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Journal articles on the topic 'Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

O. Odior, Ernest Simeon, and Sabastine Arinze. "THE CONCEPT OF COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS." International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies 04, no. 02 (2022): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2022.4201.

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This paper contributes to the existing literature on the general concept on use of the Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models of importance in developing processes. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are used widely in policy analysis, especially in developed-country academic settings and also for the purpose of sharing these lessons with potential users in developing countries. The range of issues on which CGE models have had an influence is quite wide, and includes structural adjustment policies, international trade, public finance, agriculture, income distribution, and energy

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Liu, Jing, Thomas Hertel, and Farzad Taheripour. "Analyzing Future Water Scarcity in Computable General Equilibrium Models." Water Economics and Policy 02, no. 04 (2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x16500065.

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Incorporating water into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model operating at global scale can be extremely demanding due to the absence of standardized data, the sheer dimensions caused by intersecting river basins with countries, and difficulties to model demand for and supply of water. This has led many authors to introduce water in their CGE modeling framework in different ways and at different spatial and sectoral aggregation levels. Of course, simplifying market for water and sacrificing the geographical realism risk introducing errors caused by inappropriate aggregation. In this pa

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Konan, Demise Eby, and Karl Kim. "Transportation and Tourism in Hawaii: Computable General Equilibrium Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1839, no. 1 (2003): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1839-16.

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Using data from the state of Hawaii input-output (I-O) table, the economic impact of the transportation sector in Hawaii was described, modeled, and forecast under a number of alternative scenarios. Transportation is compared with the key economic sectors in the state in output, exports, household consumption, visitor spending, number of employees, and compensation of employees. Next, the overall transportation sector was disaggregated into key activities and functions to present a more complete picture of the important role of transportation in Hawaii. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) m

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Hossain, Syed Shoyeb, and Huang Delin. "Rice and Wheat Tariff Impact in Bangladesh: CGE Analysis Using Gtap Model." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 10 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n10p63.

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Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are mostly used for agricultural market analysis globally. This paper constructs a Computable General Equilibrium model using Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model followed by the GTAP 9A database. The primary aim of this paper is to analyze the potential impact of tariff increase on Agricultural crop sectors (Rice and Wheat) in Bangladesh and then describes the construction of the database. It also attempts to detect the trend of the tariff change impact on rice and wheat production in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. Using database

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Koks, Elco E., Lorenzo Carrera, Olaf Jonkeren, et al. "Regional disaster impact analysis: comparing input–output and computable general equilibrium models." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (2016): 1911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1911-2016.

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Abstract. A variety of models have been applied to assess the economic losses of disasters, of which the most common ones are input–output (IO) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In addition, an increasing number of scholars have developed hybrid approaches: one that combines both or either of them in combination with noneconomic methods. While both IO and CGE models are widely used, they are mainly compared on theoretical grounds. Few studies have compared disaster impacts of different model types in a systematic way and for the same geographical area, using similar input data.

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Koks, E. E., L. Carrera, O. Jonkeren, et al. "Regional disaster impact analysis: comparing Input-Output and Computable General Equilibrium models." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 11 (2015): 7053–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-7053-2015.

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Abstract. A large variety of models has been developed to assess the economic losses of disasters, of which the most common ones are Input-Output (IO) and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. In addition, an increasing numbers of scholars has developed hybrid approaches; one that combines both or either of them in combination with non-economic methods. While both IO and CGE models are widely used, they are mainly compared on theoretical grounds. Few studies have compared disaster impacts of different model types in a systematic way and for the same geographical area, using similar inpu

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Wang, Shiyu. "Correlation Analysis between Tourism and Economic Growth Based on Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE)." Journal of Sensors 2022 (June 20, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6497125.

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The current tourism industry has the problems of low service efficiency, poor coordinated development, and slow economic growth in terms of service volume and economic growth. This paper is based on computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Firstly, a CGE data analysis model based on bee colony intensive breakthrough algorithm is established to store and analyze the data in the whole chain of tourism. Then, combined with the comparative analysis of tourism economic data over the years, it is fed back to the CGE model for error analysis. Finally, relevant experiments are designed to analyze t

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Robson, Edward, and Vinayak V. Dixit. "Constructing a Database for Computable General Equilibrium Modeling of Sydney, Australia, Transport Network." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2606, no. 1 (2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2606-07.

