Academic literature on the topic 'Clay compaction'

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Journal articles on the topic "Clay compaction"

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Gong, Fei, Bangrang Di, Lianbo Zeng, Jianxin Wei, Jiwei Cheng, and Liangliang Gao. "The elastic properties and anisotropy of artificial compacted clay samples." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 1 (2021): MR1—MR15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0608.1.

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Clay minerals are a major component of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks, and they are known to play important roles in the physical and elastic properties of rocks. However, it is difficult to directly measure these properties of single-crystal clays due to their small particle size. Therefore, we have constructed three sets of artificial clay samples with different compaction stresses to investigate the effect of the compaction stress and clay mineralogy on their elastic properties and anisotropy. All of the dry samples are measured by the pulse-transmission method. The results indicate that the c
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de Freitas Neto, Osvaldo, Olavo Francisco dos Santos Jr., Fagner Alexandre Nunes de França, and Ricardo Nascimento Flores Severo. "Influence of Compaction Energy and Bentonite Clay Content in the Soil Hydraulic Conductivity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.858.

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This paper intends to evaluate changes in permeability of a soil sample from Formação Barreiras, in Natal, the capital city of Rio Grande do Norte State, related to the degree of compaction and the adding of clay to the soil sample. In field works, samples were collected and permeability and density tests were performed. In laboratory, grain size distribution, Attemberg limits and particle density tests were conducted. Afterwards, compaction and permeability tests fulfilled the set of laboratory tests, with changes in compactive energy and sample clay content. The results from field and labo
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Grocholski, Brent. "Clay-driven compaction." Science 372, no. 6539 (2021): 251.4–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6539.251-d.

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Voltolini, Marco, Hans-Rudolf Wenk, Nazmul Haque Mondol, Knut Bjørlykke, and Jens Jahren. "Anisotropy of experimentally compressed kaolinite-illite-quartz mixtures." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 1 (2009): D13—D23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3002557.

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The anisotropy of physical properties is a well-known characteristic of many clay-bearing rocks. This anisotropy has important implications for elastic properties of rocks and must be considered in seismic modeling. Preferred orientation of clay minerals is an important factor causing anisotropy in clay-bearing rocks such as shales and mudstones that are the main cap rocks of oil reservoirs. The preferred orientation of clays depends mostly on the amount of clays and the degree of compaction. To study the effect of these parameters, we prepared several samples compressing (at two effective ver
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Masujima, T., Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, G. L. Ye, and J. Leng. "A new method for rapid preparing high-strength saturated clay samples in large-scale model tests." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1330, no. 1 (2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1330/1/012029.

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Abstract The preparation of high-strength saturated clay samples for large-scale model tests presents a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering. The slurry consolidation method has been conventionally employed to prepare saturated clay, despite its time-consuming and labor-intensive nature. Therefore, this study proposes a rapid preparation technique for clayey soils utilizing the dynamic compaction method, enabling the facile preparation of saturated clay samples by compacting the soils from an unsaturated state. During compaction, the void ratio decreases, thereby increasing the de
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Ponomaryov, Andrey, and Evgenia Sychkina. "Effect of clay compaction around driven pile and prediction of pile settlement." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236302016.

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In the article the problem of geotechnical application of clay nd claystone as a base of driven pile foundations has been considered. When using these foundations, a compaction zone is formed in the clay space around the pile. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of compaction zones on the results of analytical and numerical calculations for predicting the settlement of a driven pile in layered clay soils. The following tasks were solved: 1) The existing investigations of pile settlement in layered clay soils were analyzed; 2) The characteristics of experimental sites and t
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Lakho, Nawab Ali, Muhammad Auchar Zardari, and Naeem Aziz Memon. "Reduction of Cracking and Shrinkage in Compressed Clay Beams during Drying." July 2016 35, no. 3 (2016): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1603.09.

