Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cocoa exports

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cocoa exports'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cocoa exports"

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Trisanti Saragih, Maria, Harianto Harianto, and Heny Kuswanti. "Pengaruh Penerapan Bea Keluar Biji Kakao Terhadap Daya Saing Serta Ekspor Produk Kakao Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama." Forum Agribisnis 11, no. 2 (2021): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.11.2.133-152.

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The development of Indonesia's cocoa beans before the export duty policy shows that almost 90 per cent of cocoa beans exports were exported from total production, therefore makes Indonesia as known as one of the biggest cocoa beans exporters in the world. Cocoa exports to destination countries cause the domestic stock of raw materials for cocoa beans Domestic stock has decreased. Afterwards, the Indonesian government implemented a cocoa bean export duty policy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of export duties policy for the competitiveness and exports of Indonesian cocoa products to
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Agung Prasetyo and Mahananto. "PENGARUH VOLATILITAS HARGA COCOA DUNIA TERHADAP EKSPOR COCOA INDONESIA." JURNAL ILMIAH AGRINECA 20, no. 1 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36728/afp.v20i1.993.

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Cocoa was one of the commodities, which are crucial to the economy of Indonesia. Cocoaserve as a source of income, driving the development of the region, a provider of employment and agro-industry and foreign exchange earnings, The purpose of this study to analyze the influence of the world cocoa price volatility against Indonesian cocoa exports. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) to analyze the data. The time interval used was 2013-2017 with monthly data. The results showed that independent variables such as world cocoa prices, consumption and world stocks of cocoa have a significan
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Abukari, Alhassan, and Tan Cunfeng. "The Export Competitiveness of Ghana’s Cocoa Industry in West Africa." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 3 (2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n3p80.

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Ghana in the year 1911 became the world’s largest exporter of cocoa. However, cocoa export in Ghana nearly came to standstill in the 1970s as a result of the outbreak of swollen shoot disease of cocoa. Ghana since then has not been able to rejuvenate its cocoa export as expected. The years 1999 to 2018 have witnessed a downward trend in the export of cocoa in Ghana. This raises questions of whether the phrase “Ghana is cocoa, and cocoa is Ghana” is still valid. The study attempts to analyze the competitiveness of Ghana’s cocoa sector vis-à-vis
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Nisa, Dwi Putri Jeng Ivo Nurun, and Ernoiz Antriyandarti. "The Determinant of Indonesian Cocoa Export Growth to the Main Export Destination Countries." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika 9, no. 4 (2023): 1035–44. https://doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v9i4.27232.

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Indonesia remains the sixth largest cocoa producer globally, with exports predominantly comprising cocoa beans (60%). As global cocoa demand and consumption increase, it is imperative that leading cocoa-producing countries, including Indonesia, capitalize on this trend. To facilitate informed future decisions, Indonesia must identify the key drivers of growth for its cocoa bean exports. This study analyses the factors influencing the growth of Indonesia's cocoa bean exports to five key export destinations, namely Malaysia, America, India, China, and the Netherlands, using panel data analysis.
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Nuraini, Candra, Aldianti Nurwansyah, and Dwi Apriyani. "Daya Saing Ekspor Lemak Kakao Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional." Forum Agribisnis 14, no. 1 (2024): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.14.1.50-58.

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International trade can be defined as trade transaction activities, carried out by citizens of a country and foreign nationals based on mutual agreement. Cocoa is one of the leading commodities struggling for export. Indonesian cocoa exports have changed in composition, cocoa butter contributes the largest export when compared to exports of other Indonesian processed cocoa products. The increasing world cocoa consumption will be an opportunity for Indonesia to increase cocoa butter exports. This study aims to: (1) Analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa butter exports in the internatio
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Meidrieswida, Adrine Gladia. "Pengaruh Jumlah Produksi Kakao, Harga Kakao Dunia, Nilai Tukar, dan Harga Ekspor Kakao terhadap Ekspor Kakao di Indonesia." Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan 1, no. 2 (2024): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v1i2.416.