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In the search for benefits to justify transport projects, economic appraisals have increasingly incorporated the valuation of impacts to the wider economy. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models provide a framework to estimate these impacts by simulating the interactions of urban economies and transport networks. In CGE models, households and firms are represented by microeconomic behavioral functions, and markets adjust according to prices. As markets both inside and outside the transport network are taken into account, a wide variety of measures that can assist in economic appraisals ca

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Widyastutik, Widyastutik, Suahasil Nazara, Rina Oktaviani, and Djamester Simarmata. "Trade Barrier Elimination, Economics of Scale and Market Competition: Computable General Equilibrium Model." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 6, no. 2 (2017): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5279.

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The ASEAN and its dialogue partner countries agreed to reduce trade barriers in the services sector, one of which is sea transport services. The purpose of this study is to estimate the equivalent tax of non-tariff barriers in the sea transport services. Besides that, this study is going to analyze the economic impacts of the regulatory barriers elimination in the sea transport services of ASEAN and its dialogue partner countries. Using the gravity model, it can be identified that trade barriers of sea transport services sector of ASEAN and dialogue partner countries are still relatively high.

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10

Dixon, Peter B., and Maureen T. Rimmer. "Analysing Convergence with a Multi-Country Computable General Equilibrium Model: PPP versus Mer." Energy & Environment 16, no. 6 (2005): 901–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830505775221524.

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In studies of the greenhouse gas implications of convergence by developing countries to the per-capita GNPs of developed countries, considerable discussion has centred on whether purchasing power parity (PPP) or market exchange rates (MER) should be used in measuring per-capita GNPs. We suggest that technology gaps between developing and developed countries should be the starting point for convergence analysis rather than per-capita GNP gaps. We estimate two sets of initial technology gaps, using PPP and MER price assumptions combined with input-output data. In simulating the effects of closin

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Nadoveza, Ozana, Tomislav Sekur, and Marija Beg. "General Equilibrium Effects of Lower Labor Tax Burden in Croatia." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, s1 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0009.

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AbstractThis paper examines the effects of lower labor tax burden in Croatia by using Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. It is a 5-sector (households, firms, government, investors and foreigners) model and economy is disaggregated on three highly aggregated sectors. One of the major advantages of CGE modeling is the evaluation of the overall effects of policy changes, shocks and reforms in the economy. We do this by lowering taxes on labor and simulating changes of all endogenous variables in the model simultaneously. Lastly, we provide sensitivity analysis results. Our results sugges

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McDonald, Nicola J., and Garry W. McDonald. "Towards a Dynamic Equilibrium-Seeking Model of a Closed Economy." Systems 8, no. 4 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems8040042.

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Economics has long been concerned with the development of tools to help understand and describe the interactions among economic actors including the circular flow of economic resources. This paper expands our available toolkit of models, by describing a novel dynamic equilibrium-seeking model of a closed economy. The model retains many of the key features of state-of-the-art Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models including economic interdependence, input substitution, nested production functions, and so on. A distinguishing feature of this model is that it adopts price-related balancing f

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Hartono, Djoni, and Budy P. Resosudarmo. "Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Harga Energi terhadap Perekonomian dan Distribusi Pendapatan di DKI Jakarta: Aplikasi Model Komputasi Keseimbangan Umum." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2004): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v5i1.101.

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Studi ini hendak menganalisa dampak dan kebijakan harga energi Indonesia terhadap perekonomian kota Jakarta; khususnya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga miskin. Studi ini juga berusaha memformulasikan kebijakan regional yang penting bagi Jakarta untuk menurunkan dampak negative dan kebijakan energi nasional ini terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga miskin. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, dibangun sebuah model CGE (computable general equilibrium) regional. Model ini merupakan model CGE pertama di Indonesia yang dikembangkan untuk sebuah kota.

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Alavalapati, Janaki RR, Wiktor L. Adamowicz, and William A. White. "A comparison of economic impact assessment methods: the case of forestry developments in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 5 (1998): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-049.

