Academic literature on the topic 'Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions":
1
Islam, Farzana, and Gulshan Ara Akhter. "Child abuse in Bangladesh." Ibrahim Medical College Journal 9, no. 1 (May 7, 2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v9i1.27635.
Abstract:
In Bangladesh, a large number of children are deprived of their basic human rights due to unacceptable health, nutrition, education as well as social conditions. In addition, children are exposed to severe forms of sexual, physical and mental abuses at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. The nature and extent of violence against children irrespective of age, sex and class has been increasing day by day. These include physical torture, rape, homicide and sometimes heinous attacks with acid. Children are also victims of child labor and trafficking, both of which are treated as the most severe form of child exploitation and child abuse in the world today. This review article is aimed to focus on the present situation of various forms of child abuses in our country. Data collection is based on secondary sources of information from Dhaka Medical College Hospital, One Stop Crisis Center (OCC),UNICEF, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, several Dhaka based organizations and news paper clipping.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 18-21
2
Z, Jabbar. "Pattern of Eye Diseases in Dhaka City District Level and Village Areas in Bangladesh." Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000210.
Abstract:
Background: Ocular morbid conditions are responsible for partial or total blindness. Ocular morbidities by its sheer magnitude form an enormous problem, not only in human suffering, but also in terms of economic loss and social burden. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of eye Diseases. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. This study was done in Dhaka city, different districts of Dhaka Division and different Upazilla of Dhaka district. From these three sites 3124 patients were randomly selected. All the members of a family were cross-examined and then diseased individuals were isolated for detail history taking and clinical assessment. Results: The results revealed that 3124 study subjects were had ocular morbidity. Common ocular morbidity was 1153 had Refractive error (36.9%), 105 had Cataract, 15(0.5) had Glaucoma, 63(2.0) had Chronic Dacryocystitis, 14(0.4) had Pterygium, 6(0.2) had Diabetic Retinopathy, 56(0.2) had Retinitis pigmentosa and 1763 (56.4) others. Males were more affected as compared to females. It was observed that as the age increases the prevalence of ocular morbidity increases. Conclusion: The leading cause of eye diseases in this study was Refractive error, Cataract, Glaucoma, Chronic Dacryocystitis, Pterygium, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinitis pigmentosa and others etc.
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Reza, Md Hasan, and Nicole F. Bromfield. "Poverty, Vulnerability and Everyday Resilience: How Bangladeshi Street Children Manage Economic Challenges through Financial Transactions on the Streets." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 5 (June 25, 2018): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy047.
Abstract:
Abstract In Bangladesh, an estimated one to three million street children face poverty, violence and social stigma daily. This qualitative study of seventy-five child participants from three sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, explores how street children in Bangladesh engage in financial transactions in their social networks to build resiliency and sustain contextual well-being under conditions of extreme adversity. For these street children, contextual well-being refers to the context of living and surviving on the street (i.e. access to food, shelter, safety, sense of belonging). Our findings indicate that both significant vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in street children’s lives are common across participants. Daily life for these children consists of attaining money and then spending it quickly as a means of survival. Significant vulnerabilities for these children are the need to engage in daily income generation along with income uncertainty; an adaptive response among the participants is the engagement in financial transactions within their peer networks. Findings also show that street children are deeply embedded in these social networks, which work to sustain their well-being. We argue that interventions for Bangladeshi street children should be peer-based, grounded in a strengths perspective, and promote resilience.
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Rahman, Md Mostafizur, Asikunnaby, Saadmaan Jubayer Khan, Anuva Arony, Zahid Al Mamun, Nawwar Fatima Procheta, Mohammed Sadman Sakib, Komal Raj Aryal, Farzana Rahman, and Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam. "Mental Health Condition among University Students of Bangladesh during the Critical COVID-19 Period." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 4617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154617.
Abstract:
Bangladesh’s education sector has been in a state of flux since COVID-19. During the pandemic, all university campuses were closed. There was a mental health issue among the students. This study aims to examine the mental health condition and the determinants that contribute to adverse mental health conditions among university students of Bangladesh. A survey was performed online among university students in Bangladesh, in mid-June 2020 when averaging 3345 affected cases of the population daily. The convenience sampling technique was used and the survey gathered data from 365 university students. The relationship between general information and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) subscales of university students was determined. The questionnaire was administered to respondents during the pandemic, which ensured fast replies. Linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. University students indicated normal levels of depression (30.41%), anxiety (43.29%), and stress (47.40%). However, a disproportionate number of extremely depressed, anxious, and stressed university students suggested a mental health status of concern. There were significant connections between the individual’s opinion of social satisfaction, mental health concerns, and the present location’s safety with an undesirable mental health condition. Female students were shown to be much more anxious and stressed than male students. Capital Dhaka city students were more depressed and anxious than students outside of Dhaka. Financial and psychological support for students may help mitigate the psychological impact. Authorities should make effective efforts to reduce mental health problems among these students. This research may aid organizations, health care providers, and social workers in their attempts to prepare for and respond to pandemics.
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Rozy, Shamima Akter, and Sourav Kumar Ghosh. "Application of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck’s Theories Based on Sociological Study on Women’s Demographic Change in Dhaka City." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp311-323.