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This study aims to analyze the development of cocoa commodity exports in Indonesia. This study uses time series data from 2002 to 2016 and processed using SPSS. The independent variables in this study are the Total Cocoa Production, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices with the dependent variable namely Indonesian Cocoa Exports. Simultaneous test results show that Cocoa Production Amount, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices simultaneously have a significant effect on Cocoa Exports in Indonesia. While the partial test results indicate that the vari
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Meidrieswida, Adrine Gladia. "EFFECT OF NUMBER OF COCOA PRODUCTION, WORLD COCOA PRICE, EXCHANGE RATE, AND COCOA EXPORT PRICES ON COCOA EXPORTS IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan 1, no. 2 (2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v1i2.73.

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This study aims to analyze the development of cocoa commodity exports in Indonesia. This study uses time series data from 2002 to 2016 and processed using SPSS. The independent variables in this study are the Total Cocoa Production, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices with the dependent variable namely Indonesian Cocoa Exports. Simultaneous test results show that Cocoa Production Amount, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices simultaneously have a significant effect on Cocoa Exports in Indonesia. While the partial test results indicate that the vari
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Prasetyo, A., Suswadi, and A. F. Aziez. "Deteminant factors to improve Indonesian cocoa performance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012073.

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Abstract Encouraging the growth of Indonesia’s agricultural sector is important for improving the export performance of Indonesia’s leading commodities. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the IDR exchange rate and the shock of the determinants of cocoa exports on the growth of Indonesian cocoa exports. The research was conducted using time series data from 1969-2017. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The analysis showed that the data is stationary at the first difference. The causality test shows that cocoa production, IDR exchange rate, GDP affect
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Rheavanya, Sabrina Izzah, M. Taufiq, and Anisa Fitria Utami. "Analysis of the Impact of Export Duty Policy, Total Production of Cocoa Beans, and Imports of Cocoa Beans on Cocoa Butter Exports in Indonesia." International Journal of Economics (IJEC) 3, no. 2 (2024): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/ijec.v3i2.880.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of export duty policies, the amount of cocoa bean production and imports of cocoa beans on the volume of cocoa butter exports in the short and long term. This research uses a descriptive approach with quantitative methods, the focus is testing theories using number-based analysis and statistical analysis. The data used is a time series from 1993 to 2022. In this research, the model used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The ECM method aims to identify the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable in both the short a
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Andriani, Devi, and Mutiah Septiani Tanjung. "KEY FACTORS ANALYSIS IN OPTIMIZING INDONESIAN COCOA EXPORTS." Proceedings of International Conference on Finance Economics and Business (ICOFEB) 1 (December 30, 2023): 0020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/icofeb.v1i-.595.

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Cocoa is one of Indonesia's essential export commodities and is the highest foreign exchange contributor in the plantation sector. Increasing export performance is crucial because it reflects increased competitiveness and the business sector. The increase in cocoa exports is ideally supported by increased domestic cocoa production. However, an increase in cocoa production is not necessarily meaningful if other factors, such as inflation and exchange rate stability, do not complement it. However, inflation and exchange rates in Indonesia are highly volatile. This study aims to analyze the role
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cocoa exports"

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Gadbois, Millie A. "The effects of exchange rate variability and export instability on selected exports from sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360730.

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Che, Loveline. "Cameroon's export performance : the role of infrastructure, output activity and export prices on Cameroon's cocoa and coffee exports." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5770.

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Njinyah, Sam Zisuh. "A critical examination of the direct and indirect effects of government policies on export promotion on the export performance of small and medium size (SME) cocoa exporters in Cameroon." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2017. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/780/.

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The research examines the effectiveness of the Cameroonian government policies for export promotion on export performance of SMEs in Cocoa production in the South West and Centre Regions of the Cameroon which are the major production centres. The theoretical contribution of the research is divided into two parts. The first consists of the robustness of existing theory using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model. The second constructs a structural equation model (SEM) based on the testing of the CFA model to test the effectiveness of government policies for export promotion on export perform
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Atapattu, Nihal K. "Stabilizing export revenue through futures markets: an application to cocoa exporting countries." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41568.

