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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chronic systolic heart failure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Siamkouris, Dimitrios [Verfasser], and Angelika [Akademischer Betreuer] Costard-Jäckle. "Iron deficiency in chronic heart failure with severely depressed systolic left ventricular function / Dimitrios Siamkouris. Betreuer: Angelika Costard-Jäckle." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032313145/34.

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2

Johansson, Peter. "Health‐related quality of life, depression, sleep and breathing disorders in the elderly : With focus on those with impaired systolic function/heart failure." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kardiologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15784.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep complaints, as well as to investigate the prognostic value of health-related quality of life (Hr-QoL) and depressive symptoms on mortality in an elderly community living population with a focus on those with impaired systolic function/heart failure (HF). Descriptive, prognostic and explorative study designs were used to examine if a single question about global perceived health (GPH) is associated with the domains of Hr-QoL as assessed by the SF-36 (I), as well as to

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3

Talwar, Suneel. "Molecular forms of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiotrophin-1 in the assessment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction and in subjects with chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29618.

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Heart failure is common, has a poor prognosis and can be treated. The incidence is increasing, partly because of improved survival after myocardial infarction and partly because the population is aging and heart failure is a disease of the elderly. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure, the diagnosis of heart failure remains enigmatic and requires the skills of the physician. Those skills have not yet been superseded by technology. The natriuretic peptide family of hormones have been used extensively to study a range of cardiovascular disorders. Plasma l

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4

Loh, Poay Huan. "Biomarkers of neurohormonal activation, on-going myocardial damage, haemostasis and inflammation in patients with stable chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and potential novel treatment." Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10518.

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The prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) remains poor despite the progress in modern therapy. Btype natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a useful diagnostic and most consistent prognostic markers in CHF. However, treatment strategy guided by natriuretic peptides does not necessarily improve the outcome. In addition to myocardial remodelling, CHF is a systemic syndrome involving neurohormonal activation, inflammatory up-regulation, endothelial dysfunction and haemopoietic, haemostatic and haemorrheologic disturbance. In patients with

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5

Mathieu, Myrielle. "Comparison between therapeutic efficiency of bone marrow derived mononuclear and mesenchymal stem cells in chronic myocardial infarction." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210138.

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<p>Background: Stem cell therapy can facilitate cardiac repair after healed myocardial infarction but the optimal cell type remains uncertain. <p>Aims: To investigate the pathophysiology of heart failure in a canine model of healed myocardial infarction and to compare the efficacy and the safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMNC) transfer and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer in this model. It was a blind, randomized and placebo control study.<p>Methods: Eleven weeks after coronary ligation, 24 dogs received intramyocardial injections of BMNC, MSC or Placebo (n = 8 per groups

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6

Huiskes, Bonita Louise. "Advanced heart failure in older women with heart failure and preserved systolic function." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390049.

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7

Cowburn, Pete James. "Endothelin and chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324790.

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8

Khrebtiy, G. I. "Chronic heart failure (pathogenetic aspects)." Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17094.

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9

Guha, Kaushik. "Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy and its effects on systolic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24931.

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Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) is now an established therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, broad QRS duration (>120 milliseconds on surface electrocardiogram) and on optimal tolerated medical therapy. The numbers of implants are rising throughout the Westernised world. The United Kingdom has also had a rapid increase in CRT implantation. Despite the large randomised trials which prove clinical effectiveness, there is a realisation that a significant minority of patients who undergo CRT implantation do not derive the anticipated clinica

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10

Von, Lanzenauer Stephan Haehling. "Studies of immune function in chronic heart failure, inflammation in the progression of chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516814.

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11

Al-Nasser, Faisal. "Beta-blockers in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406219.

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12

Clark, Andrew Lawrence. "Exercise limitation in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389907.

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13

Doehner, Wolfram. "Metabolic studies in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417893.

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14

Witte, Klaus Karl August. "Exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429606.

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15

Beadle, Roger. "Metabolic manipulation in chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201651.

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Treatments aimed at modifying cardiac substrate utilisation are designed to improve metabolic efficiency. In the fasting state, the heart mainly relies on fatty acid oxidation for its energy production. The heart can adapt to metabolise glucose, lactate and amino acids depending on the predominate milieu and demands placed upon it. A shift from fatty acid oxidation to carbohydrate oxidation leads to a lower oxygen consumption per unit of adenosine triphosphate produced. It is this concept of improving cardiac efficiency by a reduction in oxygen demand that underpins the use of metabolic manipu

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16

Kiilavuori, Kai. "Physical training in chronic heart failure." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/kiilavuori/.

