Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diffraction Vectors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Diffraction Vectors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Diffraction Vectors"

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Urban, K., Z. Zhang, M. Wollgarten, and D. Gratias. "Diffraction contrast of dislocations in icosahedral quasicrystals." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100175405.

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Recently dislocations have been observed by electron microscopy in the icosahedral quasicrystalline (IQ) phase of Al65Cu20Fe15. These dislocations exhibit diffraction contrast similar to that known for dislocations in conventional crystals. The contrast becomes extinct for certain diffraction vectors g. In the following the basis of electron diffraction contrast of dislocations in the IQ phase is described. Taking account of the six-dimensional nature of the Burgers vector a “strong” and a “weak” extinction condition are found.Dislocations in quasicrystals canot be described on the basis of si
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Fogret, Éric, and Pierre Pellat-Finet. "A Light-Ray Approach to Fractional Fourier Optics." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 7 (2023): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7070505.

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A light ray in space is characterized by two vectors: (i) a transverse spatial vector associated with the point where the ray intersects a given spherical cap; (ii) an angular-frequency vector which defines the ray direction of propagation. Given a light ray propagating from a spherical emitter to a spherical receiver, a linear equation is established that links its representative vectors on the emitter and on the receiver. The link is expressed by means of a matrix which is not homogeneous, since it involves both spatial and angular variables (having distinct physical dimensions). Indeed, the
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Li, D. Y., and C. W. MacKinnon. "Indexing of incommensurate satellite reflections in X-ray powder diffraction pattern of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) phase." Powder Diffraction 12, no. 3 (1997): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571560000960x.

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X-ray powder diffraction data and refined unit cell parameters for the (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) superconducting phase, indexed using incommensurate modulation principles, are reported. Comparison of the results obtained with one- and two-component modulation wave vectors showed that the two-component modulation wave vector is superior for indexing the satellite reflections. A two-component wave vector indexing result seems likely when only the powder diffraction data are considered.
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Suryanto. "Dislocation Generated by Electron Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.744.

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Dislocation loop was generated by electron irradiation in nickel aluminum alloy. It is important to know dislocation characteristics obtained from a high energetic electron irradiation. If b is the Burger vector of a dislocation loop and g is the diffraction vector, dislocation loop will appear larger, smaller or disappear for g.b>0, g.b<0 or g.b=0, respectively. Dislocation loop was determined as follows – first, the appearance of dislocation loops is arranged in observation table. Second, based on type of dislocation loop, Burger vector and diffraction vector, appearance of dislocation
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Shikata, Shinichi, and Naoya Akashi. "Dislocation Vector Analysis Method of Deep Dislocation Having C-Axis Segment in Diamond." Materials Science Forum 1004 (July 2020): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1004.519.

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X-ray topography is an effective tool to investigate dislocations in semiconductor crystals. Due to low X-ray absorption coefficients of diamond, X-rays can penetrate deep into the crystal. Thus, deep three-dimensional (3D) dislocations are projected on two-dimension (2D) film, which makes dislocation analysis particularly challenging. Dislocation vectors from the films obtained using a set of the same diffraction vectors were identified using topographical and geometrical analyses. The depth and position of the dislocations in a crystal that was projected on a film were determined using geome
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Miyazaki, Toshiyuki, and Toshihiko Sasaki. "A comparison of X-ray stress measurement methods based on the fundamental equation." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (2016): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716000492.

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Stress measurement methods using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods are based on so-called fundamental equations. The fundamental equation is described in the coordinate system that best suits the measurement situation, and so making a comparison between different XRD methods is not straightforward. However, by using the diffraction vector representation, the fundamental equations of different methods become identical. Furthermore, the differences between the various XRD methods reside in the choice of diffraction vectors and the way of calculating the stress from the measured data. The stress ca
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Creuziger, Adam, Thien Phan, and Darren Pagan. "Refinements in phase fraction determination of textured alloys from transmission diffraction data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 5 (2021): 1480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721008712.

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The use of high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction sources has become increasingly common for high-quality phase fraction measurements and microstructural evolution experiments. While the high flux, large volume illuminated and large number of diffraction vectors should reduce common sources of uncertainty and bias, the distribution of the diffraction vectors may still cause bias in the phase fraction measurement. This hypothesis of bias was investigated with example experimental data and synthetic data. The authors found that there may be bias depending on the sample texture, the distributi
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Balić Žunić, Tonči, and Jesper Dohrup. "Use of an ellipsoid model for the determination of average crystallite shape and size in polycrystalline samples." Powder Diffraction 14, no. 3 (1999): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600010538.