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Economic impacts of forestry developments in Alberta are estimated using two interindustry approaches. The results suggest that estimates derived from input-output (I-O) models differ from those of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. Employment and GDP estimates derived from CGE models are much smaller than those of I-O models. Unlike I-O estimates, estimates derived from CGE models are not unidirectional because of general equilibrium effects. The results also indicate that CGE models provide greater flexibility and have more potential for forest policy analysis when compared with I-

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Chen, Keyao, Guizhi Wang, Lingyan Wu, et al. "PM2.5 Pollution: Health and Economic Effect Assessment Based on a Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (2019): 5102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245102.

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At present particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution represents a serious threat to the public health and the national economic system in China. This paper optimizes the whitening coefficient in a grey Markov model by a genetic algorithm, predicts the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and then quantifies the health effects of PM2.5 pollution by utilizing the predicted concentration, computable general equilibrium (CGE), and a carefully designed exposure–response model. Further, the authors establish a social accounting matrix (SAM), calibrate the parameter values in the CGE model, a

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Peichl, Andreas. "Simulationsmodelle zur ex ante Evaluation von Steuerreformen." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 58, no. 1 (2009): 127–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2009-0109.

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AbstractMicrosimulation models (MSM) and Computable General Equilibrium models (CGE) have both been widely used in policy analysis. The combination of these two model types allows the utilization of the advantages of both types. The aim of this paper is to describe the state-of-the-art in simulation modeling and to demonstrate the benefits of linking both model types modeling using a flat tax reform proposal for Germany

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Peter Mgeni, Charles, Klaus Müller, and Stefan Sieber. "Reducing Edible Oil Import Dependency in Tanzania: A Computable General Equilibrium CGE Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (2019): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164480.

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Reducing food imports and promoting domestically produced food commodities are long-standing goals for policymakers and other stakeholders in sub-Saharan African countries. For instance, Tanzania, after a long period of dependency on imported food commodities, such as sugar and edible oils, intends to meet its demand for these commodities through domestic production by transforming its agriculture sector to achieve this goal. Applying a general computable equilibrium (CGE) model, this study determines the multiplier effects of technological progress that is assumed to foster domestic edible oi

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Domingues, Edson Paulo, and Eduardo Amaral Haddad. "Sensitivity Analysis in Computable General Equilibrium Models: An Application for the Regional Effects of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)." Brazilian Review of Econometrics 25, no. 1 (2005): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/bre.v25n12005.2674.

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The goal of this paper is to explore an applied tool for sensitivity analysis in computable general equilibrium models (CGE). An interregional CGE model is used to assess the impacts of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) on Brazilian regions. As interregional substitution and factor mobility can be the key mechanisms that drive the model results, one should take closer attention to the estimated regional trade elasticities. Since information for proper estimation is rarely available, qualitative sensitivity analysis should be designed and used together with systematic quantitative sens

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19

Waters, Edward C., and Chang K. Seung. "Impacts of Recent Shocks to Alaska Fisheries: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model Analysis." Marine Resource Economics 25, no. 2 (2010): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5950/0738-1360-25.2.155.

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Wright, Robert E. "Demographic applications of over-lapping generations computable general equilibrium (OLG-CGE) models." Economic Modelling 35 (September 2013): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.010.

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21

Kearney, M., and J. H. Van Heerden. "Zero-rating food in South Africa: A computable general equilibrium analysis." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 7, no. 3 (2004): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i3.1362.

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Zero-rating food is considered to alleviate poverty of poor households who spend the largest proportion of their income on food. However, this will result in a loss of revenue for government. A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is used to analyze the combined effects on zero-rating food and using alternative revenue sources to compensate for the loss in revenue. To prohibit excessively high increases in the statutory VAT rates of business and financial services, increasing direct taxes or increasing VAT to 16 per cent, is investigated. Increasing direct taxes is the most successful op

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Macmillan, W. D. "General Economic Equilibrium with Dispersed Preferences over Discrete Alternatives: An Existence Proof Using Optimisation." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 12 (1995): 2019–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a272019.

