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Willem Saragih and Christine Hutajulu. "Types of Sentences Used by Male and Female Writers in Journal Article Abstracts." LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v1i1.345.
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This study analyzed the types of sentences used in the Abstracts of Journal Articles written by 10 Female and 10 Male fully sourced from the Book Program of The First Annual International Seminar UNIMED Medan: November 19, 2016. Of the 195 sentences, 102 of which were written by females, and 92 by Males, all types of sentences are present. The occurrence of the types of sentence used by Females is Simple Sentence (50.1%), Complex Sentence (37.1%), Complex - Compound Sentence (6.8%), and Compound Sentence (4.9%). By Males, Simple Sentence is (50.%), Complex Sentence (41%), Compound Sentence (5.4%) and Complex- Compound Sentence (3.3%). Thus, this proves that the frequency is only different in Complex-Compound, i.e. by Females in the third place, but by Males in the fourth and Compound in the third. Overall, it can be concluded that gender has no relation with sentence types.
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Mumrikoh, Liana, Eka Agustina, and Hastuti Retno Kuspiyah. "A Syntactic Analysis on Sentences Found in the English Textbook for the Tenth Grade Students Entitled “Bahasa Inggris Kelas X” (2017 revised edition) Published by Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia." Channing: Journal of English Language Education and Literature 4, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30599/channing.v4i2.743.
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This study is an analysis of sentence structure by using a syntactic approach that portrayed in the tree diagram. This study focused only on the discussion covering the identification of types of sentence and sentence structure. It was found that there are 191 sentences from the six selected text in the textbook consisting of the simple sentence which has 53 sentences (27,75%), the compound sentence has 79 sentences (41,36%), the complex sentence has 33 sentences (17,27% ) and the compound-complex sentence has 26 sentences (13,61%) from the total number of the data. The finding of the analysis shows that the English textbook has all types of sentences, based on both several clauses and their syntactic properties. A drawing tree diagram is a fundamental skill in the study of syntactic structure; it is a common practice to provide a visual representation of the internal structure of phrase and clause. Tree diagrams are a clear way of representing syntactic structure graphically.
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Abonego Adejare, Roseline. "Sentence Pattern and Usage in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Debate." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.4p.117.
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This study of sentence pattern and usage in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Debate identifies and accounts for all occurring major and minor sentences, classifies the major sentences into simple, compound and complex subtypes, determines their typological and thematic distribution, and demonstrates how they were strategically employed to articulate each debater’s points. The data comprises 1876 sentences and was analysed using an improved version of the systemic grammatical model. Results show that major and minor sentences represent 92 and 8 per cent respectively and that while the simple sentence accounted for 77 per cent, compound and complex sentences make up 10 and 13 per cent respectively. Mean length of sentence was 13.6 words and clause density in respect of compound and complex sentences was 1.6 and 2.22 per sentence. Of the seventeen variants of the simple sentence isolated 21 per cent had their elements of structure realised by rankshifted clauses while 20 per cent were affected by multiplicity, mobility and inversion. Though the rest 59 per cent were kernel sentences of the basic SPCA structural pattern, it was not uncommon to find structurally complex groups as elements of clause structure. What determined which of alpha or beta was clause-initially was the focus of the message conveyed. So thematic fronting is not limited to the single clause sentence. Sentence length and type, positioning of clauses or parts thereof, and decisions on conjunctions and finite or non-finite clauses, were greatly governed by theme and the speaker’s mediate goals and grammatical sophistication. These are proofs of the strategic use of the sentence by politicians.
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Hendrawati, Nurmala. "An Analysis on Students’ Errors in Writing Sentence Patterns." Loquen: English Studies Journal 11, no. 01 (June 6, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/loquen.v11i01.1036.
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Simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences are sentence patterns which each sentence has different pattern, and it is strongly related to grammatical structure, punctuation marks, and connectors. Due to the complexity, EFL learners often get difficulties in understanding and writing the four sentence patterns. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to classify each type of errors and find out the most and least frequently errors of sentence patterns made by students then identify the occurrence frequency of the errors. This is a descriptive qualitative employed by 30 students from the third semester taking Basic Writing, academic year 2017-2018, at Indraprasta PGRI University. This research concerns on surface strategy taxonomy that analyzes four errors. The results show the errors from the highest to the lowest percentage: misformation (57.6%), omission (27.47%), addition (8.8%), and misordering (6.13%). Dealing with sentence patterns, compound-complex sentence becomes the most difficult sentence pattern writing because the most frequently errors made by students are 44.54%. The second is compound sentence with errors 23.2%. Then followed by complex sentence with the number of errors is 22.13%. The least frequently errors of sentence patterns made by students are simple sentence with errors 10.13%. The occurrence of mistake is from the pattern of compound-complex sentence that is the most complicated of three other sentence patterns. The conclusion is regularization in misformation is the most frequently error made by students which cause is from poor understanding of grammatical structure.
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Andriani, Erina, and Barli Bram. "SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE PATTERNS AND TYPES OF BBC NEWS ARTICLES." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v16i1.10832.
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Sentence patterns and types play a crucial role in helping writers make their articles attractive. However, few studies analyzed the sentence patterns and types used in news articles. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the sentence patterns and types used in shaping news articles. The researchers used a syntactic analysis to examine the sentences. The data were collected from ten BBC news articles published in October 2020. The purposive sampling was used, and the data gathering instrument was structured observation sheets. The gathered data were calculated using percentages. The results showed five sentence patterns used, namely S+V, S+LV+SC, S+V+O, S+V+DO+OC, and S+V+IO+DO. It was also found that four sentence types, namely simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, were used. Among the used sentence patterns, S+V+O was the most frequent (42%), and the most frequent sentence type was the complex sentence (52.6%).
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Pratiwi, Ameitha, Safnil Arsyad, and Syafryadin Syafryadin. "A Comparative Study on Sentence Characters of Research Introductions by Indonesian Authors in Applied Linguistics." Journal of Language and Literature 22, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v22i1.3502.
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This article presents the findings of sentence characters in article introductions written by Indonesian authors in Applied Linguistics published in national accredited and international reputable journals. This study aimed to identify sentence characters in article introductions used by Indonesian authors in Applied Linguistics published in national accredited journals and reputable international journals. The method employed in this study was a mixed-method to describe and compare the data. This study’s total number of articles was forty from eight different journals. The results indicated that the average sentence lengths in terms of words number per sentence in the international reputable journals articles were 22.38 words, and those in national accredited journals articles were 21.84 words. Also, the results revealed that the most commonly used sentence pattern in both groups of articles was complex sentences, with 414 sentences in national journals and 378 in international journals. It is followed by simple, compound-complex, and compound sentences. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Indonesian authors from both groups prefer to use long words and use complex sentences more often than the other sentence patterns. Hence, there is no important difference in sentence characters between national accredited and international reputable journals.
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MEHMEDOĞLU, Alaeddin. "In Turkey Turkish Complex Compound Specied Dependent Compound Sentence." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 4 Issue 3, no. 4 (2009): 1500–1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.741.