Abstract:
Globalization and reflexive modernization are the main reasons for the development of the current social system. The discussion on women's demographic change in Bangladesh is not new rather than this must be voiced issue. Women are playing a significant role in various sectors in the country. Women are making themselves strongly changing socio-economic conditions, not only by indulging in household chores but also involving themselves in different sectors like RMG, banking, IT, teaching, and so on. By discussing some of the theories of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck, presenting the current social context of the women of Bangladesh which has shown how they are self-conscious and self-reliant. These theoretical standpoints have been used to identify causes, consequences, and adaptation mechanisms to deal with the modern social system. This study highlights how relationship patterns and labor markets are changing due to globalization. It also analyzes the responsible elements and symptoms of the individualization of women in Bangladesh. The recent conflicting interests, love, and sexual life are investigated in this paper.
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Islam, Sirajul, Mahmuda Jahan Papia, and Sabrina Yesmin. "The Rural-Urban Migration and its Socio-Economic Consequences: A Study on the Rayerbazar Area of Dhaka City." International Journal of Publication and Social Studies 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5050.v7i1.4452.
Abstract:
Movement from villages to cities is a crucial issue for Bangladesh. It influences both urban and rural socio-economic conditions. This paper basically focuses the influences of movement from different rural areas to Rayerbazar area in Dhaka. The questionnaire survey is used to find out the required results. Researchers divide the reasons of rural-urban (RU) migration into four categories as; economic, social, political and personal. This paper shows economic impact and social impact of rural-urban migration. Structural Equation Model (SEM) shows that RU migration due to social, and economic reasons has positive economic impact but RU migration due to political and personal reasons has negative economic impact. RU migration for social and economic reasons have negative social impact but political and personal reasons have positive social impact. Internal movement is one of the biggest problems for Dhaka city which could be reduced by ensuring sufficient income generating opportunities in villages.
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Ahmed, Saleh, and Mahbubur Meenar. "Just Sustainability in the Global South: A Case Study of the Megacity of Dhaka." Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18806740.
Abstract:
Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, accommodates 18 million people and is one of the largest megacities in the world. A large share of its population is poor and lives in informal settlements which can be called slums. In addition to precarious and unhealthy living conditions, these slum dwellers lack formal land tenure rights and therefore are subject to government-supported evictions. Slum evictions due to various urban development pressures may bring short-term benefits to the urban real estate market but have adverse long-term effects on sustainability and livelihoods of the city’s poor residents. Using the conceptual lens of just sustainability (JS)—which facilitates an investigation of the normative and practical challenges of sustainability and environmental justice—the authors argue that urban development in Dhaka needs to ensure social justice and sustainability. While the geographic focus of this article is Dhaka, this study has direct relevance—in terms of policy and planning implications—for other cities in the Global South.
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Mollah, Kabirul A., and Toshiya Aramaki. "Social-epidemiological study for evaluation of water supply and sanitation systems of low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 1 (November 9, 2009): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.201.
Abstract:
This study aims at quantification of health losses, considering social and environmental factors. Morbidity and mortality cases of diarrhoea for children under five years old were used to estimate the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost for the target households in low-income communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water supply facilities and sanitation systems, along with hygiene practices and their health outcomes, were studied at community level. Demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects were also studied to support the research findings and give a better understanding of the local conditions. The four selected communities, Ward 60 (W60), Ward 61 (W61), Ward 62 (W62) and Ward 65 (W65), all had different existing urban services such as water supply, sanitation, garbage management and drainage facilities. All of these services existed in W62, but W60 did not have any of the services; W61 had sanitation and drainage coverage, whereas W65 had only a water supply facility. The results conclusively showed that, compared with the null (absence of services) scenario (W60), the other three scenarios (W61, W62 and W65) showed a substantial decrease of diarrhoea (1.219, 1.284 and 2.052 DALYs/household/year, respectively) reported for children under five years old. Besides urban services, other socio-economic characteristics might also influence the prevalence of diseases.
9
Akhter, Tahmina, and Othman Yong. "Can Adaptive Market Hypothesis Explain the Existence of Seasonal Anomalies? Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh." Contemporary Economics 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 198–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.444.
Abstract:
This paper examines the behavior of seasonal anomalies in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh and whether the time varying nature of the anomalies is in line with Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH). With this aim the research investigated whether the changes in market conditions, for example: up and down market states, stock market bubbles and crashes, initiation of automated trading system and circuit breaker system can affect the behavior of calendar anomalies and therefore, can provide justification for the seasonal patterns in DSE. To achieve the stated objectives, this study utilizes daily general index values of DSE from 1993 to 2018, with GARCH (1,1) model, Markov switching model, subsample analysis and rolling window analysis. The findings support the existence of AMH at DSE in the form of time-varying nature of seasonal anomalies. However, not all seasonal anomalies examined in the study were found to grow weaker over time. The most important finding of this study is that the investors in emerging stock markets, for example DSE, may not learn from the past investment experiences and show the adapting ability towards changed market conditions in the same manner like the investors in a developed market.
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Baser, Shahadat, and M. Maksudur Rahman. "City dwellers' perception of environmental hazards and risks in Dhaka city." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 47, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v47i1.54186.
