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Journal articles on the topic 'Collective choice models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Arango, Santiago, Erik R. Larsen, and Ann van Ackere. "Self-organizing behavior in collective choice models: laboratory experiments." Management Decision 54, no. 2 (2016): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2014-0451.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider queuing systems where captive repeat customers select a service facility each period. Are people in such a distributed system, with limited information diffusion, able to approach optimal system performance? How are queues formed? How do people decide which queue to join based on past experience? The authors explore these questions, investigating the effect of information availability, as well as the effect of heterogeneous facility sizes, at the macro (system) and micro (individual performance) levels. Design/methodology/approach – Experiment

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Opp, Karl-Dieter. "Collective Political Action." Analyse & Kritik 23, no. 1 (2001): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2001-0101.

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AbstractThis paper describes a research program that focuses on the explanation of political protest and its causes. The starting point is Mancur Olson’s theory of collective action. This theory is modified, extended and applied to explain political protest. In particular, it is argued that only a wide version of Rational Choice theory that includes ‘soft’ incentives as well as misperception is capable of providing valid explanations of protest behavior. Another part of the research program is the utilization of survey research to test the predictions about protest behavior that are generated

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Kadak, Kevin, and Noam Miller. "Follow the straggler: zebrafish use a simple heuristic for collective decision-making." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1940 (2020): 20202690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2690.

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Animal groups often make decisions sequentially, from the front to the back of the group. In such cases, individuals can use the choices made by earlier ranks, a form of social information, to inform their own choice. The optimal strategy for such decisions has been explored in models which differ on, for example, whether or not agents take into account the sequence of observed choices. The models demonstrate that choices made later in a sequence are more informative, but it is not clear if animals use this information or rely instead on simpler heuristics, such as quorum rules. We show that a

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Motchoulski, Alexander, and Phil Smolenski. "Principles of Collective Choice and Constraints of Fairness." Journal of Philosophy 116, no. 12 (2019): 678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil20191161243.

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In “The Difference Principle Would Not Be Chosen behind the Veil of Ignorance,” Johan E. Gustafsson argues that the parties in the Original Position (OP) would not choose the Difference Principle to regulate their society’s basic structure. In reply to this internal critique, we provide two arguments. First, his choice models do not serve as a counterexample to the choice of the difference principle, as the models must assume that individual rationality scales to collective contexts in a way that begs the question in favor of utilitarianism. Second, the choice models he develops are incompatib

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Desmarais, Bruce A. "Lessons in disguise: multivariate predictive mistakes in collective choice models." Public Choice 151, no. 3-4 (2011): 719–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9767-1.

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Farina, Francesco, Stefania Ottone, and Ferruccio Ponzano. "On the Collective Choice among Models of Social Protection: An Experimental Study." Games 10, no. 4 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g10040041.

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A real-effort experiment is conducted in order to detect preferences for one out of three different models of the Welfare State characterized by different tax-and-transfer schemes. We reproduce a small society in the lab where: Subjects are grouped in three stylized classes (the rich, the middle class and the poor) on the basis of their performance in a real-effort activity; income and risk are assigned according to the class; tax revenue is spent to refund unlucky people and to provide a public good. Experimental subjects must choose (both under and without a veil of ignorance concerning thei

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Finkel, Steven E., Edward N. Muller, and Karl-Dieter Opp. "Personal Influence, Collective Rationality, and Mass Political Action." American Political Science Review 83, no. 3 (1989): 885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962065.

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We propose two models to explain why individuals participate in collective political action—a personal influence model and a collective rationality model. Each model overcomes the free-rider problem posed by conventional rational choice theory and left unresolved in previous research. The models are tested for legal and illegal protest behaviors, using data from a national sample and two samples of protest-prone communities in the Federal Republic of Germany. The personal influence model is supported for both forms of participation, while the collective rationality model is supported for legal

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Finkel, Steven E., and Edward N. Muller. "Rational Choice and the Dynamics of Collective Political Action: Evaluating Alternative Models with Panel Data." American Political Science Review 92, no. 1 (1998): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585927.

