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Journal articles on the topic 'Civil War (Sierra Leone : 1991-2002)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

KAMARA, JOSEPH F. "Preserving the Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone: Challenges and Lessons Learned in Prosecuting Grave Crimes in Sierra Leone." Leiden Journal of International Law 22, no. 4 (2009): 761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990215.

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AbstractSierra Leone experienced particularly heinous and widespread crimes against humanity and war crimes during its eleven years of civil war from 1991 to 2002. During the war, the civilian population was targeted by all the fighting factions. Civilians were captured, abducted, and held as slaves used for forced labour. The Special Court for Sierra Leone was established by the government of Sierra Leone and the United Nations in 2002, through Security Council Resolution 1315. It is mandated to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for serious violations of international humanitaria

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Shipilov, Alexander Yu. "Refugees in Trans-Border Conflict: The Case of Sierra Leone, 1991–2002." Novaya i Novejshaya Istoriya, no. 1 (May 23, 2024): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424010137.

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The victimization of refugees in the recipient communities has been broadly explored, especially in the context of West African civil wars, however the role refugees had in armed violence against local population and in the maintenance of the regional conflict economy requires further research. In this article, the author examines matters of refugee involvement in a civil war ravaging the recipient country based on the case of Sierra Leone conflict (1991–2002) and role that Liberian refugees played at the outset and different periods of war. The primary aim of this study is to determine the ex

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Dana, Zikho. "War, Women and Post-conflict Empowerment: Lessons from Sierra Leone." African Journal on Conflict Resolution 23, no. 2 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/ajcr.v23i2.17640.

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War, Women and Post-conflict Empowerment: Lessons from Sierra Leone, edited by Josephine Beoku-Betts and Fredline A. M’Cormack-Hale uses an African Feminist theory to explicate how issues such as class, race, gender, religion, ethnicity, and heteronormativity intersect and are shaped by women in the African context, specifically in the war and post war contexts. The book offers conceptual frameworks embedded in “African centred gendered analysis” which privileges African lived realities and localised understandings of empowerment and development over dominant Western neoliberal conceptual fram

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Bowsher, Josh. "Rebel Greed and Postcolonial Governance: Neoliberal Accountings of the Past within Transitional Justice Processes in Sierra Leone." Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 15, no. 1 (2024): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hum.2024.a941439.

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Abstract: This article extends recent academic debates about the sociohistorical entanglements between neoliberalism and human rights by exploring transitional justice processes in Sierra Leone, which followed the country's decade-long civil war (1991-2002). It analyses the ways both the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) and the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (SLTRC) drew on 'economic' discourses, variously using the concepts of 'greed', 'corruption' and 'governance' to explain the broader context of the human rights violations with which they were concerned. By criticall

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Stańczyk, Anna. "Przemoc i społeczne skutki konfliktów w Liberii i Sierra Leone." Świat Idei i Polityki 16, no. 1 (2017): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/siip201712.

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The civil war in Liberia began in 1989, when the country was attacked by the rebels of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) led by Charles Taylor. In Sierra Leone the civil war was initiated in 1991 by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led by Foday Sankoh. The article describes the specifics of the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It discusses social and economic context of the wars as well as causes of their longevity. In addition, it presents the international community actions for ending the prolonged civil war in Sierra Leone and the importance of the policy “weapon for diam

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Harris, Dawn, Tarik Endale, Unn Hege Lind, et al. "Mental health in Sierra Leone." BJPsych International 17, no. 1 (2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2019.17.

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Sierra Leone is a West African country with a population of just over 7 million. Many Sierra Leoneans lived through the psychologically distressing events of the civil war (1991–2002), the 2014 Ebola outbreak and frequent floods. Traditionally, mental health services have been delivered at the oldest mental health hospital in sub-Saharan Africa, with no services available anywhere else in the country. Mental illness remains highly stigmatised. Recent advances include revision of the Mental Health Policy and Strategic Plan and the strengthening of mental health governance and district services.