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Sukandi, Syayid Sandi, and Yola Merina. "Types of Sentences in EFL Students' Paragraph Assignments: A Quantitative Study on Teaching and Learning Writing at Higher Education Level." Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 1, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v1i3.10322.
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This research investigates Indonesian EFL students writing four types of English sentences in their paragraph writing assignments that were posted online in Writing 1 course of English Education at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. The analysed types of sentences are Simple Sentence (code: S.S.), Compound Sentence (code: C.S.1), Complex Sentence (code: C.S.2), and Compound-Complex Sentence (code: C.C.S). The percentage of each type of sentences that appears in the students’ writings within each five genres represents the students’ syntactical composition. Moreover, this research focuses on quantitatively analysing the above five types of sentences that appeared in students’ assignments in each type of following genres: argumentative, descriptive, process, cause-effect, and comparison-contrast. Data are taken from 10% samples of all population. The finding shows that writing Simple Sentence in paragraphs is a common type of sentence that is used by the students. It indicates that the guiding process to teaching students about writing paragraphs with varied sentence types is important for further development of teaching process of writing.
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Dia, Eva Eri. "KALIMAT LUAS DALAM TALK SHOW KICK ANDY EPISODE KISAH SUKSES WANITA TERKUAT INDONESIA DI METRO TV." SASTRANESIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/sastranesia.v7i2.1288.
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The syntactic study of compound sentence used in the talk show Kick Andy for the Success Story of the Strongest Indonesian Women on Metro TV. This is as the object of research. The discussion raised by the researcher relates to compound sentences, namely grammatical relationship on compond sentences and grammatical relationship on complex sentences.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The reason the researcher uses descriptive qualitative methods is to describe objectively about the compound sentences and complex sentences. The data source used in this research is the talk show Kick Andy for the Success Story of the Strongest Indonesian Women on Metro TV and the data analyzed in this study are compound and complex sentences.The results of the study found the form of compound sentences using conjunctions of equivalent namely KI1 + but (tapi) + KI2, KI1 + and (dan) + KI2, KI1 + but (tetapi) + KI2 and KI1 + then(lalu) + KI2. The forms of complex sentence are found using conjunctions of unequal, KI1 + because (karena)+ KB, KI1 + which (yang)+ KB, and KI1 + that(bahwa)+ KB.
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Nur, Nur Aliyah, Sofiya Hilmia, Muthi'ah Muthi'ah, and Multazam Abubakar. "THE FIFTH SEMESTER STUDENTS’ SENTENCE VARIETIES IN WRITING STORIES AT UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR." English Language, Linguistics, and Culture International Journal 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elstic-ij.v1i1.21883.
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The study aims to describe the students’ ability to change the monotonous story to be interesting by using sentence varieties. The researchers used qualitative descriptive method and the subjects were the fifteen fifth semester students of English Education Department at Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar (UIN Alauddin Makassar), especially PBI 3-4. Writing test and interview guidelines were used as the research instrument in which the students were asked to rewrite the texts based on the texts given to them and their opinion about sentence varieties used in the story. The findings of students’ tests indicated that majority of students used all kind of sentences, while, minority of students used three types sentences in the stories. Two students used all types, except compound sentence in the first story, compound-complex sentence in second story and compound-complex sentence in both of the stories. The findings of students’ interview showed that five students felt that the stories which only contained simple sentence were not interesting, four students felt the stories look bored to read, two students felt the stories were monotonous, two students said the stories not better to read, one student felt the stories too easy to read because like child’s stories and one student said the stories which contained sentence varieties were comfortable to read by the students in university. In conclusion, the data showed majority of students’ used sentence varieties in their stories and majority of students felt boring to read the story which contained simple sentences.
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Mas Indrawati, Ni Luh Ketut. "Complementiser and Relativiser in the English Subordinate Clauses." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2017.v03.i01.p01.
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Words combine to form larger units; phrases, clauses, and sentences. The study of the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences is referred to as syntax. Quirk, et, all (1985:47) distinguishes sentences into two types they are; simple sentences and multiple sentences which cover compound sentences and complex sentences. A simple sentence consists of one independent clause, a multiple clause contains more than one clauses, a compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses, while a complex sentence consists of insubordinate and subordinate clauses.Subordinate clause, in embedding the element of the insubordinate clause use either complementiser or relativiser. For example: (1) john said that he did not come to the party. That in (1) is considered to be complimentiser since it introduces the subordinate clause. (2) John met the teacher that teaches you English. That in (2) is classified as relativiser because it is used to introduce the modifying clause.This paper attempts to discuss complementiser and relativiser in the English subordinate clauses and describe the constituent structure in a tree diagram using the approach proposed by Kroeger (2005). The data were taken from a novel entitled Saved by The Bride by Fiona Lowe (2013).Keywords: complex sentences, subordinate clauses, complementiser or relativiser
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Maryati, Selvi, Safnil Arsyad, and Syafryadin Syafryadin. "Linguistics Features of Reading Passage in English Text Book K-13 Revised Edition for Senior High School Students in Indonesia: Analysis of Basic Text Properties." Edu-Ling: Journal of English Education and Linguistics 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/edu-ling.v5i1.2022.
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The objectives of this research are to identify the linguistic features contained in K 13 English textbook revised edition of grades X, XI, and XII published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia in terms of sentence pattern, types of tenses, voice, and aspect. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The sample of this research is thirty-nine reading passages were extracted from K13 English textbook revised edition published by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture for senior high school students in Indonesia. All reading passages are taken as a sample, including fourteen texts of grade X, nine texts of grade XI, and sixteen texts of grade XII. The data were gathered by using a checklist and were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings showed that 1) The most common sentence patterns found are simple sentences. 2) Simple past tense is the majority of tenses used in reading the passages, especially at grade X and XI textbooks, while simple present tense is the dominant tenses found at grade XII. 3) The use of active voice dominates all reading passages at all grade levels. 4) The intensity of using the perfective aspect is higher than the imperfective aspect. 5) This result also implies that there are some differences in the findings of linguistic features from the three levels of this book. First, in terms of sentence patterns used in textbooks, at grade X the order of sentence patterns begins from the simple to the complicated one; simple sentences, then compound sentences, next complex sentences, and finally compound-complex sentences. Meanwhile, at grades XI and XII, the most complicated sentence patterns, namely compound-complex sentences, are less than compound sentences. Second, in terms of the types of tenses, the difference is that at grade X and XI textbooks, it is found that the dominant tenses used are simple past tense, while at grade XII textbooks, the most common tenses are simple present tense. these results indicate that the four linguistic features contained in English textbooks for high school In conclusion students in Indonesia need to be taught to students so that students can more easily understand and capture the meanings contained in the textbooks.
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Duan, Yuquan. "Conjunction wja1 in Tangut Language." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 3, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850218796081.