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<p>Many developing countries that rely heavily on primary commodity exports to provide a major portion of their exchange revenues confront large variability in their incomes. This has been a factor of major concern to the developing countries as revenue instability is considered to deter development as well as affect the welfare of those engaged in production of such commodities. Producing countries have adopted several programs and policies that attempt to lessen the price and revenue instabilities, or to raise export receipts. These attempts based on various commodity agreements have
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Effio, Yauri Evelyn Rosa, and Palma Rodrigo Alvarez. "Factores que influyeron en la exportación de granilla de cacao para el mercado Sur Coreano en los años 2013 - 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/639522.

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La investigación realizada busca dar a conocer los factores que influyeron a las exportaciones de la granilla de cacao a Corea del Sur durante los años 2013-2017. En el primer capítulo se expone los aspectos relacionados con las oportunidades del mercado en cuanto a tendencias y también relacionadas al producto por sus características y beneficios; mencionamos la definición, origen, variedades, especificaciones y proceso de producción de la granilla de cacao para su exportación y conceptos relacionados con los superfoods. Además, se investigó sobre el mercado objetivo Corea del sur, sus carac
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Lizarbe, López Mayra Sofia, and Jimenez Karina Gabriela Sandoval. "Efectos de la implementación de medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias en la exportación del grano de cacao a Países Bajos en el marco del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Perú y la Unión Europea, durante el periodo 2009 y 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653376.

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El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la implementación de medidas sanitarias en las exportaciones del grano de cacao hacia Países bajos, según el acuerdo comercial vigente entre Perú – Unión Europea, durante el periodo 2009 - 2019. Se resaltan aspectos como, la importancia del cumplimiento de los estándares establecidos por las instituciones autorizadas para la exportación de cacao. Dentro de los aspectos metodológicos el enfoque usado fue mixto, es decir cualitativo y cuantitativo. De acuerdo con el enfoque cualitativo, se seleccionaron para la muestra seis actores
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Hove, Richard Andrew von Tersch Eric John. "CoCom and the future of conventional arms exports in the former Communist bloc /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA277477.

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Hove, Richard Andrew, and Tersch Eric John von. "CoCom and the future of conventional arms exports in the former Communist bloc." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39693.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>This thesis describes the realities of the military industry in the key countries of the former Communist Bloc (FCB) and their perspective on the role that military exports plays in their political and economic structures. Furthermore, the thesis asserts
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Noehrenberg, Eric H. "Multilateral export controls and international regime theory : the effectiveness of COCOM /." Sinzheim : Pro Universitate verl, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37498039v.

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Lucca, Juliane. "Achados ultrassonogr?ficos no c?rebro de rec?m-nascidos expostos ao crack durante a gesta??o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1392.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438709.pdf: 591072 bytes, checksum: 3c80d14d6ec2996c19fdb76174f0ad41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-27<br>Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, type, and severity of cerebral lesions detected by transfontanellar ultrasonography in newborns exposed to crack during gestation.Materials and methods : This was a retrospective study, involving a review of the medical records of children born to crack-using mothers who were subjected to transfontanellar ultrasonography during their fi
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Books on the topic "Cocoa exports"

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Contreras, Carlos. El sector exportador de una economía colonial: La costa del Ecuador entre 1760 y 1820. Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1990.

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Panagariya, Arvind. Taxes versus quotas: The case of cocoa exports. Country Economics Dept., World Bank, 1991.

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Ade, Olomola, ed. Prospects for increased value added in Nigeria cocoa exports. Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1993.

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Observatoire du changement et de l'innovation sociale au Cameroun., ed. Evaluation de l'opération paiements directs des fonds Stabex 90 aux planteurs de café et cacao au Cameroun: Contrat d'assistance technique, étude impact Stabex 90. ORSTOM, 1994.

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Observatoire du changement et de l'innovation sociale au Cameroun., ed. Deuxième rapport d'étape de l'evaluation de l'opération paiements directs des fonds Stabex 90 aux planteurs de café et cacao au Cameroun. ORSTOM, 1994.