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This paper is concerned with the foundations of urban spatial interaction modelling but is cast in a more general form. Its purpose is to establish a sound microeconomic basis for the construction of CGE (computable general equilibrium) models of cities. It is based on three premises: (1) before trying to compute equilibria, it is prudent to show that they exist; (2) careful consideration of the circumstances under which they exist is advantageous both technically and theoretically; (3) by constructing an existence proof which centres on a mathematical programming problem, it is possible to fo

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Dzyuba, Yu A., and I. K. Bakalova. "Application of CGE Models as a Climate Policy Assessment Tool: Bibliometric Analysis." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-4-129-140.

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In this study, we conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aimed at structuring the existing economic literature that employs Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models, and identifying key trends and main research areas. Using the authors’ methodology, we analyze the sample of 3760 domestic and foreign papers on CGE models published in 759 scientific journals in the period from 1995 to 2021. The main research questions are the applicability of the analyzed models for solving current environmental and economic issues and its relevance in modern realities. We show the potential of CGE mod

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Galindev, Ragchaasuren, and Bernard Decaluwe. "Endogenous Capital Utilization in CGE Models: A Mongolian Application with the PEP-1-1 Model." Journal of Global Economic Analysis 7, no. 1 (2022): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/jgea.070103af.

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This paper extends the PEP-1-1 model (a static computable general equilibrium, or CGE, model for small open economies) to incorporate variable capital utilization. It argues that CGE models with fixed sectoral capital may underestimate the impact of shocks in the short run by ignoring industries’ adjustment of their capital utilization rate (or intensity of use) in response to changes in their economic environment. The model is calibrated to a 2014 Mongolian social accounting matrix. An increase in the export price of coal is considered as a shock for demonstration purposes. Compared to the st

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Zalai, Ernő, and Tamás Révész. "The Issue of Macroeconomic Closure Revisited and Extended." Acta Oeconomica 66, no. 1 (2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2016.66.1.1.

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Léon Walras (1874) had already realised that his neo-classical general equilibrium model could not accommodate autonomous investments. In the early 1960s, Amartya Sen analysed the same issue in a simple, one-sector macroeconomic model of a closed economy. He showed that fixing investment in the model, built strictly on neo-classical assumptions, would make the system overdetermined, and thus one should loosen some neo-classical conditions of competitive equilibrium. He analysed three not neo-classical “closure options”, which could make the model well-determined in the case of fixed investment

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Akbulut, Hale, and Hüseyin Taylan Eğen. "Import Tariffs and Informal Labour Market: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis for Turkey." Review of Economic Analysis 13, no. 2 (2021): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v13i2.4046.

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From the 1980s to onwards trade liberalization policies have been widely used in many countries. This process has significant impacts on many economic aspects one of which is on the labour market. However, the direction of the relationship between trade reforms and the labour market is controversial. This study aims to analyse the effects of a specific trade reform of import tariff changes on the formal and informal labour market for Turkey. For that purpose, we benefit from Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model that relies on nonlinear simultaneous equations. We construct an updated Soci

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Bauer, Dana Marie, and Ian Sue Wing. "Economic Consequences of Pollinator Declines: A Synthesis." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 39, no. 3 (2010): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007371.

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This paper surveys the literature on pollinator declines and related concerns regarding global food security. Methods for valuing the economic risks associated with pollinator declines are also reviewed. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is introduced to assess the effects of a global catastrophic loss of pollinators. There appears to be evidence supporting a trend towards future pollinator shortages in the United States and other regions of the world. Results from the CGE model show economic risks to both direct crop sectors and indirect noncrop sectors in the economy, with some

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Phomsoda, Korrakot, Nattapong Puttanapong, and Mongkut Piantanakulchai. "Economic Impacts of Thailand’s Biofuel Subsidy Reallocation Using a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082272.