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Tangut wja1 is considered as a verb, a noun or a pronoun, which is ambiguous in current dictionaries. This paper makes it clear that wja1 is a conjunction in grammatical words of the Tangut language, and can be used to translate the conjunction na in Tibetan language. This conjunction usually occurs at the end of a former clause in a compound sentence, and expresses progressive, hypothetical, conditional and sequenced relations with the latter clause. Moreover, the latter clause is usually an interrogative sentence, in which there are mostly rhetorical questions in the progressive relation complex sentences, while it can be rhetorical questions or general questions in other complex sentences. However, there are some individual exceptions without using interrogative sentences.
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NEVIAROUSKAYA, ALENA, HELMUT PRENDINGER, and MITSURU ISHIZUKA. "Affect Analysis Model: novel rule-based approach to affect sensing from text." Natural Language Engineering 17, no. 1 (September 16, 2010): 95–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324910000239.
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AbstractIn this paper, we address the tasks of recognition and interpretation of affect communicated through text messaging in online communication environments. Specifically, we focus on Instant Messaging (IM) or blogs, where people use an informal or garbled style of writing. We introduced a novel rule-based linguistic approach for affect recognition from text. Our Affect Analysis Model (AAM) was designed to deal with not only grammatically and syntactically correct textual input, but also informal messages written in an abbreviated or expressive manner. The proposed rule-based approach processes each sentence in stages, including symbolic cue processing, detection and transformation of abbreviations, sentence parsing and word/phrase/sentence-level analyses. Our method is capable of processing sentences of different complexity, including simple, compound, complex (with complement and relative clauses) and complex–compound sentences. Affect in text is classified into nine emotion categories (or neutral). The strength of the resulting emotional state depends on vectors of emotional words, relations among them, tense of the analysed sentence and availability of first person pronouns. The evaluation of the Affect Analysis Model algorithm showed promising results regarding its capability to accurately recognize fine-grained emotions reflected in sentences from diary-like blog posts (averaged accuracy is up to 77 per cent), fairy tales (averaged accuracy is up to 70.2 per cent) and news headlines (our algorithm outperformed eight other systems on several measures).
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Millaku, Shkelqim, Myrvete Dreshaj – Baliu, and Xhevahire Topanica – Millaku. "The Compound and Complex Sentence: A Comparative Study of Albanian and English Syntax." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n2p359.
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In the emerging geopolitics of the modern world, English has assumed the undisputed status of the preferred international language of communication. Thus, though cultures across the world are keen on self-preservation, allowing English to make inroads into the everyday lives of the people is a bygone conclusion. Albanian and English belong to the same language family (Indo-European) and hence share many commonalities. At the same time, they also exhibit many features of departure from the shared characteristics, and research into these is greatly significant from the language learners’ vantage. This paper has to analyse the compound and the complex sentence between English and Albanian language. Both these languages have the compound sentences. However, between the two languages, the sentences show certain similarities as well as dissimilarities. We have the contrast structure.
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RAKOVA, Ksenia Ivanovna. "THE KEY COMPONENT OF A MULTIPLE COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE: A PARATACTIC COMPLEX." Historical and social-educational ideas 6, no. 6_2 (February 4, 2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2014-6-6_2-151-155.
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Rahman, Yenni Arif. "DELVING THE HOOK SENTENCE IN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: FINDING THE WRITERS’ PREFERENCES OF CATCHY SENTENCE." Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA 6, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i1.292.
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Hook sentences as an opener and attention grabber in introductory paragraph play important role to make readers keep reading an essay. This means the structure and preferences to produce the hook is a key point to an interesting essay. The study aims to identify the writers’ preferences to write hook sentences. The data were 40 argumentative essays collected from 7 different international newspapers and gazettes. The study employs content analysis procedure to analyze 4 related categories to preferences: theme, number of words, types of sentence, and types of hooks. The subcategories which consist of 13 items is created to supply the detailed preferences. The result shows that all 40 samples utilize theme-related hook, with 34 (85%) samples written with more than 10 words, without dominant types of sentences (simple, compound, and complex), and with 23 (58%) narrative or story hook. From the result, it can be inferred that the writers prefer hook-related theme with mostly narrative type hook. The result also shows that there is relatively fair preference between simple and complex sentence use.
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Kozuev, Durus, and Nazgul Dzharkinbaeva. "Structural and semantic characteristics of English complex sentences with object clauses." XLinguae 14, no. 2 (April 2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.02.15.
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In modern linguistics, the functional and communicative side phenomena are growing towards the pragmatic aspect of the language. However, the problem of the relationship between meaning and its expression still remains in the focus of linguists’ attention. The problem of characterizing sentences in linguistics has not yet been analyzed. This research is the first instance of a systematic study of syntactic structures and ways of expressing in the language. In this case, the main emphasis is on communicative, formal, and functional-semantic statements. The article is devoted to the structural-semantic description of complex English sentences with object clauses. It focuses on the fact that these sentences are characterized by a full subjectpredicate structure in its constituent parts: at the main sentence and subordinate clause. Note that complex sentences follow the English two-part sentence’s rigorous principle: both the subject and the predicate. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that the study of structural and semantic features of syntactic units of various levels in linguistics has a unique scientific and theoretical significance. Learning Sentences in Linguistics began quite a long time ago; however, a comparative analysis of a simple one-compound English sentence has not become the object of special research up until now. The proposal is understood as a central object, and a comprehensive revealing of its essence is one of the difficult problems that need to be solved.
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Özcan Vural, Ayşegül, Gülmira Kuruoğlu, and Köksal Alptekin. "Grammatical Processing in Schizoprenia: Analysis on Sentence Structure." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 31, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2022-31-2-95-115.
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Objective. Language disorder is one of the most significant symptom domains that characterizes Schizophrenia Disorder. The aim of the present study carried out considering language deviations is to investigate and compare the schizophrenic patients’ and control group’s speech in terms of sentence structure.
Materials and Methods. The sample of the study consists of 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4 (DSM-4) and 50 healthy subjects matched with these patients by age, gender and educational level. The narrative skills of the subjects in the study were evaluated with four oral expression tests, which were narrative picture test, story picture sequencing test, semi-structured speech test, and free speech test.
Results. As a result of the statistical and linguistic analyses, significant differences were found between sentence types’ of schizophrenic patients’ and control group’s speech. Considering the use of simple sentences, it was revealed that patients with schizophrenia used more simple sentences than the control group in all tests. On the contrary, when complex and compound sentences were examined, patients with schizophrenia used less complex and compound sentences than the control group in all tests.
Conclusion. The linguistics deviations found from the study are thought to be due to the schizophrenic thought disorder’s four relatively independent components: delusion; intrinsic thinking disturbance; formal thought disorder; and deficient real-world knowledge – a new concept.
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Agajie, Berhanu Asaye. "APPLICATION OF LABELING ALGORITHM TO AWGNI SENTENCES CLASSIFIED BY THEIR STRUCTURE." LITERA 19, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i3.31162.
