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1

Hallur, Vinaykumar, Hariprasath Prakash, Mukund Sable, et al. "Cunninghamella arunalokei a New Species of Cunninghamella from India Causing Disease in an Immunocompetent Individual." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8 (2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7080670.

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Mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella spp. is a rare disease, especially in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new species of Cunninghamella, causing chronic rhino-orbital-cerebral disease, and review cases of mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella spp. in immunocompetent individuals. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence of isolate NCCPF 890012 showed 90% similarity with Cunninghamella bigelovii, while the large ribosomal subunit (28S) and translation elongation factor-1 alph
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2

ROBINSON, BRIAN E., MALCOLM T. STARK, THOMAS L. POPE, F. MARC STEWART, and GERALD R. DONOWITZ. "Cunninghamella bertholletiae." Southern Medical Journal 83, no. 9 (1990): 1088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199009000-00026.

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3

Ata, Athar, та Jason A. Nachtigall. "Microbial Transformations of α-Santonin". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, № 3-4 (2004): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-3-415.

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Fungal biotransformations of α-santonin (1) were conducted with Mucor plumbeus (ATCC 4740), Cunninghamella bainieri (ATCC 9244), Cunninghamella echinulata (ATCC 9245), Curvularia lunata (ATCC 12017) and Rhizopus stolonifer (ATCC 10404). Rhizopus stolonifer (ATCC 10404) metabolized compound 1 to afford 3,4-epoxy-α-santonin (2) and 4,5-dihydro- α-santonin (3) while Cunninghamella bainieri (ATCC 9244), Cunninghamella echinulata (ATCC 9245) and Mucor plumbeus (ATCC 4740) were capable of metabolizing compound 1 to give a reported metabolite, 1,2-dihydro-α-santonin (4). The structures of these trans
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4

Schapira, Rebecca S., Andrew J. Skabelund, Richard J. Upton, Tho Hua, Hui Xia, and Michael J. Morris. "Aortic Mycetoma From Disseminated Cunninghamella Species Infection." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (2019): e919-e922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz363.

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Abstract Cunninghamella species are aggressive, opportunistic fungi that are becoming more commonly reported in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of disseminated Cunninghamella sp. infection after stem cell transplant for refractory multiple myeloma with formation of bilateral pleural effusions and an aortic mycetoma. PCR analysis of the patient’s aortic mycetoma demonstrated a 90% match to Cunninghamella spp. This case illustrates the potential for severe opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients that can mimic other disease processes and result in an accelerat
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5

Pastor, F. Javier, Mery Ruíz-Cendoya, Isabel Pujol, Emilio Mayayo, Deanna A. Sutton, and Josep Guarro. "In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Susceptibilities of the Mucoralean Fungus Cunninghamella." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 11 (2010): 4550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00786-10.

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ABSTRACT We have determined the in vitro activities of amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole, posaconazole (PSC), itraconazole (ITC), ravuconazole, terbinafine, and caspofungin against five strains of Cunninghamella bertholletiae and four of Cunninghamella echinulata. The best activity was shown by terbinafine against both species (MIC range = 0.3 to 0.6 μg/ml) and PSC against Cunninghamella bertholletiae (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml). We have also evaluated the efficacies of PSC, ITC, and AMB in neutropenic and diabetic murine models of disseminated infection by Cunninghamella bertholletiae. PSC at 40, 60,
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6

Barton, Todd D., Matthew B. Hillis, Joel N. Maslow, William J. Swiggard, and Mindy G. Schuster. "Cunninghamella bertholletiae Endocarditis." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 12, no. 2 (2004): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.idc.0000121028.62151.f6.

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7

Nguyen, Thuong T. T., Young-Joon Choi, and Hyang Burm Lee. "Isolation and Characterization of Three Unrecorded Zygomycete Fungi in Korea: Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Cunninghamella echinulata, and Cunninghamella elegans." Mycobiology 45, no. 4 (2017): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5941/myco.2017.45.4.318.

