Academic literature on the topic 'Corresponding of two lines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Corresponding of two lines"
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Wilcox, Rand R. "Comparing robust regression lines corresponding to two independent groups." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 21, no. 5 (1992): 1255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929208830844.
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McVetty, P. B. E., and R. Pinnisch. "Comparison of the effect of nap and pol cytoplasms on the performance of three summer oilseed rape cultivar-derived isoline pairs." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (1994): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-130.
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The pol cytoplasm is a male sterile cytoplasm with potential for use in hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production while the nap cytoplasm is the one most commonly encountered in summer rape cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three cultivar-derived summer rape isoline pairs in the nap and pol cytoplasms to determine the relative effect on performance of these two cytoplasms. One nap line yielded significantly more than its corresponding pol line, three nap lines had significantly higher oil content than their corresponding pol lines, two nap lines had significantly higher protein content than their corresponding pol lines, and two nap lines produced significantly more seed energy than their corresponding pol lines. There are pleiotropic negative effects (biological costs) associated with the pol cytoplasm. These negative effects are affected by nuclear genotype and appear to be related to the depth of male sterility expressed in the derived pol A-line. Key words: Cytoplasm cost, Brassica napus L., cytoplasmic male sterility
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Guo, Kai, Rui Cao, Ye Tian, Binyuan Ji, Xuefeng Dong, and Xuyang Li. "Pose and Focal Length Estimation Using Two Vanishing Points with Known Camera Position." Sensors 23, no. 7 (2023): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073694.
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This paper proposes a new pose and focal length estimation method using two vanishing points and a known camera position. A vanishing point can determine the unit direction vector of the corresponding parallel lines in the camera frame, and as input, the unit direction vector of the corresponding parallel lines in the world frame is also known. Hence, the two units of direction vectors in camera and world frames, respectively, can be transformed into each other only through the rotation matrix that contains all the information of the camera pose. Then, two transformations can be obtained because there are two vanishing points. The two transformations of the unit direction vectors can be regarded as transformations of 3D points whose coordinates are the values of the corresponding unit direction vectors. The key point in this paper is that our problem with vanishing points is converted to rigid body transformation with 3D–3D point correspondences, which is the usual form in the PnP (perspective-n-point) problem. Additionally, this point simplifies our problem of pose estimation. In addition, in the camera frame, the camera position and two vanishing points can form two lines, respectively, and the angle between the two lines is equal to the angle between the corresponding two sets of parallel lines in the world frame. When using this geometric constraint, the focal length can be estimated quickly. The solutions of pose and focal length are both unique. The experiments show that our proposed method has good performances in numerical stability, noise sensitivity and computational speed with synthetic data and real scenarios and also has strong robustness to camera position noise.
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Surutka, Jovan, and Dragutin Velickovic. "Symmetrical linear antennas driven by two-wire lines." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2003): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0301027s.
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A new theoretical approach to the problem of the symmetrical linear antenna driven by a two-wire line is presented. Then symmetrical linear antenna and the feeder line are treated as a unique boundary-value problem leading to a system of two simultaneous integral equations containing antenna and line currents as unknown sub-integral functions. The integral equations are approximately solved by the so-called point-matching method. Due to the mutual coupling between the antenna and the line, a new conveniently defined apparent driving-point admittance is to be introduced. The method is applied on several types of linear antennas: Centre driven symmetrical dipole antenna, Centre-driven V-antenna, Cage antenna, H-antenna and System of two parallel non-staggered dipoles antennas, positioned in the air over semi-conducting ground. Then theoretical results for admittances were compared with the experiments and remarkably good overall agreement has been found. On the contrary, a comparison with the corresponding theoretical results obtained with the idealized delta-function generator revealed remarkable discrepancies.
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Pellegrini, Rita, Paola Bazzini, Emanuela Tosi та ін. "Production and Characterization of two Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against the Integrin β1 Chain". Tumori Journal 78, № 1 (1992): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169207800101.
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The production and characterization of two new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated MAR4 and MAR5, raised against the partially purified α5β1 integrin, are described. The reactivity of these 2 MAbs on tumor cell lines indicated that they reacted on all the cells expressing the β1 subunit independently of the α5 expression. Both MAbs were found to immunoprecipitate on 3 cell lines, a protein of 120 KD corresponding to the molecular weight be the β1 chain, in addition to proteins of other MW corresponding to the α subunits differentially expressed by these cells. The cross-competition experiments showed that MAR4 and MAR5 recognize the same epitope. These 2 MAbs seem to be useful reagents for the characterization of the VLA expression in tumor cells.
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Islam, M. M., M. E. Hoque, S. M. H. A. Rabbi, and M. S. Ali. "DNA Fingerprinting and Diversity Analysis of BRRI Hybrid Varieties and their Corresponding Parents." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (2011): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10242.
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DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity of four Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) hybrid varieties and their parental lines were carried out. A total of 73 microsatellite markers were tested for screening the genotypes. Among the 73 amplified products, 37% had polymorphic bands showing 81 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two (RM10) to eight (RM327), where average allele number was 4.333. The Polymorphism Information Contents (PIC) lied between 0.337 (RM10) and 0.852 (RM327). RM327 was the most robust marker providing the highest PIC value (0.852). Pair-wise genetic dissimilarity coefficient interaction showed that BRRI hybrids two was the most genetically distant from each other whereas BRRI hybrids one, three, four and their respective parents were very close. Cluster analysis based on Dices similarity coefficient UPGMA system grouped BRRI hybrid and their parental lines into four major clusters at 0.41 cut off similarity coefficient. Four BRRI hybrid varieties grouped into four distinct clusters along with their component lines indicating their genetic closeness. Key words: Hybrid rice, Diversity analysis, Microsatellite markers, DNA fingerprinting D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10242 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 189-198, 2011 (December)
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Zeller, Friedrich J., Mari-Carmen Cermeño, and Bernd Friebe. "Cytological identification of telotrisomic and double ditelosomic lines in Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn by means of Giemsa C-banding patterns and crosses with wheat–rye addition lines." Genome 29, no. 1 (1987): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-009.
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Seven telotrisomic lines (1RS, 1RL, 2RS, 2RL, 3RS acro, 5RS, and 6RS), two double monotelosomic, and two double ditelosomic lines of Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn were analyzed by means of Giemsa C-banding techniques. In crosses with several wheat–rye chromosome addition lines, the telosomic chromosomes in double ditelosomic lines 1/23 and 3/23 were found to be homologous to chromosomes 1R and 2RL of cv. Imperial rye. The C-banding pattern observed for the telosomes in these lines was similar to that detected in the 1R and 2R telosomics of the corresponding telotrisomic lines. Key words: Secale cereale, telotrisomics, double ditelosomics, C-banding pattern.
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Xiao, Zhiliang, Congcong Kong, Fengqing Han, et al. "Two User-Friendly Molecular Markers Developed for the Identification of Hybrid Lethality Genes in Brassica oleracea." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (2021): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050982.