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Awgni is spoken by more than one million people in a widespread area in northwest Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to apply Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP} to examine Syntactic Object representations found in Awgni sentences contained by their structure. A descriptive design and purposive sampling technique were used to look at research objective. Tools used during collecting data were interview and focused group discussion. The finding showed that simple sentence structures of Awgni have no more than one Verbal head. On the other hand, compound, complex and compound complex sentence may perhaps have two and more verbal heads in their hierarchical structures. Sentences in terms of their outward appearances, structure, syntactic entity expressions they enclose were dissimilar. Thus, every sentence structure has phrasal categories that include Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) and Adjective Phrase (AP). As a final point, it is suggested that a further research on how Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} and {X, Y} applies to examine Syntactic Object representations found within simple, compound, complex and compound complex sentences of Awgni. Keywords: Awgni, Labeling Algorithm, syntactic object, sentence PENERAPAN LABEL ALGORITMA DALAM KLASIFIKASI STRUKTUR KALIMAT BAHASA AWGNIAbstrak Awgni dituturkan oleh sekitar satu juta orang di daerah yang tersebar luas di barat laut Ethiopia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP} untuk menguji representasi Objek Sintaksis yang terdapat pada kalimat Awgni yang dikandung oleh strukturnya. Desain deskriptif dan teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk melihat tujuan penelitian. Alat yang digunakan selama pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kalimat sederhana Awgni tidak lebih dari satu kepala Verbal. Di sisi lain, kalimat majemuk, kompleks, dan majemuk mungkin memiliki dua atau lebih kepala verbal. Kalimat dalam hal penampilan luar, struktur, ekspresi entitas sintaksis yang mereka lampirkan tidak sama. Dengan demikian, setiap struktur kalimat memiliki kategori frasa yang meliputi Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) dan Adjective Phrase (AP). Sebagai poin akhir, direkomendasikan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} dan {X, Y} berlaku untuk memeriksa Objek Sintaksis yang ditemukan dalam kalimat sederhana, majemuk, kompleks dan kompleks majemuk dari Awgni. Kata kunci: Awgni, label algoritma, objek sintakis, kalimat
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Shutan, M. I. "Types of Assignments when Teaching the Infinitive in Syntax Lessons in Grades 8–9." Russian language at school 81, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-5-15-22.
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The article describes types of assignments used in teaching the infinitive in lessons on syntax in grades 8–9. The proposed assignments help students recognize the unity of different levels of the language system. A functional approach to the study of Russian grammar is manifested in the organization of lessons devoted to principal and subordinate parts of a sentence, one-member sentences, homogeneous parts, introductory phrases, compound sentences, syndetic and asyndetic complex sentences. The proposed assignments tested during secondary school lessons included sentence analysis for language phenomenon identification, in some cases involving a grouping of sentences; transformation of syntactic constructions; writing compositions with a grammatical setting; linguostylistic analysis of a poem. The article presents an approach to forming the linguistic competence of students and the development of their speech skills.
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Zahid, Moh. "The Fawātih Al-Suwar: A Critique of Classical Categories and New Typology." Al-Bayan: Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies 20, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340107.
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Abstract The article is trying to criticize the old and to propose a new fawātiḥ al-suwar variety grouping from two perspectives, namely sentence structure and message of the verse. Fawātiḥ al-suwar (the opening of surah) is essential in the structure of surah in the Holy Quran. Its beauty and urgency have been attracting classic Islamic scholars who group them in ten varieties. However, the grouping seems inaccurate because it mixes the sentence structure and the message. This is a library-method study with fawātiḥ al-suwar as the material object of study. The Quran’s verses from which data were obtained vary from one simple sentence to some compound, even complex sentences. Each verse constitutes four elements, namely: sentence, clause, phrase, and word. The study reveals that ten inventory varieties set by the scholars were inaccurate due to ambiguous point of view between the sentence structure and the implied message on the first verse of every surah.
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AbuSeileek, Ali Farhan. "The effect of using an online-based course on the learning of grammar inductively and deductively." ReCALL 21, no. 3 (September 2009): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095834400999005x.
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AbstractThis study aims at exploring the effectiveness of using an online-based course on the learning of sentence types inductively and deductively. To achieve this purpose, a computer-mediated course was designed. The sample of the study consists of four groups taught under four treatments of grammar: (1) with computer-based learning inductively, (2) with computer-based learning deductively, (3) with non-computer-based learning inductively, and (4) with non-computer-based learning deductively. A pre-test/post-test design (between-subject) is used to investigate the effect of two factors: method (computer-based learning vs. non-computer-based learning) and technique (induction vs. deduction) on the students’ learning of sentence types. The results reveal a new manner of enhancing grammar learning based on the level of language structure complexity. The computer-based learning method is found to be functional for more complex and elaborate structures, like the complex sentence and compound complex sentence, and more complicated grammar structures need to be taught by means of the deductive technique. None of the inductive and deductive techniques is reported to be more practical with simple grammar structures such as the simple sentence and compound sentence.
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SUMARNI, HENA. "KALIMAT DALAM SISINDIRAN DAN WAWANGSALAN ANYAR KARYA DÉDY WINDYAGIRI (Kajian Struktur dan Semantik)." LOKABASA 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jlb.v7i1.3405.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kalimat dalam sisindiran dan wawangsalan anyar. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik studi pustaka. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode distribusional dengan téknik analisis unsur langsung yang diikuti oleh teknik ekspansi, permutasi dan delisi. Temuan-temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah déskripsi tentang bentuk kalimat dalam sisindiran dan wawangsalan yang berupa kalimat majemuk dengan tipe dan pola kalimat yang variatif, hubungan makna antraklausa dalam kalimat majemuk serta kekhasan-kekhasan kalimat dalam sisindiran dan wawangsalan anyar, yakni (1) bentuk kalimat berupa kalimat majemuk, (2) memiliki kebebasan dalam konstruksi (struktur) kalimat, (3) kelonggaran gaya dalam menempatkan urutan kata, dan (4) subyek sering tidak dikatakan.AbtsractThis study aimed to describe the sentences in the text of sisindiran and wawangsalan anyar. The research used descriptive methods. The data collection of this study employed the techniques of literature study. The data processing was distributional method with direct elemental analysis techniques. This was followed by the techniques of expansion, permutation, and deletion. The research findings cover description of the sentence forms in sisindiran and wawangsalan. They are complex sentences containing various sentence patterns and types and meaning relations between clauses in compound sentences. It also contains peculiarities of sentence. The peculiarities are (1) the form of complex sentences, (2) the freedom in construction (structure) of sentences, (3) the flexibility of word order, and (4) the hidden subject.
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Baghana, Jerome, Elena A. Ogneva, Tatiana G. Voloshina, Galina V. Mironova, and Katarina Slobodova Novakova. "Dialogic speech as a field of compound-complex sentence communicative types application." XLinguae 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2020.13.02.20.
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Radünzel, Claudia. "Zur Syntax der russischen Leichten Sprache." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 66, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 446–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2021-0019.
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Summary The present article deals with Easy-to-read Russian. It focuses on the level of syntax which is mainly characterized by the avoidance of complex sentence structures. The necessity to write sentences that are as short and simple as possible is intuitively comprehensible, but often difficult to implement in practice since Easy-to-read texts also have to express causal, final or many other relations. Suggestions for avoiding complex syntactic structures in Russian are submitted and put up for discussion by consulting results and important proposals of studies about German “Leichte Sprache”. This includes both clause constructions and complex sentences with their individual subgroups as well as asyndetic compound sentences. On the whole, the study is intended to make a linguistically substantiated contribution to the development of Easy-to-read Russian, for which there are only initial approaches available today.