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8

WANG, YU-JIE, TING ZHAO, WEN-YING WU, MU WANG, and XIAO-YONG LIU. "Cunninghamella verrucosa sp. nov. (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) from Guangdong Province in China." Phytotaxa 560, no. 3 (2022): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.2.

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Species of Cunninghamella are ubiquitous in soil, flower and plant debris. Its metabolites have various biological activities, such as antifungal and antibacterial functions. In this study, we describe a new species C. verrucosa from soil in Guangdong Province, China. This species is characterized by one to several broken pedicels on the surface of clavate vesicles, unbranched or simply branched sporangiophores, and globose sporangiola. Phylogenetic analyses strongly show that C. verrucosa is sister to C. clavata. Together with this new species, a total of 22 taxa, including 19 species and thr
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9

Elkhateeb, Waill A., Abdu Ghalib AL Kolaibe, and Ghoson M. Daba. "Bioactive metabolites of Cunninghamella, Biodiversity to Biotechnology." Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 4, no. 3 (2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/036.

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Cunninghamella is a fungal genus that belongs to family Cunninghamellaceae and has been involved as promising tool in many important mycotechnological applications. Cunninghamella is an endophytic fungus, their secondary metabolites are of potential biological activities especially as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this review is to highlight the description, ecology, and important in medicinal and industrial applications of the genus Cunninghamella in general. Moreover, describing the importance and potentials of this fungus in order to encourage for further studies to search, isolate, and
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10

Maqbul, Muazzam Sheriff, Muaadh Badr Saeed, Areej Dawoud, et al. "Efficacy of Phytochemical Constituents of Castor Essential oil Towards the Mucor-Mycotic Mold Cunninghamella Bertholletiae." Journal of New Developments in Chemistry 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-20-3484.

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The aim of this experiment is to study the efficacy of phytochemical constituents of Castor essential oil towards the mucor-mycotic mold Cunninghamella bertholletiae.The standard chemical analytical methods were used for the rapid study of the phytochemical constituents responsible for the antimicrobial efficacy of the procured castor essential oil. The standard antimicrobial assay technique employed to study the comparative values of the efficacy of the procured castor essential oil with that of the standard antifungal chemical agents against the clinical isolates obtained from the immune sup
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11

Cataño, Juan Carlos, and Isabel Cristina Ramirez. "Disseminated Cunninghamella Bertholletiae Infection." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 360, no. 4 (2020): e9-e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.024.

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12

Portillo, Mauricio, Shyam Allamaneni, and Richard Goodman. "Unique case of cutaneous Cunninghamella infection in an immunocompromised patient." Edorium Journal of Dermatology 3, no. 2 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100003d02mp2021cr.

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Cunninghamella species are an extremely rare cause of fungal infections. The usual mode of transmission is through inhalation; however, rare cases of cutaneous spread have been reported. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight the uniqueness of which the patient acquired the infection, the progression, and control of it. A 57-year-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to have an abscess next to his peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line. The abscess culture grew back Cunninghamella and was debrided and treated with isavuconazonium sulfate. The fung
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13

Gonçalves, Manoela Daiele, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Ricardo Luís Nascimento de Matos, et al. "Recent Advances in Biotransformation by Cunninghamella Species." Current Drug Metabolism 22, no. 13 (2021): 1035–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200222666211126100023.

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: The goal of the biotransformation process is to develop structural changes and generate new chemical compounds, which can occur naturally in mammalian and microbial organisms, such as filamentous fungi, and represent a tool to achieve enhanced bioactive compounds. Cunninghamella spp is among the fungal models most widely used in biotransformation processes at phase I and II reactions, mimicking the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in mammals and generating new molecules based on substances of natural and synthetic origin. Therefore, the goal of this review is to highlight the studies invo
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14

Amadio, Jessica, Katherine Gordon, and Cormac D. Murphy. "Biotransformation of Flurbiprofen by Cunninghamella Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 18 (2010): 6299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01027-10.