Abstract:
This paper examines the social perceptions against the existing overall environmental hazards and pollutions of different residential areas of Dhaka Metropolitan area. The empirical data have been collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from 180 households. The findings reveal that more than 60% of people in residential areas are at high risk for environmental hazards due to the vast population density and unplanned high-rise buildings. Furthermore, on average, more than 53% of respondents have uttered various pollutions emphatically air, dust and noise pollution which are now common environmental phenomena of residential areas for unruly behaviors of dwellers and mismanagement of respective authorities. Moreover, the lack of open space is a burning question for the city dwellers, which causes a ventilation crisis through accelerating indoor pollution claimed by 95% of slum dwellers. After all, slum dwellers are more deprived of overall urban facilities, and abiding in unhygienic conditions made them more prone to fire hazards and severe health disorders. So, the study suggests that policymakers and city corporation authorities should be more concerned and taken proper initiatives to eradicate multifaceted issues to fabricate a sustainable environment for city dwellers.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(1): 47-65, June 2021
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions":
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Hossain, Md Shahadat School of Sociology & Anthropology UNSW. "Urban poverty and adaptations of the poor to urban life in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25762.
Abstract:
This thesis explores urban poverty and the adaptations of the urban poor in the slums of the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It seeks to make a contribution to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid mass urbanisation in the Third World and its social consequences, the formation of huge urban slums and new forms of urban poverty. Its focus is the analysis of poverty which has been overwhelmingly dominated by economic approaches to the neglect of the social questions arising from poverty. This thesis approaches these social questions through an ???urban livelihood framework???, arguing that this provides a more comprehensive framework to conceptualise poverty through its inclusion of both material and non-material dimensions. The study is based on primary data collected from slums in Dhaka City. Five hundred poor households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire to investigate the economic activities, expenditure and consumption, access to housing and land, family and social networking and cultural and political integration. The survey data was supplemented by qualitative data collected through fifteen in-depth interviews with poor households. The thesis found that poverty in the slums of Dhaka City was most strongly influenced by recent migration from rural areas, household organisation, participation in the ???informal??? sector of the economy and access to housing and land. Almost half of the poor households in the study locations were identified as ???hardcore poor???, that is having insufficient income for their physical needs. The remainder were found to be ???absolute poor???, those who experienced poverty and vulnerability but varied in their levels of income and consumption. This level of poverty was also characterised by their social, cultural and political marginalisation. In summary, the urban poor remain very much dependent on their household and social networking, the main social capital they use to adapt to life in Dhaka City. Overall, the urban poor in this study experience the highest level of poverty and vulnerability in their everyday life. The thesis argues that the experience of poverty in the megacity of Dhaka for these households follows the pattern of urbanisation without development, the very opposite to their expectations and aspirations.
2
Afsar, Rita. "Causes, consequences and challenges of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha258.pdf.
Abstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-404) Attempts to contribute toward greater understanding of the urbanization process in Bangladesh. Focuses particularly on the rural-urban migration process, explaining the causes of mobility and stability and the consequences flowing from that movement for the wellbeing of migrants and their families.
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Nahiduzzaman, Kh Md. "HOUSING THE URBAN POOR: AN INTEGRATED GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE : The Case of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90297.
Abstract:
It is claimed that low-income people in Dhaka city do not have the financial ability to enjoy adecent housing environment. There is a clear lack of knowledge on how low-income people,drawing upon both their available income together and support from formal financial institutions,would be able to afford housing. It is commonly considered a fact that their access to formalfinancial means is largely hindered by their poor financial status, along with the absence of anyform of land tenure security. The case of this study demonstrates, on the contrary, the adequatefinancial ability of the urban poor when it comes to meeting rent and payments for other necessaryservices. This study therefore primarily responds to the critical issue of whether the government isunaware of informal housing practices, or is simply ignorant of low-income housing provision.In this study, perspectives on change are analyzed in order to comprehend the obstacles andchallenges embedded within the housing organizations of Dhaka city. Within the local governanceparadigm, the concepts of deliberative dialogue and partnership are explored with the aim toreveal both the resources rooted in ‘informal’ low-income housing practices, and the resources atstake for the ‘formal’ housing gatekeepers. Different land tenure security options are explored inorder to understand their compatibility with the informal nature of low-income housing. Thetheory of social business is critically reviewed, and used to examine whether low-incomeaffordable housing could be seen as a product resulting from partnerships between vested actors,for whom the low-income community could be considered to be both a beneficiary and a partner.This study suggests that outside the boundary of ‘formal’ housing, there is an unexplored andfunctional ‘informal’ housing market where de facto owners purchase ‘business tenure security’from the slum lords, while de facto tenants buy ‘house rental tenure security’ in exchange forregular rental payments. Within this informality, an innovative financial organization (the JhilparCooperative) has emerged as a creative platform for business investment. This study reveals thatJhilpar’s inhabitants pay more than 30 percent of their monthly income for housing. As anabsolute value, this is more than what is being paid by middle-class – and even many high-income– people. The slum inhabitants also pay more for a limited supply of basic services, such aselectricity.This study concludes that the formal housing gatekeepers lack a complete knowledge of‘informality’ – a notion reflected in, for example, the actual financial ability of the urban poor; thestrength and potentials of systematic community-based cooperative business; and housing relocationdecisions (employment-housing nexus). This fundamental lack of knowledge precludesthe housing gatekeepers from taking the right decisions to achieve affordable low-incomehousing. These deficiencies have led to low-income housing projects that have barely benefitedthe urban poor, benefiting other income groups instead. Low-income housing projects utilizingland title provision, sites and services schemes, and relocation to other places (amongst otherstrategies) disregard the nature, strength, and potentials of housing ‘informality’ in the slums inthe most pronounced manner. This identified knowledge gap also rules out private and publichousing gatekeepers employing their resources as enablers or providers. To improve this impassewith regard to affordable low-income housing, this study advocates a ‘social business model forlow-income housing’ as the most effective option for the Jhilpar community, wherebypartnerships would be built on an ‘investment’ mindset, through a shift away from conventional‘give away’ practices.QC 20120221
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Tjäder, Zacharias. "Preparing for Disasters -Experiences of collaborative governance & coordination in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109501.