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Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is an important vegetable crop that is cultivated worldwide. Previously, we reported the identification of two dominant complementary hybrid lethality (HL) genes in cabbage that could result in the death of hybrids. To avoid such losses in the breeding process, we attempted to develop molecular markers to identify HL lines. Among 54 previous mapping markers closely linked to BoHL1 or BoHL2, only six markers for BoHL2 were available in eight cabbage lines (two BoHL1 lines; three BoHL2 lines; three lines without BoHL); however, they were neither universal nor user-friendly in more inbred lines. To develop more accurate markers, these cabbage lines were resequenced at an ~20× depth to obtain more nucleotide variations in the mapping regions. Then, an InDel in BoHL1 and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in BoHL2 were identified, and the corresponding InDel marker MBoHL1 and the competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker KBoHL2 were developed and showed 100% accuracy in eight inbred lines. Moreover, we identified 138 cabbage lines using the two markers, among which one inbred line carried BoHL1 and 11 inbred lines carried BoHL2. All of the lethal line genotypes obtained with the two markers matched the phenotype. Two markers were highly reliable for the rapid identification of HL genes in cabbage.
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Chan, V., K. E. Elliott, T. S. Herman, and B. A. Teicher. "Alphoid DNA nucleotide sequences from two human cell lines and the corresponding cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-resistant sublines." Cancer Letters 43, no. 3 (1988): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(88)90174-7.
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Liu, Weixiao, Zhe Zhang, Xuri Liu, and Wujun Jin. "iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of two transgenic soybean lines and the corresponding non-genetically modified isogenic variety." Journal of Biochemistry 167, no. 1 (2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvz081.
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Abstract To investigate the unintended effects of genetically modified (GM) crops, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomic analysis was performed with seed cotyledons of two GM soybean lines, MON87705 and MON87701×MON89788, and the corresponding non-transgenic isogenic variety A3525. Thirty-five differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in MON87705/A3525, 27 of which were upregulated and 8 downregulated. Thirty-eight DAPs were identified from the MON87701×MON89788/A3525 sample, including 29 upregulated proteins and 9 downregulated proteins. Pathway analysis showed that most of these DAPs participate in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and in metabolic pathways. Protein–protein interaction analysis of these DAPs demonstrated that the main interacting proteins are associated with post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones and signal transduction mechanisms. Nevertheless, these DAPs were not identified as new unintended toxins or allergens and only showed changes in abundance. All these results suggest that the seed cotyledon proteomic profiles of the two GM soybean lines studied were not dramatically altered compared with that of their natural isogenic control.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corresponding of two lines"
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Forsberg, Tim, and Erik Karlsson. "Comparing Two Production Lines Using Simulation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185237.
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In order to reduce material shortage of doors in production, the current production processes needs adjusting. Currently when the buffer between the Mainline and the Door area is full the production in the unit stops. This is a problem that should not happen. To circumvent this a new concept was produced and tested with simulation in order to compare the current state with the new concept model. To achieve this, data has been gathered and analyzed to create a model that is a close approximation of reality. Using the same data input, an alternative solution was tested on two variations of the concept model. The alternative solution showed that the material shortage occurred less frequently in the concept models. The result showed that the material shortage can be drastically reduced if one implements the concept model.
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Walker, Claudio. "Numerical Methods for Two-Phase Flow with Contact Lines." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17462.
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This thesis focuses on numerical methods for two-phase ows, and especially ows with a moving contact line. Moving contact lines occur where the interface between two uids is in contact with a solid wall. At the location where both uids and the wall meet, the common continuum descriptions for uids are not longer valid, since the dynamics around such a contact line are governed by interactions at the molecular level. Therefore the standart numerical continuum models have to be adjusted to handle moving contact lines. In the main part of the thesis a method to manipulate the position and the velocity of a contact line in a two-phase solver, is described. The Navier-Stokes equations are discretised using an explicit nite di erence method on a staggered grid. The position of the interface is tracked with the level set method and the discontinuities at the interface are treated in a sharp manner with the ghost uid method. The contact line is tracked explicitly and its dynamics can be described by an arbitrary function. The key part of the procedure is to enforce a coupling between the contact line and the Navier-Stokes equations as well as the level set method. Results for di erent contact line models are presented and it is demonstrated that they are in agreement with analytical solutions or results reported in the literature. The presented Navier-Stokes solver is applied as a part in a multiscale method to simulate capillary driven ows. A relation between the contact angle and the contact line velocity is computed by a phase eld model resolving the micro scale dynamics in the region around the contact line. The relation of the microscale model is then used to prescribe the dynamics of the contact line in the macro scale solver. This approach allows to exploit the scale separation between the contact line dynamics and the bulk ow. Therefore coarser meshes can be applied for the macro scale ow solver compared to global phase eld simulations, reducing the overall computational coasts. One of the major drawbacks of the level set method is that it does not conserve the mass of the uids. The application of the conservative level set method (CLSM) o ers a solution to this problem. Three of the attached articles address details concerning the implementation of the CLSM using a nite di erence method. A nite di erence discretisation of the CLSM based on stencils used in the Navier-Stokes solver is described and tested. Various methods to compute the curvature in the CLSM are assessed for the use in the ghost uid method. It is shown that the reinitialisation of the CLSM can lead to spurious deformations of the interface, a stabilised constrained reinitialisation is developed in an attempt to prevent the interface from deforming
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Holmgren, Hanna. "Modelling of Moving Contact Lines in Two-Phase Flows." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329059.
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Moving contact line problems appear in many natural and industrial processes. A contact line is formed where the interface between two immiscible fluids meets a solid wall. Examples from everyday life include raindrops falling on a window and water bugs resting on water surfaces. In many cases the dynamics of the contact line affects the overall behavior of the system. Industrial applications where the contact line behavior is important include gas and oil recovery in porous media, lubrication, inkjet printing and microfluidics. Computer simulations are fundamental tools to understand and predict the behavior. In this thesis we look at numerical simulations of dynamic contact line problems. Despite their importance, the physics of moving contact lines is poorly understood. The standard Navier-Stokes equations together with the conventional no-slip boundary condition predicts a singularity in the shear stresses at the contact line. Atomistic processes at the contact line come into play, and it is necessary to include these processes in the model to resolve the singularity. In the case of capillary driven flows for example, it has been observed that the microscopic contact line dynamics has a large impact on the overall macroscopic flow. In Paper I we present a new multiscale model for numerical simulation of flow of two immiscible and incompressible fluids in the presence of moving contact points (i.e. two-dimensional problems). The paper presents a new boundary methodology based on combining a relation between the apparent contact angle and the contact point velocity, and a similarity solution for Stokes flow at a planar interface (the analytic Huh and Scriven velocity). The relation between the angle and the velocity is determined by performing separate microscopic simulations. The classical Huh and Scriven solution is only valid for flow over flat walls. In Paper II we use perturbation analysis to extend the solution to flow over curved walls. Paper III presents the parallel finite element solver that is used to perform the numerical experiments presented in this thesis. Finally, the new multiscale model (presented in Paper I) is applied to a relevant microfluidic research problem in Paper IV. For this problem it is very important to have a model that accurately takes the atomistic effects at contact lines into account.
