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Journal articles on the topic 'Derogatory terms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Coles, Gregory. "Emerging Voices: The Exorcism of Language: Reclaimed Derogatory Terms and Their Limits." College English 78, no. 5 (2016): 424–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/co201628524.

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What dynamics govern the "reclamation" of contested terms? Applying Burke's notion of terministic screens illuminates the reclamation efforts surrounding contested—terms "Black" and "queer," both historically derogatory (and therefore discouraged) and now broadly reclaimed (and acceptable). In such reclamations, redemptive in—nature, the derogatory term is portrayed not as false but as misunderstood. But the reclamation movements surrounding "nigger" and "faggot" have been restricted,—i.e., acceptable only for in-group use (and mockingly directing attention to their derogatory history). Variou

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Dr. Qasim Yaqub. "Derogatory Portrayal Of Animals In Literature." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 3, no. 2 (2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v3i2.46.

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Animal symbols are used extensively in literature. Animals are often used for moral symbolic systems as can be seen in Mantaq ul tair. However, Rafiq Hussain and Mustansar Hussain Tarad used it in fiction to understand ecological references. Allama Iqbal has also derived instructive messages from animals, birds and insects in his poetry.But there is another symbolic use of animals and that is their derogatory narrative. They are looked down upon socially. Derogatory terms for animals are used in literature around the world.This article discusses from this aspect what is the reason why animals

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Risch, Barbara. "Women's derogatory terms for men: That's right, “dirty” words." Language in Society 16, no. 3 (1987): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500012434.

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ABSTRACTMuch of the research concerning “women's language” has focused on differences in pitch and intonation, expressions of uncertainty, and politeness and correctness of form; all predicated on the assumption that women are socially and linguistically conservative and therefore more likely to use standard or prestige forms. This is a study of the derogatory terms (“dirty” words) that women use to refer to men. The frequency and variance of response that results from the study calls into question the assumption that women are more prone to use standard forms of speech, and suggests that the

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Hess, Leopold. "Practices of Slur Use." Grazer Philosophische Studien 97, no. 1 (2020): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-09701006.

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Given the apparent nondisplaceability and noncancellability of the derogatory content of slurs, it may appear puzzling that non-derogatory uses of slurs exist. Moreover, these uses seem to be in general available only to in-group speakers, thereby exhibiting a peculiar kind of context-sensitivity. In this paper the author argues that to understand non-derogatory uses we should consider slurs in terms of the kind of social practice their uses instantiate. A suitable theory of social practices has been proposed by McMillan. In typical (derogatory) uses the practice is one of bigotry and discrimi

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Chen, Tianfang. "The Relationship Between Derogatory Terms and Their Essentialism Condition Focusing the Terms X dog in China." Communications in Humanities Research 6, no. 1 (2023): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/6/20230156.

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In modern China, there has been a notable shift in the usage of 'X dog', disparaging words involving the word "dog" with a noun, resulting in a progressive diminution of its negative impact. Using Lynne Tirrell's theory of derogatory terms, this paper employs a combination of literature review and corpus analysis to explore the ways in which the essentialism condition has contributed to the historical prevalence of 'X dog' as a widely used derogatory term in ancient China, and how its shifting perception has impacted its usage in the modern era. This study gives vital insights into the intrica

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Abellada, Christian, Michelle Ann Catinguel, Zhylla Marizz Ferran, Arvie Jeanne Lopez, Patrick Gio Reyes, and Lara Janea Lorenzo. "Derogatory Terms in Labeling Mental Illness and Self-Stigma of Selected Senior High School Students in Cavite: Basis in The Development of a Self-Help Booklet Against Bullying." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 25, no. 7 (2024): 864–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13829934.