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Causal inference in research testing rational choice models of unconventional political behavior has been hampered by the inability to use perceptions of the costs and benefits of participation at a given time to predict behavior that necessarily occurred in the past and by ambiguities associated with analyzing behavioral intentions instead of actual participation. Using panel data collected on a national sample in West Germany between 1987 and 1989, we show that variables from a “collective interest” model measured in 1987—individuals' dissatisfaction with the provision of collective goods, b

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Masuda, Naoki, Thomas A. O'shea-Wheller, Carolina Doran, and Nigel R. Franks. "Computational model of collective nest selection by ants with heterogeneous acceptance thresholds." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 6 (2015): 140533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140533.

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Collective decision-making is a characteristic of societies ranging from ants to humans. The ant Temnothorax albipennis is known to use quorum sensing to collectively decide on a new home; emigration to a new nest site occurs when the number of ants favouring the new site becomes quorate. There are several possible mechanisms by which ant colonies can select the best nest site among alternatives based on a quorum mechanism. In this study, we use computational models to examine the implications of heterogeneous acceptance thresholds across individual ants in collective nest choice behaviour. We

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Torra, Vicenç. "Random dictatorship for privacy-preserving social choice." International Journal of Information Security 19, no. 5 (2019): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-019-00474-7.

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Abstract Social choice provides methods for collective decisions. They include methods for voting and for aggregating rankings. These methods are used in multiagent systems for similar purposes when decisions are to be made by agents. Votes and rankings are sensitive information. Because of that, privacy mechanisms are needed to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. Cryptographic techniques can be applied in centralized environments to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. A trusted third party can then compute the outcome. In distributed environments, we can use a secure mul

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Peetz, David. "Co-operative Values, Institutions and Free Riding in Australia." Articles 60, no. 4 (2006): 709–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012341ar.

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While there is a strong logic favouring co-operation, it faces a central problem: the “free rider” or “cheat.” Collectives find ways of promoting norms of solidarity and seek regulation to prevent free riding. Around two-fifths of Australian employees covered by collective agreements are free-riding non-members. Evidence suggests that the recent growth of free riding reflects institutional changes and not the decline of co-operative values and the ascendancy of individualism. The Canadian solution to the cheating problem, which is the Rand formula, inspired Australian unions to introduce (exce

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Ostrom, Elinor. "A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action: Presidential Address, American Political Science Association, 1997." American Political Science Review 92, no. 1 (1998): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585925.

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Extensive empirical evidence and theoretical developments in multiple disciplines stimulate a need to expand the range of rational choice models to be used as a foundation for the study of social dilemmas and collective action. After an introduction to the problem of overcoming social dilemmas through collective action, the remainder of this article is divided into six sections. The first briefly reviews the theoretical predictions of currently accepted rational choice theory related to social dilemmas. The second section summarizes the challenges to the sole reliance on a complete model of ra

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NURMI, HANNU, and JANUSZ KACPRZYK. "FUZZY SETS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE: AN OVERVIEW." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 03, no. 03 (2007): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179300570700077x.

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The fuzzy set applications in political science cover decision making, games, collective choice, representation and comparative politics. The earliest applications were largely theoretical and suggestive rather than empirically anchored and testable models. We discuss a representative sample of applications and suggest some problems in making the fuzzy sets more generally applicable in political science.

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Marcos, Encarni, Fabrizio Londei, and Aldo Genovesio. "Hidden Markov Models Predict the Future Choice Better Than a PSTH-Based Method." Neural Computation 31, no. 9 (2019): 1874–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01216.

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Beyond average firing rate, other measurable signals of neuronal activity are fundamental to an understanding of behavior. Recently, hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been applied to neural recordings and have described how neuronal ensembles process information by going through sequences of different states. Such collective dynamics are impossible to capture by just looking at the average firing rate. To estimate how well HMMs can decode information contained in single trials, we compared HMMs with a recently developed classification method based on the peristimulus time histogram (PSTH). The

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Chandrashekaran, Murali, Beth A. Walker, James C. Ward, and Peter H. Reingen. "Modeling Individual Preference Evolution and Choice in a Dynamic Group Setting." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 2 (1996): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300208.

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Organizational buying and strategic marketing decisions often emerge from a messy process of belief accommodation and compromise. In a longitudinal field study, the authors investigate how the beliefs and preferences of individual actors in a collective decision developed and changed. This provides a rare opportunity to relate beliefs and social influence to articulated preferences, as well as to evaluate the basic assumptions that underlie persuasive arguments theory, a prominent theory of group polarization. Econometric models are employed to test proposed relationships between group process

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Murdoch, James C., Todd Sandler, and Laurna Hansen. "An Econometric Technique for Comparing Median Voter and Oligarchy Choice Models of Collective Action: The Case of the Nato Alliance." Review of Economics and Statistics 73, no. 4 (1991): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2109401.