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A mathematical model for interpreting the anisotropical broadening of the powder diffraction lines by an average crystallite in the form of a triaxial ellipsoid is developed. The model covers satisfactorily a broad range of averaged crystallite shapes in polycrystalline samples of all crystal symmetries and provides simple formulas for use in powder pattern fitting routines. When ra, rb, rc are the principal ellipsoid radii, and ca, cb, cc direction cosines of diffraction vector related to the principal axes of ellipsoid, the average dimension of crystallites along the diffraction vector (Dhkl
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Chou, Chen-Chia, and C. Marvin Wayman. "Determination of displacement vector on 180° domain boundary and polarization arrangements in lead titanate crystals." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 2 (1997): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0067.

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180° domain boundaries in flux-grown lead titanate single crystals show intriguing domain boundary extreme fringe contrast using transmission electron microscopy. Symmetrically distributed domain boundaries with alternate contrast have been observed, indicating that opposite displacement vectors exist one by one at boundaries. If appropriate reflection vectors were employed, an inclined domain boundary shows reversed fringe contrast. An analysis based upon the two-beam dynamical theory and a rule similar to stacking-fault contrast analysis was employed to predict the geometric configuration of
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Cherns, D., and I. K. Jordan. "CBED from imperfect crystals: Current achievements and future prospects." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100154640.

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CBED is usually applied to the study of perfect crystals. However, we have recently shown that CBED can be usefully applied to the study of a range of individual defects (dislocations and stacking faults) and to the study of composition profiles in a range of periodic and aperiodic semiconductor multilayers. In this paper the advantages of CBED for such studies over conventional imaging techniques will be explained and the scope for future work discussed.The application of CBED to the study of dislocations has already been discussed in a series of papers. The technique is to use the large angl
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diffraction Vectors"

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Шовкопляс, Оксана Анатоліївна, Оксана Анатольевна Шовкопляс, Oksana Anatoliivna Shovkoplias, and O. V. Sobol. "Regularities in Forming the Phase Composition, Structure, Substructure and Growth Morphology of Nanostructured Ion-plasma Coatings of Quasi-binary Section Ti-W-B System." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35334.

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Using the method of X-ray analysis with the diffraction vectors in the plane and perpendicularly to the plane of growth of nanocrystalline W-Ti-B system condensates, regularities of forming the phase composition, structure and substructural characteristics were revealed. The designer’s software package «ScecDec» was employed to process the diffraction profiles. The deposition temperature and the ratio of Ti/W atoms in the coatings were used as influential parameters. The models to describe the obtained regularities are suggested. When you are citing the document, use the following link http:/
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McCalmont, John Francis. "A vector Huygens-Fresnel model of the diffraction of electromagnetic waves." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298811.

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The scalar Huygens-Fresnel Principle describing the propagation of light is reformulated to take into account the vector nature of light and the associated directed electric and magnetic fields. A vector Huygens secondary source is developed in terms of the fundamental radiating units of electromagnetism: the electric and magnetic dipoles. The vector Huygens wavelets are incorporated into a computer model that calculates the resulting vector fields after light passes through a diffracting system by a wavefront reconstruction process similar to that originally proposed by Huygens himself in 168
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Jabbour, Toufic. "DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS UNDER HIGH NUMERICAL APERTURE FOCUSING." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2837.

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The demand for high optical resolution has brought researchers to explore the use of beam shaping diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for improving performance of high numerical aperture (NA) optical systems. DOEs can be designed to modulate the amplitude, phase and/or polarization of a laser beam such that it focuses into a targeted irradiance distribution, or point spread function (PSF). The focused PSF can be reshaped in both the transverse focal plane and along the optical axis. Optical lithography, microscopy and direct laser writing are but a few of the many applications in which a prope
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Ament, Craig A. "High numerical aperture axial and transverse beam shaping using diffractive optics." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1348.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Physics
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Chemin, Caroline. "Relation structure-activité de vecteurs colloïdaux type liposomes pour la vectorisation d'un anticancéreux." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114846.

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Le S12363 présente une forte activité anticancéreuse in vitro mais une très forte toxicité in vivo. Pour augmenter son index thérapeutique, les S12363 a été encapsulé dans des liposomes par deux procédés d’encapsulation différents. La première partie de ce travail de thèse s’est intéressée à l’organisation supramoléculaire des liposomes de S12363. Ce travail a mis en évidence que le principe actif interagit fortement avec la bicouche lipidique et que son insertion permet une meilleure stabilité de la formulation in vitro. L’étude pharmacocinétique a ensuite mis en évidence la stabilité de cett
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Yeh, Wei-Hung. "Interaction of the focused laser beam with the grooved surface of optical disk: Evanescent coupling and vector diffraction effects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284281.