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ABSTRACT The biotransformation of the fluorinated anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen was investigated in Cunninghamella spp. Mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the major metabolite 4′-hydroxyflurbiprofen was isolated by preparative high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cunninghamella elegans DSM 1908 and C. blakesleeana DSM 1906 also produced a phase II (conjugated) metabolite, which was identified as the sulfated drug via deconjugation experiments.
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15

Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Maria Victoria Castelli, Isabel Cuesta, Araceli Monzon, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, and Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela. "Activity of Posaconazole and Other Antifungal Agents against Mucorales Strains Identified by Sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacers." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 4 (2009): 1686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01467-08.

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ABSTRACT The antifungal susceptibility profiles of 77 clinical strains of Mucorales species, identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing, were analyzed. MICs obtained at 24 and 48 h were compared. Amphotericin B was the most active agent against all isolates, except for Cunninghamella and Apophysomyces isolates. Posaconazole also showed good activity for all species but Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Voriconazole had no activity against any of the fungi tested. Terbinafine showed good activity, except for Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor circinelloides, and Rhizomucor variabilis isolates.
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16

Oriaifo, Osejie, Melisa Pasli, Supriya Sivadanam, et al. "Rapid Progression of Cunninghamella Species Leading to Respiratory Compromise." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 32, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001331.

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Abstract Cunninghamella spp are a group of filamentous fungi commonly found in soil and decaying matter and can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals, especially those undergoing chemotherapy or with hematologic malignancies. These infections can lead to a rapidly progressive and fatal outcome. Despite accounting for less than 10% of documented mucormycosis cases, disseminated Cunninghamella infections have a higher mortality rate when compared with other mucormycosis. We present the case of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferativ
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17

Lemmer, Karin, Heidemarie Losert, V. Rickerts, et al. "Molekularbiologische Identifizierung von Cunninghamella spec." Mycoses 45, S1 (2002): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04543.x.

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18

Vieille Oyarzo, Peggy, and Rodrigo Cruz Choappa. "Diagnóstico de Cunninghamella bertholletiae Stadel." Revista Argentina de Microbiología 52, no. 4 (2020): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2019.07.006.

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19

Carceller, Fernando, Gonzalo Oñoro, Maria J. Buitrago, et al. "Cunninghamella bertholletiae Infection in Children." Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 36, no. 2 (2014): e109-e114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mph.0b013e31829eec5a.

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20

Palmer-Brown, William, Paula Letícia de Melo Souza, and Cormac D. Murphy. "Cyhalothrin biodegradation in Cunninghamella elegans." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 2 (2018): 1414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3689-0.

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21

Cohen-Abbo, A., P. M. Bozeman, and C. C. Patrick. "Cunninghamella Infections: Review and Report of Two Cases of Cunninghamella Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Children." Clinical Infectious Diseases 17, no. 2 (1993): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/17.2.173.

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22

El-Seadawy, Hosam M., Rehan M. El-Shabasy, and Ahmed Zayed. "Rediscovering the chemistry of the Cunninghamella species: potential fungi for metabolites and enzymes of biological, industrial, and environmental values." RSC Advances 14, no. 51 (2024): 38311–34. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra07187e.

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23

Marć, Małgorzata Anna, Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez, Karolina Słoczyńska, Paweł Żmudzki, Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa, and Elżbieta Pękala. "In Vitro Biotransformation, Safety, and Chemopreventive Action of Novel 8-Methoxy-Purine-2,6-Dione Derivatives." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 184, no. 1 (2017): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2527-z.

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AbstractMetabolic stability, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, and the ability to scavenge free radicals of four novel 8-methoxy-purine-2,6-dione derivatives (compounds 1–4) demonstrating analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties were determined. Metabolic stability was evaluated in Cunninghamella and microsomal models, mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were assessed using the Ames and the Vibrio harveyi tests, and free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. In the Cunninghamella model, compound 2 did not undergo any biotransf
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24

Baydoun, Elias, Atia-tul Wahab, Nayab Shoaib, et al. "Microbial transformation of contraceptive drug etonogestrel into new metabolites with Cunninghamella blakesleeana and Cunninghamella echinulata." Steroids 115 (November 2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2016.08.003.