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This research aims to study mental health-related derogatory terminologies and self-stigma in the Philippines, where such labels are commonly used in daily conversation. Because disparaging labels are linked to verbal bullying, the study's main output is a self-help booklet to combat bullying. While many studies have examined labeling for mental illness, few have focused on the context, psychological impact, and specific role of these terms in fueling self-stigma for undiagnosed individuals. A self-made survey was administered to 361 senior high school students aged 18 and above, enrolled in t

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Zhao, Qinye. "Analysis on Deeply Derogatory Terms in the Chinese LanguageTaking Man Yi as an Example." Communications in Humanities Research 5, no. 1 (2023): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/5/20230163.

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One of the many types of concurrent meanings of words is the positive and negative concomitant meaning of words, which represents the positive and negative attitudes of the linguistic community about the accompanying rational meanings of words. There are numerous sorts of concomitant meanings of words. The notion of extremely derogatory terms proposed by Tirrell gave rise to a brand new category of words as well as an innovative approach to the study of slurs. The paper does a literature analysis to investigate deeply derogatory terms in Chinese, and then it uses that information to examine th

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Rahman, Fadhlur, Ella Yuzar, and Mohammad Kholid. "Unveiling Language Prejudice: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Racial Slurs Across Genres." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 12, no. 2 (2024): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10753.

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Discrimination and racism have been obvious for decades. This encompasses derogatory racial epithets such as "nigger, niggers, n-words". The objective of this study was to employ corpus-based analysis in order to examine the frequency of racial derogatory expressions across various genres of literature. The COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) data were employed to perform a corpus-based linguistic analysis of the terms 'nigger', 'niggers', and 'n-word' over a span of 20 years (1990 to 2019). Although the words "niggers" and "n-word" have similar meanings, the occurrence of the word

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Ivanovic, Nenad, and Jovana Jovanovic. "A collection of coarse words in manuscript form by Djordje Natosevic (1821-1887) as a source for the scientific study of derogatory terms in the Serbian language." Juznoslovenski filolog 79, no. 2 (2023): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi2302091i.

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In this paper we present a description and analysis of the collection of derogatory terms in manuscript form by Djordje Natosevic (1821-1887). Dj. Natosevic amassed his collection of names from various sources in the mid-19th century. In the early 20th century, the manuscript was joined with the archive of the lexical materials for the Dictionary of the Serbo-Croat Literary and Vernacular Language of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, which remained so to this day. This collection of 2,584 lexical items represents the most extensive and structurally diverse collection of derogatory term

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Naga, January F., and Rabby Q. Lavilles. "Deciphering Digital Discourse: Detecting Cyberbullying Patterns in Filipino Tweets Using Machine Learning." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 18, no. 2 (2024): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v18i2.11094.

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The research addresses the escalating challenge of cyberbullying in the Philippines, a concern magnified by widespread social media use. A dataset of 146,661 tweets is analyzed using a pre-trained natural language processing model tailored to detect derogatory Filipino terms. The methodology is designed to preprocess data for clarity and analyze derogatory phrases, using the 23 key terms to indicate cyberbullying. Through quantitative analysis, specific patterns of derogatory term co-occurrence are uncovered. The research specifically focuses on Filipino digital discourse, uncovering patterns

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MENZIES, Teresa V., Gabrielle A. BRENNER, and Louis Jacques FILION. "Derogatory Myths about Women Entrepreneurs: Is there any substance to the Myths in relation to Visible Minority Women Entrepreneurs in Canada?" Management international 10, no. 3 (2006): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-9b8e-wys4.

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Do myths influence attitudes and behavior? If so, derogatory myths about women entrepreneurs may act as a detriment to women achieving as successful business outcomes as male entrepreneurs. Brush et al. (2001, 2002) and Menzies et al. (2004) examined some derogatory myths about women entrepreneurs and found most were unsubstantiated. This study examines the same derogatory myths in relation to a sample of 101 female and 302 male visible-minority entrepreneurs from three cities in Canada. Findings show that "successful" female and male visible-minority lead entrepreneurs are quite similar in te

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James, Deborah. "Gender-Linked Derogatory Terms and Their Use by Women and Men." American Speech 73, no. 4 (1998): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455584.