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For two decades, the Thai government has been promoting ethanol and biodiesel consumption through tax measures and price subsidies. Although this policy has substantially increased the consumption and production of biofuels, there is concern regarding its future fiscal burden. Due to fiscal constraints, the Thai government has planned to completely terminate the biofuel subsidy by 2022. This study aims at examining the economy-wide impacts of removing the biofuel subsidy and also conducting simulations of alternative scenarios, i.e., improving the yield of energy crops and reallocating the bur

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Farajzadeh, Zakariya, and Mohammad Bakhshoodeh. "Economic and environmental analyses of Iranian energy subsidy reform using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model." Energy for Sustainable Development 27 (August 2015): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2015.06.002.

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Muhammad Taali, Triana Prihatinta, and Ardila Prihadyatama. "PENUAAN POPULASI DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI MAKRO JANGKA PANJANG DI ASIA TIMUR." MANAJEMEN 1, no. 2 (2021): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/manajemen.v1i2.140.

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This study will examine the impact of the population aging phenomenon on innovation and long-term macroeconomic balance in several East Asian countries. The variables used in this study include the number of elderly population, population growth, income per capita, birth rate, death rate, institutional quality, education level, unemployment rate and gross national expenditure. The data analysis method that will be used is the Monash-China Hunan-University General Equilibrium (MC-HUGE) model which is the development of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The MC-HUGE model is built o

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KARIM, Mohamed, and Mohamed EL MOUSSAOUI. "Education and Poverty in Morocco: A Computable General Equilibrium Micro-simulation Analysis." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 6, no. 1 (2020): p116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v6n1p116.

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The paper uses a micro-simulation computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze the impact on poverty of public spending in higher education in Morocco. The model incorporates 7062 households derived from the 2007 National Survey on Household Living Standards (ENNVM). Two scenarios are simulated: a 100% reduction in the unit cost of higher education supported by households and a 50% reduction in public spending on higher education. In this study, it is assumed that the investment behavior of households is linked to the share of the unit cost financed by the government in higher educati

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Narayan, Paresh Kumar. "An econometric model of the determinants of private investment and a CGE model of the impact of democracy on investment and economic growth in Fiji." International Journal of Social Economics 35, no. 12 (2008): 1017–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290810911525.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct an econometric model of the determinants of private investment with a particular focus on the impact of democracy on investment.Design/methodology/approachThe first step was to econometrically derive the long‐run elasticities; then to modify the Fiji computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to incorporate the investment function. Also the econometrically derived long run elasticities in the CGE model were used.FindingsIt was found that democracy has a positive and statistically significant impact on private investment in Fiji. The paper's simu

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Dwyer, Larry, Peter Forsyth, and Ray Spurr. "Inter-Industry Effects of Tourism Growth: Implications for Destination Managers." Tourism Economics 9, no. 2 (2003): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101298303.

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The study of the economic contribution of tourism has recently undergone a ‘paradigm shift’ as a result of the use of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models in place of input–output models. In a CGE model which incorporates a realistic set of economy-wide constraints, the effects of tourism growth on destination income and employment cannot be anticipated a priori. The development and application of this superior technique have major implications for the way that tourism economists must now think about the economic impacts of tourism and for the policy advice they give to decision makers

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Hossain, Syed Shoyeb, and Huang Delin. "Technology Implication of Agricultural Sectors in China: A CGE Analysis Based on CHINAGEM Model." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 17 (2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p75.

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The primary goal of Chinese agricultural development is to guarantee national food security and the supply of major agricultural products. Hence, the improvement of agricultural technology plays a vital role in China for economic development. Technological change in agricultural sector results in higher future economic growth as well as food security, both in food consumption and availability. By constructing China&rsquo;s agriculture general equilibrium model (CGE), this paper explains the impact of agricultural technology change. This paper constructs a dynamic CGE model based on CHINAGE

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Xu, Ping, Weiyu Wang, and Chunxia Wei. "Economic and Environmental Effects of Public Transport Subsidy Policies: a Spatial CGE Model of Beijing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3843281.

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Public transport plays an important role in the environment. This study established a Spatial Computable General Equilibrium (SCGE) model to examine the economic and environmental effects of public transport subsidy policies. The model includes firms, consumers, and traffic modules in one framework. Statistical data from Beijing were used in calibration to obtain benchmark equilibrium. Based on the equilibrium, simulations compared citywide social welfare, jobs-housing spatial population distribution, and environmental outputs under four subsidy policies: fare subsidy, cash grants, road expans

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Erero, Jean Luc. "Contribution of VAT to economic growth: A dynamic CGE analysis." Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 22–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.02.

