Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détention provisoire'
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Khaldi, Rachid. "La détention provisoire." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR30018.
Full textDetention under remand enables an examining magistrate to deprive an accused person of his freedom while the latter is awaiting trial. This procedure contradicts a fundamental law : the presumption of innocence. This coercive measure is, nevertheless, a necessary evil. Legislation on a matter brings into focus the conflict between two opposing interests : those of the society on the one hand, and that of the individual on the other. Conscious of the problem, the french law-matter has endeavared to find an equilibrium between these opposing interests. With time, progress has been made with new legislation : magistrate's powers in the matter have been curtailed and subjects in detention under remand benefit from new guarantees. Dispite, these measures detention prior to judgement is still a source of worry to the legislator in view of its duration and the ever increasing number of cases. It appears, however, that the following measures could lessen the effects of problems mentionned above : 1) employing more magistrates to expedive work on such cases, 2) limiting as a priority preventive detention to dangerous offenders, 3) removing from the texts, the motive of public order as one of the reasons justifiying provisional detention
Troufakos, Grigoris. "La durée de la détention provisoire." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32035.
Full textReducing the time spent in prison before trial is a legal priority. In order to respond to the european convention of human rights and the french legislation, a new reform of the delays of provisional detention, of the strategy of premilinary investigation and the mentality of those who supervise it, appears today as a major necessity
Luzolo, Bambi Lessa. "La détention préventive en procédure pénale zaïroise." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32029.
Full textThe overriding question in this study is about whether the institution of preventive detention in the zairean penal code, which was conceived largely according to the spirit and technics of west european colonial solutions (belgian and french models), proves to be effective in ensuring a balance between the interests of society whose protection requires a proper prosecutionsof violations of the law and those of the indidual. This question leads to an evaluation of the effectiveness of detention in the zairean law and legal practice. That is why this study undertakes a critical rational observation, which seemed neglected by the legal doctrine, with a view to throwing a modest light on the problem raised by detention, and proposing a contribution to its effectiven ness. Thus, having analysed throughout the study the whole system of preventive detention in the zairean penal code from its origin to the present day, we thought it necessary to show the positive and negative aspects of the system before taking some time to formulate propositions for the future and to make an overrall judgement
Pinel, Valérine. "La détention provisoire et son impact sur les droits des justiciables." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33912.
Full textIn France, just as in Canada, a person that hasn’t been declared guilty yet can be placed in preventive custody to ensure the proper going of the investigation and of justice’s work or simply for security mesures. However, the number of detained convicts and their amount of time spent in custody are growing significantly and reaching an alarming state, especially in France. The following research concerns the repercussions of preventive detention on the fundamentals rights, such as the right of a fair trial. Even though many legal guarantees surround preventive detention, it causes numerous violation of the convict rights, by anticipating, before the actual trial, the questions of guilt and sentence of the defendant. However, the impacts of the preventive detention on the right of freedom and security, the presumption of innocence, the right of a neutral court, the right to have a contradictory trial, the right to be judged in a reasonabe timeframe, don’t affect every defendant the same way, leading, as well, to a violation of the right to stand equal before the law.
Laroche, François. "Les mesures de détention avant jugement au Canada et en France." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27462.
Full textPhi, Thi Thuy Linh. "La détention provisoire : étude de droit comparé : droit français et droit vietnamien." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40053/document.
Full textMost penal systems in the world have recourse to the custody of a person suspected of having committed an offence before final sentencing. Nevertheless, the intensity of this measure depends on the political regime – democratic or authoritarian- as well as the type of procedure: accusatory or inquisitorial. This deprivation of freedom before sentencing is based on the necessity to protect society from the offence which the suspect would have committed during his/her freedom. However, how can one determine this risk, this eventuality, whilst the suspect’s guilt remains to be determined by a body competent to do so? The detention of an innocent person is an irreparable wrong and a serious breach of one’s fundamental rights. Whatever the political or procedural model, the regime of pre-trial detention must strike a balance between the efficacy of the measure and the protection of fundamental rights. We will analyse the question of pre-trial detention from the Comparative Law perspective of two penal systems (French and Vietnamese ) which are seemingly contrasting at all levels: geographical, political and cultural; but which both seek measures which limit the abuse of pre-trial detention. The requirement of the likelihood of guilt before remanding the suspect in custody (as well as throughout the pre-trial detention) remains an essential rule of these systems. However, this does not solve all the problems regarding detention, notably in a context where the efficacy and the role of the entire prison system are being called into question
Rinaldi, Fabienne. "Le contentieux des decisions penales definitives." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D005.