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Bindi, Idrissa Tamba, and Ozgur Tufekci. "Liberal Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone: A Critical Exploration." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 8 (2018): 1158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618776427.

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There is increasing awareness and international support for rebuilding states that have gone through conflict. Third-party interventions in bringing peace to countries that have emerged from civil wars have been channeled through a fundamental concept known as liberal peacebuilding. Liberal peacebuilding, even though it faces much criticism, has been a prominent strategy for third-party intervention in post-war countries since the end of the Cold War. This paper deals with the liberal peacebuilding process in Sierra Leone, after its decade-long brutal civil war. The focus lies on Dr Roland Par

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Kusumawardani, Damar. "Kerjasama UNICEF dan IRC dalam Penegakan Hak Anak di Sierra Leone." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 4, no. 1 (2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v4i1.120.

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Sierra Leone was one of the countries with the largest use of child soldiers during the civil war between 1991-2002. Girl child soldiers made up to 30 percent of the total child soldiers involved in the Sierra Leone civil war. The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program (DDR) which was one of the UN mandate as a post-conflict peace consolidation could only reach 506 out of a total of 6,845 child soldiers who have been disarmed. This was because the requirement for the disarmament phase was to hand in their weapon, while many girls were not equipped with weapon by their armed forc

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Utas, Mats, and Magnus Jörgel. "The West Side Boys: military navigation in the Sierra Leone civil war." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 3 (2008): 487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003388.

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ABSTRACTThe West Side Boys were one of several military actors in the Sierra Leonean civil war (1991–2002). A splinter group of the army, the WSB emerged as a key player in 1999–2000. In most Western media accounts, the WSB appeared as nothing more than renegade, anarchistic bandits, devoid of any trace of long-term goals. By contrast, this article aims to explain how the WSB used well-devised military techniques in the field; how their history and military training within the Sierra Leone army shaped their notion of themselves and their view of what they were trying to accomplish; and, finall

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Marah, Thomas Sheku. "HUMANITARIAN LAW AND ASEAN: ANALYZING REGIONAL COMMITMENT AND HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE MECHANISMS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA." Journal of Governance and Public Administration 2, no. 2 (2025): 495–511. https://doi.org/10.70248/jogapa.v2i2.2128.

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The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) has made a great contribution to transitional justice in general, and in countries moving from violent conflict. Established in 2002, its principal mandate was the prosecution of persons responsible for the most serious violations committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991-2002). This hybrid tribunal, a combination of international and domestic law, focused on individuals in positions of senior authority who orchestrated or were deeply involved in crimes such as war crimes and crimes against humanity. This article provides an in-depth exploratio

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11

Das, Shruti, and Deepshikha Routray. "Climate Change and Ecocide in Sierra Leone: Representations in Aminatta Forna’s Ancestor Stones and The Memory of Love." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 2 (2021): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.2.2021.3812.

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War has been instrumental in destroying land and forests and thus is a major contributor to climate change. Degradation due to war has been especially significant in Africa. The African continent, once green, is now almost denuded of its rich forests and pillaged of its precious natural resources due to the brutality of colonisation and more recent postcolonial civil wars. In Sierra Leone the civil war continued for over eleven years from 1991 to 2002 and wrought havoc on the land and forests. Thus the anxiety and trauma suffered by the people not only includes the more visible aspects of huma

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Alphonse, Dorien Makosso, Serge Epounda Mexan, Arcade Ange Loumbouzi Didier, and Stephen Nestaly Soukantima Freddy. "Aminatta Forna's the Memory of Love: A Chronicle of Psychological Disaster in a Post-War Context." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 04 (2023): 2487–500. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7883152.

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This paper examines the Civil War that hit Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002 and the psychological trauma that results in the consequence upon people’s psyche as contextualized in Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love. It purports to establish an intertwining between this narrative and history through the analysis of some historical events such as riots, coups, the invasion of Freetown by rebel soldiers. Thanks to the psychoanalytical approach and the New historicism, this study has enabled not only to highlight the ferocious atrocities committed by Sierra Leoneans. It has also shown ho

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Garenne, Michel. "Peace and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa: The demographic cost paid by young children during and after civil wars." International Health Trends and Perspectives 4, no. 3 (2024): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v4i3.2102.