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Uncontrolled evaporation of moisture from compressed clay beams can cause surface cracks, resulting in reduction of strength. This paper presents various treatments applied to clay beams during the process of casting, compacting and drying in order to curtail the possibility of cracking and to decrease percentage of drying shrinkage. Following treatments were applied to the beams during casting and drying: (i) a steel plate and double layer of plastic sheet was provided between the beam and the plank, (ii) the beam was enveloped with a propylene fabric sheet during casting and (iii) beams were
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Tarantino, A., and E. De Col. "Compaction behaviour of clay." Géotechnique 58, no. 3 (2008): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2008.58.3.199.

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Cabot, Louis, and Jean-Pierre Le Bihan. "Quelques propriétés d'une argile sur la « ligne optimale de compactage »." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 6 (1993): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-100.

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This paper deals with the evolution of the texture of the clay during compaction and with the importance of maintaining a close correlation between the degree of compaction and the water content to obtain a sealed fill with a homogeneous texture. The results of laboratory tests show the orderly evolution of some physical and mechanical properties of the compacted clay along this optimal correlation of compaction. Finally, the results of the control tests on the clay of the core of Kompienga dam compacted according to these specifications are presented. Key words : compacted clay, texture, macr
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Owusu-Sekyere, Ernest, and Ying Chen. "The Effect of Varying Compaction Levels on Soil Dynamic Properties and the Growth of Canola (Brassica napus L.)." Agriculture 14, no. 11 (2024): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111976.

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Extremely low field emergence rates for canola are primarily attributed to soil compaction from field traffic during and after planting. This study aimed to determine the critical compaction level for canola emergence across different soil types. A laboratory experiment was conducted using sandy loam, silt clay, and clay soils, compacted to five levels (zero to four) using Proctor hammer drops after sowing canola (Brassica napus L.). The lab results were validated through two years of field experiments in sandy loam, applying four compaction levels (zero to three) using a tractor. Soil propert
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clay compaction"

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Catana, M. Cevat. "Compaction and water retention characteristics of Champlain sea clay." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27337.

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Several engineering structures for geotechnical engineering applications are constructed using compacted fine-grained soils (i.e., dams, road embankments, pavements, canals, and waste containment structures such as soil covers and liners). The compacted fine-grained soils are typically in a state of unsaturated condition and plastic in nature. There is a growing interest in recent years to apply the mechanics of unsaturated soils in the design of geotechnical structures constructed with compacted fine-grained soils. The soil-water retention curve (SWRC) is being used as a key tool in extending
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Duval, Jean. "Assessing porosity characteristics as indicators of compaction in a clay soil." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59275.

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Persistent soil compaction by heavy-axle-load vehicles is a growing concern for the long-term productivity of clay soils. For optimum soil management, however, we must be able to evaluate adequately soil structural damages. This study compares different methods of assessing soil structure as affected by compaction and subsoiling treatments in a clay soil under corn production.<br>The tests used were: total porosity as calculated from densimeter readings and from soil cores; structural porosity; water desorption characteristics; and soil profile examination. These tests were performed in three
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Okiongbo, Kenneth Samuel. "Volumetrics of petroleum generation and compaction of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417523.

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Andras, Peter. "The role of clay mineral diagenesis in overpressure generation and compaction of siliciclastic mudstones." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12531/.

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Clay mineral diagenesis has a considerable effect on the physical properties of siliciclastic mudstones, with important implications for pore pressure prediction. The dominant clay mineral reaction, the conversion of smectite to illite, involves a series of dissolution and reprecipitation reactions which results in a significant change in the orientation of the clay mineral fabric. Unloading is a direct result of clay mineral diagenesis and concomitant fabric destabilisation, due to the local transfer of load from dissolving detrital clay grains to fluid. Pore pressure is then a function of th
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Lokre, Chinmay Vivekananda. "Effect of Density, Initial Water Content, Drying Temperature, Layer Thickness, and Plasticity Characteristics on Shrinkage Crack Development in Clay Soils: An Experimental Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1557423451910154.