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Llinares, Carmen, Antoni Montañana, and Elena Navarro. "Differences in Architects and Nonarchitects' Perception of Urban Design: An Application of Kansei Engineering Techniques." Urban Studies Research 2011 (December 25, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/736307.

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We analyse architects and nonarchitects' emotional assessments of different districts in their own city (Valencia, Spain) by applying Kansei engineering techniques. A field study was carried out on a sample of 140 subjects (70 architects and 70 nonarchitects) who were asked to express their opinions on different areas in the city. The set of emotional impressions used by architects and non-architects to describe their sensations was obtained using differential semantics. The semantic space was described by 9 independent axis which explained 62% of the variability. Then, for each collective the

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Gibson, James L. "Mass Opposition to the Soviet Putsch of August 1991: Collective Action, Rational Choice, and Democratic Values in the Former Soviet Union." American Political Science Review 91, no. 3 (1997): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952082.

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The attempted coup in August 1991 provides an acid test of whether a democratic political culture is emerging in the former Soviet Union. This paper considers the hypothesis that active resistance to the coup was partly a function of attachments to democracy. Relying heavily on earlier models of collective action, and based on a 1992 survey of mass opinion in all the republics, this hypothesis is tested within a broader theory of rational choice and expectancy theory. Generally, it seems that reactions to the coup were not based on strictly rational calculations and that basic commitments to t

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Rompf, Stephan, Clemens Kroneberg, and Thomas Schlösser. "Institutional trust and the provision of public goods: When do individual costs matter? The case of recycling." Rationality and Society 29, no. 2 (2017): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463117701124.

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This research asks whether and how institutional trust—trust in the reliability, effectiveness, and legitimacy of public institutions—promotes the provision of public goods. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we apply three choice models to the example of recycling behavior: a standard rational choice model, the low-cost hypothesis, and a dual-process theory. The models carry competing hypotheses about the interplay of trust and incentives in recycling behavior. Using survey data collected in four countries (Sweden, Denmark, the United States, and the United Kingdom), we find a positive

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Yu, Sam Wai-Kam, Chui-Man Ruby Chau, and Stefan Kühner. "Defamilisation and familisation risks, adult worker models, and pro-employment/decommodification measures for women: the case of Hong Kong." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 35, no. 2 (2019): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2018.1526699.

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AbstractThis paper is concerned with the research areas of defamilisation/familisation and adult worker models. It particularly focuses on demonstrating how the study of government pro-employment and decommodification measures for reducing defamilisation and familisation risks faced by women contributes to the examination of the adult worker models. It presents three analytical tasks. The first is to categorise the adult worker models into four types (market-focused, supported, choice-focused and collective consumption) based on different combinations of the pro-employment and decommodificatio

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Fox, Carol. "Union Democracy and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy in Transition." Journal of Industrial Relations 41, no. 3 (1999): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100304.

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Union democracy was a preoccupation of the federal legislature from the 1920s to the 1970s. It was quiescent as a public policy issue for two decades until revived by the Howard government in 1996. Examination of the statutory provisions for union democracy reveals deficiencies in terms of the benchmarks provided by both liberal pluralist and Marxist models. The traditional rationale for state intervention in union government is found to have been significantly weakened. At the same time, union democracy has been reinstated as a principal object of the statute. A new rationale for intervention

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Phung, Nhuhai, Masao Kubo, and Hiroshi Sato. "Agreement Algorithm Based on a Trial and Error Method for the Best of Proportions Problem." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 4 (2019): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0558.

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The best-of-n problem (BSTn) is a collective decision-making problem in which a swarm of robots needs to make a collective decision about a set of n choices; specifically, to decide what choice offers the best alternative [1]. The BSTn captures the structure and logic of the discrete consensus achievement problems that appear in several swarm robotics scenarios. Although numerous algorithms have been proposed recently to deal with more than two choices, the number of choices that can be dealt with is not large. The bias and raising threshold (BRT) algorithm proposed by Phung et al. [2] enables

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steels, luc, and tony belpaeme. "coordinating perceptually grounded categories through language: a case study for colour." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 4 (2005): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000087.