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The primary objective of this dissertation is to present a clear physical picture and useful insights of polarization effects in the diffraction of focused beams by grooved, multilayer-coated disks. The reading process of optical disk systems significantly relies on the reaction of the incident focused beam to the disk structure, may it be the groove profile or coating materials. The resulting complex-amplitude from diffraction is the main source for the readout signal. In the presence of the periodic pattern and the focused beam, however, different polarization states usually result in differ
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Gordon, Sean Dennis Steven. "Two and three vector correlations in the rotationally inelastic scattering of state-selected NO(X)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ec0f133b-b2ef-482c-b90c-59fc313c8baa.

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In this thesis, an experimental and theoretical study of two and three vector correlations in the inelastic scattering of NO(X) with various rare gas atoms is presented. Vector correlations for a selection of rare gas systems were determined experimentally, and the observations were interpreted using a variety of classical and quantum mechanical models. The experiment is able to provide state-to-state resolution of the dynamics by means of an electrostatic hexapole and 1+1' resonantly enhanced multi-photon ionisation (REMPI). The simplest vector correlation of interest is the differential cros
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Santos, Rafael Tosta. "Modelo de propaga??o para sistemas de telefonia m?vel para guias de ondas com antenas acima do topo dos pr?dios." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/471.

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Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-07-11T22:36:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Tosta Santos - Dissertacao Final.pdf: 20325954 bytes, checksum: bc011c09cd83ca73255a8b092923400a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T22:36:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Tosta Santos - Dissertacao Final.pdf: 20325954 bytes, checksum: bc011c09cd83ca73255a8b092923400a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31<br>This master thesis presents a model of deterministic propagation for waveguides with transmitting antenna above the top of the buildings and the
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Chen, Yung-Hsin, and 陳勇星. "Vector diffraction analysis of diffractive gratings based on the rigorous coupled-wave theory." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48361123759124443716.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>光電工程所<br>87<br>One dimension periodic grating is the most basic and simple element of diffraction optics. It has many applications in integrated optics, holography, electronic optics, and spectroscopy. In its design and applications, diffraction efficiency is one of the most important factors. When the period of grating is near the wavelength of incidence light, conventional scalar diffraction theory is not available to analyze the distribution of diffraction efficiency. Therefore, based on the rigorous coupled-wave theory, we developed a simulation program of vector diffractio
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Ivanov, Igorʹ P. [Verfasser]. "Diffractive production of vector mesons in deep inelastic scattering within kt-factorization approach / vorgelegt von Igor Ivanov." 2002. http://d-nb.info/966570936/34.

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Books on the topic "Diffraction Vectors"

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Multipath analysis diffraction calculations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Konijnenberg, Sander, Aurele J. L. Adam, and H. Paul Urbach. BSc Optics. TU Delft Open, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5074/t.2021.003.

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This book treats optics at the level of students in the later stage of their bachelor or the beginning of their master. It is assumed that the student is familiar with Maxwell’s equations. Although the book takes account of the fact that optics is part of electromagnetism, special emphasis is put on the usefulness of approximate models of optics, their hierarchy and limits of validity. Approximate models such as geometrical optics and paraxial geometrical optics are treated extensively and applied to image formation by the human eye, the microscope and the telescope. Polarisation states and ho
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Multipath analysis diffraction calculations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Guenther, B. D. Modern Optics Simplified. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842859.001.0001.

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This textbook is designed for use in a standard physics course on optics at the sophomore level. The book is an attempt to reduce the complexity of coverage found in Modem Optics to allow a student with only elementary calculus to learn the principles of optics and the modern Fourier theory of diffraction and imaging. Examples based on real optics engineering problems are contained in each chapter. Topics covered include aberrations with experimental examples, correction of chromatic aberration, explanation of coherence and the use of interference theory to design an antireflection coating, Fo
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Adams, Charles S., and Ifan G. Hughes. Optics f2f. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786788.001.0001.

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This book is primarily intended to be used in optics teaching from undergraduate to graduate level. It is assumed that an elementary course on optics has previously been studied, but all the key concepts of wave optics and light propagation are introduced where needed, and illustrated graphically. A recurring theme is that simple building blocks such as plane and spherical waves can be summed to construct useful solutions. Fourier methods and the angular-spectrum approach are used extensively, especially to provide a unified approach to Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction. Particular attention
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Marks II, Robert J. Handbook of Fourier Analysis & Its Applications. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195335927.001.0001.