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17

Hogg, Karen Jane. "Clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function : a descriptive cohort study and comparison with heart failure and reduced systolic function." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4413/.

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At the time of starting this work, the syndrome of heart failure with preserved systolic function was a neglected area in clinical cardiovascular research. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of this condition by investigating the prevalence of HF-PSF in a cohort of patients admitted to hospital with heart failure, examining their clinical characteristics and determining their prognosis. By comparing the detailed clinical characteristics of patients with HF-PSF to those of patients with reduced systolic function, this study has provided a number of important insights into th

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18

Steele, Ian Conrad. "Pathophysiology of chronic cardiac failure." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337046.

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19

Davies, Lewis Ceri. "Cardiovascular control mechanisms in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397946.

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20

Smith, Lindsay Anne. "Sleep-disordered breathing and chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29371.

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Methods: Patients with stable symptomatic chronic heart failure were screened for sleep-disordered breathing by home sleep study. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale and heart failure severity by symptom class, left ventricular ejection fraction and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentrations. In a subset of patients, synchronous in-laboratory limited sleep studies and polysomonography, and home limited sleep studies, were performed prospectively. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and stable symptomatic chronic heart failure were randomised to noc

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21

Anker, Stefan Dietmar. "Studies of cachexia complicating chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286392.

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22

Evans, Alison. "The splanchnic circulation and chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324047.

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23

Manisty, Charlotte Harriet. "Optimising cardiorespiratory physiology in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530446.

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24

Thackray, Simon Dominic Rhodes. "Studies of permanent pacing and chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435499.

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25

Okonko, Darlington Obinnaya. "Anaemia and metabolic pathways in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549708.

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Background: Anaemia is a common and adverse comorbidity in chronic heart failure (CHF), but critical aspects of its epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment remain unclear. Objectives: This thesis tested the hypotheses that temporal trends in haemoglobin (Hb) relate to outcome in CHF, that anaemia might be subsequent to immune-mediated erythroid cell suppression, erythropoietin (Epo) resistance, cellular iron transport dysregulation, and altered adrenal steroidogenesis, and that low Hb levels could be amenable to recombinant Epo and intravenous iron therapies separately. Methods and Results: A

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26

Haworth, Jane Emily. "Adjustment to chronic heart failure : a biopsychosocial approach." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13381.

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The prevalence of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is increasing and recent studies outside of the UK suggest that psychological adjustment to this disease can be poor. The present study aimed to: - 1) Determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in a UK sample. 2) Explore the validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) against a structured clinical interview (SCID-I). 3) Identify the predictors of depression and anxiety. 4) Identify the predictors of hospitalisation and mortality. PARTICIPANTS AND MEmODS - A postal survey of 118 patients from a specialist CHF unit

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27

Wong, Aaron K. F. "Insulin resistance, chronic heart failure and potential treatment." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/4b513bf1-6e14-4c68-9bce-7b5c75c70130.

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and insulin resistant (IR) are highly prevalent among heart failure (HF) patients. There is now increasing evidence to suggest a bidirectional relationship between IR and HF. DM and IR not only lead to heart failure, but heart failure can also lead to the development of DM or IR. The degree of IR also correlates with the severity and mortality of CHF. The pathophysiology of IR in CHF has yet to be fully defined. Activation of sympathetic nervous system, abnormal regulation of adipocytokines systems, activation of inflammatory and coagulation cascade, accumulation of glyc

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28

You, Cindy. "Impact of Left Ventricular Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Right Ventricular Systolic Heart Failure on Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17295904.

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Heart failure is a common diagnosis in the intensive care unit (ICU) with many studies regarding left ventricular systolic dysfunction and ICU outcomes. Less commonly explored are heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), also known as diastolic heart failure, and right ventricular heart failure in ICU outcomes. We sought to study the impact of both diastolic heart failure and right ventricular heart failure on general ICU outcomes. This retrospective cohort study includes 919 patients admitted to an ICU of a major tertiary care medical center with HFpEF, and 298 patients from t

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29

LeMaitre, John P. "Exercise training by neuromuscular stimulation in chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29219.

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Methods: Studies 1-3 randomise stable patients to conventional bicycle training (Bike) or neuromuscular stimulation (NMS) of quadriceps and gastrocnemius leg muscles. A 6-week training programme is undertaken with functional performance assessed by 6-minute walk (6MW), quadriceps strength and fatigue testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and quality of life scoring. Body composition is assessed further in study 2 using dual-energy X-ray absorptionometry. Inflammatory markers are assessed before and after training in study 3. Study 4 is a controlled trial of NMS and Bike training including

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30

Hjelm, Carina. "Cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96398.