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Deon, Jane. "The Lines We Crossed." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1150.
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THE LINES WE CROSSED is a historical novel set in Umbria, Italy from 1943-1944. One October morning, Emilia Testadura awakes to find the Nazis have arrived in her village. Major Christoph Strauss presses Emilia into service as housekeeper for the soldiers who now occupy an abandoned palazzo in the village. As the stakes and complications rise in the war throughout winter and spring, so they do for Emilia. Brutal reinforcements arrive and conditions become very dangerous. Emilia realizes she is falling in love with Major Strauss. She learns secrets that change her view of her deceased father and herself. That knowledge leads her to take action which reveals Major Strauss’s true colors before he is sent south to engage the Allies. Once the Allies take Emilia’s village from the Nazis, Emilia makes a final discovery and a decision that leads her south, too, towards a future she had never imagined.
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Bicknell, Gareth Ross. "Biochemical characteristics of apoptosis in two human leukaemic cell lines." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34145.
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Apoptosis is a form of cell death in which the cell actively participates. Apoptosis was induced in two human leukaemic cell lines, U937 and HL-60, by incubation with a diverse array of chemical agents. Cell death was assessed by gel electrophoresis, light microscopy and flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that apoptosis involved the formation of large kilobase pair DNA fragments (20-50, 145-245 and 580 kilobase pairs) prior to, or accompanying, internucleosomal cleavage. Degradation of DNA to large kilobase pair sizes also occurred in some forms of necrosis. These fragments were similar, but not identical, to those generated during apoptosis. The identity of the endonuclease(s) responsible for DNA cleavage to large kilobase pair fragments is as yet unknown. One suggestion is that topoisomerase II might be involved. Using an HL-60 subclone with reduced topoisomerase II expression, it was shown that topoisomerase II was not necessary for the formation of large kilobase pair DNA fragments and oligonucleosomal fragments, except where topoisomerase II inhibition was the stimulus for apoptosis. However, topoisomerase II did appear to facilitate 20-50 kilobase pair-to-oligonucleosome conversion, and in one case, it was an absolute requirement for this conversion. Specific proteases have been implicated in the process of apoptosis. The effect of three protease inhibitors was investigated in U937 and HL-60 cells. Aproposed inhibitor of the protease, calpain, had little effect. In contrast, two serine protease inhibitors inhibited the formation of oligonucleosomal fragments. One of these also inhibited large kilobase pair fragments. The other induced apoptotic fragmentation of DNA to large kilobase pair fragments. The results suggest that different proteases may suppress or promote apoptosis within the same cell.
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Shi, Xuesong. "Synthesis and characterization of two azobenzene-containing ferroelectric liquid crystals and of their corresponding polysiloxanes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63365.pdf.
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Jordán, Vargas Kathia. "Feed conversion index in two populations and two lines of guinea pigs for meat production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5381.
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The guinea pig (Cavia aperea porcellus) is an alternative to improve human nutrition because its meat is of excellent taste and quality. Thus, it is an important nutritional source. The feed conversion index was determined under the basic (forage) and mixed (forage and concentrate) diets during the growth phase. This was done with both sexes located in the Tamborada and MEJOCUY populations, using the AUQUI, and San Luis lines. This was done in order to quantify how many kilograms of feed an animal must eat to gain one kilogram of live weight. The animals were randomly distributed into individual pools based on population, line, and sex for the period from 14 to 56 days old. Depending on the feeding system used, they received alfalfa forage and/or concentrated feed. In addition, they were weighed before and after feeding so the difference between food eaten and food rejected could be calculated. At the end of the 42 days of investigation, the feed conversion indexes were 5, 5.1, 4.8, and 4.6 for the basic diet and 5, 5.5, 4.9, and 4.9 for the mixed diet for the guinea pigs of the Tamborada and MEJOCUY populations and the AUQUI and San Luis lines respectively. The male and female animals had indexes of 4.7 and 5.3 respectively. Generally speaking, the San Luis line has the best feed conversion index, followed by the AUQUI line, the Tamborada population, and lastly the MEJOCUY population.
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Schnablegger, Gerald. "The anticancer activity of Cyathula prostrata on two malignant cell lines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1563.
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Plants have always been a source of medicine and are still being used by traditional healers in the rural part of Africa, Asia and India to treat a range of illnesses including cancer. The in vitro anticancer activity of an 80 percent ethanol extract of Cyathula prostrata, an annual branching shrub used by traditional healers in Nigeria to treat cancer was investigated. No previous studies have outlined the possible pathways and mechanisms used by cancer cells when treated with C. prostrata. Dose response analysis was performed to determine the effective cytotoxic concentrations of C. prostrata on HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) and U937 (myelo-monocytic cell line). The IC50 values were 100.8 μg/ml and 64.4 μg/ml for HeLa and U937 cells, respectively. All further experiments were performed using 125 μg/ml C. prostrata extract and 50 μM cisplatin as positive control. With the use of the fluorescent DNA binding dye propidium iodide, the induction of tumour cell death by C. prostrata extract has been linked to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase at 24 and 48 h. In both cell lines, more than 80 percent of the C. prostrata treated cells were found in the G1 phase after 48 hours of treatment. The annexin V-FITC/PI assay revealed an increase in the percentage apoptotic cells from 4.9 percent to 53.1 percent at 24 h and 8.3 percent to 50.3 percent at 48 h. Since apoptosis induction can occur via a number of different pathways, distinct features were used as markers to investigate the mode of action of this C. prostrata extract. Markers such as activated caspase-8, p21 and cyt-c, were investigated with the aid of fluorescently labelled (FITC) antibodies with analysis using flow cytometry. No change in p21 levels was observed in response to treatment with the extract for up to 48 h. Cell cycle arrest in G1 was therefore not induced by this cyclin-CDK inhibitor. Increase in caspase-8 activation was observed in response to treatment with the extract with no cyt-c release from the mitochondria. The lack of cyt-c release was due to no change in mitochondrial membrane potential, which was investigated with the aid of fluorescent mitochondrial dyes and flow cytometric techniques. Caspase-8 activation is unique to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The results from this study therefore show that C. prostrata extract induces apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway and that this activation in independent of the mitochondria. The levels of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, were investigated as an additional molecular target for C. prostrata. This was also investigated using FITC labelled antibodies and flow cytometry. A decrease in hTERT levels was observed following C. prostrata treatment. The findings from this study suggest that the extract acts through multiple targets, by inducing: cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase through an unknown mechanism; apoptosis through an extrinsic death receptor pathway and replicative senescence through inhibition of telomerase.
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Paisley, Derek John. "Characterisation of two mouse mutant lines generated by transgene insertional mutagenesis." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342073.
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Grabowsky, Monika Elvira. "Two-dimensional chromatographic characterisation of PS-b-PEO copolymers at the critical conditions of their corresponding homopolymers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17937.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Block copolymers are very interesting materials but they are quite complex. During polymer
synthesis only a certain amount of control can be enforced. As copolymers are made up of two
or more different homopolymer segments, and therefore have different end group possibilities,
varying block lengths and block sequences, they have complex structures and are therefore
difficult to analyse.