Abstract:
Dhaka city and Bangladesh is unique in many ways. The country profile is most definitely an interesting case to study through the lenses of disaster management. In this thesis a framework or theories encompassing collaborative governance and coordination crisis- management networks is applied to the challenging context of Bangladesh. The study looks at themes such as ‘history of conflicts’, ‘trust building’, ‘power imbalances’, ‘comprehensive overview’ and crisis network variables like ‘complexity’ and ‘familiarity‘. The theory block is foremost gathered from Michael Hillyard, Naim Kapucu and Alison Gash and Chris Ansell. The study is based on interviews from individuals representing different types of organizations that have connections to coordination avenues. A thematic analysis approach is used to apply the theories on the empirics. Three research questions encapsulates the core of the study; what components stimulate collaborative governance theoretically and how does part- takers of disaster management in Dhaka perceive collaborative governance and coordination under disaster preparedness? Finally, how does the presented theories conform to the practises focused on coordination and collaborative governance when preparing for disasters in Dhaka, Bangladesh? The study finds that the establishment of coordination avenues are evident in Dhaka and that the development of various parts of coordination activities is moving rather strong. The study show that many organizations are project- based in Dhaka and that competition over intellectual property and funding can work in both directions for coordination and collaborative governance. Either lowering the ambition for collaborations or increasing it. The study also confirms findings of previous coordination studies in Bangladesh that suggest that the institutional approach is very much individualistic which can, to some degree, hamper coordination activities. The study suggest that the system for coordination and its reach appears to be more established horizontally on a strategic level than on the vertical level. Coordination activities and collaborative governance also operates simultaneously in Dhaka, both vertically and horizontally. In closure the experiences of DM- employees in Dhaka suggest that earthquakes and droughts, or combinations of quakes and flooding may pose a serious challenge to the disaster management relief resources of Dhaka city.
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Sarafian, Isabelle. "Evaluation of a peer education program for HIV prevention among hotel-based sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: .a social support framework." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96788.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the outcome and process of a peer education program for sex workers, with social support proposed as an organizing framework. Program outcomes were assessed through a pre-post design without comparison group. Sex workers naïve to peer education (N=273) were assessed on socio-cognitive and behavioral variables. At post-test 5.1 months later, a subsample (N=82) was reassessed; significant increases were found in perceived susceptibility, condom use skills, knowledge, self-reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms, and treatment seeking which doubled, but not in prescriptive and descriptive norms, self-efficacy, or condom use. Knowledge and condom use increased with number of peer educators seen. Process was assessed in terms of peer educator characteristics and content of peer education sessions. The same socio-cognitive and behavioral variables were assessed for peer educators (N=29) as for sex workers, with peer educators scoring higher on most. Peer educators resembled sex workers in educational level and work background but were older and more experienced, and 55% no longer engaged in sex work. Sex workers attending sessions (N=173) rated peer educators positively on credibility and closeness, more highly on the former than the latter. Closeness ratings were related to sex workers' condom use skills, treatment seeking, and condom use at post-test. Research assistants observed peer education sessions (N=173); older, more experienced peer educators no longer engaged in sex work were observed as better able to obtain audience's participation. Peer education sessions (N=171) were recorded and coded into percentages of social support types provided by the peer educator: informational (M=26%), instrumental (M=8%), appraisal (M=2%), emotional (M=12%), companionship (M=6%), non-support (M=45%). Peer educators were classified into three "social support profiles" based on average proportions of emotional and informational support they provided. Seeing more peer educators with a high informational support profile was related to higher sex worker self-efficacy, STI symptoms, and condom use at post-test; the same was true for the high emotional support profile and treatment seeking. Though overall program effects seemed limited, certain process measures were meaningfully associated to outcomes. Increased treatment seeking was a notable success of the program. Social support provided a useful framework, but needs further exploration.Cette étude a évalué l'impact et les processus d'un programme d'éducation par les pairs auprès de travailleuses du sexe. Le cadre théorique proposé est le soutien social. Les travailleuses du sexe (N=273) ont été évaluées selon des variables socio-cognitives et comportementales. Un sous-groupe (N=82) a été réévalué 5,1 mois après l'intervention; l'étude ne comportait pas de groupe témoin. Parmi les facteurs mesurés il y a eu augmentation de la susceptibilité perçue au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) et aux infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST), la compétence technique dans l'utilisation du condom, la connaissance du VIH et des IST, des symptômes rapportés d'IST et du recours aux soins pour ces derniers symptômes, qui a doublé. Aucun changement n'a été noté dans les normes prescriptives et descriptives, l'auto-efficacité ou l'utilisation du condom. La connaissance du VIH et des IST et l'utilisation du condom ont augmenté avec le nombre de pairs-éducatrices rencontrées. Les processus du programme ont été évalués en termes des caractéristiques des pairs-éducatrices et du contenu