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this article proposes a number of models to examine through which mechanisms a population of autonomous agents could arrive at a repertoire of perceptually grounded categories that is sufficiently shared to allow successful communication. the models are inspired by the main approaches to human categorisation being discussed in the literature: nativism, empiricism, and culturalism. colour is taken as a case study. although we take no stance on which position is to be accepted as final truth with respect to human categorisation and naming, we do point to theoretical constraints that make each po

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Coombe, Leanne L., Melissa R. Haswell-Elkins, and Peter S. Hill. "Community-governed health services in Cape York: does the evidence point to a model of service delivery?" Australian Health Review 32, no. 4 (2008): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080605.

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Health service delivery model reforms are currently underway in Cape York in an effort to improve health outcomes for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. These reforms include the transition of the Apunipima Cape York Health Council from an advocacy agency to a community-controlled health service provider. This paper investigates the literature on existing community governance models and communitycontrolled health service delivery models, to guide the choice of the most appropriate model for the Cape York health reforms. The evidence collected suggests a new innovative healt

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Gyau, A., M. Mbugua, and J. Oduol. "Determinants of participation and intensity of participation in collective action: evidence from smallholder avocado farmers in Kenya." Journal on Chain and Network Science 16, no. 2 (2016): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.0011.

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Access to markets is one important strategy which can assist smallholder farmers to move out of poverty. Collective action through farmers' groups has been identified as a strategy to improve the participation of farmers in markets. This study analyzes the determinants of participation and intensity of participation of collective action in production and marketing of avocado in Kenya. Group participation and the intensity were modelled as a binary choice decision and analyzed using logit models. Interviews were conducted with 301 farmers in avocado production zones in Kenya. The result showed

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Ouiminga, Idrissa, and Lota D. Tamini. "Factors Affecting the Willingness to Pay for the Protection of the Di River: an Approach Using the Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 4 (2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v7i4.13681.

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The Di River, located in West Africa between Burkina Faso and Mali, is a subject of concern to its users. Using econometric models of choice behavior, the determining factors of local populations’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of the riverbanks are either individual or collective variables. The latter variables imply that data collection focused on common characteristics of the population rather than intrinsic characteristics. Most determining factors have a positive effect on willingness to pay, which is especially observed with subjective or individual variables and reflects t

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Mendelsohn, Matthew. "Rational Choice and Socio-Psychological Explanation for Opinion on Quebec Sovereignty." Canadian Journal of Political Science 36, no. 3 (2003): 511–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423903778743.

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The article identifies two schools of thought on why Quebeckers choose to support or oppose sovereignty - the rational choice approach that has focused on individuals' assessments of the collective costs and benefits of sovereignty for the Quebec economy and the French language, and the socio-psychological approach that has focused on variables such as resentment, feelings of status denial, ethnic grievances and self-confidence. It has been difficult to resolve disputes between the two approaches due to weakness in available data and a lack of a comparative approach amongst scholars. Using a d

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Angeli, Federica, Shila Teresa Ishwardat, Anand Kumar Jaiswal, and Antonio Capaldo. "Socio-Cultural Sustainability of Private Healthcare Providers in an Indian Slum Setting: A Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124702.

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Delivery of affordable healthcare services to communities is a necessary precondition to poverty alleviation. Co-creation approaches to the development of business models in the healthcare industry proved particularly suitable for improving the health-seeking behavior of BOP patients. However, scant research was conducted to understand BOP consumers’ decision-making process leading to specific healthcare choices in slum settings, and the relative balance of socio-cultural and socio-economic factors underpinning patients’ preferences. This article adopts a mixed-method approach to investigate t

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Mann, Richard P. "Evolution of heterogeneous perceptual limits and indifference in competitive foraging." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 2 (2021): e1008734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008734.

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The collective behaviour of animal and human groups emerges from the individual decisions and actions of their constituent members. Recent research has revealed many ways in which the behaviour of groups can be influenced by differences amongst their constituent individuals. The existence of individual differences that have implications for collective behaviour raises important questions. How are these differences generated and maintained? Are individual differences driven by exogenous factors, or are they a response to the social dilemmas these groups face? Here I consider the classic case of

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Nejadsadeghi, Nima, and Anil Misra. "Extended granular micromechanics approach: a micromorphic theory of degree n." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 25, no. 2 (2019): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519879479.