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25

Foster, B. C., D. L. Wilson, T. Marwood, J. C. Ethier, and J. Zamecnik. "Microbial transformation of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 8 (1996): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-107.

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The biotransformation of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylarnphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) was examined in the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata. In addition to the reported mammalian metabolites (MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl methyl ketoxime, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl methyl ketone) and the parent substrate, there were six novel metabolites detected. N-Acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (NAcMDA) was unequivocally identified and three unidentified metabolites related to NAcMDA were also detected. N-Acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-1-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2-aminopropane was tentatively
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26

ZHANG, ZHI-YUAN, YI-XUAN ZHAO, XIN SHEN, et al. "Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Cunninghamella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), from soil in Guizhou, China." Phytotaxa 455, no. 1 (2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.1.4.

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During a survey of keratinolytic fungi in China, three Cunninghamella strains were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and ITS+LSU+EF-1α sequence data showed that these strains constitute a new species related to C. blakesleeana, C. bigelovii, C. multiverticillata and C. phaeospora. The new species differs from C. multiverticillata and C. phaeospora in the shape and size of its teminal and lateral vesicles and can be distinguished from C. blakesleeana and C. bigelovii by the absent of zygosporangia, and the shape and size of it sporangioles. The results of phylogenetic and morphological ana
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27

Andrade, V. S., B. B. Neto, W. Souza, and G. M. Campos-Takaki. "A factorial design analysis of chitin production by Cunninghamella elegans." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 11 (2000): 1042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-086.

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Chitin production by Cunninghamella elegans (IFM 46109) was studied with a two-level full factorial design, varying time of cultivation and the concentration of D-glucose, L-asparagine, and thiamine in the culture medium. The material extracted was characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The highest chitin yield, 28.8%, was comparable with the highest in the literature and was obtained with a medium containing 60 g·L-1 of glucose, 3 g·L-1 of asparagine, and 0.008 mg·L-1 of thiamine. Increasing the time of cultivation from 24 h to 72 h did not affect chitin production. The three factors
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28

Peters, Jeroen, Edward Ash, Arjen Gerssen, Ruud Van Dam, Maurice C. R. Franssen, and Michel W. F. Nielen. "Controlled Production of Zearalenone-Glucopyranoside Standards with Cunninghamella Strains Using Sulphate-Depleted Media." Toxins 13, no. 6 (2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060366.

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In recent years, conjugated mycotoxins have gained increasing interest in food safety, as their hydrolysis in human and animal intestines leads to an increase in toxicity. For the production of zearalenone (ZEN) glycosides reference standards, we applied Cunninghamellaelegans and Cunninghamella echinulata fungal strains. A sulphate-depleted medium was designed for the preferred production of ZEN glycosides. Both Cunninghamella strains were able to produce zearalenone-14-β-D-glucopyranoside (Z14G), zearalenone-16-β-D-glucopyranoside (Z16G) and zearalenone-14-sulphate (Z14S). In a rich medium, C
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29

Cinteza, Eliza, Alin Nicolescu, Tatiana Ciomartan, et al. "Disseminated Cunninghamella spp. Endocarditis in a Beta-Thalassemia Patient after Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection." Diagnostics 12, no. 3 (2022): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030657.

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Cunninghamella spp. is a group of fungi belonging to the Mucorales order. Cases of fungal endocarditis are sporadic, but more frequent in immunocompromised patients. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection Disease 2019) infections, prematurity, deferoxamine treatment, iron overload, neutropenia, diabetes, and malignant hemopathies proved to be risk factors for mucormycosis. We present the case of a 7-year-old boy who was treated every three weeks with blood transfusion for major beta-thalassemia, receiving deferoxamine for secondary hemochromatosis. After two weeks with nonspecific respiratory and dige
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30