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The study describes changing trends in child mortality in selected African countries that suffered civil wars. After an overview of political developments following independence, the study draws a contrast between countries who suffered a civil war and others having remained in peace during the same period. The war case-studies were the following: Angola 1975-2002; Mozambique 1977-1992, Rwanda 1990-1999, Burundi 1988-2005; Uganda 1971-1986; Congo-Brazza 1993-2002; Liberia 1989-2003; Sierra-Leone 1991-2002. The study focuses on the impact of destructions and dysfunctions in health systems on ch

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Dixit, Saumitra, S. D. Sharma, and Veronica Kamara. "Analysis of Sustainable Development Policies of Marampa Mining Ltd. and Understanding Their Effects on Society – Environment and Human Resources of Sierra Leone (West Africa)." Current World Environment 19, no. 3 (2025): 1447–55. https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.3.33.

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Sierra Leone, a country situated on the western side of the African continent has its own enriched history of tribes, British colonization, slave trade, Ebola virus outbreak, blood diamonds and mining. This country was under civil war for twelve long years (1991 to 2002). Due to the political turbulence the economy of the country has also suffered largely. Most of the population is still depending upon traditional unorganized agriculture. Sierra Leone is extremely rich in minerals and natural resources. In recent decades, the mining industry has risen and is handsomely contributing to the coun

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Lambourne, Wendy. "Towards Sustainable Peace and Development in Sierra Leone: Civil Society and the Peacebuilding Commission." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 4, no. 2 (2008): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2008.630221763481.

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The Sierra Leone civil war that ended in January 2002 was particularly brutal and left the country economically devastated. Four-and-a-half years later, Sierra Leone was selected as one of two countries to receive focussed attention from the newly created United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (PBC). The PBC is mandated to support post-conflict recovery and sustainable development with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society. Drawing on field research and theories of sustainable peacebuilding and the role of civil society, this paper assesses the PBC's performa

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16

Zack-Williams, Alfred B. "Sierra Leone: The political economy of civil war, 1991-98." Third World Quarterly 20, no. 1 (1999): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436599913965.

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Svärd, Proscovia. "Freedom of information laws and information access." Information Development 33, no. 2 (2016): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666916642829.

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Sierra Leone was engulfed in a destructive civil war between 1991 and 2002. The civil war was partly caused by the non-accountability of the government, endemic corruption, misrule and the mismanagement of the country’s resources. Efforts have been made by the country, with the help of the international community, to embrace a democratic dispensation. To demonstrate its commitment to the democratization agenda, Sierra Leone passed the Right to Access Information (RAI) Act in 2013. The Act guarantees access to government information and also imposes a penalty on failure to make information avai

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18

Hindowa, Batilo Momoh, and Mustapha Javombo Alhaji. "Rebuilding war-ravaged institutions: UNDP capacity strengthening of the Sierra Leone house of parliament (2007-2018)." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2022): 070–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172486.

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Post-war reconstruction and institutional rebuilding can be arduous and grueling. This is the case in countries where brutal civil conflicts completely destroyed the infrastructure of the state and its institutions, massified society, ransacked and pillaged properties, looted and plundered the economy, and created social insecurity and uncertainties. This was the state of affairs in Sierra Leone in 2002 when the civil war officially came to an end. The state institutional framework was broken, and central government had to rely on the donor community to rebuild and reconstruct the war-ravaged

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Hindowa Batilo Momoh and Alhaji Mustapha Javombo. "Rebuilding war-ravaged institutions: UNDP capacity strengthening of the Sierra Leone house of parliament (2007-2018)." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2022): 070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.12.3.0218.