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Introduction Approximately 1-2% of the adult population in developed countries suffer from heart failure (HF), with the prevalence rising to more than 10% among patients 80 years of age or older. The HF syndrome is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity, and decreased quality of life. Cognitive dysfunction has been reported in patients suffering from a variety of cardiovascular disorders. However, few studies have systematically assessed cognitive performance in HF patients, its prevalence and other factors influencing cognition in HF patients. Further, it is of great interest to und

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31

Kalra, Paul Raj. "Natriuretic peptides and metabolic pathways in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503841.

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32

Salusbury-Trelawny, Joanna Mary. "Mechanisms of Impaired Diuretic responsiveness in Chronic Heart Failure." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25685.

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33

Ward, Neil Robert. "Diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9597.

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Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent but underdiagnosed in chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of this thesis was to investigate the utility of simple portable monitoring and clinical features to identify CHF patients with SDB. In addition, the influence of scoring criteria on diagnosis and classification of SDB in CHF was investigated. In the first study, clinical characteristics in CHF patients with SDB were compared to those without SDB. No specific symptom, anthropometric characteristic or measure of heart failure severity was reliably able to identify CHF patients with SDB. In t

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34

Piper, Susan Elizabeth. "Novel biomarkers for the monitoring of chronic heart failure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/novel-biomarkers-for-the-monitoring-of-chronic-heart-failure(bf8537c5-1e3a-4cf4-a420-c1ba363d0460).html.

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Heart failure is a serious, life-threatening condition. Despite significant advances in both pharmacological and device therapies, significant morbidity and mortality remain a reality. The ability to monitor, identify and intervene on those most at risk to prevent further clinical deterioration continues to be a goal of healthcare providers around the world. Despite their established role in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure, use of the B-type natriuretic peptides, BNP and NTproBNP to monitor patients with chronic heart failure has been disappointing. Such results have, in part, bee

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35

Strömberg, Anna. "Caring for patients with chronic heart failure : with focus on patient education and nurse-led heart failure clinics /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med708s.pdf.

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36

Bosco-Lévy, Pauline. "Heart failure in France : chronic heart failure therapeutic management and risk of cardiac decompensation in real-life setting." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0348.

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En France, environ un million de personnes seraient touchées par l’insuffisance cardiaque (IC) ; on recense près de 70 000 décès liés à l’IC, et plus de 150 000 hospitalisations et cela, malgré une prise en charge thérapeutique bien codifiée. Ces chiffres devraient s’accroitre dans les années futures du fait notamment du vieillissement de la population.L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’utilisation des traitements pharmacologiques indiqués dans le traitement de l’IC (beta bloquant, inhibiteur de l’enzyme de conversion, anti-aldostérone, antagoniste des récepteurs à l’angiotensine II, d

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37

Gu, Haotian. "Left ventricular systolic function and myocardial wall stress in conditions predisposing to diastolic heart failure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/left-ventricular-systolic-function-and-myocardial-wall-stress-in-conditions-predisposing-to-diastolic-heart-failure(5ec32252-3057-4b7e-a345-00e669eab69d).html.

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Myocardial wall stress (MWS) is a crucial factor linked to myocardial hypertrophy, which can lead to heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Shortening-deactivation of cardiac myocytes could provide a mechanism linking systolic to diastolic dysfunction whereby an impairment of early systolic ejection leads to sustained myocardial contraction, preserving overall ejection fraction at the expense of diastolic dysfunction. We formulated a novel index of first phase ejection fraction (EF1), the fraction of left ventricular volume ejected from the start of

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38

Piepoli, Massimo F. "Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to exercise in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243516.

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39

Sharma, Rakesh. "Cellular immune function and metabolic abnormalities in chronic heart failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406373.

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40

Mabote, Thato. "Novel concepts for non-invasive telemonitoring in chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11918.

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Background: The morbidity and mortality from chronic heart failure (HF) remains alarmingly high, in part due to failure to apply substantial disease modifying strategies to halt disease progression. Telemonitoring has been proposed as a potential disease management strategy to deal with the burden posed by HF. While treatment decisions guided by invasive telemonitoring data have shown early promise, it is unclear whether non-invasively derived surrogates of haemodynamics could be reliable enough to guide therapeutic interventions. Aims: The principal aim of this thesis is to investigate whethe

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41

Goebel, Joy Rene. "Palliative care in chronic heart failure pain and its correlates /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1581455111&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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42

Major, Yolanda. "Effect of Home Telehealth on Vterans with Chronic Heart Failure." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2609.