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Tilgen, Huseyin Pars. "Relationship Between Suction And Shear Strength Parameters Of Compacted Metu Campus Clay." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1300425/index.pdf.

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In this study, the relationship between soil suction and shear strength parameters of compacted METU campus clay were investigated at different moisture contents. Soil samples were tested at optimum moisture content (i.e. w=20.8%), at dry side of optimum moisture content (i.e. w=14.8%, 16.8%, 18.8%) and at wet side of optimum moisture content (i.e. w=22.8%, 24.8%, 26.8%). Direct shear tests were performed to measure shear strength parameters (c&#039<br>, &amp<br>#934<br>&#039<br>) and soil suctions were measured by filter paper method after direct shear tests. These relationships were also inv
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NAKANO, MASAKI, AKIRA ASAOKA, and TOSHIHIRO NODA. "SOIL-WATER COUPLED FINITE DEFORMATION ANALYSIS BASED ON A RATE-TYPE EQUATION OF MOTION INCORPORATING THE SYS CAM-CLAY MODEL." 地盤工学会, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20062.

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Ali, Hatim F. A. "Assessment of lime-treated clays under different environmental conditions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18313.

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Natural soils in work-sites are sometimes detrimental to the construction of engineering projects. Problematic soils such as soft and expansive soils are a real source of concern to the long-term stability of structures if care is not taken. Expansive soils could generate immense distress due to their volume change in response to a slight change in their water content. On the other hand, soft soils are characterised by their low shear strength and poor workability. In earthwork, replacing these soils is sometimes economically and sustainably unjustifiable in particular if they can be stabilise
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TAKAGI, Kenji, 光夫 野津, Mitsuo NOZU та ін. "水~土連成計算を用いた砂杭拡径による砂地盤の締固めメカニズムの一考察". 土木学会, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8642.

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Ltifi, Mounir. "Étude expérimentale du vieillissement d'un sol argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL103N.

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Dans le cadre de l'étude du vieillissement d'un sol fin au laboratoire, nous avons réalisé des essais classiques de cisaillement, à l’oedomètre et de perméabilité, sur des échantillons du limon de Xeuilley. L’effet du temps a été considéré à deux niveaux : d'une part, le temps de vieillissement après compactage à teneur en eau constante et le temps de vieillissement durant la consolidation. Les essais de cisaillement non consolidés non drainés ont été réalisés sur des échantillons préparés à des teneurs en eau différentes. Ils ont montré une augmentation de la résistance au cisaillement non dr
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Books on the topic "Clay compaction"

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Shebl, Maher Abdel-Aal. Effect of compaction technique on the diffusion characteristics in clay liners. 1990.

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Gautray, Jean Nicolas François-Xavier. Influence of Smear and Compaction Zones on the Performance of Stone Columns in Lacustrine Clay. vdf Hochschulverlag ETH Zurich, 2019.

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Gautray, Jean Nicolas François-Xavier. Influence of Smear and Compaction Zones on the Performance of Stone Columns in Lacustrine Clay. vdf Hochschulverlag ETH Zurich, 2019.

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Hall, Roger. Soil Essentials. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095632.

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Soil Essentials is a practical reference for farmers and land managers covering soil issues commonly encountered at the farm level. Written in a straightforward style, it explains the principles of soil management and the interpretation of soil tests, and how to use this information to address long-term soil and enterprise viability.&#x0D; This book demonstrates how minerals, trace elements, organic matter, soil organisms and fertilisers affect soil, plant and animal health. It shows how to recognise soil decline, and how to repair soils affected by nutrient imbalances, depleted soil microbiol
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Book chapters on the topic "Clay compaction"

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Chetia, Malaya, Manash P. Baruah, and Asuri Sridharan. "Effect of Quarry Dust on Compaction Characteristics of Clay." In Contemporary Issues in Geoenvironmental Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61612-4_7.

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Hu, Chao, Jiru Zhang, Xiaoqiang Gu, and Kai Xu. "The Compaction Properties of Construction Waste Slag-Clay Mixtures." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Transportation Geotechnics and Pavement Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0011-0_46.