des séances d'éducation. Les mêmes variables socio-cognitives et comportementales ont été mesurées chez les travailleuses du sexe que chez les pairs-éducatrices, ces dernières présentant des scores supérieurs dans la plupart des cas. Les pairs-éducatrices étaient comparables aux travailleuses du sexe en termes de profession et de niveau de scolarité mais elles étaient plus âgées, plus expérimentées et 55% d'entre elles ne travaillaient plus dans le commerce du sexe. Des travailleuses du sexe présentes aux séances d'éducation (N=173) ont évalué les pairs-éducatrices quant à leur crédibilité et leur proximité affective et sociale (closeness). Ces évaluations étaient positives, avec des scores plus élevés pour la crédibilité que pour la proximité. Ce dernier facteur était relié à la compétence technique dans l'utilisation du condom, au recours aux soins et à l'utilisation du condom par les travailleuses du sexe après intervention. Des assistantes de recherche ont aussi observé des séances d'éducation (N=173). Les pairs-éducatrices plus âgées et plus expérimentées ne travaillant plus dans le commerce du sexe ont été perçues comme plus en mesure d'obtenir la participation de leur auditoire. Les séances d'éducation ont été enregistrées et analysées quant aux différents types de soutien social fournis par les pairs-éducatrices: informatif ( M=26%), instrumental ( M=8%), évaluatif (M=2%), émotif (M=12%), de camaraderie (companionship) (M=6%), non-soutien (M=45%). Les pairs-éducatrices ont été classées en trois « profils de soutien social » selon la proportion moyenne de soutien informatif et émotif apporté durant les séances d'éducation. Les travailleuses du sexe ayant vu un plus grand nombre de pairs-éducatrices au profil élevé en soutien informatif ont augmenté leurs scores à l'auto-efficacité, au rapport de symptômes d'IST et à l'utilisation du condom après intervention. Un lien similaire a été trouvé entre les pairs-éducatrices au profil haut en soutien émotif et le recours aux soins. Bien que les effets du programme aient été limités dans l'ensemble, un lien significatif a été trouvé entre certains aspects du processus et l'impact du programme. L'augmentation du recours aux soins représente un succès important de l'intervention. Le soutien social offre un cadre théorique utile, mais qui demande plus d'exploration.
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Halim, Sadeka. "Invisible again : women and social forestry in Bangladesh." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64569.pdf.
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Halim, Sadeka. "Rural development programmes : their impact on women : a Bangladesh study." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61071.
Abstract:
Rural development is a serious problem in Bangladesh, and so is the situation of women. This thesis assesses the programmes offered by a particular non-governmental organization, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), which simultaneously promote rural development and improve the status of women. This assessment is achieved by examining the functioning and impact of these programmes in a single village. The study is exploratory and uses qualitative methods, employing principally unstructured but in-depth interviews. Results indicate that most village women were aware of the need for improvement in the position of women, but interest, and thus active participation, was greater among those who were widowed or divorced. For these women, the programmes did succeed in raising their income through better technical knowledge, and in some ways improved their position in the family and society. They did not, however, succeed in raising their administrative knowledge, confining them to "women's only" projects, and did little to increase political empowerment.
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Redclift, Victoria. "Histories of displacement and the creation of political space : "statelessness" and citizenship in Bangladesh." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/270/.
Abstract:
In May 2008, at the High Court of Bangladesh, a ‘community’ that has been ‘stateless’ for over thirty five years were finally granted citizenship. Empirical research with this ‘community’ as it negotiates the lines drawn between legal status and statelessness captures an important historical moment. It represents a critical evaluation of the way ‘political space’ is contested at the local level and what this reveals about the nature and boundaries of citizenship. The thesis argues that in certain transition states the construction and contestation of citizenship is more complicated than often discussed. The ‘crafting’ of citizenship since the colonial period has left an indelible mark, and in the specificity of Bangladesh’s historical imagination, access to, and understandings of, citizenship are socially and spatially produced. While much has changed since Partition, particular discursive registers have lost little of their value. Today, religious discourses of ‘pollution’ and ‘purity’ fold into colonial and post-colonial narratives of ‘primitivity’ and ‘progress’ and the camp draws a line in contemporary nationalist space. Unpicking Agamben’s (1998; 2005) binary between ‘political beings’ and ‘bare life’, the thesis considers ‘the camp’ as a social form. The camps of Bangladesh do not function as bounded physical or conceptual spaces in which denationalized groups are altogether divorced from ‘the polity’. Instead ‘acts of citizenship’ (Isin and Nielsen, 2008) occur at the level of everyday life, as the moments in which formal status is transgressed. Until now the space of citizenship has failed to recognise the ‘non-citizens’ who can, through complicated accommodations and creative alliances, occupy or negotiate that space. Using these insights, the thesis develops the concept of ‘political space’, an analysis of the way in which history has shaped spatial arrangements and political subjectivity. In doing so, it provides an analytic approach of relevance to wider problems of displacement, citizenship and ethnic relations.
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Gayen, Kaberi. "Modelling the influence of communication on fertility behaviour of women in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2004. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2783.