Different techniques exist by which polymers can be analysed to determine the
aforementioned distributions. In order to achieve a complete characterisation of a polymer
structure, it is best to first use a separation technique to fractionate the polymer into more
homogeneous fractions, and then use identification techniques to analyse these fractions.
Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) copolymers were investigated using
liquid chromatography at the critical conditions (LCCC) of the copolymers' corresponding
homopolymers, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and FTIR. The block
copolymers were analysed using the established LCCC of PS but it was found that even
though separation of PS homopolymer and copolymer was obtained, PS blocks of the
copolymers contributed to some extent to the retention of the PEO blocks.
Some of the block copolymer samples were fractionated at the established critical
conditions of PS. These fractions were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using FTIR
spectroscopy. The settings for the 2D-LC analysis were established, using LCCC of PS as the
first dimension and as the second dimension SEC, using DMF as eluent. DMF was a suitable
solvent to be used for the second dimension because PS, PEO and PS-b-PEO exhibited good
solubility in this solvent. THF did not dissolve the block copolymers completely.
The same solvent system as used for LCCC of PS was used for LCCC of PEO, but the
critical conditions correspond to a different solvent composition. The block copolymers were
analysed using the established LCCC of PEO but it was found that even though separation of
PEO homopolymer and copolymer was obtained, the PEO blocks of the copolymers
contributed to some extent to the retention of the PS blocks. Some of the block copolymer
samples were fractionated at the established critical conditions of PEO. These fractions were
qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using FTIR spectroscopy. The settings for the 2D-LC
analysis were established, using LCCC of PEO as the first dimension and as the second
dimension SEC using DMF as eluent was used. Lastly, qualitative and quantitative analyses of
the block copolymers were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel blokkopolimere baie interessante verbindings is, is hulle redelik ingewikkeld.
Gedurende die kopolimerisasiereaksie kan daar net 'n sekere mate van kontrole behaal word.
Aangesien kopolimere uit twee of meer homopolimeersegmente, met verskillende end-groep
moontlikhede, bloklengtes en blokvolgordes bestaan, is dit baie moeilik om hierdie verbindings
te analiseer.
Verskillende tegnieke kan gebruik word vir die analise van polimere en die bepaling van
bogenoemde verspreidings. Ten einde 'n polimeerstruktuur volledig te karakteriseer is die beste
manier om eers 'n skeidingstegniek te gebruik om die polimeer in meer homogene fraksies te
fraksioneer en dan daarna hierdie fraksies te analiseer.
Polistireen-blok-poli(etileenoksied) (PS-b-PEO) kopolimere is ondersoek deur gebruik te
maak van vloeistofchromatografie by kritiese kondisies (LCCC) van die kopolimeer se
ooreenkomstige homopolimere; twee-dimensionele vloeistofchromatografie (2D-LC) en FTIR.
Die blokkopolimere is gekarakteriseer deur gebuik te maak van bevestigde LCCC van PS. Daar
is egter gevind dat alhoewel skeiding van die PS homopolimeer en die kopolimeer behaal is, PS
blokke van die kopolimere in 'n mate bygedra het tot die retensie van die PEO blokke.
Sommige van die blok-kopolimeermonsters is gefraksioneer by die bepaalde kritiese
kondisies van PS. Hierdie fraksies is kwalitatief en kwantitatief geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak
van FTIR spektroskopie. Die stellings vir die 2D-LC analise is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van
LCCC van PS as die eerste dimensie en SEC as die tweede dimensie, met DMF as elueermiddel.
DMF was 'n geskikte oplosmiddel vir die tweede dimensie aangesien PS, PEO en PS-b-PEO
goed oplosbaar is daarin. Die blokkopolimere was nie volledig oplosbaar in THF nie.
Dieselfde oplosmiddelsisteem soos gebruik vir die LCCC van PS is gebruik vir die
LCCC van PEO, maar die kritiese kondisies stem ooreen met 'n ander oplosmiddelsamestelling.
Die blokkopolimere is geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van die bevestigde LCCC van PEO,
maar daar is bevind dat alhoewel skeiding van die PEO homopolimeer en kopolimeer behaal is,
die PEO blokke van die kopolimere in 'n mate bygedra het tot die retensie van die PS blokke.
Sommige van die blokkopolimeermonsters is gefraksioneer by die bevestigde kritiese kondisies
van PEO. Hierdie fraksies is kwalitatief en kwantitatief geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van
FTIR spektroskopie. Die stellings vir die 2D-LC analise is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van LCCC van PEO as die eerste dimensie en SEC as die tweede dimensie, met DMF as
elueermiddel. Laastens is kwalitatiewe en kwanitatiewe analises van die blokkopolimere m.b.v.
FTIR spektroskopie uitgevoer.
Books on the topic "Corresponding of two lines"
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Howlader, Mohammad Sajid Ali. Cricket frog (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae): Two regions of Asia are corresponding two groups. Bonnoprani, 2011.
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Delamain, Catherine, and Jill Spring. Reading Between the Lines Set Two. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098500.
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Kreukniet, Marijke B. Immunological characterisation of two chicken lines. [s.n.], 1996.
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Kyŏnggi-do, Korea (South). Two Lines: Han'guk DMZ--Togil green belt. Kyŏnggi Kwan'gwang Kongsa, 2013.
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1946-, Jørgensen Bo Hakon, ed. Diana's revenge: Two lines in Isak Dinesen's authorship. Odense University Press, 1985.
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R, Higonnet Margaret, ed. Behind the lines: Gender and the two world wars. Yale University Press, 1987.
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R, Higonnet Margaret, ed. Behind the lines: Gender and the two world wars. Yale University Press, 1987.
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Olson, Eugénie Seifer. Wedding haiku: Three short lines for your two important words. GPP Life, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Corresponding of two lines"
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Persson, Rickard, Libor Lochman, and Jens König. "Regional Rail Rolling Stock Requirements and Specifications." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85578-8_69.
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Abstract With the support of EU’s key funding program Horizon Europe, the Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking (EU-Rail) aims to deliver faster deployment of innovations in the railway design. The EU-Rail FutuRe project aims at tackling the increasing Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of European interoperable regional lines by means of providing new innovative solutions to make these lines cost-effective and attractive. Setting the right level of requirements and specification for the regional rail rolling stock plays therefore an important role in meeting the FutuRe objectives. The detailed objectives are to define a vehicle concept for up to 100 passengers or corresponding freight with significant vehicle weight savings compared to existing rolling stock. The key systems for the research are the mechanical arrangement to avoid unnecessary weight and reduce maintenance costs on vehicle and track, the propulsion system which must be emission free despite that these lines often are non-electrified and the control system which may be combined with train protection system and offer autonomous running.
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Alexopoulos, Andreas, Yolanda Becerra, Omer Boehm, et al. "Big Data Analytics in the Manufacturing Sector: Guidelines and Lessons Learned Through the Centro Ricerche FIAT (CRF) Case." In Technologies and Applications for Big Data Value. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78307-5_15.