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Keely, Karen A. "Dangerous Words: Recognizing the Power of Language by Researching Derogatory Terms." English Journal 100, no. 4 (2011): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej201113533.

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Puchała, Dominik, Michał Bilewicz, and Aleksandra Świderska. "Reclaiming Derogatory Language: Self-Reports and Interbeat Intervals." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 44, no. 1 (2024): 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x241299791.

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Minorities reclaim derogatory labels to change their meaning. However, previous research on reclamation has focused on the perception of self-labeling with derogatory labels in an ecologically invalid context, using self-reports that may be influenced by norms. We examined how recordings containing derogatory terms against gay people are perceived, using both a self-report and an unobtrusive heartbeat measure. In the experiment ( n = 103), we showed that individuals perceived statements with derogatory labels as less offensive when participants of the Gay Pride (a pro-LGBT+ march) used them an

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Vučenović, Nataša. "THE SEXIST DIMENSION OF OBSCENE WORDS IN ITALIAN CINEPANETTONE COMEDIES." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 33 (2020): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.33.2020.12.

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This paper examines sexist connotations of obscene terms used by men in order to depict women in a negative way, but also the terms whose pragmatic function is not to offend but to give a praise or a compliment, which in a sexist perception ascribes them a positive value. The analysis is based on a corpus composed of four italian cinepanettone comedies. Offensive terms will be classified and observed in accordance with the divison into sexist derogatory slurs and sexist objectifying slurs proposed in the study Social acceptability of derogatory sexist and objectifying sexist slurs across conte

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Vučenović, Nataša. "THE SEXIST DIMENSION OF OBSCENE WORDS IN ITALIAN CINEPANETTONE COMEDIES." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 33 (2020): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.33.2020.12.

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This paper examines sexist connotations of obscene terms used by men in order to depict women in a negative way, but also the terms whose pragmatic function is not to offend but to give a praise or a compliment, which in a sexist perception ascribes them a positive value. The analysis is based on a corpus composed of four italian cinepanettone comedies. Offensive terms will be classified and observed in accordance with the divison into sexist derogatory slurs and sexist objectifying slurs proposed in the study Social acceptability of derogatory sexist and objectifying sexist slurs across conte

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Sarhemaa, Maria. "Appellativized first names as terms of abuse." Nordic Journal of Socio-Onomastics 3 (June 21, 2023): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59589/noso.32023.14416.

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In the article, three appellativized Finnish personal names are analysed in their use as a derogatory part of communication. In support of the argumentation, two kinds of data are used: corpus data from the internet forum Suomi24 (‘Finland24’) and internet questionnaire data. The methods of qualitative corpus and questionnaire research are adapted, and the approach is loosely cognitive. It is evident that the three expressions are used pejoratively and to express negative emotions. Thus, their usage makes the communication impolite or emphasizes impoliteness. By showing the meanings and usages

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Jiang, Yanru. "Language and Ethics: A Better Way to Treat "Derogatory Terms" and Corresponding Punishments." BCP Education & Psychology 9 (March 29, 2023): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v9i.4716.

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Language and words are mostly considered to have consistent semantics, so many scholars classify phrases that generally appear to be associated with harm or undesirable consequences as "derogatory terms" and strictly prohibit their usage in order to establish a more ethical social environment. However, the question of whether the origin of the harm comes exclusively from a word and whether the word itself has a negative nature still needs to be discussed further. This paper will analyze and criticize traditional theories and conclude that there is no constant negative nature to a single word b

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Steiner, Kristian. "The Image of Islam and Muslims in Swedish Radical Christian Press." Journal of Religion in Europe 5, no. 2 (2012): 192–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489212x639190.