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Fujikawa, Naoko. "The Characteristics of Complex Sentence Expression in the Shōbōgenzō: Composition Ratio and Paraphrasing of Compound Sentences." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 69, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.69.2_595.
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Tanasic, Sreto. "Asyndetic sentences with a concretiser." Juznoslovenski filolog 71, no. 3-4 (2015): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1504091t.
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The paper discusses asyndetic sentences, compound sentences without a conjunction between the clauses. Slavic scholars pay considerable attention to these sentences. They predominantly consider asyndetic sentences to be a model of compound sentences, apart from the model of compound conjunctional sentences, and plead that they should be described separately. Asyndetic sentences in contemporary Serbian have not been studied sufficiently. There are few specific papers dedicated to asyndetic sentences, and one can say that there are virtually no papers giving them an in-depth treatment. Therefore, we are so far left without a full insight into how widespread that compound sentence model is in contemporary Serbian and in what variants it occurs, not to mention our even lesser knowledge of its distribution in certain functional styles. This paper describes one type of asyndetic sentences in the contemporary Standard Serbian language. It includes such sentences that have a word or a phrase functioning as the verifier of the semantic relation between the clauses of asyndetic sentences. The paper demonstrates that such sentences take up a sizeable portion of the asyndetic sentence corpus, and that a large number of concretisers occur functioning as the verifiers of different meanings which are established between the clauses. The concretisers, similarly to conjunctions in syndetic sentences, serve the purpose of reducing the typical polysemy of asyndetic sentences to monosemy by assigning a monosemic relation between the clauses while foregrounding one of the possible meanings, and suppressing the others. The paper indicates that coordinate asyndetic sentences express a number of different semantic relations between the clauses. Some of them are expressed in complex sentences, some in compound sentences, and there are also those that can be expressed in both types of conjunctional sentences. The paper presents examples of sentences which have in their second clauses concretisers with conclusive, exclusive, temporal, adversative, causal, concessive, manner, spatial, gradational, respective and explanatory meanings. An array of subtypes occur within some of the types, depending on what semantic relation between the clauses is assigned by the concretisers. Finally, it is woth noting that this paper has more consistently solved the problem of exclusive and conclusive clauses as well. It is not well founded to place them among compound sentences because those sentences have their own conjunctions, whereas these are without conjunctions; it is also not well founded to classify them within some types of compound sentences because some of their classes stand out on account of characteristical conjunctions. Conclusive and exclusive clauses, as the paper demonstrates, are two types of asyndetic sentences with concretisers, the kind better represented in Serbian and which, in their entirety, are a model of asyndetic sentences.
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Wachidah, Kemil. "Keterampilan Menulis Karangan Narasi pada Anak Gifted With Disynchronous Development (Studi Tunggal pada Satu Subjek)." PEDAGOGIA: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v6i1.606.
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This case study described twelve narrative essays of Miko within aspects of language, cognitive, and affective. Miko is Gifted child With Disynchronous Development. The results indicated that the narrative essays in aspects of language, cognitive, and affective, as follows: 1) organizing content according to the narrative structure that consists of five components, namely opening, inciting moment, development stage, denouement and ending; 2) choice of words (diction) that appear in the narrative essays are general and specific words, abstract, slang, foreign, and a figure of speech metaphor; 3) the sentences that appear in the narrative essays are simple sentence, compound sentence, and complex sentence; 4) tools of cohesion grammatical in the narrative essays are reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction; and 5) specific style of spelling was found consistently in the narrative essays; 6) cognitive skill of Miko in the narrative essays is inference; and 7) affective skill of Miko are openness, sympathetic, gracious, and emphathetic in the narrative essays.
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Syafitri, Dewi, and Maharani Robiatul Islam. "A Sociolinguistic Study on Joke In Ghostbusters 2016." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v1i2.185.
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The objectives of the research were to describe the forms and the functions of joke in Ghostbusters 2016 movie. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method in classifying and analyzing the forms and functions of joke. Ghostbusters 2016 movie was chosen as object of the research. The researcher used documentation in collecting the data. Technique for analyzing the data was identification, classification, reduction, description and conclusion. The result of the research: 1) form; 5 words (proper noun, determiner, uncountable noun), 7 phrases (prepositional phrase, noun phrase, verb phrase), and 59 sentences (simple sentence, complex sentence, compound sentence, imperative sentence, exclamatory sentence). 2) function; joke to build sense of togetherness in informal setting that was used in close relationship 10 jokes, joke to amuse others and her or him self in informal setting that was used in close relationship 22 jokes, joke to hostile others with violent behavior and teasing in informal setting that was used in distant relationship 10 jokes. In brief, the most frequent form and function was used in Ghostbusters 2016 movie was simple sentence and using joke to amuse others and her or him self in informal setting that was used in close relationship was the most frequent used in Ghostbusters 2016 movie.
Keyword: sociolinguistics, joke, comedy movie, ghostbusters
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Darchuk, Natalia. "Compiling of the Electronic Dictionary of Models of the Ukrainian Language Multicomponent Complex Sentences." Ukrainian Linguistics, no. 49 (2019): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/um/49(2019).117-129.
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The purpose of this study is to construct an automatic syntactic analysis (ASA) and, as a result, to compile a dictionary of models of multicomponent complex sentences for studying the fectures of the linear structure of Ukrainian text. The process includes two-stages: the first stage is an automatic syntactic analysis of the hierarchical type which results in building of a dependency tree (DT), in the second stage, the sentence structure information is automatically extracted from the obtained graph. ASA is a package of operations performed with a string of morphological information (the result of AMA work) representing the incoming text for determination of syntactic relations between text units. The outgoing text for the ACA is a string of information reduced after the AMA to wordforms. We have studied features of the linear structure of 2000 Ukrainian language sentences in journalistic genre (selection of 52000 words use). Based on the obtained results, we have constructed the real models of the syntactic structure of sentences, in which the relations between simple clauses were presented. All grammatical situations of the linear context were possible manifestations of models in the text. Based on that data, the algorithm for the automatic generation of a complex sentence model was created. These models are linear syntax grammar. All types of syntactic connection between the main and subordinate clauses are recorded algorithmically. Thus, it is possible to build the interpretations of the linear structure of the Ukrainian language sentence almost not using lexical-semantic information. The theoretical value of the paper is in extension of our knowledge about the structure of the syntactic level of the language and the variety of mechanisms functioning at that level. The applied value, is first of all, in creation of the dictionary of compatibility of compound (coordinated) and complex (subordinated) sentences, and in the possibility of constructing requests to the Ukrainian language Corpus in order to mine from the text definite models sentences, creating own dictionaries of authors and styles.
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Mitrenina, Olga V. "The Syntax of Pseudo-Correlative Constructions with the Pronoun KOTORYJ (‘Which’) in Middle Russian." Slovene 1, no. 1 (2012): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2012.1.1.4.