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AbstractManufacturing processes are highly complex. Production lines have several robots and digital tools, generating massive amounts of data. Unstructured, noisy and incomplete data have to be collected, aggregated, pre-processed and transformed into structured messages of a common, unified format in order to be analysed not only for the monitoring of the processes but also for increasing their robustness and efficiency. This chapter describes the solution, best practices, lessons learned and guidelines for Big Data analytics in two manufacturing scenarios defined by CRF, within the I-BiDaaS project, namely ‘Production process of aluminium die-casting’, and ‘Maintenance and monitoring of production assets’. First, it reports on the retrieval of useful data from real processes taking into consideration the privacy policies of industrial data and on the definition of the corresponding technical and business KPIs. It then describes the solution in terms of architecture, data analytics and visualizations and assesses its impact with respect to the quality of the processes and products.
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Graniero, Paolo, and Marco Gärtler. "Prediction of Batch Processes Runtime Applying Dynamic Time Warping and Survival Analysis." In Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62746-4_6.
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AbstractBatch runs corresponding to the same recipe usually have different duration. The data collected by the sensors that equip batch production lines reflects this fact: time series with different lengths and unsynchronized events. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is an algorithm successfully used, in batch monitoring too, to synchronize and map to a standard time axis two series, an action called alignment. The online alignment of running batches, although interesting, gives no information on the remaining time frame of the batch, such as its total runtime, or time-to-end. We notice that this problem is similar to the one addressed by Survival Analysis (SA), a statistical technique of standard use in clinical studies to model time-to-event data. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms adapted to survival data exist, with increased predictive performance with respect to classical formulations. We apply a SA-ML-based system to the problem of predicting the time-to-end of a running batch, and show a new application of DTW. The information returned by openended DTW can be used to select relevant data samples for the SA-ML system, without negatively affecting the predictive performance and decreasing the computational cost with respect to the same SA-ML system that uses all the data available. We tested the system on a real-world dataset coming from a chemical plant.
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McLean, Robert, Grace Robinson, and James A. Densley. "A Tale of Two Research Sites." In County Lines. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33362-1_2.
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Zhao, Mingzhe, Haifeng Wang, Jiaxin Zhang, et al. "Surface Settlement Induced by Excavation of Double-Line Shield Tunnel." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2417-8_14.
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AbstractIn the construction of the Harbin Metro Line 3 twin-bore tunnel project, the ABAQUS numerical simulation method was employed to investigate the impact of various grouting thicknesses, burial depth ratios, tunnel spacing, and excavation pressures on the geological conditions of the project. Corresponding construction control measures were proposed. The study revealed: (1) Grouting thickness is inversely proportional to ground settlement, with an optimal thickness of 0.3 m; (2) Lateral ground settlement increases with an increasing depth ratio, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease, closely related to soil arching effects; (3) As the distance (L) between two parallel tunnels increases, the peak ground settlement of the left and right tunnels decreases. Smaller tunnel spacing leads to stronger mutual interactions, resulting in a “V”-shaped settlement deformation within the overlapping disturbance zone. When the tunnel spacing is sufficiently large, the mutual interference between the two tunnels diminishes, and the ground settlement deformation is considered the superimposition of two independent tunnel settlements, forming a “W”-shaped settlement trench; (4) Excavation pressure exceeds the static soil pressure, causing soil disturbance, leading to an uplift of the soil in front of the tunnel face and an expansion of the plastic zone in the surrounding soil, ultimately resulting in increased subsequent surface settlement.
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Madabhushi, Gopal S. P., Stuart K. Haigh, Jad I. Boksmati, Samy Garcia-Torres, and Alessandro Fusco. "LEAP-ASIA-2019 Centrifuge Tests at University of Cambridge." In Model Tests and Numerical Simulations of Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading II. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48821-4_5.
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AbstractTwo dynamic centrifuge tests were conducted on a 5° liquefiable slope with a slope depth of 4 m at the centre line, as part of LEAP-ASIA-2019 at the Schofield Centre, University of Cambridge. The main purpose of these tests was to investigate the suitability of the generalised scaling laws proposed by Iai et al. (Geotechnique, 55(5):355–362, 2005). The two tests were carried out at two drastically different g levels, CU Model B at 80 g and CU Model B1 at 1 g, with corresponding virtual scaling factors of 0.5 and 40, respectively. Following the principles of generalised scaling, results from both tests should be representative of the same slope profile with a slope depth of 4 m previously tested as part of LEAP-UCD-2017. CU Model B exhibited typical liquefaction behaviour with substantial reduction in acceleration transmission along the depth of the slope coupled with considerable excess pore pressure build-up during shaking. For a similar input motion, the slope in CU Model B1 at 1 g showed little deformations. Intensity of the input motion had to be increased by nearly twofolds to trigger slope movements that can be measured by PIV.
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Liang, Hao, Chang Liu, and Xiuqing Yan. "Reliability Analysis on Horizontal Bearing of Pile Foundation in Sloping Ground Based on Active Learning Kriging Model." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_38.
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AbstractThe uncertainty of pile and soil and slope effect are two of the major factors affecting the horizontal bearing capacity of piles of transmission tower in sloping ground. In order to analyze the influence of the two factors on the reliability of pile, this paper proposes a reliability analysis method for horizontal bearing of pile foundation in sloping ground based on proxy model. Firstly, the analytical model of horizontal bearing of the pile foundation in sloping ground was derived, and corresponding performance functions were constructed. Secondly, by combining Kriging model method with the performance functions, the reliability analysis method of pile foundations in sloping ground is established. Finally, taking a typical transmission line project in mountainous area as an example, the horizontal bearing reliability of pile foundation was analyzed. The results show that the proposed analysis method can quickly converge to the horizontal bearing limit state of pile. Slope effect has more significant influence on horizontal deformation than that of material yield. Among the uncertainty parameters, the bearing capacity of pile foundation is sensitive to the dispersion degree of horizontal force, pile diameter and the elastic modulus of foundation pile.
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Karmakar, Sibdas, and Karmakar. "Pair of Straight Lines." In Analytical Geometry: Two Dimensions. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003293248-5.
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Lionnet, Françoise. "13. Métissage, Emancipation, and Female Textuality in Two Francophone Writers." In Life/Lines. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501745560-016.
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Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. "Two Kinds of Virtual Realities." In The Philosophy of Lines. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65343-9_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Corresponding of two lines"
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Kroon, David H., Dale Lindemuth, Sheri Sampson, and Terry Vincenzo. "Corrosion Protection of Ductile Iron Pipe." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04046.
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Abstract The results of a two-year study of corrosion and corrosion protection characteristics of ductile iron pipe are presented. Included are field and laboratory evaluations related to short term and long term polarization rates under varying conditions; corrosion rate reduction and corresponding cathodic current criterion; and the corrosion protection benefits of the traditional, standard asphaltic shop coating. This information was then analyzed in conjunction with an extensive database from 1379 physical inspections of buried iron water lines. The result of the study is a risk based corrosion protection design strategy for buried ductile iron pipelines.