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Siegel, Paul. Export commodity production and broad-based rural development: Coffee and cocoa in the Dominican Republic. World Bank, 2004.

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Okyere, W. Asenso. The effects of domestic policies on exportable primary commodities: The case of Ghana and cocoa. Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1989.

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Kofi, Tetteh A. Structural adjustment in Africa: A performance review of World Bank policies under uncertainty in commodity price trends : the case of Ghana. UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1994.

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Kofi, Tetteh A. Structural adjustment in Africa: A performance review of the World Bank policies under Uncertainty in commodity price trends : the case of Ghana. World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University, 1994.

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Scheu, J. J. Cases in international cocoa marketing. International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cocoa exports"

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Molina Martínez, Rubén, and María Fernanda Ramos Martínez. "Determinants That Influenced Mexican Cocoa Beans Exports During 1996–2016." In Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36126-6_101.

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Olwig, Mette Fog, Richard Asare, Philippe Vaast, and Aske Skovmand Bosselmann. "Can Agroforestry Provide a Future for Cocoa? Implications for Policy and Practice." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_6.

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AbstractClimate change is threatening cocoa production in Ghana, the world’s second largest cocoa exporter. Yet, as we have shown in this book, the impacts of climate change must be understood in the context of the multiple socioeconomic and biophysical pressures facing cocoa farmers, including the conversion of farms for other land uses, increasing hired labor costs as well as pests and diseases. This final chapter summarizes the book’s overall findings on cocoa agroforestry as climate change adaption and points to ways forward in terms of policy, practice and research. Our findings suggest t
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Mensah, Eric Opoku, Philippe Vaast, Richard Asare, et al. "Cocoa Under Heat and Drought Stress." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_2.

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AbstractCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important cash crop in many tropical countries, particularly in West Africa. Heat and drought are both known to affect the physiology of cocoa plants through reduced rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as changed physiological processes such as the functions of photosystems, chlorophyll synthesis, stomatal conductance and expression of heat-shock proteins. This in turn leads to decreased yields and increased risks of mortality under severe heat and drought. To help cocoa plants adapt to climate change, the literature suggests agroforestry
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Yudyanto, Hendy, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. "Analysis of the Imposition of Export Tax on Indonesian Cocoa Beans: Impact on the Processed Cocoa Export in Indonesia and Malaysia." In Globalization, Productivity and Production Networks in ASEAN. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16510-9_7.

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Seppain, Hélène. "CoCom and US Export Control Policy after 1953." In Contrasting US and German Attitudes to Soviet Trade, 1917–91. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12602-6_7.

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Muhamad, Siti Nor Nadrah, Izleen Ibrahim, Nordianah Jusoh@Hussain, Siti Hannariah Mansor, and Wan Juliyana Wan Ibrahim. "Modeling Relationship Between Cocoa Beans Commodity Export Volatility and Stock Market Index (KLCI)." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 – Volume 2. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_64.

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Liu, Yi. "The Icebreakers Group and COCOM Export Regulation Policy in the 1950s." In The Palgrave Handbook of Non-State Actors in East-West Relations. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05750-2_68-1.

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Liu, Yi. "The Icebreakers Group and COCOM Export Regulation Policy in the 1950s." In The Palgrave Handbook of Non-State Actors in East-West Relations. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40546-4_68.

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Mastanduno, Michael. "CoCom and American Export Control Policy: The Experience of the Reagan Administration." In East-West Trade and the Atlantic Alliance. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21049-7_9.

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Wetzel, Deborah. "Ghana’s Management of a Temporary Windfall: The Cocoa Boom of 1976-77." In Trade Shocks in Developing Countries. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198293385.003.0003.

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Abstract The production and export of cocoa has been an integral part of the Ghanaian economy since the turn of the century. Until recently cocoa production accounted for about 10% of GDP and 60% of exports. The government has also relied on the cocoa export tax as a major source of revenue. With the exception of the early 1980s and very recent years, it has provided between 25% and 40% of total government revenues annually. For many years Ghana was the world’s largest producer and exporter of cocoa. During the 1970s, however, (official) cocoa production declined dramatically, despite a quadru
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Conference papers on the topic "Cocoa exports"

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Inayah, Astiwi, Hani Damayanti Aprilia, and Yunia. "Commercial Diplomacy to Increase Exports of Lampung Cocoa Commodities in the European Union Market." In Universitas Lampung International Conference on Social Sciences (ULICoSS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220102.009.