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Aim/purpose – This study sought to assess the impact of an increased historical fixed VAT rate of 14% to the current rate of 15% on the South African economy. Design/methodology/approach – The method applied in this study was based on a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to evaluate the impact of both the VAT rate of 14% and a new rate of 15% on the South African economy. The CGE model has been proven over the years to be a suitable model when evaluating the impact assessment of any shock within an economy. Enhancements were made by the researcher to the direct and indirect tax

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Roos, Elizabeth Louisa, and Philip David Adams. "Fiscal reform: a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 14, no. 4 (2021): 812–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-05-2020-0223.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide a quantitative assessment of the broad economic effects of tax policy reform in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Design/methodology/approach Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the KSA, three simulations are run. The first simulation is the baseline simulation, which generates growth paths of the Saudi economy in the absence of tax reform. In developing the baseline simulation, this study incorporates forecasts from the International Monetary Fund. The remaining simulations are policy simulations. A policy simulation deviates from

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Yin, Jieting, Qingyou Yan, Kaijie Lei, Tomas Baležentis, and Dalia Streimikiene. "Economic and Efficiency Analysis of China Electricity Market Reform Using Computable General Equilibrium Model." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020350.

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China’s electricity industry has been undergoing a process of regulatory reform. This study aims to analyse the impact of liberalization on the electricity market assuming different degrees of scope of the reforms by applying a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. In this paper, we consider the three sub-sectors of the electricity industry, namely generation, transmission and distribution. We assume that the reform will phase out the entry barriers on the generation side and allow for competition on the distribution side, while keeping the transmission side under regulation. The results

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Ihalanayake, Ranjith. "Tourism taxes and negative externalities in tourism in australia: A CGE approach." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 4 (2013): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i4c1art4.

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In this paper we analyse general equilibrium effects of an increase in a tourism tax which we hypothetically designed to internalise negative externalities of international tourism in Australia. Several simulations were carried out using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Australian economy. The simulations were carried out assuming two different economic environments, the short-run and the long-run. The simulation results suggest that due to an increase in tourism taxes, the international tourism sector tends to contract while the other sectors expand. Overall, an increase in

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Xie, W., N. Li, J. D. Wu, and X. L. Hao. "Modeling the economic costs of disasters and recovery: analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 4 (2014): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-757-2014.

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Abstract. Disaster damages have negative effects on the economy, whereas reconstruction investment has positive effects. The aim of this study is to model economic causes of disasters and recovery involving the positive effects of reconstruction activities. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is a promising approach because it can incorporate these two kinds of shocks into a unified framework and furthermore avoid the double-counting problem. In order to factor both shocks into the CGE model, direct loss is set as the amount of capital stock reduced on the supply side of the economy; a

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Feltenstein, Andrew, Mark Rider, David L. Sjoquist, and John V. Winters. "Reducing Property Taxes on Homeowners." Public Finance Review 45, no. 4 (2016): 484–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116667210.

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We consider a proposal that reduces by half the taxes on homesteaded properties and replaces the lost revenue by increasing the base and rate of the state sales tax. We develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and a microsimulation model (MSM) to analyze the economic and welfare effects of such a proposal if adopted in Georgia. The results from the CGE model suggest that the proposed reforms have a substantial negative effect in percentage terms on Georgia’s economy. The MSM suggests that such a policy has no effect on the distribution of consumption by income class but increases t

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Takeda, Shiro, and Toshi H. Arimura. "A computable general equilibrium analysis of environmental tax reform in Japan with a forward-looking dynamic model." Sustainability Science 16, no. 2 (2021): 503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00903-4.