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Speidel, Markus O., and Ruth Magdowski. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ti- and Nb-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels in 288°C Water." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94132.
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Abstract Intergranular stress corrosion cracking of stabilized austenitic stainless steels in 288°C water has been studied experimentally. Fracture mechanics crack growth rates were obtained with double cantilever beam specimens. Three Ti-stabilized and two Nb-stabilized stainless steels all exhibited intergranular stress corrosion cracking in simulated, faulted BWR water. The crack growth rates were similar to those of 316 NG, i.e. about one mm per year at stress intensities beyond 20 MPa√m. Extreme sensitization and coarse grains result in crack growth rates up to one hundred times faster. It is shown that weld sensitization in a very narrow zone (several hundred micrometers from the fusion line) can cause chromium carbide precipitation and corresponding chromium depletion and corresponding susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking in BWR water.
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Singer, Marc, Nick Bardsley, Julie Morgan, et al. "Prediction of Top of Line Corrosion Risk Due to Damages in External Pipeline Insulation." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16789.
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Abstract This paper presents the methodology adopted to evaluate the effect of external insulation damage on TLC within carbon steel flowlines. A field development, consisting of subsea wells in 830 m water depth, transports wet gas via two 20” diameter production flowlines. The wet gas contains about 1.5 to 2 mol% CO2. The pipeline system is largely carbon steel with only short lengths made of CRA piping. Lean MEG mixed with corrosion inhibitor is injected at the wellheads for hydrate inhibition. A subsea remotely operated vehicle inspection of the deep water 20” spools revealed insulation damage and bulging. These damages could act as cold spots and lead to enhanced water condensation and TLC on the internal wall of the flowlines. In order to assess the severity of the impact of the damages, a thermal Finite Element Analysis step was undertaken to determine the condensation rates on the inside of the lines. The corresponding TLC rates were then calculated using mechanistic corrosion prediction software considering multiple production conditions. The corrosion assessment helped identify which insulation damages required remedial actions. The TLC rates calculated were later verified by internal pipeline pigging inspection.
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Luo, Albert C. J., and Bo Yu. "Galloping Vibration of Nonlinear Cables Through a Two Degree-of-Freedom Oscillator." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66173.
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In this paper, galloping vibrations of a lightly iced transmission line are investigated through a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) nonlinear oscillator. The 2-DOF nonlinear oscillator is used to describe the transverse and torsional motions of the galloping cables. The analytical solutions of periodic motions of galloping cables are presented through generalized harmonic balanced method. The analytical solutions of periodic motions for the galloping cable are compared with the numerical solutions, and the corresponding stability and bifurcation of periodic motions are analyzed by the eigenvalues analysis. To demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical solutions of periodic motions, the harmonic amplitudes are presented. This investigation will help one better understand galloping mechanism of iced transmission lines.
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Krishnambal, S. "Laminar Flow Between Two Parallel Porous Walls With Variable Permeability and Wall Slip." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31291.
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A class of exact solutions of two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations representing the flow between two porous parallel walls, when there exist variable suction and injection at the boundaries (with or with out slip) under the prescribed entry and outlet conditions at the ends of the channel of given length is obtained. These are exact solutions of the two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a suitable class of variable suction and injection prescribed at the walls. Certain interesting flow characteristics are observed, when analysed through the graphs of velocity profiles and stream lines. The change in the pattern of the stream lines corresponding to the various prescribed suction/injection velocities are observed. The convergence analysis (with slip) of the series solution is discussed with a suitable numerical example.
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Xia, Hui-Rong, Jian-Wen Xu, Zuo-Di Pan, Ji-Guang Cai, Long-Shen Ma, and L.-Shen Cheng. "Study of triplet states by equal-frequency two-photon transitions in Na2." In International Laser Science Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.thl21.
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The experiments were arranged with a pulsed dye laser and a cross oven. A double-pen chart recorder simultaneously traced the two-photon excitation spectra monitored by two photomultipliers with interference filters centered at 3600 and 4300 Å, respectively. The observed two-photon transitions with a linewidth of ~0.2 Å were distributed discretely and nonuniformly and were close to the calculated values for searching the intermediate singlet-triplet mixing levels in Na2. This means that the observed signals were individually enhanced by a near-resonant mixing level. While most of the corresponding recorded lines in the two traces had coincident wavelength locations and comparable intensities, a part of the lines at the longer wavelength sides of the traces with moderate or weaker intensities appeared alternately. The upper states for the lines which only appeared in the 4300 Å trace or in both of the traces were assumed to be (2)3Π g and a higher (n)3Λ g state, respectively. Temperature and total pressure was varied. Finally, the laser beam was split into two with combined polarization situations. These aided the identification of the two- photon transitions.
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Saito, Daniel, Leticia R. S. Cordeiro, Felipe A. Castro, Cipriano J. Medeiros, and Glauco D. Ribeiro. "Innovative Supports of Risers and Corresponding Installation Procedures." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50011.
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Usage of FPSO in shallow water always presents challenges to keep flexible risers’ stresses at the TDP (TouchDown Point) below acceptable values. Depending on the water depth, the catenary configuration can impose excessive high stresses at the TDP and for this reason, configurations like Lazy S, Steep S, Lazy Wave, Steep Wave, Pliant Wave and other complex configurations should be used. Choosing the type of configuration is always dependent on, among others, local environmental conditions, FPSO’s behavior and supports, the water depth, the number of risers, bottom arrangement of them, possibility of line clashes and mainly the cost of the solution. Depending on the number of risers to be supported, construction, installation and keeping good reliability of structural solutions generate considerable increases in the overall investment and maintenance costs. The paper presents two innovative fixed submerged supports of flexible risers, in lazy S configuration, and their installation procedures, that manage to lower construction and installation costs and also decrease inspection tolls due to increased reliability of the structure in comparison to floating buoy solutions.
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Chakrabarti, Partha, Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Adinarayana Mukkamala, Nagaraj Anavekar, Shen Qiang, and M. Sri Krishna. "Design, Analysis and Verification of Moored Floating Caisson System." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51234.
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Tacoma Narrows Constructors (TNC) is building a new suspension bridge in Tacoma, close to Seattle, Washington State, USA. The new bridge will be built just south of the existing bridge mounted on two caissons, referred to as East Caisson (Tacoma side) and West Caisson (Gig Harbor side). Each pier is about 80’ wide and 130’ long in plan. The mooring system for each caisson consists of two sets of mooring lines: lower and upper. Each set consists of 16 mooring lines. The lower 16 lines consist of anchors that form a radius of about 300 feet. The fairlead locations for these lower 16 lines are kept constant throughout the construction process. These 16 lines are hooked-up after the caisson is towed from the harbor and positioned at the site. For the upper 16 lines (except three lines on East Pier), the anchor locations form a radius of 600’. The fairlead locations for these upper 16 lines vary based on the draft. Due to the proximity of the proposed caissons to the existing piers and the varying bottom topography, considerable turbulence and vortex shedding is expected which will cause current induced dynamic forces on the caissons. This paper describes the design and analysis of this multi-line mooring system for Tacoma Narrows Bridge caissons, based on the construction sequence in the floating condition. The analysis involved optimizing the anchor locations and the line pretensions, determining the dynamic motions of the caissons, maximum line loads, and corresponding safety factors. The paper includes the hydrodynamic analysis for added mass, and damping, the methodology used for the nonlinear moored caisson analysis (MOTSIM), and the validation of the design tool with other similar models (e.g., StruCAD*3D). The results of the analysis and design are discussed.