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Fourier analysis has many scientific applications - in physics, number theory, combinatorics, signal processing, probability theory, statistics, option pricing, cryptography, acoustics, oceanography, optics and diffraction, geometry, and other areas. In signal processing and related fields, Fourier analysis is typically thought of as decomposing a signal into its component frequencies and their amplitudes. This practical, applications-based professional handbook comprehensively covers the theory and applications of Fourier Analysis, spanning topics from engineering mathematics, signal processi
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Cantor, Brian. The Equations of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851875.001.0001.

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This book describes some of the important equations of materials and the scientists who derived them. It is aimed at anyone interested in the manufacture, structure, properties and engineering application of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, semiconductors and composites. It is meant to be readable and enjoyable, a primer rather than a textbook, covering only a limited number of topics and not trying to be comprehensive. It is pitched at the level of a final year school student or a first year undergraduate who has been studying the physical sciences and is thinking of specialising
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T. Wave Phenomena. Courier Dover Publications, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diffraction Vectors"

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Prokudin, A., E. Martynov, and E. Predazzi. "Vector Meson Photoproduction in the Soft Dipole Pomeron Model Framework." In DIFFRACTION 2002: Interpretation of the New Diffractive Phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics and in the S-Matrix Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0177-9_9.

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Savin, Alexander A. "Diffraction at HERA: Inclusive Final States and Exclusive Vector Meson Production." In DIFFRACTION 2002: Interpretation of the New Diffractive Phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics and in the S-Matrix Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0177-9_3.

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andré, Michael P., Helmar S. Janée, Todd K. Barrett, Brett A. Spivey, and Peter J. Martin. "Simultaneous Spatial and Velocity Vector Mapping with Diffraction Tomography." In Acoustical Imaging. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8588-0_91.

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Singh, Jaswant, and Tobias Toll. "Diffractive Vector Meson Production Using Sartre with Machine Learning." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0289-3_361.

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Khan, Saba N., S. Deepa, and P. Senthilkumaran. "Experimental Demonstration of Diffraction of Vector Field Singularities Through Diamond Shaped Aperture." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9259-1_18.

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Gotsman, Errol. "The Hard Scale from the Forward Peak in Diffractive Leptoproduction of Vector Mesons." In International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59982-8_39.

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Boothroyd, Andrew T. "Magnetic Diffraction." In Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862314.003.0007.

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The basic concepts of magnetic order in crystals are reviewed, including magnetic unit cells, propagation vectors and magnetic domains. Some commonly-occuring magnetic structures are discussed, such as ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, ferrimagnets, and noncollinear and incommensurate magnetic structures. The differential cross-section for neutron diffraction from a magnetic structure is derived, and the magnetic structure factor is defined. The use of neutron polarization analysis, including spherical neutron polarimetry, in the determination of magnetic structures and of the spatial distributi
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"Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (Part 1)." In Pharmaceutical Crystallography: A Guide to Structure and Analysis. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782629665-00125.

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This chapter describes instrumentation for single-crystal X-ray diffraction then focusses on the geometrical aspects of single-crystal analysis. A typical measurement proceeds by establishing the geometry of the diffraction pattern then using that information to devise a strategy to collect the required set of intensities. The diffraction pattern is measured as a set of images while the crystal is rotated to bring it sequentially into suitable orientations to produce the various diffracted beams. Beams that hit the detector produce spots on the diffraction images, which appear and disappear as
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Safinya, Cyrus R., and Ilya Koltover. "Self-Assembled Structures of Lipid/DNA Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems from Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction." In Nonviral Vectors for Gene Therapy. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012358465-6/50017-7.

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Bruch, L. W., Milton W. Cole, and Eugene Zaremba. "Monolayer Structures." In Physical Adsorption: Forces and Phenomena. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198556381.003.0003.

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Abstract Physically adsorbed layers are readily compressed by increasing the pressure of the coexisting 3D gas.* The lattice constants of the monolayer solids are on the scale of a few angstroms, the compressions are on the scale of tenths of angstroms, and the lengths derived in high resolution diffraction experiments typically have precisions 0.002-0.02 õ. A small number of lattice classes suffices to describe the average lattices of most monolayer solids. As for 3D solids, the primitive vectors, basis vectors, and reciprocal lattice vectors provide a convenient set of coordinates with which
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Conference papers on the topic "Diffraction Vectors"

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Medina-Espíritu, Dixie L., Rosa Julia Rodríguez-González, and Geminiano Martínez-Ponce. "Holographic Recording and Diffraction Features of Vector Vortex Gratings." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/laop.2024.w2b.4.