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For many problems in science and engineering, it is necessary to describe the collective behavior of a very large number of grains. Complexity inherent in granular materials, whether due the variability of grain interactions or grain-scale morphological factors, requires modeling approaches that are both representative and tractable. In these cases, continuum modeling remains the most feasible approach; however, for such models to be representative, they must properly account for the granular nature of the material. The granular micromechanics approach has been shown to offer a way forward for

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EP CHEDLI, Mariem Kchaich. "The Management of Crisis." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 5, no. 2 (2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v5i2.494.

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Many business leaders defines a time of crisis as a moment which completely hinders societyactivity which ultimately leads to bankruptcy they prefer the choice of resentment downturn and do notconsider it a key moment for the renewal ideas, ways of thinking, of policies and strategies adopted thatmobilize around new ambitions, new development projects, new sales models, new businesses, new marketsand do a crisis a moment of creation and innovation and collective revitalization.The purpose of this article is to study the various steps of the management of crisis and best managementpractices in

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CARRILLO, J. A., Y. HUANG, and S. MARTIN. "Explicit flock solutions for Quasi-Morse potentials." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 25, no. 5 (2014): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792514000126.

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We consider interacting particle systems and their mean-field limits, which are frequently used to model collective aggregation and are known to demonstrate a rich variety of pattern formations. The interaction is based on a pairwise potential combining short-range repulsion and long-range attraction. We study particular solutions, which are referred to as flocks in the second-order models, for the specific choice of the Quasi-Morse interaction potential. Our main result is a rigorous analysis of continuous, compactly supported flock profiles for the biologically relevant parameter regime. Exi

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Subramanian, Dilip, and Bénédicte Zimmermann. "Voice in French corporate training: A critical issue in developing employee capability." Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, no. 2 (2017): 296–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17704311.

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The article discusses the impact of organizational configurations on employees’ training capabilities. Inspired by the capability approach, it uses qualitative data to question under what organizational conditions firms in France provide their employees with the opportunities and means to participate not just in training programmes, but in those programmes they have reason to value. The results suggest the existence of three different training models – skill-updating, skill-developing and capability-enhancing – depending on the choice processes involved, the importance they accord to employee

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Vasegaard, Alex Elkjær, Mathieu Picard, Florent Hennart, Peter Nielsen, and Subrata Saha. "Multi Criteria Decision Making for the Multi-Satellite Image Acquisition Scheduling Problem." Sensors 20, no. 5 (2020): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051242.

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The multi-satellite image acquisition scheduling problem is traditionally seen as a complex optimization problem containing a generic objective function that represents the priority structure of the satellite operator. However, the majority of literature neglect the collective and contemporary effect of factors associated with the operational goal in the objective function, i.e., uncertainty in cloud cover, customer priority, image quality criteria, etc. Consequently, the focus of the article is to integrate a real-time scoring approach of imaging attempts that considers these aspects. This is

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Petanovski, Aleksandar. "Lifestyle as Habitat of Tomorrow Coexisting Models of Housing in the City." South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/seejad.2020.10055.

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Living in a time of uncertain future, the home is in a constant process of re-thinking; from pluralization and individualization in the society and discontinuation with historical models, to social and spatial mobility, rational choice and availability of resources, leisure time and changing socio-demographic characteristics and the buildup of social fragmentation, there is a need for a re-qualification of the home as a way of identification. The term lifestyle, way of life or style of life in the contemporary society is often used in mainstream culture, media and marketing, but the term

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Wimolsakcharoen, Wuthiwong, Pongchai Dumrongrojwatthana, Christophe Le Page, François Bousquet, and Guy Trébuil. "An agent-based model to support community forest management and non-timber forest product harvesting in northern Thailand." Socio-Environmental Systems Modelling 3 (April 21, 2021): 17894. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/sesmo.2021a17894.

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Agent-based models are popular in common-pool resource management to represent complex systems and stimulate collective action and management, where they are used to evaluate scenarios of stakeholders’ choice in participatory simulations. We developed the “CoComForest” (COllaborative COMmunity FOREST management) model to support community forest management (CFM) and non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting in Nan Province, northern Thailand. The model was used as a computer-based role-playing game to support sharing of perceptions and knowledge among stakeholders, and in participatory simul

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Ningtyas, Adriana Sharadhea, and Bambang Santosa. "MINAT PEMUDA PADA PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA KELOR KECAMATAN KARANGMOJO KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL." Journal of Development and Social Change 2, no. 1 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v2i1.41657.