Full textGuibert, Sandrine. "La détention provisoire au cours de l'instruction préparatoire : le "temps perdu" à la recherche de la réforme." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10045.
Full textJacquot, François. "L'instruction préparatoire et la protection de la liberté individuelle : le contentieux de la détention provisoire." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20019.
Full textThe controversy concerning provisional detention when comptemplated from the viewpoint of its use by the investigating courts bears on frequency and lengthy. The main reason of the frequency lies in an imbalance within the judicial examination which weighs heavily in favor of the prosecution. This imbalance is evidenced by the substantial use of police investigation prior to judicial examination, without guarantee of the adversary system or rights of the defense, by the abusive use of delegation of the examining magistrates’ authority to the police and by the action of the complainant being declared admissible too readily in order to set in motion criminal proceedings and to facilitate corroboration thereof. The legislator responds. It reinforced the adversary system and the rights of defense, permitted a much improved judicial review of provisional detention by strengthening the rule of law, and submitted such detention to more restrictive legal conditions. However, the creation of a panel of examining magistrates for the purpose of ruling on provisional detention has been proved illusory and the judicial supervision has not fulfilled its role as a substitute for provisional detention. The causes of the excessive lengthy are both economic (in particular insufficient resources, complexity and seriousness of the cases etc. ), and structural because the examining magistrate being both judge and inquirer is not entirely neutral with the respect to the disputes he is called upon to adjudicate and is thus objectively partial. The legislator responds to this situation and voted rules designed to control the length of detention, the French courts have exercised a greater control under the pressure of the case law of European court of human rights pertaining to reasonable length of provisional detention. Finally, structural reforms were proposed but were never adopted. Nevertheless, the veritable solution to the length of provisional detention lies in the restoration and the consolidation of the criminal procedure
El, Idrissi Abdelaziz. "Le droit à la sûreté : arrestation et détention arbitraire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10013.
Full textThe right to security, as a fundamental element of individual liberty, is a principle of constitutional and international value. This right protects the individual against all arbitrary and illegal arrest and detention. Thus, the deprivation of liberty used in police investigations is justified by necessities linked to the smooth functioning of judicial enquiries and by the continuity of criminal proceedings. On the other hand, the maintenance of public order allows the administrative authority to take measures that are detrimental to individual liberty. In this context, the right to security ensures that the detention conforms to legal conditions. The disrespect of these precautions constitutes an abuse of power or of procedure. The judicial authority, guardian of individual liberty, should protect the right to securrity through real and effective monitoring of coercive powers entrusted to the police. The legislator provides for punitive, disciplinary and compensatory measures against officers holding judiciary functions possibly responsible for arbitrary arrest and detention. Criminal responsability poses the dilemna between, on the one hand, protection of their function and status and, on the other hand, the willingness to guarantee egalitarian and exemplary justice. In the same way, the disciplinary right guarantees the respect of the professional and ethical rules of each profession through sanctions whose effectiveness relies on the transparency and growth of the role of victims in the procedure. Finally, the state as guarantor of the operation of judiciary services take care of all the service faults and the personal faults commited by its officers without being able to carry out direct civil action against them. Furthermore, the refusal by the state to carry out recursive action against its officers at fault seems to be an excessive protection granted to them
El, Amine Mohammed. "La problèmatique de la protection des droits de la personne gardée à vue en droit comparé : droit marocain et droit français." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0829.
Full textThe police custody is an exceptional measure. It may be ordered only for the purposes of an investigation and under certain conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the French and Moroccan police custody systems. The two systems have undergone each a different evolution course ever since the promulgation of the corresponding codes of criminal proceeding rules. While the French legislator has managed to render its police custody system more respectful to human rights, the Moroccan law, despite the undeniable progress in this area since the introduction of the new code of criminal proceeding rules in October 2002, remains far from being on the same footing as the French law. Two main factors explain this state of affair. First, the Moroccan legislature has failed to keep up with the international context that became more favorable to the protection of individual liberties after the Second World War. Second, there has been a lack of will and courage from all the stakeholders concerned by the criminal policy of Morocco: the legislature, the Constitutional Council, the Government, the Advisory Council for Human Rights, the Supreme Court, the associations of human rights. .
Etrillard, Claire. "Le temps dans l'investigation pénale." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G014.