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AbstractThe Japanese government plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. However, it is not yet clear which policy measures the government will adopt to achieve this goal. In this regard, environmental tax reform, which is the combination of carbon regulation and the reduction of existing distortionary taxes, has attracted much attention. This paper examines the effects of an environmental tax reform in Japan. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we analyze the quantitative impacts of an environmental tax reform and clarify which types of environmental ta

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Bosello, Francesco, Fabio Eboli, Ramiro Parrado, Paolo A. D. L. Nunes, Helen Ding, and Renato Rosa. "La valoración económica de cambios en servicios del ecosistema: Una aplicación de la metodología CGE." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 11, no. 1 (2011): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2011.01.08.

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<span>The present study integrates Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling with biodiversity services, proposing a possible methodology for assessing climate-change impacts on ecosystems. The assessment focuses on climate change impacts on carbon sequestration services provided by European forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and on provisioning services, but provided by forest and cropland ecosystems only. To do this via a CGE model it is necessary to identify first the role that these ecosystem services play in marketable transactions; then how climate change can impact the

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Dixon, Peter B., Maureen Rimmer, and Nhi Tran. "Creating a Disaggregated CGE Model for Trade Policy Analysis: GTAP-MVH." Foreign Trade Review 55, no. 1 (2020): 42–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519886785.

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Thousands of economists spread across almost every country use the GTAP model to analyse trade policies including trade wars and trade agreements. GTAP has an impressive regional coverage (140 countries), but the standard commodity coverage (57 commodities/industries) can cause frustration when tariffs on narrowly defined products are being negotiated. This article sets out a method for disaggregating commodities/industries in computable general equilibrium models such as GTAP and applies it to GTAP’s motor vehicle sector. The method makes use of readily available highly disaggregated trade da

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Fang, Guohua, Ting Wang, Xinyi Si, Xin Wen, and Yu Liu. "Discharge Fee Policy Analysis: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model of Water Resources and Water Environments." Water 8, no. 9 (2016): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w8090413.

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Decaluwé, Bernard, André Lemelin, and David Bahan. "Endogenous Labour Supply with Several Occupational Categories in a Bi-regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model." Regional Studies 44, no. 10 (2010): 1401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343401003713324.

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Njoya, Eric Tchouamou, and Ahmad Muhammad Ragab. "Economic Impacts of Public Air Transport Investment: A Case Study of Egypt." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (2022): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052651.

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This paper applies an input–output (I-O) approach and a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the economy-wide short- and long-run impacts of an increase in public capital investment in air transport infrastructure. The results of the I-O analysis reveal that air transport has above-average backward linkages with other sectors in the economy, with mining being the most intensive industry in intermediate input demand for air transport. The results of the CGE simulation show that at the macroeconomic level, expanding public air transport stock induces modest growth in GDP

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Ochuodho, Thomas O., and Van A. Lantz. "Economic impacts of climate change in the forest sector: a comparison of single-region and multiregional CGE modeling frameworks." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 5 (2014): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0317.

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Climate change impacts on forests are largely expected to intensify over the next few decades. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling is increasingly becoming a popular tool for assessing these impacts. Previous analyses in this area have been based on either single-region or multiregional CGE model specifications, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. To date, however, there has been no systematic comparison of the potential differences in economic impact estimates between the two CGE model specifications. To examine the extent of these potential differences, we conducted a

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Winchester, Niven, and Sebastian Rausch. "A Numerical Investigation of the Potential for Negative Emissions Leakage." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (2013): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.320.

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Emissions restrictions in one region may decrease emissions elsewhere (negative leakage), as increased demand for capital and labor to abate emissions in constrained regions may reduce output in unconstrained regions. We investigate leakage in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models under alternative fossil fuel supply elasticity values and factor mobility assumptions. We find that fossil fuel supply elasticities must be equal or close to infinity to generate net negative leakage. As empirical estimates for fossil fuel supply elasticities are less than 1, we conclude that leakage estimates

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Jung, Jaewon. "The Effects of China’s Participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP): A Quantitative Assessment." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010344.

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This paper aims to quantify the effects of China’s participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), in particular by focusing on the possible productivity effects through the endogenous assignment of skills to technologies. In this paper, we develop a large-scale global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in which firms are heterogeneous in technologies and workers are heterogeneous in individual skill levels so that equilibrium skill–technology assignments are endogenously determined. This study contributes to the literature with the n

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