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This article takes a close look at pseudo-correlatives: multiple sentences in Middle Russian with the pronoun kotoryj ‘which’ in the first clause. It will be argued that they lack correlatives features and that korotyj in such constructions was not a relative but an indefinite pronoun, like the Russian nekotoryj, koe-kakoj. The pseudo-correlatives of Middle Russian are the result of the intermediate stage of the process of the grammaticalization of kotoryj from indefinite to relative pronoun that caused the transformation of the compound constructions into the complex sentence.
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Ubaydullaevich, Mamasoliev Ikrom. "Formation of Syntactic Connection in Modern German Applied Constructions." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39444.
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Annotation: The article analyzes the problems of formation of syntactic connections in applied constructions in modern fiction. The author tried to justify the need to separate the applied phenomenon as a separate type of syntactic connection with specific structural and semantic features. Applied phenomenon is expressed by a stylistic style that allows one or another piece of information in a sentence to be activated and is a type of syntactic connection in the modern syntactic system of the German language that requires more consistent and systematic study and description. Keywords: syntactic connection, applied phenomenon, applied construction, complex sentence, compound sentence.
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Nirmal, Yumnam, and Utpal Sharma. "An Initial Study of Tree-Adjoining Grammar Formalism for Parsing Manipuri Language." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 6 (June 2021): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1006.1003.
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We present an initial study into the representation of tree-adjoining grammar formalism for parsing Manipuri language. Being a low resource and computationally less researched language, it is difficult to achieve a natural language parser for Manipuri. Treebanks, which are the main requirement for inducing data-driven parsers, are not available for Manipuri. In this paper, we present an extensive analysis of the Manipuri language structure and formulate a lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar. A generalized structure of Manipuri phrases, clauses and the structure of basic and derived sentences have been presented. The sentence types covered in our analysis are that of simple, compound and complex sentences. Using the tree-adjoining grammar we have formulated, one can implement a Manipuri parser whose results can be of immense help in creating a Treebank for Manipuri.
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Wan, Guangrong, and Chengfa Yu. "A Corpus-Based Study on Mood Combination Preference in Two-Clause Composite Sentences in Modern Chinese." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p311.
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Every clause is associated with a specific expressive intention and bears a specific mood: declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamative. Different moods are combined with the juxtaposition of clauses. A compound sentence has a homogeneous mood combination between its constituent clauses, while the mood in a complex sentence is usually counted on its main clause with the mood in its subordinate clause(s) drowned. Clauses in a Chinese sentence, however, are independent in terms of mood; that is to say, the mood of the whole sentence is the combination of moods of each clause. Tendency for mood combination of two-clause composite sentences in modern Chinese is demonstrated as follows: 1) Homogeneous mood combinations greatly exceed heterogeneous ones; the “declarative + declarative” type outnumbers other types; and there are more combinations with a declarative mood than those without; 2) The more convincing the meaning of a particle indicates, the more frequently the corresponding mood appears in the first part of the combinations; and the mood realized by a modal adverb appears in the second part if another mood is not realized by a modal adverb; 3) A conjunction highly restricts the mood combination; and the frequency of mood combination in coordinate and causal clauses is approximately equal, much higher than that in adversative clauses.
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Johnson, Rebecca L., Sarah Rose Slate, Allison R. Teevan, and Barbara J. Juhasz. "The processing of blend words in naming and sentence reading." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 4 (April 16, 2018): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818768441.
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Research exploring the processing of morphologically complex words, such as compound words, has found that they are decomposed into their constituent parts during processing. Although much is known about the processing of compound words, very little is known about the processing of lexicalised blend words, which are created from parts of two words, often with phoneme overlap (e.g., brunch). In the current study, blends were matched with non-blend words on a variety of lexical characteristics, and blend processing was examined using two tasks: a naming task and an eye-tracking task that recorded eye movements during reading. Results showed that blend words were processed more slowly than non-blend control words in both tasks. Blend words led to longer reaction times in naming and longer processing times on several eye movement measures compared to non-blend words. This was especially true for blends that were long, rated low in word familiarity, but were easily recognisable as blends.
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Fiorentino, Robert, Jamie Bost, Alyson D. Abel, and Jordan Zuccarelli. "The recruitment of knowledge regarding plurality and compound formation during language comprehension." Mental Lexicon 7, no. 1 (June 8, 2012): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.7.1.02fio.
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Compound formation has been a major focus of research and debate in mental lexicon research. In particular, it has been widely observed that compounds with a regular plural non-head are dispreferred, and a long line of research has examined the nature of this constraint, including which morphological, semantic or phonological properties of the non-head underlie this dispreference. While it is typically assumed that this constraint in fact leads to the barring of a compound analysis to a noun-noun string which would otherwise violate the constraint, its implementation during sentence comprehension has not been thoroughly examined. Using self-paced reading, we demonstrate that knowledge of pluralization and compound formation is immediately utilized in the assignment of structure to noun-noun strings, and that the dispreference for regular plural non-heads in fact leads the parser away from the compound analysis in favor of a more complex grammatical alternative. These results provide new evidence for the online deployment of knowledge regarding pluralization and its interaction with compound formation, and inform our understanding of how morphological information is deployed during, and impacts real-time sentence comprehension.
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Korbozerova, Nina. "SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN SYNTACTIC TYPE (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 35 (2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2019.35.03.
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The Indo-European syntactic system is very stable. This explains the fact that the Spanish and the Ukrainian, originating from a unique linguistic base, in their syntactic structure have a considerable number of common features. The syntactic similarity of comparative languages is manifested of the group of words, sentences and their elements. According to the classification criteria in the languages above mentioned there are a lot of syntactic similarities: are distinguished similar sentence members which are expressed by similar morphological modes. In both languages the order of the words in the sentence are very similar too. Both investigated languages are characterized by the common modes of expression of syntactic relationships and by similar links in word groups. The structure of simple and compound sentences also seems in both languages. Also there are simple and compound sentences, which are subdivided into coordinated and subordinated ones. On the other hand, each of the compared languages has its own distinctive features of the formal, semantic and functional deep level, which is explained by the specific national character of each of the studied languages. In the comparative languages, the group of words, as a succession of two or more significant words linked semantically and grammatically, represents the complex denomination of the phenomena of the reality. It is one of the very important syntactic units, with which we can build the sentences. In both languages there are a lot of isomorphic characters referring to groups of words. In relation to the degree of fusion of its components, the groups of words can be free or fixed. Thus in the groups of free words the lexical meanings of their constituents are conserved. They differ from the fixed ones whose components lose their lexical dependence. The fixed groups are divided into the dependents syntactically and phraseologically. In the comparative languages, the dependent groups syntactically perform a unique syntactic function. They do not split, one of its components is relaxed lexically. The complex character of groups of words can be achieved isomorphically in a similar way: by the amplification of the simple group with a dependent word, by the unification of the nucleus by a simple dependent group, by means of two grammatically dependent elements, by the extension of the direct object.
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Purnama, Syahfitri. "Second Language Aquisition and The Development through Nature-Nurture." JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v2i2.280.