Full textIn criminal investigation, time, which is used by institutional agents to establish the reality of an offence and to determine its author, plays a double role. At the same time that it conditions the efficacy of criminal investigation, time appears as an instrument for preserving individual rights. The efficacy of criminal investigation is conditioned by time. The very existence of a criminal investigation implies that not only the time elapsed but also the time yet to come should be taken into consideration. The progress of criminal investigation is also dependent on time. Investigative procedures must be carried out quickly and must be prolonged in time. From another viewpoint, time will appear to be the very best instrument for the protection of individual rights. It protects individual liberties inasmuch as it mitigates measures that limit individual liberties and measures that constitute an infringement of the right to privacy. Time also favours the rights of defense
Cardet, Christophe. "Le contrôle judiciaire socio-éducatif." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU2001.
Full textEbele, Dikor Alain Michel. "Le régime juridiqie de la détention avant jugement en droit français et en droit camerounais." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010320.
Full textBouquet, Alexandre. "Le cautionnement pénal, entre tradition et modernité." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010278.
Full textMaouene, Mostefa. "Le régime de la détention provisoire au cours de l'instruction préparatoire en droit algérien à la lumière du droit positif français." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11013.
Full textBonnot, Marion. "L'incarcération hors jugement." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10048.
Full textThe risk of arbitrary detention is inherent to any repressive action and it increases when the individual is detained without having been judged. Is not he presumed innocent, at the end of the article 9 of the Declaration of 1789? Nevertheless, the necessities of the judicial research and the conservation of the law and order justified for a long time the temporary detention. The imprisonment without judgment is accepted as far as it is framed by precise procedures. However, often considered as opposite in the fundamental principles they are frequently questioned. That is why the first objective has to be the research for measures, less privative of rights, which allow as much as possible to avoid that the person is deprived of liberty. Propositions in this way can be made, as for example an intensification of the psychological accompaniment, or a modification of the relation to the idea of constraint, but that would generate a deep transformation of the French system
Le, Monnier de Gouville Pauline. "Le juge des libertés et de la détention." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020026.
Full text« The Judge for freedom and detention » [Le juge des libertés et de la détention]. The oxymoron of its name reflects the ambivalence of this institution in criminal matters. Founded by the June 15, 2000 statute which reinforces the protection of presumption of innocence as well as the victims’ rights, this magistrate originally imposed itself as the expected compromise between the necessity of a new control over custody and ties of the French to the institution of the investigating judge [juge d‟instruction]. Empowered with a central role in this matter, the judiciary judge must also intervene when various measures are considered, both during criminal investigations and other types of litigations, such as those depriving foreigners of their freedom, administrative search and seizures or hospitalization without consent. The succession of the sporadic modifications of its powers only confirms the flexible nature of its function to serve a never ending quest: the protection of civil liberties and the balance of the pre-trial. As the legislator hedges, the institution struggles to find its place within the criminal process. Yesterday dedicated to civil liberties, today to coercion. Whilst the institution seems to set the basis for a new perception of the pre-trial phase, the evolution of its role announces further transformations: to criminal justice, to the judiciary actors and finally, the preparation of a singular equation in the litigation process. The present paper offers to locate this magistrate within these evolutions as the embryonic plot of a “new era” in the pre-trial phase
Blaise, Guerby. "Les mesures privatives de liberté avant jugement : regard porté sur le droit haïtien à la lumière du droit français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA100167.
Full textThe preparatory phase of the criminal trial is characterized by the presumption of innocence in the application of custodial measures. In this regard, the alleged must in some degree be exempted from custody (removal of freedom) because of his status of “presumed innocent” within the definition of the rights to freedom. However, in the contemporary criminal proceedings, custodial measures are taken before trials in order to seek evidence of the truth, safeguard social peace and secure the criminal trial.This derogation from the principle of freedom expresses the need for custodial measures in the pre-trial phase. In this context, the modern criminal procedure is based on the balance between the right to freedom and the protection of the general interest. This the way that the French and Haitian criminal laws establish measures involving removal of freedom prior to trials to relativize the right to freedom during the procedures of investigation and information.This research work is part of this judicial balance in matters of custody prior to trial. Indeed, this study tends to expose the necessity of the removal of freedom before trial and the correlation between the safeguard of public safety and individual freedom in the context of the search of evidence of the truth. Consequently, French and Haitian criminal policies establish a counterweight to the custodial measures prior to trial (closed or open environment measures) in order to allow the alleged to counterbalance the allegations. Thus, custodians must benefit fromjudicial guarantees in order to appeal the allegations, that is to say the charges brought against them, in the procedures of investigation and information, by means of institutional control in order to avoid excessive, arbitrary and illegal detentions. This is how our study analyzes the balance of rights between the parties : the public prosecutor (prosecutor) and the accused person, in the phase of the criminal pre-trial within the French and Haitian criminal policies
Dikongue, Jean-Baptiste. "Les privations de la liberté individuelle au cours du procès pénal en droit camerounais." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT3022.