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Post-war reconstruction and institutional rebuilding can be arduous and grueling. This is the case in countries where brutal civil conflicts completely destroyed the infrastructure of the state and its institutions, massified society, ransacked and pillaged properties, looted and plundered the economy, and created social insecurity and uncertainties. This was the state of affairs in Sierra Leone in 2002 when the civil war officially came to an end. The state institutional framework was broken, and central government had to rely on the donor community to rebuild and reconstruct the war-ravaged

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20

MUTSUJI, Shoji. "The Process and Prospects of Civil War in Sierra Leone, 1991-2001." Journal of African Studies 2002, no. 60 (2002): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.2002.139.

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21

Thomas Sheku Marah. "THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE MECHANISMS." Journal of Governance and Public Administration 2, no. 2 (2025): 530–41. https://doi.org/10.70248/jogapa.v2i2.1723.

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Sierra Leone’s brutal civil war (1991–2002) bequeathed a dark history of mass atrocities, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and systematic gender-based violence. Therefore, the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was created in 2002 as a hybrid international court to try the perpetrators responsible for these crimes. This research examines the framework, jurisdiction, and achievements of the SCSL as a post-conflict accountability and justice-delivering court. This study aims to critically assess the contribution of the SCSL to transitional justice by examining the prosecution of high-leve

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22

Ganson, Brian, and Herbert M’cleod. "Private sector development and the persistence of fragility in Sierra Leone." Business and Politics 21, no. 4 (2019): 602–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2019.10.

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AbstractRhetoric from both domestic and international policy actors equated foreign direct investment and robust business growth in Sierra Leone with an exit from fragility. To the contrary, the trajectory of private sector development experienced from 2002 to 2014 contributed to Sierra Leone's socio-political challenges, replicating in the contemporary period dynamics of grievance and exclusion that were root causes of the country's endemic instability and then civil war. This study challenges the practices and refines the ideas underlying the prevailing vision for business-led development in

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Pamsm-Conteh, Ishmail. "Prosecutorial Discretion at the Special Court for Sierra Leone: A Critique." International Law Research 10, no. 1 (2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v10n1p249.

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Principle 1 of the International Law Commission demands that any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible and therefore liable to punishment. This is supported by various other international treaties, obligations, and also under customary international law. The mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (The Special Court) rests with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1315(2000); to prosecute those who bear the greatest responsibility for serious international crimes committed during the country&rsquo;s civil war, which lasted fr

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Mariniello, Triestino. "Prosecutor v. Taylor." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 2 (2013): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.2.0424.

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On April 26, 2012, Trial Chamber II (Chamber) of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (Special Court or Court) in The Hague convicted former Liberian president Charles Ghankay Taylor of crimes against humanity and war crimes committed from November 30, 1996, to January 18, 2002, in the territory of Sierra Leone during its civil war. Specifically, Taylor was found guilty of the crimes against humanity of murder, rape, sexual slavery, enslavement and other inhumane acts, and the war crimes of committing acts of terror, murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment, pillage, and conscript

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Forna, Aminatta. "On Happiness." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 6, no. 03 (2019): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2019.18.

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The publication of Happiness in 2019 marked a near twenty-year immersion in narratives that dealt with notions of war and trauma, an inquiry that began with a memoir The Devil that Danced on the Water (2002), written at the time of the civil conflict in Sierra Leone, and continuing through four novels, culminating in Happiness. In The Memory of Love and through the character of British psychologist Adrian Lockheart, a trauma specialist who arrives in Sierra Leone in the wake of the conflict, I engaged most directly with conceptual notions of trauma. It is in this novel that Attila Asare, a Gha

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D’Angelo, Lorenzo. "Diamonds and development: A critical analysis of stereotypes about mineworkers in Sierra Leone." Anuac 2, no. 1 (2015): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625x-67.

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In the last decade, the Sierra Leone’s diamond mines have been the focus of an intense debate among analysts and experts of the development. Two main interrelated issues have been at stake in this debate: first, to understand the economic and political reasons that had supported the civil war from 1991 to 2002 and, second, to understand how to convert a potential “conflict commodity” in a resource for peace and prosperity. In this paper, I intend to highlight some recurring stereotypes of this debate. In particular, I will focus on a constellation of representations that depict the artisanal m

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Albrecht, Peter. "The Chiefs of Community Policing in Rural Sierra Leone." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 4 (2015): 611–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000774.