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Yogeshraj Urs, C., and H. S. Prasanna. "Parametric Study on Compaction Characteristics of Clay Sand Mixtures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6513-5_12.

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Jyothi, D. N., H. S. Prasanna, B. V. Vidya, and B. S. Pooja. "Compaction Characteristics of China Clay–Bentonite–Sand Mix Proportions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3383-6_12.

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Wang, Jianye, Andrew Sadler, Paul Hughes, and Charles Augarde. "Compaction Characteristics and Shrinkage Properties of Fibre Reinforced London Clay." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_192.

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O’Brien, Neal R., and Roger M. Slatt. "Formation of Shale by Compaction of Flocculated Clay--A Model." In Argillaceous Rock Atlas. Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3422-7_7.

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Lu, Yang, Sihong Liu, Meng Yang, and Yonggan Zhang. "Compaction Behavior of Clay-Gravel Mixtures Under Normal and Low Temperature." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97115-5_107.

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Sivapriya, S. V. "Compaction Characteristics of Modified Clay Soils with Various Proportions of Crumb Rubber." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5101-7_18.

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Lee, F. H., A. Juneja, T. S. Tan, K. Y. Yong, and Y. W. Ng. "Excess pore pressure due to sand compaction pile installation in soft clay." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743362-173.

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Shaikh, Nafisa D. "Effect of Kaolinite Clay and Different Sand Gradation Mixture on Compaction Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6444-8_45.

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Conference papers on the topic "Clay compaction"

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Grigoryan, Alexander, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, Simcha Stroes-Gascoyne, et al. "Baseline Distribution and Diversity of MIC-Relevant Microorganisms in Compacted Bentonites after Incubation for 1 Year." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15020.

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Abstract The Materials Corrosion Test (MaCoTe) project at the Grimsel Test Site (Switzerland) is being used to provide experimental data for modeling the effect of the bentonite buffer on microbially-influenced corrosion (MIC) in deep geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel. Using culture-based and molecular culture-independent methods, we evaluated bacterial characteristics in bentonites compacted to bulk densities of 1.25 g/cm3 and 1.5 g/cm3 after one-year in-situ incubation in MaCoTe borehole modules. Abundance of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the uncompacted MX-80 bentonit
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Milodowski, Antoni E., Michael T. Styles, Lars Werme, and Virginia M. Oversby. "The Corrosion of More than 176 Million Year Old Native Copper Plates from a Deposit in Mudstone in South Devon; United Kingdom." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03681.

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Abstract Copper is the selected material for the corrosion barrier in the canister for encapsulation of spent nuclear fuel from the Swedish power reactors. These canisters will be buried in a deep geological repository in granitic rock at a depth of 400 to 700 m. At these depths, the groundwater will be reducing and copper will be immune to corrosion in the absence of dissolved sulphides. Under these conditions the spent fuel canisters are expected to meet with a very high margin SKB’s design goal of 100 000 years. Extrapolations of short-term experimental data to such long times will always h
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Rodriguez-Pomajulca, Jhon Henry, Juan Carlos Bautista-Laruta, Neicer Campos Vasquez, and Ruben Kevin Manturano-Chipana. "Optimum Collapsible Clay Soil Compaction Methods - 2021." In 2nd LACCEI International Multiconference on Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development (LEIRD 2022): “Exponential Technologies and Global Challenges: Moving toward a new culture of entrepreneurship and innovation for sustainable development”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/leird2022.1.1.94.

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Ellithy, G. S., and M. A. Gabr. "Compaction Moisture Effect on Geomembrane/Clay Interface Shear Strength." In Geo-Denver 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40515(291)2.

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Andras, P., A. C. Aplin, N. R. Goulty, C. Sargent, A. Derkowski, and B. A. van der Pluijm. "Clay Mineral Transformations and Associated Compaction of Siliciclastic Mudstones." In Fifth EAGE Shale Workshop. EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600396.