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This is a case study on the construction of Islam and Muslims in sixty editorials 2006 in a Swedish Evangelical newspaper, Världen idag (“The World Today”). The paper was founded in 2001 and is officially independent and non-denominational. In reality, it is financially and ideologically dependent on the radical faith movement. Its circulation is about 8,500. The main theme in the selected editorials is “Muslim threat,” in some cases combined with “Western retreat” and “Islam’s incompatibility with democracy.” Islam and Muslims are consistently described as causing these problems. However, ter

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Hyatt, Courtland S., Jessica L. Maples-Keller, Chelsea E. Sleep, Donald R. Lynam, and Joshua D. Miller. "The anatomy of an insult: Popular derogatory terms connote important individual differences in Agreeableness/Antagonism." Journal of Research in Personality 78 (February 2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.11.005.

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Pandey, Shreya. "Slang as subversion: Feminist and queer reappropriation of derogatory youth terms in Indian university campuses." International Journal of Humanities and Arts 7, no. 2 (2025): 06–13. https://doi.org/10.33545/26647699.2025.v7.i2a.183.

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Grant, Cynthia. "Nightwood Theatre, Toronto: Notes from the Front Line." Canadian Theatre Review 43 (June 1985): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.43.005.

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When we established the company in 1978 we were very anxious that people not consider Nightwood a “women’s theatre .” Personally, I wished to have a career as a director, not as a woman director. Although I was already clearly defined as a feminist, I knew the derogatory, second-class implications of such terms.

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Nawaz, Muhammad Sohaib, Shafqat Hussain, Sadia Zulfiqar, Muhammad Haseeb, and Samia Shafiq. "Student Strategies to Cope with Derogatory Comments of Clinicians/Clinical Teachers in Prosthodontics Clinic." Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat 15, no. 1 (2025): 116–24. https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2025.15.1.1032.

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Background: Derogatory comments can be insulting statements that are disrespectful, unethical, dehumanizing and lead to erosion of professionalism, especially in the clinical workplace. Clinics where informal interactions frequently occur between clinicians and students are often the sites of such remarks. These comments can disrupt the learning process by affecting student's psychology, concentration, motivation, and idealization of the profession. Objective: To identify students' strategies to cope with derogatory comments from senior clinicians and/or clinical teachers in the prosthodontics

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McIntosh, Janet. "‘Because it's easier to kill that way’: Dehumanizing epithets, militarized subjectivity, and American necropolitics." Language in Society 50, no. 4 (2021): 583–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404521000324.

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AbstractThis article examines the blunt conceptual instrument of dehumanizing American military terms for the enemy in the context of the Vietnam War and the Global War on Terror. I examine language that dehumanizes American service members themselves, who are semiotically framed as expendable. Next, I explore the essentialist, semi-propositional qualities of derogatory epithets for the enemy and the affectively charged, deadly stances they encourage. I examine how generic references to the enemy during training make totalizing claims that risk encompassing civilians in their typifications. An

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Walmsley, Tom. "Psychiatry in descent: Darwin and the Brownes." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 12 (1993): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.12.748.

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Charles Darwin (1809–1882) enjoys an uneasy position in the history of psychiatry. In general terms, he showed a personal interest in the plight of the mentally ill and an astute empathy for psychiatric patients. On the other hand, he has generated derogatory views of insanity, especially through the writings of English social philosophers like Herbert Spencer and Samuel Butler, the Italian School of “criminal anthropology” and French alienists including Victor Magnan and Benedict Morel.

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Moruzan, Andreea. "Labelling food-related slang terms for nationalities in learner’s dictionaries of English." Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics 25, no. 1 (2023): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/bwpl.25.1.6.