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ABSTRACTThis paper argues that when police reform in Sierra Leone was instituted to consolidate a state system after the country's civil war ended in 2002, it reproduced a hybrid order instead that is embodied by Sierra Leone's primary local leaders: paramount and lesser chiefs. In this sense, policing has a distinctly political quality to it because those who enforce order also define what order is and determine access to resources. The hybrid authority of Sierra Leone's chiefs emanates from multiple state-based and localised sources simultaneously and comes into play as policing takes place

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Morse, Stephen, and Nora McNamara. "“This Is Where We Have Scored”: Exploring the Interface between Project and Institutional Sustainability Facilitated by a Faith-Based Development Organisation in Sierra Leone." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097292.

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This paper explores the issue of project sustainability through an analysis of the experiences of a Faith-Based Development Organisation (FBDO) in Bo, Sierra Leone. The FBDO in question was approached by members of their local Catholic Women Association (CWA) to help them with the planning and management of a farm that had been donated to them by a chief. They agreed to this, and a series of workshops were held in June 2014, along with follow-up discussions with local experts and businesses as to what could be done to help support the women in their endeavour. Amongst other priorities, the wom

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Muslim Khan, M. "Civil War in Sierra Leone (West Africa) and the Role of International Community and India in Peace Building." Asian Review of Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2012.1.2.1216.

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The decade long civil war in Sierra Leone since 1991 has destroyed the whole nation and the lives of lakhs of people. Other several lakhs of people had to leave the country and become refugees. It is an example how a peaceful ordered country can plunge in to war and ruin itself. Even cannibalism and sexual atrocities were used as weapons in war. Some outside actors also played heinous role in this war. The international community led by the United Nations responded immediately to stop the war and save the lives of millions of people. In the UN peacekeeping operation, India was the largest cont

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Redwood, Henry, and Alister Wedderburn. "A cat-and-Maus game: the politics of truth and reconciliation in post-conflict comics." Review of International Studies 45, no. 04 (2019): 588–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210519000147.

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AbstractSeveral scholars have raised concerns that the institutional mechanisms through which transitional justice is commonly promoted in post-conflict societies can alienate affected populations. Practitioners have looked to bridge this gap by developing ‘outreach’ programmes, in some instances commissioning comic books in order to communicate their findings to the people they seek to serve. In this article, we interrogate the ways in which post-conflict comics produce meaning about truth, reconciliation, and the possibilities of peace, focusing in particular on a comic strip published in 20

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McGough, Fredanna M. "Locating the Informal in the Formal?" African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (2015): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341329.

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This paper explores the influences that led to the development of the Free Health Care Initiative (fhci), which requires the provision of free health services for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of five years. The paper will explore the impact of the policy on women actors as both recipients and informal providers of health care in post-war Sierra Leone. Since the end of the Sierra Leone civil war in 2002, there has been much focus on maternal and child health issues due to the staggeringly high maternal and child mortality rates, when compared to the rest of the

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Denisova, T. S., and S. V. Kostelyanets. "Warlords to Politicians: The Transformation of Rebel Leaders in Africa (on the Example of Sierra Leone)." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 3 (2020): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-3-12.

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The paper analyzes the processes of transformation of leaders of rebel movements and tribal militias (warlords) into leaders of political parties and senior government officials after the end of the Civil War (1991‑2002) in Sierra Leone. It is argued that the opportunities for an anti‑government (or, on the contrary, pro‑government) armed group to become an officially recognized political organization, and for erstwhile field commanders to become its leaders, emerge either in the event of a rebel victory or after the signing of a peace agreement (as it happened in Sierra Leone) and the beginni

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Lindsell, Jeremy A., Erik Klop, and Alhaji M. Siaka. "The impact of civil war on forest wildlife in West Africa: mammals in Gola Forest, Sierra Leone." Oryx 45, no. 1 (2011): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000347.