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<p>Youth is a valuable asset to the country. The success of the nation's development depends on the level of its youth participation. Phenomena declining the interest of youth in agriculture is a special concern for society and government. Amid in the youth interest in the agricultural sector work, there is a group of farmers who have an interest in agriculture, especially horticultural. The purpose of this research is to see the process of increasing youth interest in horticultural farming, a factor that affects youth interest and the process of forming rational youth choices related to

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Ogouvide, Tchekpo Fortune, Ygue Patrice Adegbola, Roch Cedrique Zossou, Afio Zannou, and Gauthier Biaou. "Farmers' preferences and willingness to pay for microcredit in Benin: results from in-the-field choice experiments in Benin." Agricultural Finance Review 80, no. 5 (2020): 665–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-01-2020-0004.

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PurposeThis document analyses farmers' preferences and willingness to pay (CAP) for microcredit, in order to facilitate their access in rural areas.Design/methodology/approachData are based on a discrete choice experiment with 400 randomly selected farmers from 20 villages of the 7 Benin agricultural development hubs (ADHs). The preference choice modelling was performed using mixed logit (MXL) and latent class logit (LCL) models. Farmers' willingness to pay for each preferred attribute was estimated. The endogenous attribute attendance (EAA) model was also used to capture attribute non-attenda

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Fisher, Talia. "A Nuanced Approach to the Privatization Debate." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 5, no. 1 (2011): 72–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1053.

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Current framing of the debate over the privatization of the States legislative and adjudicative functions masks the fact that there are distinct and conflicting versions of privatization of law. The different privatization models diverge on fundamental questions relating to the ontology of law, the role of social cooperation mechanisms in the lives of people, as well as the types of private legislative and adjudicative institutions that ought to replace the States legal system. In light of such conflicting normative premises, the distinct models of the privatization of law pose different kin

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Batty, Michael. "Visualizing aggregate movement in cities." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1753 (2018): 20170236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0236.

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We argue here that despite the focus in cities on location and place, it is increasingly clear that a requisite understanding of how cities evolve and change depends on a thorough understanding of human movements at aggregate scales where we can observe emergent patterns in networks and flow systems. We argue that the location of activities must be understood as summations or syntheses of movements or flows, with a much clearer link between flows, activities and the networks that carry and support them. To this end, we introduce a generic class of models that enable aggregated flows of many di

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King, Ronald F. "Capping Entitlements: Budget Rules and the Food Stamp Program." Journal of Public Policy 18, no. 2 (1998): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x98000075.

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The paper examines three forms of budgetary rule applied to the food stamp program — discretion, entitlement, and expenditure caps. The different budget rules are modeled with respect to their reversion point, the outcome that prevails by default if no cooperative agreement is reached. Hypotheses concerning budgetary politics and policy are derived from the models and tested using historical data from one arena over time. The case study is relevant to the broader problem of welfare spending. The dilemma is how to reconcile budget protection needed for the impoverished against the fragmentation

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Ben Hassen, Mariam, Mohamed Turki, and Faiez Gargouri. "Sensitive Business Processes: Characteristics, Representation, and Evaluation of Modeling Approaches." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 9, no. 1 (2018): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsita.2018010103.

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This article presents a set of sensitive business process (SBP) modeling requirements and proposes a multi-criteria evaluation framework to appraise the expressiveness of currently widely used business process modelling formalisms to select the most suitable for SBP representation. The modelling of SBPs, be they process oriented or knowledge oriented, presents special requirements dictated by several factors: the highly dynamic complexity and flexibility of the processes; the high number of critical activities requiring intensive acquisition, sharing, storage and (re)use of very specific cruci

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Ben Hassen, Mariam, Mohamed Turki, and Faïez Gargouri. "Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Modeling Languages Based on BPM4KI Meta-Model for Sensitive Business Processes Representation." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 14, no. 3 (2018): 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2018070103.

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This article presents a set of Sensitive Business Process (SBP) modeling requirements and proposes a multi-criteria evaluation framework to appraise the expressiveness of currently widely used business process modelling formalisms to select the most suitable for SBP representation. The modelling of SBPs, be they process oriented or knowledge oriented, presents special requirements dictated by several factors: the highly dynamic complexity and flexibility of the processes; the high number of critical activities requiring intensive acquisition, sharing, storage and (re)use of very specific cruci

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Kazaryan, Ruben. "Anthropotechnical technologies for monitoring engineering systems." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913501011.