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The present paper attempts to highlight the problems related to the usage label “slang” and to usage notes indicative of negative connotations (“offensive”; “disapproving”; “derogatory”) for certain words, taking into account monolingual dictionaries for learning English. The aim of the analysis is to investigate if there is any consistency in the labelling policy of these dictionaries, since some compilers emphasize that the definition of the slang term is sufficient to convey its negative connotations and does not require a label. In order to accomplish this goal, a corpus consisting of a se

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Alshalabi, Nahla, Hanene Lahiani, and Ayman Yasin. "The Role of Culture in Abusive Language on Social Media: Examining the Use of English and Arabic Derogatory Terms." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, no. 10 (2024): 3057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1410.06.

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Although several studies have dealt with the use of derogatory terms on social media, only few compared the phenomenon across languages from a sociocultural aspect. This study used a mixed-method comparative analysis of 920 Arabic and English abusive tweets. The researchers used content analysis to annotate the tweets according to their type and severity. They also used qualitative thematic discourse analysis to interpret the linguistic themes. Furthermore, they used frequency analysis to statistically identify the most common targets and lexical items and to identify the sociolinguistic patte

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Moreno Lozano, Alejandro. "Historical transit of disability: From clowns, deformed and buffoons to worthy humans." QVADRATA. Estudios sobre educación, artes y humanidades 4, no. 8 (2022): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54167/qvadrata.v4i8.1009.

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The main assumption of the research is that the past, exercises binding force with subjects who present physical and intellectual characteristics different from the bulk of the population today, and that in that level becomes a past of multiple senses: “The past belongs irreversibly to the previous time, belonged to the events of then, and may yet be now” (Heidegger, 1951, p. 409). Under this guideline, the journey that is part of the year 1800, specifically with physically and intellectually different people who were subject to the rules of Spanish society, which since then assigned them dero

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Amal, El Mhaoudar, and Bourima Noreddine. "Linguistic Markers of Gender Stigmatization: Media Narratives as a Case Study." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 6, no. 2 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v6i2.322.

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Gender stigmatization prevails in the Moroccan media mainly in films, and series where the sexist language used against women is tied within cinematic narrative elements. Women are portrayed as primarily responsible for the domestic task, but men are the dominant of public sphere. The Moroccan media plays a salient role in contributing to the perpetuation and reinforcement of traditional gender roles through the use of sexist language and stigmas in dialogues tied within narrative scenes. The current research aims at investigating the representations of the sexist linguistic discourse used aga

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Bakker, Laurens. "Foreign images in Mentawai: Authenticity and the exotic." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 163, no. 2-3 (2008): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003686.

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Human cultures and groups, when defining themselves, compare themselves with others. Names used to denote other groups often refer to characteristics associated with these groups, frequently in a way that expresses the superiority of the naming group or the strangeness or even danger of the named group. Derogatory terms such as ‘barbarians’, ‘head-cutters’ or simply ‘edible ones’ are examples of names referring to dangerous traits. The number of groups in the world using a name for themselves that translates simply as ‘human’ to differentiate themselves from neighbouring groups is staggering.

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Špago, Džemal. "Insulting Rhetorical Questions – Mitigators or Amplifiers?" Respectus Philologicus, no. 41(46) (April 15, 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2022.41.46.104.

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The paper examines whether rhetorical questions (RQs) with insulting content or implications soften or intensify the insulting content that they express, as compared to corresponding direct statements with similar insulting content. The analysis is based on the results of two online surveys conducted among 276 Bosnian university students (182 and 94, respectively), who evaluated, in regard to their offensiveness, two sets of RQs and corresponding statements with insulting content or implications. Three types of insulting RQs were included in the surveys: insulting RQs without explicitly offens

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Mulhorn, Kristine. "EXAMINING PUBLIC AWARENESS OF AGEIST TERMS ON TWITTER: CONTENT ANALYSIS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 311–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.1017.