Full textSoulard-Foucaud, Aude. "De l'influence du droit européen sur les atteintes à la liberté avant jugement en procédure pénale française." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3018.
Full textPouget, Philippe. "L'inculpé détenu en droit français et la convention européenne des droits de l'homme." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D009.
Full textThe proportion of persons charged has not stopped increasing among french prison population. Moreover the length of this measure is often long. One can note a serious breach of the principal of respect of individual liberty and this worrying situation has pushed the legislator to intervene on several occasions, in order to moderate the use of provisionnal detention. As for the european convention of human rights, it declares, in article 5, the right of every individual to liberty. It nevertheless authorizes the incarceration of any individual before his judgment but with certain guaranties meant to avoid any abusive use. Since its ratification in 1974, the convention is incorporated into the internal legal order. It is therefore useful to see whether it is susceptible of bringing solutions to problems posed by preventive custody. In order to do so, it is necessary to compare the disposals of french right and convention in that specific field. But the protection offered to persons detained on remand by the convention would habe no practical consequence if those individuals could not defend themselves against the violation of their rights. Everybody has the right to invoke the respect of the convention as confronted to national juridiction, since the former is compulsory in french law. But the originality of the convention is that is sets up organs to which any person, considering his rights violated can refer to. Nevertheless the person charged could be confranted to particular problems such as, for example, the ingerence of penitentiary administration in her correspondance with the commission. Therefore it is necessary to bring to light the set of specificities inherent to the situation of person detained on remand; in order to determine to what extent there are hindrances to the applications of the whole convention
Rosa, Kellen Martins da. "Le droit à la liberté et à la sûreté dans la jurisprudence de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l'homme comparé au système européen de protection des droits de l'homme." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010283.
Full textAbdellaoui, Adil. "L'expertise "mentale" dans le procès pénal." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10005.
Full textThe technical and scientific advance of the last years seems to have drawn the court-ordered appraisal into the center of the criminal trial. The expert, who has become the person holding the "absolute truth" was indirectly granted a power of "life or death" on the person prosecuted, thanks to his conclusions. The scientific truth, resulting from exact sciences, might be at the origins of the recognition of guilt of the defendant, but what about more subjective sciences, such as those concerning the mental health ? Indeed, these are more likely to depend on the interpretation of an often hypothetical situation and to the evaluation of the mental state of the defendant, who brings up his own reality. Nevertheless, we have to admit that in spite of the randomness of the "mental" expertise, this measure of instruction erected as a proof, for which the convincing value alone takes over the inner conviction of the judge and the jurisdiction. The legal and judicial abuses, due to "appraisal syllogism" without real fundament, clearly impede on the most fundamental rights of the persons subject to trial. The legal certainty, which is then questioned, does not seem to spark off legislative action to contain these abuses despite some recent reforms. What about the judging function when the expert seizes some of the judge's prerogatives? What are the consequences on the outcome of the criminal trial?
Morgante, Victoria. "Le droit à la protection de la santé des personnes détenues." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2077.