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One of the important components of monitoring buildings and structures is an instrumental quantitative assessment of the dynamics of changes in values for all estimated parameters of the technical condition of engineering systems. In the theory of infographics, schematisms (infographic models) are considered intermediate formations of consciousness, mediating sensuality and intellect, whose roots are in the imagination. From an analytical point of view, there is a two-dimensional Euclidean space of phase states, in which the coordinates are “intentions/functions” and “institutions/traditions”,

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Drakic, Maja. "Privatization in economic theory." Panoeconomicus 54, no. 1 (2007): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0701103d.

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In reality privatization has never occurred according to the handbook rules of ordinary market transactions. Not even in advanced market economies can privatization transactions be described by the Walrasian or Arrowian, or Leontiefian equilibrium models, or by the equilibrium models of the game theory. In these economies transactions of privatization take place in a fairly organic way ? which means that those are driven by the dominance of private property rights and in a market economy. But despite this fact Western privatization also some peculiar features as compared to ordinary company ta

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Loewenson, Rene, Eugenio Villar, Rama Baru, and Robert Marten. "Engaging globally with how to achieve healthy societies: insights from India, Latin America and East and Southern Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (2021): e005257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005257.

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The way healthy societies are conceptualised shapes efforts to achieve them. This paper explores the features and drivers of frameworks for healthy societies that had wide or sustained policy influence post-1978 at global level and as purposively selected southern regions, in India, Latin America and East and Southern Africa. A thematic analysis of 150 online documents identified paradigms and themes. The findings were discussed with expertise from the regions covered to review and validate the findings.Globally, comprehensive primary healthcare, whole-of-government and rights-based approaches

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Zheng, Yongjun, and Philippe Marguinaud. "Simulation of the performance and scalability of message passing interface (MPI) communications of atmospheric models running on exascale supercomputers." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 8 (2018): 3409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3409-2018.

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Abstract. In this study, we identify the key message passing interface (MPI) operations required in atmospheric modelling; then, we use a skeleton program and a simulation framework (based on SST/macro simulation package) to simulate these MPI operations (transposition, halo exchange, and allreduce), with the perspective of future exascale machines in mind. The experimental results show that the choice of the collective algorithm has a great impact on the performance of communications; in particular, we find that the generalized ring-k algorithm for the alltoallv operation and the generalized

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Zhang, Lijuan, Jinxia Wang, Guangsheng Zhang, and Qiuqiong Huang. "Impact of the methods of groundwater access on irrigation and crop yield in the North China Plain." China Agricultural Economic Review 8, no. 4 (2016): 613–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2015-0177.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is: to track the methods by which farmers access groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain (NCP); to explore whether climate factors influence farmers’ decisions on the methods of groundwater access for irrigation; and to examine whether the amount of groundwater use for irrigation and crop yield systematically differ across groups of farmers using various methods of groundwater access, and how climate factors affect them. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive statistical analysis and econometric models are used on household survey data collected o

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Mishra, Ambika P., Nicol S. Harper, and Jan W. H. Schnupp. "Exploring the distribution of statistical feature parameters for natural sound textures." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0238960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238960.

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Sounds like “running water” and “buzzing bees” are classes of sounds which are a collective result of many similar acoustic events and are known as “sound textures”. A recent psychoacoustic study using sound textures has reported that natural sounding textures can be synthesized from white noise by imposing statistical features such as marginals and correlations computed from the outputs of cochlear models responding to the textures. The outputs being the envelopes of bandpass filter responses, the ‘cochlear envelope’. This suggests that the perceptual qualities of many natural sounds derive d

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Kramer, Michael Paul, Linda Bitsch, and Jon Hanf. "Blockchain and Its Impacts on Agri-Food Supply Chain Network Management." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042168.

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Blockchain is an emerging meta-technology and considered a new institutional technology with the potential to change the governance of vertically integrated food supply chains. This paper investigates the effects on coordination mechanisms in vertically cooperating agri-food networks that result from the implementation of different blockchain technology platform types (BCTPT). The research is based on an extensive literature overview and exploratory use cases of BCTPT implementations in the agri-food industry which are presented to illustrate the applicability of the findings. Our analysis sho

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