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Abstract Following the efforts of the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Gerontological Society of America to raise awareness about ageist language and propose appropriate terms to denote the older adult population, there was a recognized hostile discourse on social media towards those most vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and situated use of ageist terms on Twitter. We collected 60.32 million tweets between March and July 2020 containing terms related to COVID-19. We then conducted a mixed method

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Borowiec, Piotr. "Populistyczne strategie – narzędzia polskich neoliberalnych elit w kampaniach wyborczych 2015 roku." Studia Politologiczne 2020, no. 55 (2020): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2020.55.9.

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The articles presents how thestrategy of populism was used by Polish liberaldemocratic elitesin the presidential and parliamentary campaigns of 2015. Thestrategy was used in two ways. Firstly,theelection promisesmade by theliberals’ opponents were assigned a derogatory terms of populism. Secondly, theliberals madetheir own promises to the public, which fulfilled the main characteristics ascribed to populism. This way the strategies of populism was used by neoliberalelitesto securetheir own position in power. It served to maintain the existing dominance and concentration of power. The observati

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Cooke, Claire. "Converting Racism." Social Sciences and Missions 31, no. 1-2 (2018): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03101002.

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Abstract African American Charlotte Wright’s book Beneath the Southern Cross: The Story of an American Bishop’s Wife in South Africa (1955) is a unique text. This article uses a womanist theological framework, situated within studies of African American women and religion, to acknowledge that the experiences and writing of Wright must be considered in terms of race, gender, class, and theological influences. By considering these four factors in conjunction it is argued that despite the conservative nature of Wright’s text she subtly, but radically, challenged the erotic gaze and derogatory rac

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Jovanovic, Jovana. "Pejorative terms for people in the Serbian language." Juznoslovenski filolog 77, no. 1 (2021): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi2101127j.

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The objective of this research is the pejorative connotation of lexemes denoting and qualifying people in the contemporary Serbian language. These nominal units with negative expressive tonality have a specific semantic structure where, apart from denotative components, connotative semantic components - evaluative, expressive and emotional semes - play a significant function in the forming of their lexical meaning. Pejorative terms for people have been analysed from different points of view, such as lexical-semantic, derivative and linguo-cultural at some points. The main goal was to establish

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Mildenberger, Carl David. "Expressives, Majoratives, and Ineffability." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 31, no. 2 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2017-310202.

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Abstract The purpose of this essay is to argue that not all instances of expressive language suffer alike from the problem of descriptive ineffability. Descriptive ineffability refers to the problem that speakers are never fully satisfied when they are asked to paraphrase sentences containing expressive terms such as `damn' using only descriptive terms. It is commonly assumed that descriptive ineffability is an important feature of all kinds of expressive language - derogatory language just as commendatory or valorizing language. However, I find that majoratives, i.e. the positive counterpart

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Hashemi Shahraki, Sara. "Manipulation of Realities through Euphemistic and Derogatory Terms and Phrases in Political Texts: Obama’s actions regarding American Gulf Oil Spill." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION RESEARCH 2 (2022) 2 2, no. 2 (2022): 111–36. https://doi.org/10.12906/9783899664829_006.

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This study of political media discourse, following Van Dijk's multi-disciplinary (2006) framework, takes a closer look at the manipulation of realities in texts through discursive strategies of euphemization and derogation (praising and criticizing). Taking a critical discourse analysis (CDA) perspective, this paper analyzed textual data from sixteen opinion articles and editorials published in four American newspapers (The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The New York Post, and The New York Times) concerning the actions taken by the US President, Barack Obama, to control the Gulf of Mex

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Ragas, José, and Patricia Palma. "Covid-19, the Chinese diaspora, and the enduring legacy of racism in Peru." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 29, no. 2 (2022): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702022000200005.

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Abstract The coronavirus pandemic has exposed a global tendency throughout history to blame immigrants for propagating epidemics. Chinese individuals were thus targeted during past public health crises in Peru, but during the current coronavirus pandemic racist notions painting people of Chinese descent as “agents of contagion” diminished significantly. Here we examine three major epidemics (yellow fever, the bubonic plague, and covid-19) to demonstrate the current and somewhat surprising shift in negative attitudes toward the Chinese community. Peruvians’ refusal to embrace derogatory terms (

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Davis, Christopher, and Elin McCready. "The Instability of Slurs." Grazer Philosophische Studien 97, no. 1 (2020): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-09701005.