Full textSubstance abuse, rape among fellow prisoners, needle exchanges, deplorable hygiene, psychiatry, old age in prison: the prisoner is a " person at risk due to his environment". Nevertheless, prisoners, who are users of a public service, must not be deprived of the capacity to claim their fundamental human rights. The protection of health is a human right, linked to a duty of the state which must ensure it. No one can harm the health of others, not even a penitentiary etablishment.In this context, the Public Health and Social Protection law of January 18 th, 1994 was a real turnaround in custodial spheres. It gave responsibility for prisoner’s health to the public hospital service. Yet, although this law was a great step forward in the effective recognition of prisoners’ rights, the reconciliation of the imperative of security with the respect of such rights still poses problems today. The issues today go beyond the simple medical aspect. They achieve the basic principles of criminal law and procedure both at national and European level.Indeed, under the impetus of international and European developments, our law has acquired a status for prisoners, including that of the right to health protection, which has become a fundamental right. However, if this development has enabled considerable progress in the effectiveness of the right to care for detainees, difficulties remain and have been revealed even today by the health crisis linked to Covid-19, since the right to protection of health must be reconciled with the imperative of security.While health-related issues are now included in the case law of the Court of Cassation and the European Court, the harmonization of this law with criminal law must however go through an affirmation of the protection of the rights of the detainee. This protection must be twofold: substantive and procedural.Being a subjective right, the right to protection of the prisoner’s health should take into account the differences with that of the free population. It demands positive discrimination in terms of procedural guarantees, in particular the right to an effective remedy. Despite the loss of autonomy that detention entails and its security imperatives, the detainee who finds himself in a suitable legal situation must be able to seize the procedural opportunities.For issues such as the responsibility and the behavior of fault-committing health care providers, risk exposure factors related to prison and law enforcement, or to the responsibility of the prison authorities, are among these legal situations If prison health care workers are to work in close conjunction with the prison administration, the courts must also be involved so that the medical condition of the detainee can be taken into account in all their decisions and sentences can be individualized. However, the particular context of prison time and confinement makes it difficult to implement these substantive and procedural principles: the health crisis linked to Covid is a recent perfect example
Nga, Essomba Tergalise. "La protection des droits de l'accusé devant la cour pénale internationale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30005.
Full textProtecting the rights of the accused depends in any legal debate on respect for a fair trial. In doing so, the creation of the ICC merits special attention by virtue not only of its being permanent and universal, but also the extent of international crimes with which it deals. As a result of this broad scope, research suggests any protective coverage is relative in its effectiveness and utopian, despite the requirement of compatibility of the law applicable to internationally recognized human rights. The apparent respect for these rights, the principle of due process and the requirement of the presence of the accused at his or her trial do not guarantee an effective equality of arms, the exercise of one’s rights or respect for the presumption of innocence. Instead, the procedural rule of imbalance, the excessive length of trials and the continued detention of the accused have led to objections about effectively protecting the rights of the accused. So-called protection gives way instead to the fight against impunity, the reticence of victims and witnesses and the sovereignty of States. Following this study, it is necessary to rebalance the rights of the parties and rethink the jurisdiction of the Court
Dalil, Essakali Moulay Abdeljalil. "La place du procès équitable dans la justice pénale marocaine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA017.
Full textCurrently, in Morocco, the conditions of an equitable criminal trial seem joined together. To go towards its effective protection, the article 1st of the Criminal procedure code of 2002 stipulates that: “Any person marked or suspected to have made an infringement is supposed innocent until its culpability was legally established by a decision having acquired the force of the judged thing, at the conclusion of a fair trial where all the legal warranties are joined together. The doubt benefits the defendant". Only, these principles are reconsiderations by the official reports being taken until registration of forgery or checking of writing. They are finally by all the procedural provisions which exclude any effect of the inward conviction from the judge is by granting a conclusive force particular to certain modes of proof is by specifying in advance the means of proof which only makes it possible to establish the existence of a given infringement. Admittedly, it is not always easy for a judge to determine the authenticity and the honesty of the official reports. But the international standards are a source of advices on the way of appreciating the honesty of the evidence. To prevent that such practices are not legally authorized. The Moroccan judges must achieve their mission with the eyes of the law and exclude any proof torn off by the constraint or violence. Any procedural document achieved apart from the law or in violation of the methods which it specifies must be able to (irregular searches, interrogations under constraint, illegal, arbitrary or secret arrests…). Inevitable infringements of the rights of the individual during the investigation, the continuation and the instruction (loss of liberty, violation of the secrecy of the correspondence and the communications, searches in the residence and on the workplace, seizure of the incriminating evidences…) must be limited by the law, scrupulously defined under their conditions as in the effects which they produce and must be able to be the object of a dispute in front of a judge. If the Moroccan judges took this duty and these principles with the serious one, the Moroccan judges would deal a great blow not only in favour of equity of the lawsuits, but also against torture and the ill-treatments
Pelletier, Laure. "Le rôle du juge répressif dans les mesures pénales d'enfermement." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA0003.