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AbstractHuman conflicts may sometimes benefit wildlife by depopulating wilderness areas but there is evidence from Africa that the impacts tend to be negative. The forested states of West Africa have experienced much recent human conflict but there have been no assessments of impacts on the wildlife. We conducted surveys of mammals in the 710-km2 Gola Forest reserves to assess the impact of the 1991–2001 civil war in Sierra Leone. Gola is the most important remaining tract of lowland forest in the country and a key site for the conservation of the highly threatened forests of the Upper Guinea

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Avant, Deborah, and Kara Kingma Neu. "The Private Security Events Database." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 8 (2019): 1986–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002718824394.

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Since the 1990s, the private provision of military and security services has become a common feature of local, national, and transnational politics. The prevalence of private security has generated important questions about its consequences, but data to answer these questions are sparse. In this article, we introduce the Private Security Events Database (PSED) that traces the involvement of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in events in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2012. We describe the PSED project, highlight its descriptive findings, conduct a replicat

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Marcantonio, Richard, and Agustin Fuentes. "A Clear Past and a Murky Future: Life in the Anthropocene on the Pampana River, Sierra Leone." Land 9, no. 3 (2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9030072.

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The impacts of human activities on ecosystems are significantly increasing the rate of environmental change in the earth system, reshaping the global landscape. The rapid rate of environmental change is disrupting the ability of millions of people around the globe to live their everyday lives and maintain their human niche. Evidence suggests that we have entered (or created) a new epoch, the Anthropocene, which is defined as the period in which humans and human activities are the primary drivers of planetary change. The Anthropocene denotes a global shift, but it is the collective of local pro

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Munif, Prasojo, Risman Helda, Widjayanto Joni, Winarna Agus, and Widodo Putro Resmanto. "United Nations Role in Conflict Resolution Process: Case Study in Sierra Leone 1991-2002." Journal of Social and Political Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 127–35. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.04.02.281.

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The phenomenon of international conflict that occurred after the Cold War opens the United Nations' opportunity to play a more significant role in maintaining international peace and security. UN peacekeeping operations are one form of response to the challenges that arise at this time. This operation is a multidimensional operation that includes peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding activities. The complexity of the conflict in Sierra Leone, West Africa, in the early 90s was caused by poor governance and illegal exploitation of diamonds, resulting in large numbers of civilian casua

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Archibald, Steven, and Paul Richards. "Converts to Human Rights? Popular Debate About War and justice in Rural Central Sierra Leone." Africa 72, no. 3 (2002): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2002.72.3.339.

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AbstractInternationally, war in Sierra Leone (1991–2002) is regarded as an instance of violent conflict driven by economic factors (attempts to control the mining of alluvial diamonds). Fieldwork (2000–01) in rural areas recovering from war suggests a very different picture. War victims and combatants from different factions stress the importance of political decay, corruption, injustice and the social exclusion of young people. Other studies confirm the picture. There is broadly based discussion in rural communities about how to address the injustices held to have been responsible for the war

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D'Angelo, Lorenzo. "WHO OWNS THE DIAMONDS? THE OCCULT ECO-NOMY OF DIAMOND MINING IN SIERRA LEONE." Africa 84, no. 2 (2014): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000752.

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ABSTRACTMuch of the literature on Sierra Leonean diamonds focuses on the role that this mineral resource played in the recent civil conflict (1991–2002). However, the political-economic perspective that is common to these analyses has lost sight of the main actors in this social reality. What do miners think of diamonds? Like their Malagasy colleagues engaged in the search for sapphires, the Sierra Leonean diamond miners often maintain that they do not know what diamonds could possibly be used for. What is specific to the diamond mining areas in this West African country is that suspicions and

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39

Rinck, Patricia. "Geschlechtsspezifische Ausgrenzung, Krieg und Frieden in Sierra Leone: eine feministische Perspektive auf Gewalt und Ordnung." Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 30, no. 2 (2023): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0946-7165-2023-2-38.