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<p>There are some factors regarding which aspect of second language acquisition is affected by individual learner factors, age, learning style. aptitude, motivation, and personality.<strong> </strong>This research is about English language acquisition of fourth-year child by nature and nurture. The child acquired her second language acquisition at home and also in one of the courses in Jakarta. She schooled by her parents in order to be able to speak English well as a target language for her future time. The purpose of this paper is to see and examine individual learner difference especially in using English as a second language. This study is a library research and retrieved data collected, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed descriptively. The results can be concluded: the child is able to communicate well and also able to construct simple sentences, complex sentences, sentence statement, phrase questions, and explain something when her teacher asks her at school. She is able to communicate by making a simple sentence or compound sentence in well-form (two clauses or three clauses), even though she still not focus to use the past tense form and sometimes she forgets to put bound morpheme -s in third person singular but she can use turn-taking in her utterances. It is a very long process since the child does the second language acquisition. The family and teacher should participate and assist the child, the proven child can learn the first and the second language at the same time.</p>
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KOROLOVA, Tetiana, Oleksandra POPOVA, and Natalya ZHMAYEVA. "Interpretation of the Chinese Press and Features of Its Translation into Ukrainian." WISDOM 17, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v17i1.422.
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The paper develops a methodology for interpreting and analysing translation features (including strategies, tactics, and operations) of the Chinese press within the language pair “Chinese – Ukrainian”. Special attention is paid to the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the Chinese press as manipulative instruments. The philosophical background of the Chinese newspaper lexicon is considered, which stipulates a diverse use of common and specific vocabulary (including terms) from modern Chinese (?? / báihuà), idiomatic expressions (?? / chéngy?), neologisms and literary words from old Chinese (?? / wény?), and emotionally coloured vocabulary. The grammatical level is represented by a fixed word order in a sentence; complex, compound, and two-member simple sentences; all communicative types of sentences; lack of elliptical structures; a large number of particles. The research offers an integrated approach to the study of the strategy of communicatively equivalent translation, translation tactics, and operations when dealing with the Chinese press. Some translation regularities are illustrated.
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Shofiyuddin, Shofiyuddin. "TRANSFORMASI SEMATAN KLAUSA RELATIF PADA TEKS TERJEMAHAN ALQURAN YANG MENGANDUNG ETIKA BERBAHASA." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (January 17, 2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v17i2.9660.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi transformasi sematan klausa relatif, (2) menjelaskan proses terjadinya transformasi sematan, dan (3) menjelaskan kaidah transformasi yang terdapat pada teks terjemahan Alquran yang mengandung etika berbahasa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi, simak, dan catat. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kalimat-kalimat yang terdapat pada terjemahan ayat-ayat Alquran yang mengandung transformasi sematan. Sumber datanya adalah teks terjemahan Alquran yang mengandung etika berbahasa. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode padan ekstralingual dan padan intralingual. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) terdapat 41 kalimat transformasi sematan klausa relatif yang terdapat pada teks terjemahan Alquran yang mengandung etika berbahasa, (2) proses transformasi sematan pada teks terjemahan Alquran yang mengandung etika berbahasa, (3) kaidah transformasi berdasarkan jenis kalimat terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu kalimat kompleks dan kalimat sederhana. Kalimat sederhana hanya terdiri atas satu proses transformasi saja dan dalam penelitian ini terdapat sepuluh. This research aims to (1) identify kinds of relative embedded clauses transformation; (2) describe the transformation process, and (3) describe the transformation principles of the Holy Quran translation that contains language ethics. The data collection techniques for the study involved documents mining, observation and recording. The data were in the form of translated sentences of the Quran that contained embedded transformation. The data source was translated text of the Quran that reflected language ethics. Data analysis of this study involved intralingual and extralingual methods. Data triangulation was also employed to cross-check the reliability of the data. The results of the analysis indicate that (1) there are forty-one sentences of relative embedded clauses transformation in the translated text of the Holy Quran that contains language ethics, (2) embedded transformation process in the translation of the Quran contains language ethics, and (3) the transformation principles based on sentence types are of two types: complex and compound sentences. A compound sentence only involved one transformation process, and there are ten such sentences revealed in the present study.
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Jegede, Olusegun Oladele. "Syntactic Analysis of Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v3i3.11068.
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This study aimed at examining the syntactic devices in the inaugural speech of Donald Trump. The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative method. The study used frequencies and statistics to examine the frequency of occurrence of the syntactic devices used in the speech. The study also focused on how the devices helped in the interpretation of the speech. The speech was critically read. The syntactic devices (sentence types, modality, conjunctions, adverbials and pronouns) used in the speech were identified, categorised, interpreted and discussed according to the ideas presented in the speech. The findings revealed that the types of sentences employed were simple, complex, and compound sentences. He used more of simple sentences to achieve succinctness in his speech. He also used syntactic devices such as modal verbs, conjunctions, personal pronouns and adverbial phrases to accomplish conciseness, logicality, accuracy and effectiveness in his speech. The study concluded that the use of syntactic devices helped the speaker to achieve cohesion in the speech, thereby enabling him to express his motives, plans, feelings, and expectations from the Americans.
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Christianto, Danin. "COMPOUND WORDS IN ENGLISH." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 23, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v23i1.2030.
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Language is a means of communication which is used by living beings to communicate with each other. There are many important components in language to create a successful communication, such as sound, sentence, meaning, and etc. One of the components is word. Word can be considered as a complex part in language since it has many different forms. Compound word, for example, is a word which is formed through one of the word-formation processes by combining one lexical item with another and thus produces a new word with a new meaning. This paper investigates the types of English compounds and the lexical categories which are resulted from the process of compounding. The first results showed that the types of English compounds are endocentric, exocentric, and copulative compounds. The second results showed that the lexical categories resulted from the process of compounding are noun compound, verb compound, and adjective compound. Based on the results, the researcher hopes that readers can gain deeper insight and knowledge on English compound words.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2020.230103
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Yu, Ying. "Mechanical Engineering in English Teaching." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.192.
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Based on the characteristic of English for mechanical engineering (EME) curriculum, an analysis is made of the EME teaching situation and learners’ requirement, and then the EME teaching practice is researched from the respects of teaching materials selection, acquisition of vocabulary, analysis of long complex sentence, training of students autonomous learning and diversity of teaching methods in order to well cultivate compound talents needed in the new century.
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Ivanovic, Maja. "Characteristics of written syntax in ten-year-old fourth-graders." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 47, no. 1 (2015): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1501109i.