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The authors outline a program for understanding the semantics and pragmatics of slur terms, proposing that slurs are mixed expressives that predicate membership in some social group G while simultaneously invoking a complex of historical facts and social attitudes about G. The authors then point to the importance of distinguishing between the potential offensive and derogatory effects of slur terms, with the former deriving from the impact on the listener of the invoked content itself, and the latter deriving from inferences about speaker attitudes and intentions. The authors use the resulting

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Amal El Mhaoudar and Noureddine Bourima. "The Stigmatized Linguistic Discourse Used Against Women: Moroccan Films and Sitcoms as Study Cases." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 9 (2024): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.9.14.

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The stigmatized language in Moroccan films demonstrates gender attitudes and social conventions when treating gender biases and inequalities. Moroccan cinema, in general, contributes to the reinforcement of traditional gender roles through the use of sexist language and stigmas in dialogues tied within narrative scenes. Sexism in Moroccan films and sitcoms is depicted in several ways, portraying women’s inferiority and submissiveness. Such gender inequalities represent women as primarily responsible for the domestic sphere and removed from public interests. The current research aims to investi

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Yanni, Leanne M., Jessica L. McKinney-Ketchum, Sarah B. Harrington, et al. "Preparation, Confidence, and Attitudes About Chronic Noncancer Pain in Graduate Medical Education." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 2 (2010): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00006.1.

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Abstract Background Physicians report they feel ill-prepared to manage chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), in part because of inadequate training. Published studies and clinical observation demonstrate that trainees lack confidence and reflect negative attitudes about CNCP. Overall, there is minimal published guidance on specific specialty roles and responsibilities in CNCP management. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess resident preparation, confidence, and attitudes about CNCP across graduate medical education programs and to assess resident perception of roles and responsibilities

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Niemann, Yolanda Flores. "Stereotypes about Chicanas and Chicanos." Counseling Psychologist 29, no. 1 (2001): 55–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000001291003.

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A review of the literature on stereotypes about Chicanas/os reveals that people of Mexican descent are perceived predominantly in derogatory terms, with the few positive terms primarily related to the centrality of the family for this ethnic community. This review also indicates that Chicanas/os themselves often endorse these stereotypes. However, the extant literature has not examined the counseling process in relation to consensual, social stereotypes of this ethnic group. This article serves to bridge that gap in the literature. Counselors are strongly encouraged to be cognizant of how ster

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Adamek, Margaret, Gifty Ashirifi, Dolapo Adeniji, and Abraham Teshome. "IS A UNIVERSAL TERM FOR OLDER ADULTS CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE? CONSIDERING PREFERRED TERMS IN AFRICA." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 1017–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3276.

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Abstract Terminology matters. For consistency’s sake, one may argue that aging scholars should use one universal term for older adults regardless of what part of the world they are studying. Others may argue that the terms used by scholars in the Global South to refer to older adults should not be dictated by scholars in the Global North. If the term “elder” is a term of respect for older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa, should African scholars writing about aging be required to use the preferred term of the Global North? Can a universal term for older adults be culturally appropriate globally? W

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Șerbănuță, Anca. "Decline of a national icon: Derogatory representations of the Romanian peasant in recent television programs." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 7, no. 2 (2024): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v7i2.25952.