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Der Artikel bietet einen feministischen Beitrag zu Gewalt und Ordnung in patriarchalischen Gesellschaften und problematisiert, dass geschlechtsunsensible Analysen wichtige Formen von Gewalt übersehen und somit sowohl Ursachen als auch Dynamiken bewaffneter Konflikte nicht vollständig verstehen. Am Beispiel des Konflikts und des Peacebuildings in Sierra Leone zeige ich den Nutzen einer feministischen Perspektive auf Gewalt auf, die durch das Nachverfolgen verschiedener Formen von Gewalt im Laufe der Zeit – vor, während und nach dem Krieg (1991-2002) – Kontinuitäten geschlechtsspezifischer Gewal

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Melnychenko, N. "International legal support of post-conflict settlement (on the example of the UN practice)." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 69 (April 15, 2022): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.69.74.

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The article considers the legitimate possibilities of involving the UN in a post-conflict settlement. The history of formation of the institute of peacebuilding in the system of bodies of this organization is analyzed. Institutional and regulatory mechanisms for the application of peacekeeping operations have been identified. The peculiarities of the creation of the UN police force with the functions of monitoring the observance of the ceasefire regime in conflict zones are revealed. The definition of peacekeeping operations is described and the mechanism of their establishment by the adoption

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Harris, Rahadyan Fajar, Inaz Indra Nugroho, and Farabi Assabili. "Urgensi Penerapan Responsibility to Protect Guna Menangani Pemerkosaan Sistematik Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Internasional." Ikatan Penulis Mahasiswa Hukum Indonesia Law Journal 1, no. 2 (2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ipmhi.v1i2.53510.

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Kepenulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi penerapan prinsip Tanggung Jawab untuk melindungi (Responsibility to Protect) dalam menangani kasus pemerkosaan sistematik yang terjadi di wilayah yang sedang mengalami sengketa konflik bersenjata internasional (International armed conflict). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa pemerkosaan sistematik telah menjadi strategi peperangan selama berabad-abad dengan wanita dan anak perempu

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Mikako, Nishimuko. "The Role of Faith-based Organizations in Building Democratic Process: Achieving Universal Primary Education in Sierra Leone." April 27, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1078370.

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This paper aims to argue that religion and Faith-based Organizations (FBOs) contribute to building democratic process through the provision of education in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone experienced a civil war from 1991 to 2002 and about 70 percent of the population lives in poverty. While the government has been in the process of rebuilding the nation, many forms of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), including FBOs, have played a significant role in promoting social development. Education plays an important role in supporting people-s democratic movements through knowledge acquisition, spiritua

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Mikako, Nishimuko. "The Role of Faith-based Organizations in Building Democratic Process: Achieving Universal Primary Education in Sierra Leone." August 23, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1059571.

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This paper aims to argue that religion and Faith-based Organizations (FBOs) contribute to building democratic process through the provision of education in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone experienced a civil war from 1991 to 2002 and about 70 percent of the population lives in poverty. While the government has been in the process of rebuilding the nation, many forms of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), including FBOs, have played a significant role in promoting social development. Education plays an important role in supporting people-s democratic movements through knowledge acquisition, spiritua

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Mikako, Nishimuko. "The Role of Faith-based Organizations in Building Democratic Process: Achieving Universal Primary Education in Sierra Leone." International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences 1.0, no. 4 (2008). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1334804.

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This paper aims to argue that religion and Faith-based Organizations (FBOs) contribute to building democratic process through the provision of education in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone experienced a civil war from 1991 to 2002 and about 70 percent of the population lives in poverty. While the government has been in the process of rebuilding the nation, many forms of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), including FBOs, have played a significant role in promoting social development. Education plays an important role in supporting people-s democratic movements through knowledge acquisition, spiritua

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45

Zembe, Jolleen, Flavia Senkubuge, Tanita Botha, and Tom Achoki. "Population health trends analysis and burden of disease profile observed in Sierra Leone from 1990 to 2017." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14104-w.