Pothuluri, Jairaj V., Allison Selby, Frederick E. Evans, James P. Freeman, and Carl E. Cerniglia. "Transformation of chrysene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-353.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants; some are mutagenic, toxic, and carcinogenic and remain a public health concern. We investigated the metabolism of mixtures of PAHs and a tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chrysene, by the filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112. Cunninghamella elegans metabolized a mixture of PAHs including the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and acenaphthene completely to hydroxylated intermediates within 24 h. The metabolites from the PAH mixtures were similar to those
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31

COMERT KOCAK, Burcak, Kenan HIZEL, Serhan TUNCER, et al. "Cunninghamella Colonization of a Dirty Wound." Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi 43, no. 4 (2015): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5222/tmcd.2013.165.

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32

Malkan, Alpin D., Fazal N. Wahid, Bhaskar N. Rao, and John A. Sandoval. "Aggressive Cunninghamella Pneumonia in an Adolescent." Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 36, no. 7 (2014): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mph.0000000000000235.

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Ghadai, A. Attia, A. Abou El Seoud Kamillia, and S. Ibrahim Abdel Rahim. "Biotransformation of coumarins by Cunninghamella elegans." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 10, no. 18 (2016): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2015.4419.

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Ibrahim, Abdel-Rahim S., Mohamed S. Ahmed, Mohammed A. Al-Yahya, and Farouk S. El-Feraly. "Stereoselective Hydroxylation of (+)-dihydroperfamine Cunninghamella echinulata." Pharmaceutical Biology 37, no. 2 (1999): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.37.2.123.6089.

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35

Moody, Joanna D., James P. Freeman, and Carl E. Cerniglia. "Biotransformation of Doxepin by Cunninghamella elegans." Drug Metabolism and Disposition 27, no. 10 (2018): 1157–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-9556(24)15040-4.

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36

Zhang, D., F. E. Evans, J. P. Freeman, B. Duhart, and C. E. Cerniglia. "Biotransformation of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans." Drug Metabolism and Disposition 23, no. 12 (1995): 1417–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-9556(25)06878-3.

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37

Seigle-Murandi, Francoise M., Serge M. A. Krivobok, Regine L. Steiman, Jean Louis A. Benoit-Guyod, and Georges Andre Thiault. "Biphenyl oxide hydroxylation by Cunninghamella echinulata." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, no. 2 (1991): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00002a041.

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Ibrahim, Abdel-Rahim S. "Sulfation of naringenin by Cunninghamella elegans." Phytochemistry 53, no. 2 (2000): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00487-2.

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Ning, Lili, Jixun Zhan, Guiqin Qu, et al. "Biotransformation of triptolide by Cunninghamella blakesleana." Tetrahedron 59, no. 23 (2003): 4209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00605-7.

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Qiao, Li, Yu-zhi Zhou, Xiu-lan Qi, et al. "Biotransformation of Cinobufagin by Cunninghamella elegans." Journal of Antibiotics 60, no. 4 (2007): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2007.32.

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41

Parshikov, I. A., K. M. Muraleedharan, M. A. Avery, and J. S. Williamson. "Transformation of artemisinin by Cunninghamella elegans." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 64, no. 6 (2004): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1524-z.

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42

Naumann, R., M. L. Kerkmann, U. Schuler, W. G. Daniel, and G. Ehninger. "Cunninghamella bertholletiae Infection Mimicking Myocardial Infarction." Clinical Infectious Diseases 29, no. 6 (1999): 1580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/313537.

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Sun, Lu, Hai-Hua Huang, Lei Liu, and Da-Fang Zhong. "Transformation of Verapamil by Cunninghamella blakesleeana." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 5 (2004): 2722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2722-2727.2004.

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ABSTRACT A filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella blakesleeana AS 3.153, was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to transform verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist. The metabolites of verapamil were separated and assayed by the liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method. After 96 h of incubation, nearly 93% of the original drug was metabolized to 23 metabolites. Five major metabolites were isolated by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography and were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray mass spectrometry. Other metabolites were
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Amadio, Jessica, and Cormac D. Murphy. "Biotransformation of fluorobiphenyl by Cunninghamella elegans." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 86, no. 1 (2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2346-4.