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Holographic vector vortex gratings are inscribed by the superposition of two orthogonal vector vortex beams subtending a small angle with respect to the normal vector of the photoanisotropic recording medium. The recording medium herein chosen, a side-chain azobenzene-containing polymer film, allows the recording of linear and circular birefringence. Numerical simulations pave the way to obtain a faithful-recording of the resulting field when radial and azimuthal linearly polarized beams are superimposed. When the vector hologram is illuminated with a radial (azimuthal) linearly polarized beam
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Deng, Jin, Yunpeng Ma, Lehan Zhao, et al. "Generation of cylindrical vector vortex beams for self-assembly of chiral nanostructures of AuNPs." In Holography, Diffractive Optics, and Applications XIV, edited by Changhe Zhou, Liangcai Cao, Ting-Chung Poon, and Hiroshi Yoshikawa. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3036431.

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Krasnov, I. P. "The main vectors among those used for description of electromagnetic field." In Days on Diffraction 2012 (DD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dd.2012.6402768.

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Jiang, Wenbin, Zhiyang Liu, and Jie Zhang. "Diffraction imaging using reverse time migration with poynting vectors." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17683099.1.

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Tewfik, A. H. "Minimum support object reconstruction from diffraction-limited images." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.fn4.

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We study the problem of reconstructing the minimum support object that is consistent with a given image of the object produced by a not necessarily isoplanatic diffraction-limited imaging system. We assume without loss of generality that the object lies entirely in the first quadrant and its support is tangent to both coordinate axes. Furthermore, we assume that the size of the given image is larger than that of the object. We begin by discretizing the imaging equation to obtain a linear system of the form where x and y are vectors made of samples of the object and image, respectively, n is a
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Glytsis, Elias N., and Thomas K. Gaylord. "Three-dimensional anisotropic diffraction analysis of superimposed gratings." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.wi4.

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Superimposed holographic phase gratings are used for many important bulk and integrated optics applications. Some of these applications include holographic optical content-addressable memories, optical interconnects, multiple-beam combining and generation, filtering, and wavelength multiplexing. In the present work, the rigorous coupled-wave approach has been extended to two superimposed, anisotropic, phase, and/or amplitude gratings of arbitrary slant angle and periodicity. The analysis treats the 3-D diffraction problem with the grating vectors of the superimposed gratings being coplanar. Th
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McLeod, Roger D. "Some operating principles and primary functions of cones." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tuz4.

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Radially outward-flowing, positively charged ionic current flowing through their bilayer double membrane side can enable cones or the rods they bias to distinguish electric vectors in opposed directions. This acts like a semicylindrical, out-ward-directed diode. Ionic current modulation is proportional to the membrane-rectified electric field. A positive reference direction and its radially reversed sense serve to complete an opposition pair for positive-negative purposes that is the opposition pair which is the physical basis of all the psychophysical data from color opponency. Two separate s
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Weller-Brophy, Laura A. "Local normal mode analysis of waveguide grating couplers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.ws5.

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A variety of analytical formalisms and numerical techniques have been used to describe guided-radiation mode coupling by waveguide diffraction gratings. Motivated by the development of integrated optic devices such as grating couplers and DFB lasers, the focus of this work has been on the case of normal incidence, where the projections of the mode propagation vectors in the plane of the waveguide are parallel to the grating vector. Recent interest in the use of grating couplers at non­normal incidence, as in the case of focusing grating couplers, has led to the extension of previous analyses t
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Liu, Yuan Bin, Jun Qiu, Rong Jin, and Lin Hua Liu. "Artificial Opals: Reflection Spectra and Distribution Laws of Energy Transfer." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6510.

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In this work, we investigated the reflection properties of artificial opals composed of submicron silica spheres with diverse structural parameters and under the effect of light in different states. Furthermore, the primary rules how the reflection properties of artificial opals convert as these factors changing have been revealed clearly. These factors can take effects in changing the shape, value, and position of the peak of the hemispherical reflectance of artificial opals. Then we got the distribution and propagation process of the Poynting vectors corresponding to the positions of the dif
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10

Prather, Dennis W., Shouyuan Shi, Mark S. Mirotznik, and Joseph N. Mait. "Vector-Based Analysis of Axially Symmetric and Conducting Diffractive Lenses." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dtub.5.

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The analysis of diffractive lenses that have feature sizes comparable to the illumination wavelength require a rigorous, or vector-based, model of diffraction. However, most techniques presented in the literature for the vector-based analysis of such elements are limited to two-dimensional (2D), or cylindrical, lenses. In this paper we present a vector-based technique for the analysis of three-dimensional (3D), or spherical, diffractive lenses that are perfect electrical conductors (PEC).
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