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Abstract Background Sierra Leone, in West Africa, is one of the poorest developing countries in the world. Sierra Leone has experienced several recent challenges namely, a civil war from 1991 to 2002, a massive Ebola outbreak from 2014 to 2016, followed by floods and landslides in 2017.In this study, we quantified the burden of disease in Sierra Leone over a 27-year period, from 1990 to 2017. Methodology In this descriptive study, we analysed secondary data from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We quantified patterns of burden of disease, in

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Dorien Makosso, Dr Alphonse, Mexan Serge Epounda, Didier Arcade Ange Loumbouzi, and Freddy Stephen Nestaly Soukantima. "Aminatta Forna’s the Memory of Love: A Chronicle of Psychological Disaster in a Post-War Context." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 06, no. 04 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i4-64.

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This paper examines the Civil War that hit Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002 and the psychological trauma that results in the consequence upon people’s psyche as contextualized in Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love. It purports to establish an intertwining between this narrative and history through the analysis of some historical events such as riots, coups, the invasion of Freetown by rebel soldiers. Thanks to the psychoanalytical approach and the New historicism, this study has enabled not only to highlight the ferocious atrocities committed by Sierra Leoneans. It has also shown how escapees o

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Nmoma, Veronica. "The Sierra Leone conflict: The Plight of Refugees and the Displaced." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, June 1, 1997, 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.21916.

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As a result of the Liberian civil war, Sierra Leone became simultaneously a major generator and receiver of refugees. Charles Taylor and his National Patriotic front of Liberia, along with Sierra Leone's Fodiy Sankoh's Revolutionary United Front (RUF) incursion into Sierra Leone in March 1991, had a profound impact resulting in at least 10,000 casualties, about a million internally displaced peoples and some 300,000 refugees in neighbouring states. This paper argues that the RUF objective was unclear all along, as it lacked ideology and that, even now, it has yet to put forward a coherent prog

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Yu, Yi, and Michael Wyness. "Sierra Leone and Peace Education: A Case Study of Transportation Poverty in the Aftermath of Civil War." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, December 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15423166231211909.

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Unequal access to education and employment inequalities were major issues that led to the Sierra Leone civil war from 1991 to 2002. Many educational practices were introduced to the country in the direct aftermath of the war to bring more positive changes such as education opportunities and reconciliation. However, by using the social constructionist approach in our analysis, we found that infrastructural issues were neglected by researchers and practitioners which had a long-term negative effect on local residents. In particular, transportation poverty became a major issue in preventing the d

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Jiménez-Zumalde, Irene. "Bringing local perspective into peacebuilding. The case of Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission." Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo = Iberoamerican journal of development studies, January 30, 2025, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.10713.

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After going through an eleven yearlong violent civil war, Sierra Leone started its peacebuilding process in 2002. This operation has been considered a successful one. In the paper, I focus on one of its instruments: the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (SLTRC). This body promoted truth telling to establish accountability and to know the needs in society. The aim was to determine to which extent it incorporated the local perspective. To this end, different ways of incorporating the local perspective have been used. At the same time, I also looked at its gender approach, where bo

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Sinnah, Mary, Anna Jammeh, Solomon Sogbeh, Amara Sheriff, Eric Ikoona, and Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru. "Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders and Predictors of Substance Use Disorders among Hospitalized Patients at the Sierra Leone Psychiatric Teaching Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2020-2023." Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health, February 17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.supp.2025.8.1.13.7.

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Introduction: Sierra Leone has one of the highest rates of mental health disorders (MHDs) in Africa, affecting an estimated 15% of the population. The 1991-2002 civil war, 2014/2015 Ebola outbreak, 2017 mudslide, and COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the burden of MHDs in Sierra Leone. Despite this, limited data exists on the burden and predictors of MHDs, particularly substance use disorders (SUDs). This study aimed to determine the burden of MHDs and predictors of SUDs among hospitalized patients at the Sierra Leone Psychiatry Teaching Hospital (SLPTH). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectio

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