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Attia, Ghada Ismail El-shahat Ali, Kamillia A. Abou-El-seoud, and Abdel-Rahim Sayed Ibrahim. "Biotransformation of furanocoumarins by Cunninghamella elegans." Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 53, no. 1 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2014.09.001.

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46

Foster, B. C., D. L. Litster, J. Zamecnik, and R. T. Coutts. "The biotransformation of tranylcypromine by Cunninghamella echinulata." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1991): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-136.

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When incubated alone for 7 days with the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata, tranylcypromine was extensively metabolized. As observed in mammalian systems, N-acetyltranylcypromine was the major metabolite recovered along with lesser amounts of 4-hydroxytranylcypromine, as its N,O-diacetyl derivative. The rate and extent of tranylcypromine biotransformation was affected by whether incubation was on either 30° or flat brackets with a gyratory shaker. There is a strong association between the rate of biotransformation and the utilization of glucose, formation of ammonia, and pH. The slowest rates o
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47

Bai, Yue, Dong Zhang, Peng Sun, et al. "Evaluation of Microbial Transformation of 10-deoxoartemisinin by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213874.

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10-deoxoartemisinin is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin that lacks a lactone carbonyl group at the 10-position, and has stronger antimalarial properties than artemisinin. However, 10-deoxoartemisinin has limited utility as a therapeutic agent because of its low solubility and bioavailability. Hydroxylated 10-deoxoartemisinins are a series of properties-improved derivatives. Via microbial transformation, which can hydroxylate 10-deoxoartemisinin at multiple sites, the biotransformation products of 10-deoxoartemisinin have been investigated in this paper. Using ultra-performance liquid
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48

Eliwa, Duaa, Abdel-Rahim S. Ibrahim, Amal Kabbash, et al. "Biotransformation of Modified Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids: Boldine and Berberine and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Metabolites on Telomerase and Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 10 (2022): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15101195.

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Natural nitrogen heterocycles biotransformation has been extensively used to prepare synthetic drugs and explore the fate of therapeutic agents inside the body. Herein, the ability of filamentous fungi to biotransform boldine and berberine was investigated. Docking simulation studies of boldine, berberine and their metabolites on the target enzymes: telomerase (TERT) and human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) were also performed to investigate the anticancer and antidiabetic potentials of compounds in silico. The biotransformation of boldine and berberine with Cunninghamella elegans NR
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Thomas Barden, Amanda, Júlia Medeiros Sorrentino, Nathalie Ribeiro Wingert, and Elfrides Eva Scherman Schapoval. "Miniaturized Extraction Techniques in Drug Biotransformation Studies by using Endophytic Fungi Cunninghamella elegans." Drug Analytical Research 8, no. 1 (2024): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2527-2616.140446.

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In addition to predicting biotransformation in humans, drug biotransformation studies are important because they can generate active metabolites or new intermediates with possible use by the pharmaceutical industry. Endophytic fungi of the genus Cunninghamella can metabolize many drugs in a similar way to humans. The analysis of these metabolites requires prior treatment of the samples in order to obtain compatibility with the detection system and the separation technique. This work aimed to study the biotransformation of the drugs duloxetine (DLX), citalopram (CIT) and amlodipine (ANL) by end
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Choudhary, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Nasir, Shamsun N. Khan та ін. "Microbial Hydroxylation of Hydroxyprogesterones and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Their Metabolites". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, № 4 (2007): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0419.

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Microbial transformation of 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (1) with Cunninghamella elegans, Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium lini, and Candida albicans yielded 11α,15α,16α-trihydroxypregn-4- ene-3,20-dione (3), 11α-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (4), 6β ,11α-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20- dione (5), 11α-hydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (6), 11α,17β -dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (7), and 11α,15α-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (8). On the other hand, microbial transformation of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (2) with Cunninghamella elegans and Fusarium lini yielded 11α,17α- dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (9), an
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