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Intellectuals and artists have been crafting an image of the Romanian peasant as the building block of the nation since the second half of the 19th century. The process went hand in hand with the modernization of the elites, and the peasant was thus mainly ‘discovered’ within the cultural framework of Romanticism, as the ‘eternal autochthon’ (Mihăilescu,2017, p.173), creator of the specific Kultur of the Romanian people. However, dramatic social transformations such as the difficult transition period of the ʹ90s have shifted the focus from a complimentary representation of the peasant as the n

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Troike, Rudolph C. "Rodolfo Jacobson (ed.), Codeswitching worldwide II. (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs, 126.) Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. Pp. ii, 371. Hb DM 178/EUR 91.01." Language in Society 33, no. 5 (2004): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404504225052.

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Widely impugned by an uninformed public – and even by many of those who practice it – with such derogatory terms as “Spanglish” or “Chinglish,” or “Pocho” in Spanish, codeswitching (CS) has emerged from marginal obscurity to become a major topic of interest among linguists of a wide variety of persuasions in the past 30 years. Weinreich (1953) famously denied that a switch between languages within a sentence was possible; the MLA bibliography now lists 900 titles on the subject, half of which have appeared since 1995. The present volume – the third edited by the indefatigable Rodolfo Jacobson,

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Sollund, Ragnhild. "Canteen Banter or Racism: is there a Relationship between Oslo Police's Use of Derogatory Terms and their Attitudes and Conduct towards Ethnic Minorities?" Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 8, no. 1 (2007): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14043850601030057.

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Krendel, Alexandra, Mark McGlashan, and Veronika Koller. "The representation of gendered social actors across five manosphere communities on Reddit." Corpora 17, no. 2 (2022): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2022.0257.

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This paper investigates the representation of gendered social actors in a specialised corpus of 10.9 million words, collected from five Reddit communities associated with the so-called ‘manosphere’: incels (involuntary celibates), Men Going Their Own Way (male separatists), pick-up artists, men’s rights activists, and a group dedicated to wider discussions of ‘red pill’ philosophy. Thirty-four gendered social actor terms were identified as key-key-words across the manosphere corpora. Both male and female social actors are referenced using relational terms, while the latter are also referenced

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Alkhadem, Khalil Qasem. "A proposed Strategy for Translating Culture-Specific Taboos in Ali Al-Muqri’s the “Handsome Jew”." Journal of Social Studies 31, no. 5 (2025): 148–66. https://doi.org/10.20428/jss.v31i5.2985.

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Translating culturally-bound terms poses a significant challenge for professional translators, requiring a deep understanding of both linguistic and cultural elements, including linguistic taboos. This study analyzes the translation of linguistic taboos in the Yemeni novel The Handsome Jew by Ali Al-Muqri, identifying the strategies used to render taboo expressions and examining differences between Arabic and Western cultural taboos. It also proposes methods to improve their translation. A sample of eight taboo expressions was selected and analyzed in their English translations using Newmark’s

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Rozhkova, Serafima D. "Nomination of Protestantism in French Royal Decrees of the 16th Century." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 25, no. 3 (2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-3-39-49.

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The paper analyzes how Protestantism was denoted in French royal edicts of the 16th century. The social tension of the period of religious conflicts was unavoidably reflected in the Middle French language. Our task is to trace how it affected the language of law; in particular, what vocabulary was used in legal texts to denote the Reformation and whether it corresponded to the linguistic traditions of formulating legal issues that had developed by that time. We divide the royal statutes into two groups, representing two different legal and language policies applied to Protestantism. The first

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Florent, Munenge Mudage, and Mangaiko Mudage Lebon. "La Problématique D’intégration Des Migrants Ressortissants Du Rwanda Et Du Burundi En République Démocratique Du Congo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 5 (2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n5p299.

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This article critically diagnoses the integration difficulties encountered by Rwandan and Burundian immigrants in the Democratic Republic of Congo since 1960. Main treatments, xenophobic, and discriminatory practices used against the nationals of these two countries by indigenous Congolese people were analyzed in terms of obstacles to integration. The article also scrutinizes the derogatory, hegemonic, and disdainful behavior and attitudes of these immigrants towards the host society. The problems that these immigrants have to face from the authorities of the host country in the application of

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