao Yang, Qian Wang, Xiyuan Zhou, Zheng Zheng, and Minming Zheng. "Choroidal osteoma secondary to chronic posterior scleritis: A case report and literature review." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 4, no. 2 (2024): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2375_23.

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Choroidal osteoma is a rare benign ossifying tumor of the choroid. Posterior scleritis is an uncommon yet potentially sight-threatening inflammation of the sclera. Herein, we report a case of choroidal osteoma secondary to chronic posterior scleritis accompanied by a literature review. Decalcification of the tumor, choroidal neovascularization, and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy can result in blindness. Hence, patients with recurrent posterior scleritis need long-term follow-up; in addition, we need to be alert for complications, such as choroidal osteoma, which can ultimately lead to a po

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Ijeri, Raghavendra K., Mervin Jonathan Israel, and Nikhita Anil Sankolli. "Choroidal thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 10, no. 3 (2024): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.082.

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To measure the choroidal thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its comparison to healthy age-matched individuals.This prospective comparative study conducted at departments of Ophthalmology, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura. Study included 192 patients, 96 with diabetes and 96 age-matched controls. Data acquired comprised demographics, a thorough eye examination, fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography measurements of choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging.Mean age was 60.17±7.727 years with male p

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Hsia, Wei Ping, Siu Lun Tse, Chia Jen Chang, and Yu Len Huang. "Automatic Segmentation of Choroid Layer Using Deep Learning on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125488.

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The purpose of this article is to evaluate the accuracy of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement of choroidal thickness in healthy eyes using a deep-learning method with the Mask R-CNN model. Thirty EDI-OCT of thirty patients were enrolled. A mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) model composed of deep residual network (ResNet) and feature pyramid networks (FPNs) with standard convolution and fully connected heads for mask and box prediction, respectively, was used to automatically depict the choroid layer. The average choroidal thickness and subfoveal choroi

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Guo, Xiaohong, Yao Zhou, Chenyang Gu, et al. "Characteristics and Classification of Choroidal Caverns in Patients with Various Retinal and Chorioretinal Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (2022): 6994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11236994.

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Purpose: To investigate the features of choroidal caverns in diverse retinal diseases with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Subjects with normal eyes, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), or chronic CSC were enrolled. The characteristics of choroidal caverns were evaluated with SS-OCT. The prevalence of choroidal caverns in retinal diseases and the correlations between the number, width and depth of choroidal caverns with the thickness of choroid were analyzed. Results: Among 315 eyes o

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Bashir, Nusrat, Farzana Manzoor, Bilal Musharaf, and Ruby Reshi. "Bone marrow involvement as a rare manifestation of relapsed choroidal melanoma." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 8 (2020): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203475.

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Choroidal Melanoma is the most common primary intra-ocular malignancy. Incidence of primary choroidal melanoma is about 6 cases per 1 million population. It disseminates hematogenously. The most common site of metastasis is liver. Metastatic melanoma involving the bone marrow is rare, occurring in 5% of patients with disseminated disease. However, Choroid melanoma with bone marrow involvement is very rare. Only a few case reports are published in literature. Authors present a case of bone marrow metastasis from choroid melanoma in 55 years old female who has been treated for primary choroidal

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