Abstract:
The total fertility rate in Bangladesh declined from 6.3 children per women in 1975 to 3.3 in 1997-1999. This decline of 48 per cent over a 25-year period occurred without a substantial improvement in socio-economic status, health conditions and other factors thought to be essential for fertility decline. In this thesis it is postulated that current fertility behaviour is a manifestation of ideational change, which has occurred through mass media and interpersonal communication channels. To investigate the influence of communication on fertility behaviour and to control for demographic and socioeconomic and cultural variables, 724 married women of reptoductive age were interviewed from six rural villages of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Another village was surveyed to compare the influence of religion. Data were collected in a full network basis in that one currently married woman with at least one child from each household of the entire village was interviewed. Sociometric data along with socio-economic-cultural and family planning practice data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data have been analysed using statistical methods to construct models of factors, which influence the total number of children a woman has and those that determine the likelihood that a woman practices family planning. The main influencing variables to explain the total number of children were found to be wife's age, age at first child bom, number of family members, demand for male children, demand for female children, death of male children, place of giving birth, housing score, religion, equipment score, land property, FWA and information score. Whereas the influencing variables to explain the family planning practice were demand for male children, death of male children and variables connected with communication such as degree of interpersonal communication, mass media exposure, husband, Family Welfare Assistants (FWAs) and frequency of discussion with FWAs. Communication variables, especially interpersonal communication, were found to be most important in explaining family planning practice. More particularly, the dominant source of general information is relatives and friends. FWAs followed by friends and relatives are the main source of family planning information that along with husband influence fertility decisions. Hence, there was a need to ftu-ther understand the web of interactions among individuals, peer groups and opinion leaders using social network analysis. The web of communication links in which an individual exists and takes fertility decision was then modeled with the collected sociometric data. To do this, three matrices were constructed to reflect any communication link, the strength of these links and approval of family planning. Various centrality measures (in-degree, out-degree, betweenness and power), clique patterns and actors positions in the network were produced and analysed using Ucinet-6. This revealed that the actors who were not strongly connected or exist in the periphery of this web tended not to practice family planning. Also it was found that actors who overlap more than one clique are more likely to practice family planning. Variables created from the centrality measures were then added to the regression models for the total number of children and the use of family planning. In both the cases sociometric variables were found significant which ftirther enhanced the explanation of fertility behaviour of the women in rural Bangladesh. Using Structural Equation Models the direct and indirect effects of these variables were determined. Demographic, socio-economic-cultural variables were more directly associated in explaining total number of children while communication variables were directly associated in explaining family planning use, and family planning practice has a direct influence on the number of children born. Thus, as communication directly influences family planning practice it has an indirect influence on the Total Fertility Rate. From this work it is recommended that the service that was provided by the FWAs be reestablished and strengthened, husbands should be targeted in family planning motivation programmes and male contraceptive methods should be promoted. Also more motivational programmes should be incorporated in family planning programmes to create a positive image of female children and the extent of the social interaction among village women should be increased.
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Tighe, Eleanor G. "Stakeholder capitalism and workers' rights in the Bangladesh garment industry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377151/.
Abstract:
This thesis provides an original contribution to understanding of stakeholder capitalism and applications of stakeholder capitalism to labour governance in globalised clothing production networks. Specifically, this thesis draws on primary qualitative and ethnographic field-data collected in Dhaka, Bangladesh to provide new insight to the challenge of poor working conditions and workers’ rights in the global garment industry. The research presented here questions the potential of retail-led stakeholder capitalism to contribute positive development outcomes to the lives of workers employed in cut and stitch garment manufacture. Adopting the Global Production Network’s (GPN) framework, the thesis argues that the ability of stakeholder capitalism to engage and advance the voice of workers in clothing and retail GPNs is influenced by the nature of the relationship and strategic coupling between transnational retailers and their localised factory suppliers. It argues that civil society demands for labour standards have generated a compliance-based response to stakeholder capitalism whereby expectations and acceptance of labour standards are negotiated between retailers and their suppliers. While these negotiations appear discursive, the voices of workers in these negotiations appear largely absent. Thus, it makes an original contribution to understanding relational processes in clothing production systems, moving away from top-down, buyer-driven linear approaches,to conceive power relations in retail production networks as dynamic, subjective and negotiated. This thesis argues that how these power relationships are negotiated and the impacts and interactions of these relations needs to be understood and accounted for if stakeholder capitalism is going to have a serious impact on improving the lives of workers in globalised production systems.
Books on the topic "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions":
1
Non-Resident Bangladeshi Conference (1st 2007 Dhaka, Bangladesh). First Non-Resident Bangladeshi Conference, 2007: December 27, 28 & 29, Hotel Sheraton, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: Scholars Bangladesh, 2007.
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Selim, Nadia. Domestic service in Bangladesh: A case study in Dhaka. Dhaka: Expressions, 2009.
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Selim, Nadia. Domestic service in Bangladesh: A case study in Dhaka. Dhaka: Expressions, 2009.
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1958-, Pryer Jane A. Poverty and vulnerability in Dhaka slums: The urban livelihoods study. Great Britain: Ashgate Pub Co, 2003.
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Siddiqui, Kamal. Social formation in Dhaka, 1985-2005: A longitudinal study of society in a third world megacity. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2010.
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Nilufar, Nahar. Aged women in urban area of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Dhaka: A. H. Development Pub. House, 2006.
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Bangladesh Social and Economic Forum. Workshop. Key messages arising from deliberations of Bangladesh Social and Economic Forum 2001, Dhaka, 3-5 May 2001. Dhaka: Bangladesh Social and Economic Forum, 2001.
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Ahmed, Sharif Uddin. Dacca: A study in urban history and development. London: Curzon Press, 1986.
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Shakur, Tasleem. Squatters of no hope?: An analysis of spontaneous settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1971-1987. Dhaka: Horizon Publication, 2008.
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Shakur, Tasleem. Squatters of no hope?: A critical analysis of spontaneous settlementsand resettlement camps in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Centre for Development Planning Studies, 1990.
Book chapters on the topic "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions":
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Huq, Md Enamul, Zhenfeng Shao, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, Cai Bowen, Abdullah Al Mamun, Nayyer Saleem, Akib Javed, and Md Mahabubur Rahman. "Measuring Vulnerability to Flash Flood of Urban Dwellers." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 317–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_12.