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The main purpose of this study is to present an inventory of different types of syntactic constructions found in written discourse of ten-year-old fourth graders, that is, to examine the existing variations in text syntactic structures which were produced by fourth graders. Written text corpus was collected from 88 fourth graders from Belgrade. In three different sessions, students composed three texts in three different genres: narrative, expository, and argumentative. Thematic and genre versatility enriched the corpus and created favourable conditions for elicitation of different types of syntactic constructions. Different quantitative and qualitative characteristics of texts from the database were taken into account and analysed: the mean length of text measured by the number of words, the number of utterances, and the mean length of utterance measured by the number of words and clauses, as well as the presence of various types of syntactic constructions (kernel, simple, compound, complex and complex-compound sentences). The frequency of appearance of each of these was then established. The results provide an insight into the average length of texts and sentences produced by the fourth-grade primary school pupils, as well as into the means used to produce them (the kind of sentences they form). The results are much more valuable because they are concerned with examining the syntax in children who are native speakers of Serbian. They also show that in ten-year-olds? texts all the analysed types of sentence structure may appear, but the use frequency varies. Besides providing an inventory of syntactic attainments in written production of ten-year-old children, the research presented a new insight into their syntactic competence.
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Patroeva, N. V. "Syntax of the «Poet of Thought» (To the 220th Anniversary of the Birth of Evgeny Baratynsky)." Russian language at school 81, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-2-50-55.
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E. A. Baratynsky’ influence on the 20th-century Russian philosophical lyrics is undeniable. The syntax used by the «poet of thought» demonstrates a tendency towards complication and archaization over time, which generally contradicts the aspirations for the democratization of the poetic syntax that emerged in the Karamzin era. The complexity of the syntactic structure in the poet’s search for a «metaphysical» language is achieved not by increasing the number of complex structures, which make up half of the sentences used by Baratynsky, but rather by saturating sentences with various kinds of clauses (participial, adverbial participial, adjective, noun, adverbial, infinitive) that complicate the model by conjunctive syntagms (prepositional-nominal, comparative, conjunctive), parentheses, vocatives, segments of the «nominative of the theme» type. In an effort to preserve the continuity of poetic traditions for a thoughtful, attentive reader, Baratynsky resorts to archaizing the syllable at the lexical and grammatical levels and, in particular, to using absolute clauses. Complex constructions often accompany iambic trimeter, trisyllabic metres, variable-foot verses consisting of longer and shorter lines characterised by changing the order of stress. Sentences with cumbersome isolated clauses are typical for iambic and dactylic hexameter, metres with a connotation of «high» genres. A more complex syntactic structure is observed in polymetric and variable food poems. The added complexity of syntax in long-sized verses is achieved not by increasing the number of parts of complex structures, but rather by adding clauses and homogeneous parts of the sentence. Large stanza forms are frequently divided into several simple sentences of two or three lines in length. The tradition of poetic rhythm requires a coincidence of the boundaries of quatrain and sentences – their symmetry; therefore, in quatrains, similar to couplets, the occurrence of complex and compound structures is much higher. Free stanza or the lack of stanza division additionally complicates the syntax.
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Gahér, František. "Sentential operators – their interaction (with vectors of time, causality and epistemic relevance) and their constructions." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2020-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper starts by briefly describing the so‐called truth‐functional approach to sentential operators, typical to logic, as opposed to the more multi‐faceted approach of linguistics. The latter reflects the more complex, substantial relations between the contents of utterances, emphasizing the logico‐semantical relations and functions of sentential operators. However, as an alternative to the pragmatically inclined critique of the truth‐functional approach, the paper proposes two possible directions of explaining the specific content of sentential operators by virtue of which they transcend the role of mere truth functions. Firstly, the paper summarizes our previous investigations into the interactions between sentential operators and (1) the vector of the course of events described by a compound sentence, and (2) the direction of grammatical time captured by a compound sentence. The paper focuses on how this interaction is coordinated with the particular epistemic goal (prediction, explanation etc.) pursued when using the meaning of a complex sentence. Using the concepts of necessary and sufficient conditions, and by characterizing the vectors of condition (the if‐vector), time and relevance (dominance or the epistemic vector), the paper demarcates the rules of correspondence for conditional operators as cases of combinatorics, as described by some linguists. Secondly, based on a distinction between different constructions the same operators as truth‐functions, the paper provides a logico‐semantical explanation of the specific meaning of the else, unless and although connectives, traditionally discussed by linguists. We believe that the extensions proposed here move the camp defending a logico‐semantic approach to sentential operators at least somewhat closer to the camp of linguistic investigation.
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Abdel-Hafiz, Ahmed Sokarno. "Question formation strategies in Kunuz Nubian." Technium Social Sciences Journal 11 (August 17, 2020): 529–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v11i1.1452.
Full textAbstract:
This is an analytical and descriptive study that is based on a general theoretical framework which can be characterized as “basic linguistic theory”. It aims to study Kunuz Nubian interrogative pronouns and question markers. Previous studies failed to pay adequate attention to these features. It is an attempt to characterize the strategies used in question formation and to identify the question markers. I argue that the question markers in this Nubian dialect fall into three sets: (a) the set of question markers -yaa, -naa, and -waa are used with sentences (non-copular construction) involving the neural marker -r-. (b) the set of questions markers that are used if the neural marker –r- is in a copular construction: -yaa, -re, -waa. (c) another set of question markers are attached to a declarative sentence in which the verb or copular verb is accompanied with the past tense morpheme. The study has also provided a list of interrogative pronouns that can occur with or without the question markers. Moreover, it has been shown that both compound and complex sentences are turned into interrogatives via the same question strategies used in simple sentences.
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GONZÁLEZ-DÍAZ, VICTORINA. "Recent developments in English intensifiers: the case ofvery much." English Language and Linguistics 12, no. 2 (July 2008): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674308002608.
Full textAbstract:
The nature and behaviour of complex and compound adverbs (e.g.very much,heretofore,anyway) has not received much scholarly attention in recent years. In the case ofvery much, for instance, recent literature (e.g. Dixon 2005) considers it a clause-internal adverb which typically modifies phrasal constituents (e.g.I liked the present very much;very much alive). The latter claim, however, appears to clash with previous observations (cf. Bolinger 1972) on the growing scope of the adverb in Present-day English. Through a corpus-based diachronic study (1500–present day), the present article unearths a number of environments wherevery muchdoes not seem to fit neatly within the functional classifications that it has been assigned to in recent literature and standard grammars of English. It suggests that, from the Late Modern English period onwards (1800–),very muchseems to have been developing sentence modifier functions, hence moving along Traugott's (1995)Internal Adverb > Sentence Adverb > Discourse Particlecline.
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ZIPPRICH, MARY ANN. "Teaching Web Making As a Guided Planning Tool to Improve Student Narrative Writing." Remedial and Special Education 16, no. 1 (January 1995): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259501600102.
Full textAbstract:
In a multiple-baseline aba design across three groups, 13 intermediate-level elementary students with learning disabilities and poor writing ability were taught during a 4-month study how to use a prestructured story web as a technique to improve their narrative story writing ability. performance was measured by 12 target behaviors. Students showed improvement in the two primary target behaviors of planning time and holistic (quality) score following instruction in the web technique, but showed inconsistent results for the other target behaviors of number of words, thoughtunits, density factor, sentence types (fragments, simple, compound, compound/complex), and mechanics (spelling, capitalization, and punctuation). analysis of data included both visual-graphic and mean-to-mean comparisons across phases and individuals. Research to further develop and define the effectiveness of the story web technique as well as other writing instruction strategies is recommended.