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Klein, Stanley A., and Dennis M. Levi. "Critical analysis of filter models of spatial vision." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.tuh9.
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Filter-based models predict the general form of bisection threshold as a function of separation.1,2 Here we examine several limitations of those models. (1) Our old data1 and new densely sampled bisection data showed a single cusp corresponding to separations between 2 and 3 min. Depending on assumptions about the number and spacing of the filters, models predict either too many or too few cusps. (2) Filter models predict the wrong perceived width in certain conditions. Consider a two-line separation judgment in the presence of a cosine grating mask whose spatial frequency is one-half of the nominal spatial frequency of the white line pair and with the lines at the zero crossings surrounding the grating peak. Filter models predict that the perceived separation of the lines will be narrower compared to the perceived separation with an opposite polarity mask. The experimental data, however, show the reverse. (3) Filter models tend to predict separation discrimination thresholds that are, in general, lower than observed. For the viewprint model this is particularly true at wide separations.
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Kuo, Wuchang, and Chintien Huang. "A Line Geometric Approach to Determining Displacements Based on Line Specifications." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49942.
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This paper presents a systematic approach to determining the displacements of a rigid body from line specifications. The underlying concept of the proposed approach pertains to screw theory and line geometry. We utilize the correspondence between a pair of homologous lines and a regulus and that between a screw and a linear line complex. In this paper, a displacement screw is obtained by fitting a linear line complex to two or more line reguli. When two exact pairs of homologous line are specified, we obtain a unique linear line complex, which determines the displacement screw correspondingly. When more than two pairs of homologous lines with measurement errors are specified, it becomes a redundantly specified problem, and a linear line complex that has the best fit to more than two reguli is determined. A numerical example with the specification of four pairs of homologous lines is provided.
Reports on the topic "Corresponding of two lines"
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บัวบูชา, ธีรพงษ์, ศุภอรรจ ศิริกันทรมาศ та นุชนาถ วุฒิประดิษฐกุล. การค้นหายีนที่ควบคุมโดยโปรตีนคัลมอดุลินในการตอบสนองต่อสภาวะความเครียดจากสิ่งแวดล้อมของข้าว Oryza sativa L. : รายงานวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2014. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2014.59.
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Environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, or pathogen greatly affect agricultural productivity. Researchers have long been attempting to improve plant tolerance to these adverse conditions. To be successful, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in environmental stress responses of plants in the molecular level is needed. To tolerate stress in plants, Ca2+ signals have been implicated in transducing the initial signals from various environmental changes to elicit appropriate responses. Here, we aimed to identify genes that are regulated by OsCaM1, which is a primary Ca2+ sensor calmodulin from Oryza sativa L. 'KDML 105'. First, five candidate genes that co-expressed with OsCam1-1 (LOC_Os03g20370) were selected. Their expression levels were examined in the three transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsCam1-1 by real-time RT-PCR. Compared with the wild-type and the transgenic control rice line, which was transformed with the vector alone, expression of two genes (LOC_ Os03g16690 and LOC_Os 11 g38800) was slightly altered in the overexpressing lines. We further used cDNAAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) to generate transcriptomic profiles of the Wild-type rice and the transgenic rice overexpressing OsCom 1-1 and identified differentially expressed genes. We found 100 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) differentially expressed in the transgenic rice compared to that in the wild type. So far, 10 up-regulated genes and 24 downregulated genes were identified from these TDFs. The identification of genes corresponding to these TDFs will enable us to characterize the mechanisms of OsCam1-1 in vivo and how these modulated genes might involve in the environmental stress response.
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Dolja, Valerian V., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Suppression of Potyvirus Infection by a Closterovirus Protein. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580682.bard.
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The plant virus family Polyviridae is the largest and most destructive of all plant viruses. Despite the continuous effort to develop resistant plant varieties, there is a desperate need for novel approaches conferring wide-range potyvirus resistance. Based on experiments with the tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV)-derived gene expression vector, we suggested approach for screening of the candidate resistance genes. This approach relies on insertion of the genes into a virus vector and evaluation of the phenotypes of the resulting recombinant viruses. The genes which suppress infection by the recombinant virus are selected as candidates for engineering transgenic resistance. Our analysis of the TEV variants expressing proteins of the beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) revealed that one of those, the leader proteinase (L-Pro), strongly and specifically interfered with the hybrid TEV infection. Since closterovirus L-Pro is evolutionary related to potyviral helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro), we suggested that the L-Pro interfered with HC-Pro function via a trans-dominant inhibitory effect. Based on these findings, we proposed to test two major hypotheses. First, we suggested that L-Pro-mediated suppression of potyvirus infection is a general phenomenon effective against a range of potyviruses. The second hypothesis stated that the suppression effect can be reproduced in transgenic plants expressing L-Pro, and can be utilized for generation of resistance to potyviruses. In accord with these hypotheses, we developed two original objectives of our proposal: A) to determine the range of the closterovirus-derived suppression of potyviral infection, and B) to try and utilize the L-Pro-mediated suppression for the development of transgenic resistance to potyviruses. In the first phase of the project, we have developed all major tools and technologies required for successful completion of the proposed research. These included TEV and ZYMV vectors engineered to express several closteroviral L-Pro variants, and generation of the large collection of transgenic plants. To our satisfaction, characterization of the infection phenotypes exhibited by chimeric TEV and ZYMV variants confirmed our first hypothesis. For instance, similar to TEV-L- Pro(BYV) chimera, ZYMV-L-Pro(LIYV) chimera was debilitated in its systemic spread. In contrast, ZYMV-GUS chimera (positive control) was competent in establishing vigorous systemic infection. These and other results with chimeric viruses indicated that several closteroviral proteinases inhibit long-distance movement of the potyviruses upon co-expression in infected plants. In order to complete the second objective, we have generated ~90 tobacco lines transformed with closteroviral L-Pro variants, as well as ~100 lines transformed with BYV Hsp70-homolog (Hsp70h; a negative control). The presence and expression of the trans gene in each line was initially confirmed using RT-PCR and RNA preparations isolated from plants. However, since detection of the trans gene-specific RNA can not guarantee production of the corresponding protein, we have also generated L-Pro- and Hsp70h-specific antisera using corresponding synthetic peptides. These antisera allowed us to confirm that the transgenic plant lines produced detectable, although highly variable levels of the closterovirus antigens. In a final phase of the project, we tested susceptibility of the transgenic lines to TEV infection. To this end, we determined that the minimal dilution of the TEV inoculum that is still capable of infecting 100% of nontransgenic plants was 1:20, and used 10 plants per line (in total, ~2,000 plants). Unfortunately, none of the lines exhibited statistically significant reduction in susceptibility. Although discouraging, this outcome prompted us to expand our experimental plan and conduct additional experiments. Our aim was to test if closteroviral proteinases are capable of functioning in trans. We have developed agroinfection protocol for BYV, and tested if co- expression of the L-Pro is capable of rescuing corresponding null-mutant. The clear-cut, negative results of these experiments demonstrated that L-Pro acts only in cis, thus explaining the lack of resistance in our transgenic plants. We have also characterized a collection of the L-Pro alanine- scanning mutants and found direct genetic evidence of the requirement for L-Pro in virus systemic spread. To conclude, our research supported by BARD confirmed one but not another of our original hypotheses. Moreover, it provided an important insight into functional specialization of the viral proteinases and generated set of tools and data with which we will be able to address the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins provide a variety of critical functions during virus life cycle.