Abstract:
AbstractFlash floods are unexpected, localized flood events that occur when an exceptional amount of rain falls happens over a short period of time. In South Asia, it is mostly disastrous, for example, in 2017 flash floods killed approximately 1200 people from India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. However, it is also common in Dhaka megacity, Bangladesh due to its geographic location, monsoon climatic condition and surrounding rivers. Though it is impossible to avoid them, the losses and damages of hazards can be reduced effectively by using appropriate techniques. This study aims to determine the responsible factors and measure the household vulnerability to flash flood as a tool of mitigation. The study has been conducted based on primary data. Therefore, data were collected from both slum and non-slum population to cover the entire urban habitats. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire based on five factors (social, economic, institutional, structural, and environmental) of vulnerability to flash flood. The key feature of this paper is to provide an insight into real picture of vulnerability to flash flood for urban habitants. Moreover, this practical approach is useful to quantify hazard-induced vulnerabilities not only for Dhaka megacity but also for other cities of the globe.
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Chowdhury, Sadeque Md Zaber. "Housing affordability problems of the middle-income groups in Dhaka, Bangladesh." In Housing Policy, Wellbeing and Social Development in Asia, 161–84. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in international real estate: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315460055-10.
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Asahiro, K. "Social Forestry Conditions on the Teknaf Peninsula." In Deforestation in the Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh, 129–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5475-4_10.
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Rahman, Md Mamunur, Jinat Jahan, and Yuan Zhou. "Alleviating Traffic Congestion by the Strategy of Modal Shift from Private Cars to Public Transports: A Case of Dhaka City, Bangladesh." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the Computational Social Science Society of the Americas, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35902-7_7.
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Vanpeperstraete, Ben. "The Rana Plaza Collapse and the Case for Enforceable Agreements with Apparel Brands." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 137–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_9.
Abstract:
AbstractDisasters like the Rana Plaza collapse and the Tazreen Fashions and Ali Enterprises fires painfully demonstrate the limits of conventional models of labour regulation in global supply chains. Buyer-driven markets characterised by outsourcing, subcontracting and offshoring, and the price pressure that results from them, undermines both the regulatory role of the state and the potential for collective bargaining. As a result, poor and unsafe working conditions prevail in transnational corporate supply chains in the garment industry. The aforementioned disasters offer a textbook example of the challenges facing the current clothing industry and the limits of the dominant “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) model used to address labour rights abuses.Yet, the responses to these disasters also provide fertile ground for alternative “worker-driven” strategies, where worker organisations enter into negotiated supply chain agreements with transnational corporations and hold the latter to account. The Bangladesh Accord and Rana Plaza Arrangement, as well as the corollary Tazreen Compensation Agreement and Ali Enterprises Compensation Agreement attempt to develop a counter-hegemonic alternative to dominant CSR practices and offer new strategies for social justice within global supply chains. This chapter describes and contextualises these agreements in a broader trajectory of labour organisations bargaining and negotiating such agreements with lead firms, highlighting how the post-Rana Plaza momentum made significant strides possible in terms of the depth, scope and enforceability of these negotiated agreements. The chapter identifies the strengths of these developments, but also identifies room for improvement for future negotiated enforceable agreements with apparel brands.
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Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad, and Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid. "Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Earthquake Hazards in Dhaka South City, Bangladesh Using a Modified PAR Model." In Natural Hazards - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108714.
Abstract:
The study aims at investigating the root causes, dynamic pressures, and unsafe conditions to the progression of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards among the people residing in the 22nd ward of Hazaribagh Thana of Dhaka South City (DSC) in Bangladesh. Following a purposive sampling procedure, the study selected the 22nd Ward of Dhaka South city. As part of qualitative methods, a total of 20 Key Informants Interviews (KII) were carried out and six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. By adopting a modified Pressure and Release (PAR) model, the study revealed that the low-income status of the family, lack of proper health services, single-headed family, gender, differently able person, and the interpersonal good relation members, the availability of urban emergency center has found root causes for the progression of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards. Lack of appropriate skills, unplanned residences, and industry contribute to the production of dynamic pressures of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards. The unsafe conditions involve poor housing materials, dangerous locations for residents, and a lack of first aid documents associated with the production of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards.
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"The Social Life Of Slum Communities In Dhaka City." In Urban Poverty in Bangladesh. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755692651.ch-005.
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Grime, Paul. "Fashion victims." In Why I Became an Occupational Physician and Other Occupational Health Stories, 134–35. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198862543.003.0110.
Abstract:
In Fashion victims Paul Grime briefly explores the work conditions for those in the garment manufacturing industry, remembering the fatal collapse of a garment factory at the Rana Plaza complex in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013 due to unsafe conditions.
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Islam, M. Rezaul. "Abuse Among Child Domestic Workers in Bangladesh." In Social Issues Surrounding Harassment and Assault, 556–76. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7036-3.ch031.
Abstract:
This study explored the prevalence and causes of child abuses e.g., physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of child domestic workers in Bangladesh. This study used a mixed method approach. Data sources were 849 child domestic workers, 849 house owners, and 15 development practitioners and experts. A household survey was carried out in three different areas in the Dhaka city. The study employed semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observation methods. The results showed that the prevalence of child abuses was very high and manifested physically, emotionally, and sexually among the studied child domestic workers. This was noted as a violation of Bangladesh law and of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The findings of this study could be an important guideline to the policy makers, human rights practitioners, and international human and child rights organisations in seeking to alleviate these violations.