Full textThe thesis proposes to apprehend the criminal confinement strictly in terms of the role of criminal court. From a binary classification of criminal confinement measures, centered around the culpability test, two separate movements could be identified. The first change concerns the role of the criminal court in confinement which is based on the criterion of guilt. The study then examines the freedom granted to it in the process of the sentence of imprisonment. It appears that the sovereignty of the judge is subject to a double mutation. While sovereignty appears weakened in the process of recourse to the death of confinement, due to authorities that exercise some influence on him, it is fully devoted to the contrary when it comes to the judge to adapt the execution of that sentence. This development questions more broadly about the meaning and the future of the office sanctioning the criminal courts.The second change concerns the judge's role in the custodial measures that stand in contrast to the foundation of guilt. The judge appears here under construction. The study then distinguishes the deprivation of liberty prior to sentencing, for the proper conduct of criminal proceedings, described as "entrapment-procedural ', those are mainly based on the dangerousness of the individual to whom they s'apply, described as "confinement-security". For the former, the role of the judge appears in search of balance, given the need to balance respect for the presumption of innocence and the needs of investigations. Regarding the second, we are seeing the emergence of an original role, unique, transcending the boundaries traditionally assigned
DEPARDON, Anne. "Droits de l'homme et détention provisoire dans les systèmes francais et anglais." Doctoral thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5566.
Full textDupré, Sophie. "La détention provisoire au Québec : portrait de l’évolution d’une mesure sur une décennie et de la population qui en est l’objet en 2011-2012." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13632.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to trace a portrait of the evolution of recourse to pretrial detention in Québec from 2002 to 2012, then to specify the characteristics of the defendants in comparison to defendants who are detained as they emerge in 2012, for the general population incarcerated in Québec penal institutions under provincial jurisdiction, for specific populations comprised of women and native peoples in regard to their proportion in the general population. To achieve this, the present tendencies of recourse for pretrial detention are established and compared to those of 2002. Also, a portrayal of detainees awaiting trial in Québec in 2011-2012 is prepared according to certain socio-demographic and criminal characteristics in relation to pretrial detention according to previous written works on the subject. This portrayal is compared to persons incarcerated in the same institutions following a conviction of a prison sentence of two years minus one day or less. Next, bivariate analyses are carried out to further understand the connection between pretrial detention and the outcome of the penal process, which consists, in the present study, of a conviction to a sentence of incarceration or other sentence of persons in pretrial detention at the onset. Analyses of logistic regression help pinpoint which variables allow us to most clearly predict the imposition of a sentence of incarceration to persons detained in provincial penal institutions in Québec for 2012. The results of our analyses indicate that there is an over-representation of men and native peoples in pretrial detention. We also note that certain socio-demographic and criminal characteristics reveal significant connections to a conviction of incarceration, such as being a defendant of native origin, having previous criminal history, having committed one or many systemic offenses, as well as belonging to a criminal group. This is also a good predicative of imposition of a prison sentence following pretrial detention. When an individual accrues these characteristics, he will face a sentence of incarceration in at least three-quarters of cases. Finally, it appears that despite long-standing will expressed and resumption of discussions when Law C-25 came into force to make pretrial detention a last resort measure, recourse to this measure keeps rising, whereas incarcerations resulting from convictions seem to be diminishing. This translates to a report that is more and more disproportionate between persons who are convicted within Québec prisons, the ratio being to the disadvantage of the person being detained in pretrial detention.
Brassard, Virginie. "Arrestation et placement en détention avant jugement : points de vue et expériences des justiciables." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10277.
Full textThis thesis aim to understand and analyze the experiences of individuals placed in pretrial detention. More specifically, this study aims to clarify that lived on the judicial and prison components involved in a remand. We want more free from the felling of such an investment. Finally, we wanted to reflect on the use of pretrial detention from the perspective of justice based on risk management and on the logic of efficiency, effectiveness and accountability. To do this, we used a qualitative approach to conduct our twenty-three interviews with men and women incarcerated awaiting trial in four detention facilities in Quebec. From these interviews, two main themes emerged, namely The judicial and prison experiences of the accused, marked by uncertainty, incomprehension, helplessness, dependency, difficult conditions of detention, losses and expectation and Sentiments from a remand, marked by suffering, injustice and the urgency out of this temporary situation. It is clear from our analysis that the way the system is administered justice, public opinion and the policies in effect have an impact on how to manage the use of remand in promoting the opposite of its original. Thus, the measurement is to be conducted at the expense of the main actor: the accused.
Chenette, Mathieu. "La constitutionnalité du par. 515(6) du Code criminel et d’autres sujets touchant la libération provisoire au Canada." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22848.
Full text