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Bangmarigu, Emmanuel. "Analysis of Cocoa Production and Export in Ghana." In International Scientific Days 2018. Wolters Kluwer ČR, Prague, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2018.s13.01.

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Yudyanto, Hendy, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. "The Analysis of The Export Tax Imposition on Indonesian Cocoa Beans: Impacts on Indonesia and Malaysia Cocoa Processing Export Performance." In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.11.

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Merino-Gaibor, Elvia, Adriana A. Amaya Rivas, and Xavier Gellynck. "Perceptions on resources and resilience attributes of short food supply chains to external shocks: A case study of Ecuadorian fine cocoa sector." In New Business Models 2023. Maastricht University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26481/mup.2302.31.

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Spatially extended Short Food Supply Chains (SFSCs) can enable small-scale producers' resilience capacity to external shocks, offering secure and traceable food sources. Furthermore, expanding sustainable commercial cocoa crops in spatially extended SFSCs may increase the production of cocoa beans in a way that is environmentally sustainable and socially responsible. This can involve promoting the use of agroforestry systems, which integrate trees and crops to enhance biodiversity and soil health, reducing the use of harmful chemicals. By implementing this type of SFSCs, small-scale farmers ca
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Hariyati, Yuli, and Dina Roffida Haqqi Daqianus. "Indonesian cocoas export commodity: A comparison in competition and the affecting factors." In THE 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCE 2021 (ICALS 2021): “Accelerating Transformation in Industrial Agriculture Through Sciences Implementation”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117379.

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Venger, Vitalii, Nataliia Romanovska, Andrii Ramskyi, Oleksandr Sheiko, and Olena Burunova. "Factors of development of the confectionery market in Poland." In VI International Conference on European Dimensions of Sustainablе Development. National University of Food Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24263/edsd-2024-6-45.

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In recent years the Polish food industry has faced a sharp increase in production and marketing costs, disruptions in the supply chains of raw materials, consumables and packaging, as well as the loss of traditional sales markets due to the war in Ukraine. The study of the peculiarities of the Polish confectionery market made it possible to assess the main indicators of the Polish market of confectionery goods of all categories, as well as its volume and trends. It was concluded that during 2022 there was a 12% increase in the volume of production of confectionery goods of all categories. At t
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Santika, Gayatri Dwi, Diah Ayu Retnani Wulandari, and Fitriyana Dewi. "Quality Assessment Level of Quality of Cocoa Beans Export Quality using Hybrid Adaptive Neuro - Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Genetic Algorithm." In 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecos.2018.8605189.

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Reports on the topic "Cocoa exports"

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Dzanku, Fred M., and Louis S. Hodey. Achieving Inclusive Oil Palm Commercialisation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.007.

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Oil palm is the most important export crop in Ghana, aside from cocoa. Compared with cocoa, however, oil palm has a more extensive local value chain, including greater opportunity for local industrial and artisanal processing into palm oil and other products, which creates a high potential for employment generation and poverty reduction; as a result oil palm is classified as a priority crop. The selection of oil palm as a priority crop aims to promote agricultural commercialisation through domestic agroindustry development and exports. In spite of this, the oil palm economy has still not achie
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Remi Aiyede, Emmanuel. Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Cocoa and Rice Value Chains in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.005.

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Nigeria has sought to diversify its economy away from dependence on oil as a major source of government revenue through agricultural commercialisation. Agriculture has been a priority sector because it has very high growth potential and the greatest potential for employment and export revenue. The cocoa and rice value chains are central to the government’s engagement with agriculture to achieve these objectives. This paper sets out to investigate the underlying political economy dynamics of the commercialisation of the cocoa and rice value chains in Nigeria in terms of smallholder farm househo
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