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More than 5 million Americans have heart failure, with approximately 5% of those affected being veterans. As the number of patients with CHF continues to rise, new treatment options are needed to improve the quality of care. Current studies show Telehealth is one treatment option. The purpose of this scholarly project was to determine if veterans diagnosed with CHF were able to maintain optimal weight and blood pressure following participation in Care Coordination Home Telehealth (CCHT) program. The CCHT program provides care to veterans, through the use of monitoring devices placed in their h

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43

Collins, Diana Lee. "Improving Outcomes for Congestive Heart Failure Patients." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5688.

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Managing patients diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) requires coordination with subspecialties and frequent outpatient monitoring. The lack of communication among health care providers and patients can result in a gap in practice when managing patients with CHF in the outpatient setting. Guided by the chronic care model, this quality improvement project was an initiative to develop and implement a 6-week self-care management program provided by nurse practitioners in an outpatient primary care practice. The goal of the project was to improve the day-to-day self-care management of pa

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44

Evans, Rachael Andrea. "Generic exercise rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7559.

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Background: Exertional breathlessness and fatigue are common disabling symptoms of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). The mechanisms behind these symptoms are similar including skeletal muscle dysfunction. Exercise training at least partially reverses the skeletal muscle abnormalities and improves exercise performance and health related quality of life in both conditions. Pulmonary rehabilitation, with exercise training as a core component, is an integral part of the management of COPD, but a service for CHF has not developed in the same

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45

Pratt, Rebekah Janet. "Broken hearts and the heart broken : living with, and dying from, heart failure in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8273.

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Heart failure is a common and serious chronic condition, which can be as ‘malignant’ as most forms of cancer (Stewart, MacIntyre, Hole, Capewell, & McMurray, 2001). Recent estimates are that around 40,000 men and 45,000 women are living with heart failure in Scotland (Stewart, MacIntyre, Capewell, & McMurray, 2003). Heart failure is significantly influenced by socioeconomic factors, with people on lower incomes being more likely to develop, and die faster from, heart failure (McAlister et al, 2004). There is a growing body of research on the experience of living with heart failure, however, no

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46

Tsuji, Shuhei. "Lionheart LincRNA alleviates cardiac systolic dysfunction under pressure overload." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263521.

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47

Jamil, Haqeel Ahmed. "The role of heart rate on functional capacity in chronic heart failure : association or contribution?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11932/.

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A key feature of chronic heart failure (CHF) is an inability of the heart rate (HR) to increase in proportion to the level of physical exertion, known as chronotropic incompetence (CI). Increases in HR during exercise contribute to an increase in cardiac output and hence greater blood supply to exercising peripheral muscles. It is generally assumed therefore that a limitation to heart rate rise might contribute to exercise intolerance. Whether CI is a causal factor in CHF has been a long-standing topic of debate and conflicting opinions. This thesis comprises a series of studies aiming to clar

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48

Iborra, Egea Oriol. "Novel approaches towards precision medicine in acute and chronic heart failure." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669734.

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L’infart de miocardi (IM) és causat per una aturada sobtada del flux de sang que provoca isquèmia local al cor i desencadena un remodelat patològic, que es pot desenvolupar en insuficiència cardíaca (IC). Tot i que pot presentar-se com un esdeveniment estàtic, aquest és un procés complex i dinàmic. En aquesta tesi, es va valorar la IC considerant tot l'espectre de la malaltia. A més, estudis recents donen suport a la idea que processos biològics específics probablement estiguin influïts pel context biològic (p. ex: un teixit específic o una determinada malaltia). Aquesta aproximació constantm

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49

Hawkins, Nathaniel Mark. "Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : common partners, common problems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1574/.

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Heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common partners with common problems. Both are chronic systemic disorders incurring significant morbidity and mortality. Although around one third of patients with HF have concurrent COPD,1 remarkably few reports have addressed this often ignored combination. The systematic review presented within this thesis defines the diagnostic challenges, prevalence and prognostic implications of HF with coexistent COPD. I then critically appraise the twin controversies of β-blockade in COPD and β-agonists in HF. The two are inextrica

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50

Muller, Andrew Frank. "Studies of central and regional haemodynamic parameters in chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305090.

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