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Zou, J., A. C. Pierre, and J. Whiting. "Compaction Behaviour Of A Clay-Fe-Water Tailings Sludge Model." In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/91-118.

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Pandey, Krishna Murari, Guttikonda Manohar, and Saikat Ranjan Maity. "Effect of China Clay on Mechanical Properties of AA7075/B4C Hybrid Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Techniques." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24418.

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Abstract Composite materials are very predominant in the areas of industrial applications, aerospace and defense sectors. Aluminium metal matrix composites are main targeted materials by many researchers because of its low density, high strength, corrosion resistance and economical that makes material suitable for aerospace and automobile sectors. In this work effect of china clay volume fraction on mechanical properties of AA7075/B4C composite was investigated. Effect of china clay volume fraction on mechanical properties was analyzed with the help of results obtained by XRD, tensile, compres
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Grande, L., E. Skurtveit, J. C. Choi, N. H. Mondol, N. H. Mondol, and N. Thompson. "Consolidation Behaviors of Clays, Mudstones and Shales -CO2 Storage Sites in Horda Platform, Offshore Norway." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0457.

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ABSTRACT: Clays, mudstones and shales above CO2 storage reservoirs are all together defining the top seal. In this paper, we evaluate the constrained modulus (M) and permeability (k) of clay sediments, mudstones and shales from the Horda Platform area, offshore Norway, where the CO2 storage sites Aurora, Smeaheia and Luna are located. We utilize a dataset of uniaxial strain tests in depth range 0-2.6 km including Quaternary clays from geotechnical site investigations (depth &amp;lt;220m), three mudstones (depth ca 1.1-1.4km) and one deep shale (depth ca 2.6km) and combine with the larger NGI d
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Tang, Qiang, Takeshi Katsumi, Toru Inui, Atsushi Takai, and Zhenze Li. "Influence of Compaction Degree on Membrane Behavior of Compacted Clay Amended with Bentonite." In Geo-Congress 2014. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.184.

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Oka, Fusao, and Sayuri Kimoto. "An Elasto-Viscoplastic Model for Clay Considering Destructuralization and Prediction of Compaction Bands." In First Japan-U.S. Workshop on Testing, Modeling, and Simulation. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40797(172)3.

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Reports on the topic "Clay compaction"

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Tehrani, Fariborz M., Kenneth L. Fishman, and Farmehr M. Dehkordi. Extending the Service-Life of Bridges using Sustainable and Resilient Abutment Systems: An Experimental Approach to Electrochemical Characterization of Lightweight Mechanically Stabilized Earth. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2225.

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Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure. This research addresses the need to extend the service life of bridges by improving the safety and reliability of bridge abutments and reducing their life-cycle cost and footprints. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is a known strategy to enhance the economy and performance of bridge abutments. In addition, the application of rotary-kiln-manufactured lightweight aggregate backfills improves the performance of MSE bridge abutments with a leaner structural system. Such improvements include a reduction of structural demands due t
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Zand, Benjamin. PR-218-104509-R02 Field Validation of Surface Loading Stress Calculations for Buried Pipelines Milestone 2. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011477.

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In this work, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) equation for prediction of hoop stress in a buried pipeline was validated using the Milestone 1 experimental data. The Milestone 1 testing program included a 24-inch outside diameter (OD), 0.25-inch wall thickness (WT) pipe specimen in sand (24-inch Sand); a 12.75-inch OD, 0.5-inch WT pipe specimen in clay (12-inch Packed Clay); and a 24-inch OD, 0.25-inch WT pipe specimen in clay (24-inch Dumped Clay). Two different depths of cover (DOC) values of 2 and 3 feet were used in the testing and the test specimens were crossed by a variet
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A. B. PEIKRISHIVILI and ET AL. EXPLOSIVE COMPACTION OF CLAD GRAPHITE POWDERS AND OBTAINING OF COATINGS ON THEIR BASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768177.

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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phen
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identif
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