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OSETROVA, O., A. STOKOLYAS, and D. KHUSAINOVA. CHARACTERISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATING ROMANCE NOVELS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-94-103.
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Peculiarities of translating romance novels are considered in the article. Examples from the novel by Kristan Higgins “Too good to be true” are given in order corresponding to their manifestation in the book. Special attention is given to the translation of realities. The main translation techniques used are transliteration and transcription, calquing, and combinations (concerning onomastic realities), descriptive translation and approximation (concerning everyday realities and associations). Besides, it is mentioned, that gender dimension is extremely pragmatically valid in the context of other stylistic and grammatical aspects of the text. The authors make a conclusion of dynamic changes in speech stereotypes towards blurring gender lines between masculine and feminine speech behavior. It is important to consider this fact when translating romance novels.
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Leis and Scott. L51643 Development and Validation of a Ductile Flaw Growth Analysis for Gas Transmission Line Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010095.
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Hydrostatic testing is widely used to demonstrate pipe-line integrity. The test has been used to validate the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of lines being commissioned. As existing pipelines age, the test is also being used to revalidate integrity following repairs. Repeated hydrotesting over some interval of time is also being considered as a regulatory measure. Both the initial hydrotest and subsequent repeated hydrotesting introduce the possibility for flaw growth, with low cycle fatigue being an obvious concern. Historically established safe operation points to the adequacy of hydrotesting to operating pressure ratios that range in the U.S. from 1.10 to 1.5 times MAOP. Federal regulations limit the peak MAOP for gas transmission pipelines to a value corresponding to 72 percent of the specified minimum yield stress (SMYS) of the material and set the minimum test pressure at 1.25 times the maximum operating pressure (MOP). This report is the third in a series of topical reports that document the development and validation of a model that simulates the ductile growth of axial part-through-wall (PTW) flaws in linepipe. This program is performed under the auspices of the Pipeline Research Committee of PRCI and control of the NG-18 Structural Integrity Subcommittee chaired by Dr. Brian Rothwell. The objective of this study was to develop a validated model to characterize ductile growth of axial PTW flaws due to the effects of a hydrotest or repeated hydrotesting.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.
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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Tanksley, Steven D., and Dani Zamir. Development and Testing of a Method for the Systematic Discovery and Utilization of Novel QTLs in the Production of Improved Crop Varieties: Tomato as a Model System. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570570.bard.
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Modern cultivated varieties carry only a small fraction of the variation present in the gene pool. The narrow genetic basis of modern crop plants is a result of genetic bottlenecks imposed during early domestication and modern plant breeding. The wild ancestors of most crop plants can still be found in their natural habitats and Germplasm Centers have been established to collect and maintain this material. These wild and unadapted resources can potentially fuel crop plant improvement efforts for many years into the future (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Unfortunately, scientists have been unable to exploit the majority of the genetic potential warehoused in germplasm repositories. This is especially true as regards to the improvement of quantitative traits like yield and quality. One of the major problems is that much of the wild germplasm is inferior to modern cultivars for many of the quantitative traits that breeders would like to improve. Our research, focusing on the tomato as a model system, has shown that despite their inferior phenotypes, wild species are likely to contain QTLs that can substantially increase the yield and quality of elite cultivars (de Vicente and Tanksley 1992, Eshed and Zamir 1994, Eshed et al. 1996). Using novel population structures of introgression lines (ILs; Eshed and Zamir 1995) and advanced backcross lines (AB; Tanksley et al. 1996) we identified and introduced valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite processing tomato varieties. Populations involving crosses with five Lycopersicon species (L. pennellii (Eshed and Zamir 1994; Eshed et al. 1996; Eshed and Zamir 1996), L. hirsutum (Bernacchi et al. 1998), L. pimpinellifolium (Tanksley et al. 1996), L. parviflorum (unpub.), L. peruvianum (Fulton et al. 1997) have been field and laboratory tested in a number of locations around the world. QTLs from the wild parent were identified that improve one or more of the key quantitative traits for processing tomatoes (yield, brix, sugar and acid composition and earliness) by as much as 10-30%. Nearly isogenic lines (QTL-NILs) have been generated for a subset of these QTLs. Each QTL-NIL contains the entire genome of the elite cultivated parent except for a segment (5-40 cM) of the wild species genome corresponding to a specific QTL. The genetic material and information that was developed in this program is presently used by American and Israeli seed companies for the breeding of superior varieties. We expect that in the next few years these varieties will make a difference in the marketplace.
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Zhang, Jibin, Carl J. Schmidt, and Susan J. Lamont. Gene Expression Response to Heat Stress in Two Broiler Lines. Iowa State University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-230.
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Barton, Card, and Pope. L51637 Development of an Ultrasonic Stress Corrosion Cracking Detection Vehicle. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010608.
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Stress corrosion cracking poses a serious threat to aging underground cathodically protected gas pipelines. As coatings deteriorate, conditions conducive to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking become more common. There have been many ruptures in various pipelines throughout the world attributed to SCC. One of the most important steps in combating failure by stress corrosion cracking is regular, reliable and cost effective monitoring of the pipelines. Current methods available (including hydrotesting and MT) are either expensive, time consuming, or not entirely reliable. Regular testing of pipes would also improve understanding of stress corrosion cracking initiation and propagation. Field trials of a prototype remote control stress corrosion cracking (SCC) detection vehicle� took place from the May 21st 1990 to the June 1st 1990, at Peterborough in South Australia, as part of an agreement with the Pipeline Research Committee, of the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. The present vehicle is self-contained, battery powered and is controlled by an on board computer. The vehicle can operate in an evacuated line and maintains a telemetry radio link with a monitoring computer at the pipe entry position. The detection system consists of two piezoelectric ultrasonic wheel probes fired by dedicated electronics. The vehicle is programmed to move through a certain section of pipe to record areas of ultrasonic activity corresponding to SCC in the bottom section of the pipe.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.
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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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Hasenstein, Jason, and Susan J. Lamont. Chicken Gallinacin Gene Cluster Associated with Salmonella Colonization in Two Advanced Intercross Lines. Iowa State University, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-152.
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