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Islam, M. Rezaul. "Abuse Among Child Domestic Workers in Bangladesh." In Global Ideologies Surrounding Children's Rights and Social Justice, 1–21. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2578-3.ch001.
Abstract:
This study explored the prevalence and causes of child abuses e.g., physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of child domestic workers in Bangladesh. This study used a mixed method approach. Data sources were 849 child domestic workers, 849 house owners, and 15 development practitioners and experts. A household survey was carried out in three different areas in the Dhaka city. The study employed semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observation methods. The results showed that the prevalence of child abuses was very high and manifested physically, emotionally, and sexually among the studied child domestic workers. This was noted as a violation of Bangladesh law and of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The findings of this study could be an important guideline to the policy makers, human rights practitioners, and international human and child rights organisations in seeking to alleviate these violations.
Conference papers on the topic "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions":
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Jones, V., R. Halliday, M. King, and Shafiqul Islam. "The realisation of the 6.2km long Padma Multipurpose Road and Rail Bridge in Bangladesh." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0652.
Abstract:
<p>The Padma is one of the world’s mightiest rivers, being a distributary of the Ganges and the Jamuna rivers, winding its way through Bangladesh to the Bay of Bengal. It is a major division between the country’s south-west region and the capital city and economic centre of Dhaka. During the monsoon season, the Padma River becomes fast flowing and capable of causing deep scour. Crossing the Padma with a 6.2km long steel truss bridge, carrying road and rail, presents technical challenges to the client, consultants and contractors, including significant river training work and deep foundations in an alluvial flood plain, where the rock formation lies several km below the river bed, and in an area subject to considerable seismic activity leading to possible liquefaction of the soil. Other challenges include major vessel traffic and ship impact. Once these technical challenges are overcome, the construction of the bridge will bring considerable social, political and economic advantages to Bangladesh and development to the south-west region, giving greater access to the country’s second port at Mongla and to the proposed Payra Port, which is currently under construction. This paper describes some of the technical challenges faced and overcome in bringing this landmark multipurpose crossing to fruition.</p>
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Roy, Gargi, and Zhou Wen Chong. "Towards child-friendly mega-delta cities in Asia. A critical literature review." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/uuga9354.
Abstract:
The ‘reinstatement’ of children within the planning discourse reflects a scholarly and professional recognition of the interdependencies between urban space and critical health issues of specific social groups (Gleeson & Sipe, 2006). This research paper interrogates the international policy concept of child-friendly cities, defined as “any system of local governance committed to fulfilling child rights as articulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It is a city or community where the voices, needs, priorities and rights of children are an integral part of public policies, programmes and decisions” (UNICEF, 2018: 10). It considers the conceptual limitation of the policy concept when children’s ability to survive, grow and thrive are increasingly threatened by extreme weather events and environmental degradation. The research paper looks specifically at the urban challenges faced by mega-delta cities in Asia (e.g. Bangkok, Dhaka, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Kolkata, Shenzhen, Yangon) where children make up a sizeable demographic group. Utilizing the uneven spatial development of Dhaka, Bangladesh (Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta) as case study, the paper explores how the conceptual limitation of CFCs shapes its implementation gaps. Lastly, this research paper considers the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children living in the mega-deltas cities of Asia.
Reports on the topic "Dhaka (Bangladesh) Social conditions":
1
Ton, Giel, Keetie Roelen, Neil Howard, and Lopita Huq. Social Protection Intervention: Evaluation Research Design. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.004.
Abstract:
This paper describes the research design for investigating and evaluating the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) social protection cash-plus intervention in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. After an introductory section, the second section elaborates on contribution analysis – the methodological approach underpinning the research design. The third section provides an overview of the intervention, and the fourth explores the overall design of the evaluation, its guiding framework, and the timeline of the intervention rollout and data collection. The fifth and sixth sections address the project’s suite of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the approach to data analysis. Using four panel surveys, bi-monthly monitoring, in-depth interviews, group discussions and direct observations, the research will zoom in on specific behaviours. First, at the individual level, we want to learn how people adopt alternative livelihoods in response to the intervention. Second, at the household level, we consider how community mobilisation and cash transfers help households to resolve intra‑household problems. Third, at the group level, we consider how groups manage collective action in response to community mobilisation. For each of these behaviour change outcomes, we want to understand the realist evaluation question, ‘Why does the intervention work, for whom, and under what conditions?’ We also want to assess whether these new behaviours change the propensity for children to be involved in the worst forms of child labour.
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Study of adolescents: Dynamics of perception, attitude, knowledge and use of reproductive health care. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1997.1000.
Abstract:
Knowledge, perceptions, and behavior related to reproductive health (RH) and sexual matters underlie all the conditions that family planning/maternal and child health (FP/MCH) programs address, thus these are important issues for FP researchers, population policymakers, and service providers. To achieve significant levels of fertility or mortality declines, participation of adolescents in reproductive health programs, including FP/MCH, is essential. Studies focusing on sexuality and attitudes of adolescents on RH, and the interacting influences of family, community, and the social sector developmental programs (health, FP/MCH, education, women’s development) would give useful revelations. This report presents findings from a study that was designed to conduct in-depth research on adolescents’ attitudes, perceptions, and behavior on sexuality and RH in selected urban and rural settings of Bangladesh.